livermore stream maintenance program · pdf filechapter 5 maintenance activity descriptions...

DRAFT MANUAL

LIVERMORE STREAM

MAINTENANCE

PROGRAM

April 2015

PREPARED FOR:

City of Livermore Community Development Department Engineering Division 1052 South Livermore Avenue Livermore, CA 94550

PREPARED BY:

ICF International 620 Folsom Street, Second Floor San Francisco, CA 94107

DRAFT MANUAL

LIVERMORE STREAM MAINTENANCE PROGRAM

P R E P A R E D F O R :

CityofLivermoreCommunityDevelopmentDepartment,EngineeringDivision1052SouthLivermoreAveLivermore,CA94550Contact:PamelaLung,P.E.,CFM925.960.4538

P R E P A R E D B Y :

ICFInternational620FolsomStreet,SecondFloorSanFrancisco,CA94107Contact:KathrynGaffney415.507.7131

April2015

ICFInternational.2015.LivermoreStreamMaintenanceProgram.DraftManual.April.(ICF00337.12.)SanFrancisco,CA.PreparedforCityofLivermore,CommunityDevelopmentDepartment,Livermore,CA.

City of Livermore Contents

Draft Manual Livermore Stream Maintenance Program

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Contents

Page

List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................... viii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... ix

Chapter 1 Introduction and Program Summary ......................................................................... 1‐11.1 Program Background and Need ............................................................................................. 1‐11.2 Program Purpose and Objectives ........................................................................................... 1‐21.3 Planning Area and SMP Area Creeks ...................................................................................... 1‐3

1.3.1 Ownership and Easements .............................................................................................. 1‐31.3.2 Stream Type ..................................................................................................................... 1‐3

1.4 Overview of SMP Approach.................................................................................................... 1‐41.5 Program Activities .................................................................................................................. 1‐5

1.5.1 Sediment Management ................................................................................................... 1‐51.5.2 Vegetation Management ................................................................................................. 1‐51.5.3 Bank Stabilization ............................................................................................................. 1‐61.5.4 Bridge Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 1‐61.5.5 Other Maintenance Activities .......................................................................................... 1‐61.5.6 Activities Not Covered in the SMP ................................................................................... 1‐6

1.6 Impact Avoidance and Minimization ...................................................................................... 1‐71.7 Program Mitigation ................................................................................................................ 1‐81.8 Program Management ........................................................................................................... 1‐9

1.8.1 SMP Work Cycle ............................................................................................................... 1‐91.8.2 Program Tracking ............................................................................................................. 1‐91.8.3 Program Reporting ......................................................................................................... 1‐101.8.4 Program Review ............................................................................................................. 1‐101.8.5 Program Commitment ................................................................................................... 1‐10

1.9 Program Permitting and CEQA/NEPA Compliance ............................................................... 1‐101.10 SMP Manual Organization .................................................................................................... 1‐11

Chapter 2 Environmental Regulations and Compliance ............................................................. 2‐12.1 Background and Regulatory Guidance ................................................................................... 2‐12.2 Clean Water Act ...................................................................................................................... 2‐1

2.2.1 Section 404—Fill Placement in Waters and Wetlands .................................................... 2‐12.2.2 Section 401—Water Quality Certification ....................................................................... 2‐42.2.3 Section 402 ...................................................................................................................... 2‐52.2.4 Regulations for the Use of Pesticides and Herbicides ..................................................... 2‐72.2.5 Section 303[d]—Impaired Water Bodies and Total Maximum Daily Loads .................... 2‐9

2.3 Federal Endangered Species Act .......................................................................................... 2‐102.3.1 Section 7—ESA Authorization for Federal Actions ........................................................ 2‐11

2.4 Migratory Bird Treaty Act ..................................................................................................... 2‐122.4.1 Permitting Agency and Related Regulations ................................................................. 2‐132.4.2 SMP Compliance Approach ............................................................................................ 2‐13

2.5 National Historic Preservation Act ....................................................................................... 2‐13



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2.5.1 Permitting Agency and Related Regulations ................................................................. 2‐142.5.2 SMP Compliance Approach ............................................................................................ 2‐14

2.6 National Environmental Policy Act ....................................................................................... 2‐142.6.1 Lead Agency ................................................................................................................... 2‐142.6.2 SMP Compliance Approach ............................................................................................ 2‐15

2.7 Federal Regulation of Floodplains ........................................................................................ 2‐152.7.1 SMP Relevance ............................................................................................................... 2‐15

2.8 Porter‐Cologne Water Quality Control Act .......................................................................... 2‐162.8.1 Permitting Agency and Related Regulations ................................................................. 2‐162.8.2 SMP Compliance Approach ............................................................................................ 2‐18

2.9 California Endangered Species Act ....................................................................................... 2‐182.9.1 SMP Compliance Approach ............................................................................................ 2‐20

2.10 California Fish and Game Code Sections 3503 and 3503.5—Bird Nests and Birds of Prey ....................................................................................................................................... 2‐20


2.11 California Fish and Game Code Section 1602—Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement Program ............................................................................................................. 2‐21


2.12 California Environmental Quality Act ................................................................................... 2‐222.12.1 Lead Agency ................................................................................................................... 2‐222.12.2 SMP Compliance Approach ............................................................................................ 2‐23

2.13 Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act.................................................................................. 2‐232.14 Local Stream and Watershed Plans ...................................................................................... 2‐23

2.14.1 East Alameda County Conservation Strategy ................................................................ 2‐242.14.2 Zone 7 Stream Maintenance Master Plan ..................................................................... 2‐24

Chapter 3 Environmental Setting .............................................................................................. 3‐13.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 3‐13.2 Topography and Landforms ................................................................................................... 3‐13.3 Watersheds, Creeks, and Land Use ........................................................................................ 3‐1

3.3.1 Alameda Creek Watershed .............................................................................................. 3‐13.3.2 Land Use ........................................................................................................................... 3‐3

3.4 Geology and Soils ................................................................................................................... 3‐33.4.1 Regional Geologic Context ............................................................................................... 3‐33.4.2 Geology of the Livermore Valley...................................................................................... 3‐43.4.3 Soils .................................................................................................................................. 3‐4

3.5 Climate ................................................................................................................................... 3‐43.6 Regional Flooding ................................................................................................................... 3‐5

3.6.1 Flood Protection Facilities ................................................................................................ 3‐53.7 Groundwater and Water Supply ............................................................................................ 3‐63.8 Water Quality ......................................................................................................................... 3‐7

3.8.1 Surface Water Quality ...................................................................................................... 3‐73.8.2 Groundwater Quality ....................................................................................................... 3‐7

3.9 Vegetation Communities and Creek/Channel Land Cover ..................................................... 3‐83.9.1 Alkali Meadow and Scalds ............................................................................................... 3‐83.9.2 California Annual Grassland ............................................................................................. 3‐93.9.3 Mixed Evergreen Forest/Oak Woodland ......................................................................... 3‐9



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3.9.4 Mixed Willow Riparian Scrub ......................................................................................... 3‐103.9.5 Mixed Riparian Forest and Woodland ........................................................................... 3‐103.9.6 Sycamore Alluvial Woodland ......................................................................................... 3‐113.9.7 Valley Sink Scrub ............................................................................................................ 3‐113.9.8 Alkali Wetland ................................................................................................................ 3‐123.9.9 Perennial Freshwater Marsh .......................................................................................... 3‐143.9.10 Seasonal Wetland .......................................................................................................... 3‐143.9.11 Pond ............................................................................................................................... 3‐153.9.12 Riverine Stream .............................................................................................................. 3‐153.9.13 Vineyard ......................................................................................................................... 3‐163.9.14 Cropland ......................................................................................................................... 3‐163.9.15 Ruderal ........................................................................................................................... 3‐173.9.16 Golf Course/Urban Park ................................................................................................. 3‐173.9.17 Urban‐Suburban ............................................................................................................ 3‐173.9.18 Rural Residential ............................................................................................................ 3‐18

3.10 Focal Plants and Wildlife ...................................................................................................... 3‐183.10.1 Focal Plants .................................................................................................................... 3‐193.10.2 Focal Wildlife ................................................................................................................. 3‐22

Chapter 4 Pre‐Maintenance Planning Approach and Impact Avoidance .................................... 4‐14.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4‐14.2 Maintenance Principles .......................................................................................................... 4‐1

4.2.1 Maintenance Principle 1: No Unnecessary Intervention ................................................. 4‐24.2.2 Maintenance Principle 2: Understand the System and Its Processes ............................. 4‐34.2.3 Maintenance Principle 3: Consider Adjacent Land Uses ................................................. 4‐34.2.4 Maintenance Principle 4: Apply System Understanding to Maintenance Actions .......... 4‐44.2.5 Maintenance Principle 5: Manage for Incremental Ecological Improvement ................. 4‐44.2.6 Maintenance Principle 6: Integrate Maintenance Activities Toward Sustainability ....... 4‐54.2.7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 4‐5

4.3 Sediment Management Approach ......................................................................................... 4‐54.3.1 Framing Considerations ................................................................................................... 4‐54.3.2 Sediment Management Goals ......................................................................................... 4‐64.3.3 Sediment Management Triggers ..................................................................................... 4‐7

4.4 Vegetation Management Approach ....................................................................................... 4‐74.4.1 Framing Considerations ................................................................................................... 4‐74.4.2 Vegetation Management Goals ....................................................................................... 4‐84.4.3 Vegetation Management Triggers ................................................................................... 4‐9

4.5 Bank Stabilization Approach ................................................................................................. 4‐104.5.1 Framing Considerations ................................................................................................. 4‐104.5.2 Bank Stabilization Goals ................................................................................................. 4‐114.5.3 Bank Stabilization Triggers ............................................................................................. 4‐11

4.6 Sediment Reuse and Disposal Approach .............................................................................. 4‐114.6.1 Sediment Disposal Goals ................................................................................................ 4‐124.6.2 Annual Disposal Planning ............................................................................................... 4‐12

Chapter 5 Maintenance Activity Descriptions ........................................................................... 5‐15.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5‐15.2 Timing of Work ....................................................................................................................... 5‐15.3 Sediment Management .......................................................................................................... 5‐1



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5.3.1 Sediment Sources ............................................................................................................ 5‐25.3.2 Sediment Removal Areas ................................................................................................. 5‐35.3.3 Sediment Disposal............................................................................................................ 5‐7

5.4 Vegetation Management ....................................................................................................... 5‐85.4.1 Vegetation Management in Creeks and Channels ........................................................... 5‐95.4.2 Access and Staging ......................................................................................................... 5‐125.4.3 Herbicide Use ................................................................................................................. 5‐135.4.4 Vegetation Control with Grazing Animals ...................................................................... 5‐13

5.5 Bank Stabilization ................................................................................................................. 5‐135.5.1 Bank Stabilization in Creeks and Channels .................................................................... 5‐14

5.6 Other Maintenance Activities .............................................................................................. 5‐155.6.1 Bridge Maintenance ....................................................................................................... 5‐155.6.2 Culvert Repair and Replacement ................................................................................... 5‐155.6.3 Habitat Restoration and Landscape Maintenance ........................................................ 5‐175.6.4 Trash and Debris Removal ............................................................................................. 5‐175.6.5 Access Road and Trail Maintenance .............................................................................. 5‐18

Chapter 6 Estimated Maintenance Activity Impacts .................................................................. 6‐16.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6‐16.2 Summary of Program Impacts by Activity Type ..................................................................... 6‐2

6.2.1 Sediment Removal Activities ........................................................................................... 6‐26.2.2 Vegetation Management Activities ................................................................................. 6‐36.2.3 Bank Stabilization Activities ............................................................................................. 6‐56.2.4 Other Maintenance Activities .......................................................................................... 6‐7

6.3 Summary of Program Impacts by Species .............................................................................. 6‐96.3.1 Focal Plants ...................................................................................................................... 6‐96.3.2 Focal Wildlife ................................................................................................................. 6‐10

6.4 SMP Activity Quantified Impact Estimates ........................................................................... 6‐13

Chapter 7 Impact Reduction and Minimization ......................................................................... 7‐17.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 7‐17.2 Program‐wide Best Management Practices ........................................................................... 7‐2

7.2.1 General Avoidance and Minimization Measures ............................................................. 7‐27.2.2 Air Quality Protection ...................................................................................................... 7‐27.2.3 Biological Resources Protection....................................................................................... 7‐37.2.4 Cultural Resources Protection ......................................................................................... 7‐37.2.5 Hazardous Materials Safety ............................................................................................. 7‐47.2.6 Vegetation Management ................................................................................................. 7‐57.2.7 Water Quality and Creek/Channel Protection ................................................................. 7‐57.2.8 Good Neighbor Policies .................................................................................................... 7‐5

Chapter 8 Program Mitigation .................................................................................................. 8‐18.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 8‐18.2 Regulatory Guidance .............................................................................................................. 8‐1

8.2.1 East Alameda County Conservation Strategy .................................................................. 8‐28.2.2 2008 Final Rule ................................................................................................................. 8‐2

8.3 Mitigation Approach .............................................................................................................. 8‐38.3.1 Tier 1: On‐site Mitigation within Impacted Reaches ....................................................... 8‐38.3.2 Tier 2: Off‐Site Mitigation at Other Drainage Reaches .................................................... 8‐88.3.3 Tier 3: Integrated Watershed Mitigation ........................................................................ 8‐8



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8.4 Mitigation Ratios .................................................................................................................. 8‐118.4.1 Waters of the U.S. and State.......................................................................................... 8‐118.4.2 Riparian Vegetation ....................................................................................................... 8‐128.4.3 Focal Species .................................................................................................................. 8‐12

8.5 Mitigation Timing ................................................................................................................. 8‐128.6 Mitigation Notification and Reporting ................................................................................. 8‐13

Chapter 9 Program Management.............................................................................................. 9‐19.1 Stream Maintenance Program Work Cycle ............................................................................ 9‐19.2 Creek and Channel Reconnaissance and Assessment ............................................................ 9‐29.3 Develop Annual Work Plan ..................................................................................................... 9‐29.4 Develop Annual Summary Project Description ...................................................................... 9‐39.5 Develop Annual Mitigation Plan ............................................................................................. 9‐49.6 Agency Notification ................................................................................................................ 9‐49.7 Project Implementation ......................................................................................................... 9‐59.8 Annual Reporting .................................................................................................................... 9‐59.9 Data Management .................................................................................................................. 9‐69.10 Five‐Year Program Review ..................................................................................................... 9‐7

Chapter 10 Literature Cited ...................................................................................................... 10‐110.1 Printed References ............................................................................................................... 10‐1

Chapter 11 List of Preparers ..................................................................................................... 11‐111.1 City of Livermore .................................................................................................................. 11‐111.2 ICF International ................................................................................................................... 11‐1

Appendix A Figures



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Tables

At End of Chapter

1‐1 SMP Reaches, Lengths, Coordinates, and Figure Numbers

2‐1 2010 Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments in the City of Livermore

2‐2 Status of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) in the SMP Area

2‐3 Focal Species with the Potential to Occur in the SMP Area

3‐1 Land Cover Acreages by Reach

5‐1 Invasive Plant Species Known to Occur In and Around the Planning Area

6‐1 Potential Impacts of SMP Activities on Beneficial Uses

6‐2 Altamont Creek Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐3 Altamont Creek Tributary Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐4 Arroyo Del Valle Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐5 Arroyo Las Positas Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐6 Arroyo Las Positas Tributary Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐7 Arroyo Mocho Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐8 Arroyo Seco Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐9 Collier Canyon Creek Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐10 Cottonwood Creek Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐11 Granada Channel Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐12 Realigned Arroyo Las Positas Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐13 Isolated Reach Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type

6‐14 Fairy Shrimp Maintenance Activity Impacts

6‐15 Callippe Silverspot Butterfly Maintenance Activity Impacts

6‐16 California Tiger Salamander Maintenance Activity Impacts

6‐17 California Red‐Legged Frog Maintenance Activity Impacts

6‐18 Golden Eagle Maintenance Activity Impacts

6‐19 Tricolored Blackbird Maintenance Activity Impacts

6‐20 Western Burrowing Owl Maintenance Activity Impacts

6‐21 American Badger Maintenance Activity Impacts

6‐22 San Joaquin Kit Fox Maintenance Activity Impacts

6‐23 Plant Maintenance Activity Impacts

6‐24 Summary of Maintenance Activity Impacts by Creek or Channel

7‐1 Stream Maintenance Program Best Management Practices

7‐2 Best Management Practices by Activity

7‐3 Focal Species by SMP Reach

8‐1 Regulatory Agencies and Relevant Jurisdictions



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8‐2 SMP Preferred Plant Palette

8‐3 Performance Standards and Success Criteria for Mitigation Plantings

8‐4 Focal Species Mitigation Ratios



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Figures

In Appendix A

Figure 1‐1 Regional Vicinity

Figure 1‐2 Ownership Map

Figure 3‐1 Topography

Figure 3‐2 Livermore Valley Subwatershed

Figure 3‐3 Livermore Drainage Areas

Figure 3‐4 Livermore Drainage Network

Figure 3‐5 Hydrologic Soil Groups in Livermore

Figure 3‐6 Known Flooding Locations in Livermore

Figure 3‐7 Reaches and Vegetation – Drainage Index Map

Figure 3‐8 through Figure 3‐18 Reaches and Vegetation – Altamont Creek

Figure 3‐19 through Figure 3‐21 Reaches and Vegetation – Altamont Creek Tributary

Figure 3‐22 through Figure 3‐50 Reaches and Vegetation – Arroyo del Valle

Figure 3‐51 through Figure 3‐81 Reaches and Vegetation – Arroyo las Positas

Figure 3‐82 through Figure 3‐86 Reaches and Vegetation – Arroyo Las Positas Tributary

Figure 3‐87 through Figure 3‐101 Reaches and Vegetation – Arroyo Mocho

Figure 3‐102 through Figure 3‐117 Reaches and Vegetation – Arroyo Seco

Figure 3‐118 through Figure 3‐126 Reaches and Vegetation – Collier Creek

Figure 3‐127 through Figure 3‐130 Reaches and Vegetation – Granada Channel

Figure 3‐131 through Figure 3‐141 Reaches and Vegetation – Realigned Arroyo las Positas

Figure 3‐142 Reaches and Vegetation – Cottonwood Creek

Figure 3‐143 Reaches and Vegetation – Ravenwood Drainage Swales

Figure 3‐144 through Figure 3‐145 Reaches and Vegetation – Bear Creek Basins



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Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACCWP Alameda Countywide Clean Water Program

ACRCD Alameda County Resource Conservation District

Agreement Multi‐Party Master Agreement

BA biological assessment

BAAQMD Bay Area Air Quality Management District

basin plan water quality control plan

Bay Area San Francisco Bay Area

BMPs best management practices

BO Biological Opinion

Cal‐IPC California Invasive Plant Council

CCCFCWCD Contra Costa County Flood Control and Water Conservation District

CCR California Code of Regulations

CDD Community Development Department

CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife

CEQA California Environmental Quality Act

CESA California Endangered Species Act

CFGC California Fish and Game Code

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CIPs capital improvement projects

City City of Livermore

CMP corrugated metal pipe

CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database

CNPS California Native Plant Society

Construction General Permit General Permit for Discharges of Storm Water Associated with Construction Activity

CSC California Species of Special Concern lists

CWA Clean Water Act

DPR California Department of Pesticide Regulation

DPS distinct population segments

EA environmental assessment

EACCS East Alameda County Conservation Strategy

Eagle Act Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act

EBRPD East Bay Regional Park District

EIR environmental impact report

EIS environmental impact statement

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ESA federal Endangered Species Act

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency

FIRMs flood insurance rate maps

FR Federal Register

General Permit Statewide General National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit for the Discharge of Aquatic Pesticides for Aquatic Weed Control in Waters of the United States (General Permit No. CAG 990005)

GIS geographic information systems

gpm gallons per minute



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HCPs habitat conservation plans

I‐580 Interstate 580

IP Individual Permit

IS Initial Study

LARPD Livermore Area Recreation and Parks District

LPC Las Positas College

LWD large woody debris

MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act

MEP Maximum Extent Practicable

mg/L milligrams per liter

MND Mitigated Negative Declaration

MRP Municipal Regional Permit

MS4s municipal separate storm sewer systems

NAHC Native American Heritage Commission

NCCPs natural community conservation plans

ND negative declaration

NEPA National Environmental Protection Act

NFIP National Flood Insurance Program

NHPA National Historic Preservation Act

NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service

NOI Notice of Intent

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service

NWPs nationwide permits

OHWM ordinary high water mark

Porter‐Control Act Porter‐Cologne Water Quality Control Act

ppm parts per million

PRC Public Resource Code

RCDs Resource Conservation Districts

RCP reinforced concrete pipe

Regional Boards Regional Water Quality Control Boards

RGPs Regional general permits

RMA Routine Maintenance Agreement

RWQCBs Regional Water Quality Control Boards

SAA Streambed Alteration Agreement

RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board

SFPUC San Francisco Public Utilities Commission

SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer

Small MS4 General Permit General Permit for the Discharge of Storm Water from Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems WQO No. 2003‐0005‐DWQ

SMMP Stream Maintenance Master Plan

SMP Stream Maintenance Program

sq km square kilometers

SSC California Species of Special Concern lists

State Water Board State Water Resources Control Board

SUSMP Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan

SWMP Stormwater Management Program

SWPPP sormwater pollution prevention plan

SWQMP Stormwater Quality Management Plan



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TDS total dissolved solids

TMDLs total maximum daily loads

UCC Urban Creeks Council

UGB Urban Growth Boundary

USC U.S. Code

USGS U.S. Geological Survey

WDRs Waste Discharge Requirements

Zone 7 Zone 7 of the Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation District


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Chapter 1 Introduction and Program Summary

1.1 Program Background and Need TheStreamMaintenanceProgram(SMP)wasdevelopedbytheCityofLivermore(City)toimproveanddefinethemanagementandmaintenanceofengineeredandmodifiedfloodcontrolchannelsandnon‐modifiednaturalcreekswithintheCity’sSMPAreaasdepictedwithinthisdocument.TheSMPestablishesprogrammaticguidancetoconductmaintenanceactivitiesandavoidandminimizeenvironmentalimpacts.TheSMPalsoprovidestheorganizationalframeworktooverseeroutinecreekandchannelmaintenanceactivitiesandensuretheprogramiscompliantwiththetermsandconditionsofitspermits.

CompliancewithfederalenvironmentallawsandregulationssuchasthefederalEndangeredSpeciesAct(ESA)andCleanWaterAct(CWA),andstatelawsandregulationsadministeredbytheCaliforniaDepartmentofFishandWildlife(CDFW)andtheSanFranciscoBayRegionalWaterQualityControlBoard(RWQCB)hasrequiredanincreasinglyextensiveauthorizationprocess.

Thetime,effort,andcostsoftheannualpermittingprocesswerekeyfactorsindevelopingtheSMP.PriortotheSMP,eachindividualmaintenanceprojectunderwentseparatepermitapproval.Thistypicallyinvolvedsubmittingbetweenonetotwoindividualpermitapplicationstovariousregulatoryagenciesperyear.Theannualpermittingprocessrequireda10to18monthplanningandapplicationprocessforaworkperiodthattypicallylastedonly3to4monthsorless.Likewise,thecostsofannualpermittingoftenexceededthecostsofthemaintenanceworkitself.

Otherareasthatneededmaintenancebutrequiredmoreextensiveenvironmentalanalysiswereoftendeferredduetoattemptstoacquirefederalfundingtocompletethenecessarytechnicalstudies.Whenfundingwasnotforthcomingthetechnicalstudiesandenvironmentalanalysiswereoftendelayedduetoworkloadconstraints.Asaresult,doingthebulkoftheenvironmentalreviewandanalysisupfrontwillsaveagreatdealoftimeandmoneyandmakeannualmaintenancepossiblewithincurrentworkloadconstraints.

Similarly,theworkeffortandtimecommitmentfortheregulatoryagencieshasalsobecomeheavy.TheresulthasbeenadecreaseintheannualpermittingefficiencyforboththeCityandtheregulatoryagencies.

Besidethetimeandeffortrequirementsfortheannualpermittingofmaintenanceprojects,therewasalsoalossofmaintenanceefficiencyandresourceprotectionwithplanningprojectsindividually.TheSMPwasdevelopedtoprovideconsistentprogramactions,avoidandminimizeprogramimpacts,characterizePlanningArearesources,developsuitablemitigation,andprovideoversightacrosstheSMPArea.AnintegratedSMPwillbetterutilizetimeandfunding,andofferaregionalapproachtoresourcemanagementversusincrementalpermittingonaproject‐by‐projectbasis.

City of Livermore Introduction and Program Summary


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1.2 Program Purpose and Objectives TheprimarypurposeoftheSMPistoprovideanefficientandorganizedprogramtoconductstreammaintenanceactivities,complywithallrelevantenvironmentalregulations,andmaintainfloodcapacitywhileenhancingthePlanningArea’snaturalresources.TheSMPhasbeendevelopedcarefullytobalancethesegoalsoffloodprotection,permitting,andprotectingandenhancingnaturalresources.

ThefollowinglistsummarizestheSMPobjectives:

ProvideadequatefloodprotectionandconveyancecapacityforcreeksandchannelswithintheSMPArea;

Useasystemicandscientificunderstandingofthewatershedandindividualstreamreachestoguidemaintenanceactivities;

Usethestreamsystemunderstandingtodevelopinformedmaintenanceapproachesthatavoidandminimizeenvironmentalimpacts;

Improvecommunication,coordination,andpermittingefficiencybetweenregulatoryagenciesandtheCitythroughanopenandcollaborativeprogramnotificationandreportingprocess;

Developanadaptableandsustainableprogramthatcanrespondtochangingenvironmental,maintenance,andregulatoryconditions;

Provideanadministrativelystableprogramthatprovidestransparencyinoversightandimplementationofprogramactivities;

Obtainlong‐termpermitsprovidingcoverageofprogramactivitiesunderFederalandStateregulationssuchasESAandCWA;and

ComplywiththerequirementsoftheCaliforniaEnvironmentalQualityAct(CEQA)andNationalEnvironmentalProtectionAct(NEPA)(whereappropriate).

ThepurposeofthisSMPManualistoestablishanddefinetheoverallmaintenanceprogramanddescribetheprogram’smaintenanceactivities,naturalresources,andapproachestoavoidorminimizeimpactstoenvironmentalresources.ThisSMPManualisintendedforusebyCitymaintenancestaff,engineers,andresourcemanagers,aswellasenvironmentalregulatoryagencystaffandotherwatershedstakeholders.

ThisSMPManualprovidesadescriptionoftheactivitiesthatwillbeconductedaspartoftheSMP.Assuch,thismanualservesasthedescriptionofactivitiespermittedbytherelevantregulatoryagencies.TheevaluationofprogramenvironmentalimpactsisaddressedthroughaparallelInitialStudy/MitigatedNegativeDeclaration(MND)developedincompliancewithCEQA.TheSMPIS/MNDusesthedescriptionofprogramactivitiesinthismanualasthebasisforitsevaluation.

TheSMPisenvisionedtobeaflexibleprogramsubjecttoperiodicrevisionsreflectingimprovedunderstandingofresourceconditions,maintenancetechnologies,ormanagementpracticesovertime.



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1.3 Planning Area and SMP Area Creeks TheCityofLivermoreconductsplanningactivitieswithinthe“PlanningArea.”Figure1‐1(seeAppendixA)presentsthePlanningArealocatedintheCityofLivermore,AlamedaCounty,California.ThePlanningAreaincludesCitylimits,plustheareastheCityownsbyDoolanCanyon,theareabetweenPortolaAvenueandInterstate580,andSycamoreGrovePark.

SMPactivitieswilloccurwithinthe“SMPArea,”whichisdefinedasthelimitofmaintenanceactivities(i.e.,theareawithinwhichmaintenanceactivitiescouldoccur).TheprimarycreeksandchannelsincludedintheSMPAreaareArroyoLasPositas,AltamontCreek,ArroyoSeco,ArroyoMocho,andArroyodelValle.SecondarytributarycreeksandchannelsincludetheRealignedArroyoLasPositas,CottonwoodCreek,CollierCreek,andKelloggCreek,aswellasotherunnamedtributariesandconcretechannels.Table1‐1listsallofthecreekandchannelreaches,individualreachlengths,andfiguresheetreferenceswhereassociatedvegetationmappingisdepicted.Intotal,approximately42.8milesofstreamareincludedintheSMPArea.

1.3.1 Ownership and Easements

TheSMPAreastreamsmanagedundertheSMPareownedbytheCity,theAlamedaCountyFloodControlandWaterConservationDistrictZone7(Zone7),LivermoreAreaRecreationandParksDistrict(LARPD),orbyaprivatelandowner(seeFigure1‐2inAppendixA).TheCityownsand/ormaintainsforprivateentitiesapproximately24.1miles(56.6%ofSMPAreastreams),Zone7ownsapproximately10miles(23.4%),andLARPDownsapproximately7.1miles(16.6%).Inaddition,Zone7partiallyowns(i.e.,ownsportionsofagivenstreamcross‐sectionbasedonparcelboundaries)approximately0.8mile(1.8%),andhasdrainageeasementsonapproximately0.8mile(1.8%).

TheCityhasaRecreationalUseLicenseAgreementinplacewithZone7toconductmaintenanceofstreamchannelswheretheCityalsomaintainsanaccesseasementforrecreationaltrailsthatfollowthechannel.Thisagreementislong‐standing(initiatedin1968andre‐issuedin2005)andallowstheCitytouseZone7facilitiestoconstruct,improve,maintainandoperatefacilitiesforparksandrecreationpurposes.TheAgreementhasatermof25years,andmayberenewedin25‐yearincrements.

PrivatelyownedreachesarenotregularlymaintainedbytheCity,buttheCitywillimplementmaintenanceactionstocleardebrisorexcessvegetationattherequestofthelandownerandiftheCitydeterminesthatthesiterequiresmaintenance.LARPDmaymanagereachesitownsorreachesownedbytheCityaccordingtoestablishedmanagementagreementsbetweentheCityandLARPD.

1.3.2 Stream Type

TherearetwomaintypesofstreamsfoundintheSMPArea:naturalcreeksandengineered/modifiedchannels.Thefollowingsectionsdescribethesetwostreamtypes.

1.3.2.1 Natural Creeks

Naturalcreeksarenon‐engineeredandnon‐modifiedcreeksystems.Naturalcreeksmayrequiremaintenanceactivitiestomaintainflowconveyanceandreducethefloodinghazard.Maintenance



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workinnaturalcreekstypicallyinvolvesclearingdebrisorvegetationthatiscausingaflowobstruction.

1.3.2.2 Engineered and Modified Channels

Engineered Channels

Engineeredchannelsarechannelsthatweredesignedandbuilttoconveyadesigndischarge.IntheSMPArea,engineeredchannelshavetypicallybeenbuiltwithatrapezoidalcross‐sectionalshape.Mostoftheengineeredchannelshaveearthenbanksandbeds;however,somechannelshavehardenedbanksandbeds.Bedandbankhardeningtypicallyoccursatornearroadandculvertcrossingstoprotectthesestructures.Structuressuchasaccessroads,dropinletculverts,outfalls,flapgates,androadcrossingculvertsconstructedinassociationwiththeengineeredchannelsalsorequireroutinemaintenance.

Modified Channels

Modifiedchannelsarenaturalcreekchannelswithexistingearthenbedsandbanksthathavebeenmodifiedeitherthroughvegetationremoval,in‐channelgrading,orchannelwideningorstraighteningtoimproveflowconveyance.Thoughmodified,thesechannelsarenotengineeredorconstructedaccordingtospecificdesigncriteriatoconveyadischargeofaparticularmagnitude.

1.4 Overview of SMP Approach ThisSMPManualwasdevelopedwithpastmaintenancelessonsinmindtocreateanimprovedprogramthatwouldmaintaincreeksandchannelsmoreeffectively,wouldprovidegreaterenvironmentalprotectionandbenefits,andwouldbemoretimeandcostefficientforboththeCityandregulatoryagencystaff.ThedevelopmentoftheSMPbenefitedfromreviewofotherstreammaintenanceprograms,mostnotablytheSonomaCountyWaterAgency’sSMPprogramwhichwasthemodelforthisCityofLivermoreSMP.

ThecentraltenetoftheSMPapproachisthatmanagementactivitiesareconductedusinganinformedandsystemicapproachtominimizestreamimpactswhileprovidingnecessaryflowconveyance.Athoroughunderstandingofthephysicalandbiologicalstreamsystemisatthecoreofthisinformedapproach.TheSMPutilizesananalyticandtargetedapproachtounderstandthedegreeofmaintenanceworkactuallyrequiredforagivensituation.

Whiletheanalysisofmaintenanceproblemsmaybefocused,thedevelopmentofsolutionsiswatershed‐wideinperspective.Forexample,theSMPapproachconsidershowtoreducein‐streamsedimentloadsfromerosion“hotspots”inthewatershedlandsupstreamthatareintroducinglargeamountsofsedimenttothestreamsystemdownstream(seetheintegratedwatershedmitigationprogramdescribedinChapter8,ProgramMitigation).

TheSMPemploysamorecomprehensivewatershedapproachthanthecurrentproject‐by‐projectannualprocess.ThewatershedapproachoftheSMPmanagescreeksandchannelswithanunderstandingoftheoverallstreamsystemanditsphysicalandbiologicalprocesses.TheSMPapproachconsiderseachsiteandreachasacomponentwithinawatershedsystemintegratingupstreaminputsanddownstreamoutputs.Suchaperspectiveenablesimprovedmanagementofresourcesacrossthewholewatershedsystem.Forexample,considerationofsensitivehabitats,



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sedimentsourcesintheupperwatershedareas,orthemostefficientwaytomanageastreamcorridor’svegetationareallimprovedinplanningandimplementingmaintenancethroughabroaderprogram.

1.5 Program Activities TheStreamMaintenanceProgramhasthreeprimaryactivities:sedimentmanagement,vegetationmanagement,andbankstabilization.InadditiontothethreecoreSMPactivities,theSMPalsoinvolvesothersmallerandinfrequentmaintenanceactivitiessuchasbridgemaintenance,culvertrepairorreplacement,accessroadandtrailmaintenance,andtrashanddebrisremoval.TheSMPalsoincludesthetransportanddisposalofcollectedsedimentandvegetation.SMPactivitiesaresummarizedbelowanddescribedinmoredetailinChapter5,MaintenanceActivities.

1.5.1 Sediment Management

Sedimentmanagementreferstotheremovalofexcesssedimentfromconstructedfloodprotectionfacilitiessuchasculvertsandstormdrainoutlets.TheTri‐Valleyfloorhashistoricallybeenadepositionalarea,andsedimentmanagementhasconsistentlybeenaconcernwithintheSMPPlanningAreacreeksandchannels.Sedimentremovalwillbelocalizedatindividualcrossings,culverts,outlets,otherin‐channelfacilities,orotherindividualreacheswheresedimentaccumulationisdeterminedtobeaconcern.AllcreekandchannelsedimentremovalactivitieswillfollowtheimpactavoidanceandminimizationapproachandprinciplesdescribedinChapter4andwillincorporatethebestmanagementpracticesdescribedinChapter7andpresentedinTable7‐1.

TheSMPprimarilyinvolvessedimentremovaltomaintainstormflowconveyancefromadjacentstreetsintothecreekandchannelsystem.Therearecurrently149stormdrainoutletsand50roadandbridgecrossingsinCity‐operatedcreeksandchannelsthatrequireroutinemaintenanceforfloodprotection.Insomeinstances,suchasthestretchofArroyoLasPositasaboveitsconfluencewithAltamontCreek,theSMPalsoincludesreestablishmentofchannelcapacitythroughsedimentandvegetationremovalfocusedonmaintaininganopenlowflowstreamwithinthewiderchannelfloodzone.OneoftheobjectivesoftheCityGeneralPlanistomaintainthecreeksinasnaturalstateaspossiblewhilemaintainingthehealthandsafetyofthecommunity.Everycreekreachwillbeevaluatedforopportunitiestoprovideforhabitatrestorationbenefits.

SedimentremovedfromCityfacilitieswillbeusedon‐sitewherepossibleandallowableorforotherprojectsnearby.Ifitisunsuitableforuselocallyitwillbehauledoff‐sitetosuitableuplanddisposalsitesortotheAltamontLandfill.Sedimentreuseanddisposalactivitiesareessentialtothecompletionofthesedimentremoval,bankstabilization,andvegetationremovalactivitiesoftheProgram.TheCityanticipatesthatonaveragetheSMPwillinvolveremovingbetween1,000and2,000cubicyardsofsedimentperyear;theHolmesStreetbridgeaverageannualgravelremovalaloneaccountsforapproximately1,000cubicyardsofthissediment.Moredetailonsedimentdisposalactivitiesisprovidedinthefollowingchapters.

1.5.2 Vegetation Management

Vegetationmanagementreferstothetrimmingandremovalofpotentiallyproblematicvegetationincreeksandchannelsandancillaryfloodcontrolfacilities.Vegetationmanagementactivitiesareconductedtomaintainflowconveyancecapacity,establishacanopyofripariantrees,andcontrol



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invasivevegetation.Vegetationmanagementandremovalactivitiesarerelativelyconsistentfromyeartoyear,thoughlocationschangedependingonrecentgrowthandblockages.VegetationmanagementalsoincludestheplantingofnewtreesandshrubsincreeksandchannelsinaccordancewiththeSMP’srestorationandmitigationprogram(seeChapter8,ProgramMitigation).

1.5.3 Bank Stabilization

Bankstabilizationinvolvestherepairandstabilizationoferodedorerodingstreamorreservoirbanks.Bankstabilizationactivitiesoccurincreeksandchannels,includingculvertoutletsinstreams.AllbankstabilizationactivitieswillfollowtheimpactavoidanceandminimizationapproachandprinciplesdescribedinChapter4andwillincorporatethebestmanagementpracticesdescribedinChapter7andpresentedinTable7‐1.

Similartothesedimentremovalactivitiesdescribedabove,thenumberofnewbankstabilizationprojectsundertakeninagivenyeardependsonweatherandhydrologicconditionsduringrecentyears.Overthepasttenyears,theCityhasonlyimplementedonebankstabilizationproject.Withpermitsinplace,itisestimatedthatupwardsofthreebankstabilizationprojectscouldoccurovertheten‐yearSMPprogramterm.Theneedforbankstabilizationismorelikelyinwetyearswhenbanksshearorslumpduetobanksoilsaturation,highsoilporewaterpressure,andhighstreamvelocities.

1.5.4 Bridge Maintenance

Bridgemaintenanceconsistsofrepairingexistingbridges(e.g.,concretepatchingorlocalizedreinforcement),treatmentofscourerosionaroundbridgestructures,painting,graffitiremovalandcleaning.Suchmaintenancewillrequirefootandvehicleaccessintothecreekorchannelbottom.

1.5.5 Other Maintenance Activities

OtherProgrammaintenanceactivitiesinclude:

in‐kindrepairandreplacementofculverts;

irrigationsystemmaintenance;

maintainingcreekandchannelaccessroadsandtrailsforaccessibility;and

removingtrashanddebrisfromcreeksandchannels.

1.5.6 Activities Not Covered in the SMP

ActivitiesnotcoveredundertheSMPinclude:

maintenanceactivitiesonstreamsoutsideofthosedocumentedhereinwithintheSMPAreaforwhichnomaintenanceagreementexists;

newculvertprojects;

bridgereplacementprojects;

capitalimprovementprojects(CIPs)intendedtoincreasecapacitybeyondtheoriginalfloodconveyancedesignortoreplacebridges;



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emergencyactivitiesandprocedures(describedfurtherbelow);and

theSpringtownGolfCourseWaterDiversion(describedfurtherbelow).

Asituationisconsideredan“emergency”ifitisasudden,unexpectedoccurrenceinvolvingaclearandimminentdangerthatdemandsimmediateactiontopreventormitigatelossofordamagetolife,health,property,oressentialpublicservices(PublicResourceCode[PRC]Section21060.3).AlthoughemergencysituationswillnotbecoveredintheSMP,theCitywillmakeeveryefforttofollowtheguidanceprovidedintheSMPwhenimplementingactivitiesunderemergencyconditions,andwillalsoabidebythereportingprotocolsestablishedbytheregulatoryagenciesforemergencysituations.Deferredmaintenanceprojectsthatcreateasituationthatdemandsimmediateactiondoesnotfallunderthedefinitionofemergency.RoutineactivitiesshallbeprioritizedandeveryeffortshallbemadetomaintainflowsthroughoutthesystempertheSMPsuchthaturgenttreatmentisavoided.

Routinestreammaintenancedoesnotincludeprojectsthatwouldalterthedesignedfloodconveyancecapacityofacreekorchannel.LargeconstructionprojectsandCIPsthatcostover$100,000arenotconsideredroutinestreammaintenanceandarenotincludedintheSMP.However,futureCIPsmayconsiderusing,oradapting,theSMPtocovertheirmaintenanceneedsandmitigationoncetheirprojectbecomesoperationalandrequiresmaintenance.

1.5.6.1 Springtown Golf Course Diversion

TheSpringtownGolfCourse’sprimaryirrigationwatersupplyhashistoricallybeenrawwaterfromtheadjacentAltamontCreek.AretentionpondlocatednexttothemaintenancehutnearholesthreeandfourisusedtostorerawwaterdivertedfromAltamontCreek.TheretentionpondwaterispumpedintotheSpringtownGolfCoursewaterdistributionsystemtoprovideirrigationforthegolfcourse.

Inordertocompletethediversion,aseasonalbarricadehasbeenoperatedbetweenApril15andOctober15underpriorregulatoryagencyapprovals.Materialsusedfortheseasonalbarricadearepre‐fabricatedplasticbarricadesthatarefilledwithwaterafterbeingplacedinthecreek.Theplasticbarricadesareeasilyinstalledandremovedallowingforminimaldisturbancetothecreekbed.WhilethediversionisnotcoveredundertheSMP,thebestmanagementpractices(BMPs)identifiedinTable7‐1willbeappliedtowaterdiversionactivitieswhereappropriateandconsistentwithwaterdiversionpermits.

1.6 Impact Avoidance and Minimization TheinformedapproachoftheSMPnotonlyrequiresaclearunderstandingofthelocation,extent,andspecificsofmaintenanceactivities;italsorequiresanunderstandingofthestreamsystem’snaturalandaquaticresources.Asdescribedinthismanual(Chapter3),theSMPincludesadiscussionoftheenvironmentalsettingintheSMPArea,includingvegetativelandcovertypesandsensitivespecies.

Chapter4,Pre‐MaintenancePlanningApproachandImpactAvoidance,describeshowplanningmeasuresaretakentoavoidandreduceimpactsbeforeanymaintenanceworkoccurs.Thefollowingmaintenanceprinciplesweredevelopedasguidelinestoavoidandminimizeenvironmentalimpactsoftheprogram.Chapter4providesadditionaldetailonhowtheseprinciplesareused.



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1. NoUnnecessaryIntervention

2. UnderstandtheSystemandItsProcesses

3. ConsiderAdjacentLandUses

4. ApplySystemUnderstandingtoMaintenanceActions

5. ManageforIncrementalEcologicImprovement

6. IntegrateMaintenanceActivitiestowardsSustainability(toreducefrequencyofmaintenance)

Whenapplied,theseprincipalsdeterminewhenactionisneeded,considerthenaturalfunctionofthesystem,provideanunderstandingoflocalphysicalconstraints,identifysensitivehabitats,considerwatershedprocesses,identifythemaintenanceactivitiesneededatthereachandsitescale,andseeksolutionstominimizetheon‐goingneedformaintenanceactivitiesataparticularsiteorreach.

ThemaintenanceactivitiesdescribedinChapter5incorporatearangeofmeasurestominimizeundesiredeffectsthatcouldnotbeentirelyavoidedthroughthepre‐maintenanceplanningapproachesdescribedinChapter4.TheseadditionalmeasuresaredescribedinChapter7,ImpactReduction,MinimizationMeasures,andBestManagementPractices(BMPs).

Measurestoprotectnaturalresources,aswellas“good‐neighbor”policiesweredraftedtoreducetheeffectsofmaintenanceactivities.Table7‐1organizesthesemeasuresandBMPsaccordingtoprogramactivitiesandspecificenvironmentalresources.Takentogether,thepre‐maintenanceplanningmeasuresdescribedinChapter4andthemaintenanceactivitybasedmeasuresdescribedinChapter7provideacomprehensiveandintegratedapproachtoavoidingandminimizingprogramimpacts.

1.7 Program Mitigation Throughtheuseandapplicationofavoidanceandminimizationmeasuresandmaintenanceprincipalsdescribedabove,potentialimpactsaregreatlyreduced.However,potentialimpactsthatarenotreducedthroughavoidancemeasuresmayrequiremitigation.ThemitigationprogramfortheSMPisdescribedinChapter8.

TheCityofLivermoreSMPmitigationapproachwasdevelopedbasedontherecently‐permittedSonomaCountyWaterAgencySMPandtheEastAlamedaCountyConservationStrategy(EACCS;seeSection2.14.1formoredetail).TheapproachwasrefinedthroughmultiplediscussionswithagencyrepresentativesfromtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB,CDFW,USFWS,andU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers(USACE).MeetingswereheldwithindividualagenciesandalsoasagrouptodeveloptheSMPmitigationapproach.Themitigationstrategywillresultinnonetlossoftheextentofjurisdictionalwaters,bothinrespecttoacreageandlinearfeetofjurisdictionalwaters.

Themitigationapproachfollowsathree‐tieredsystemwheremitigationopportunitiesaresoughtfirston‐siteattheprojectlocation(Tier1),andsecondinotherSMPAreareaches(Tier2).Tier3mitigationwilloccurregardlessofthelocationofTier1and2mitigationandisintendedtoaddresstemporalloss.Thethree‐tiermitigationapproachensuresthatmitigationisfirstandforemostdirectedtocompensatefortheimpactsoccurringatthespecificprojectreach,thenexpandedif



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necessarytoconsiderreacheswithintheSMPAreaandthewatershedasawholeshouldopportunitieswithintheprojectreachbeinsufficienttocompensateforimpacts.

Tier1mitigationisimplementedon‐sitewithinthespecificprojectreachwheremaintenanceworkisconducted.On‐sitemitigationisdesignedtoaddressimpactsintheimmediatemaintenanceprojectarea.On‐sitemitigationactionsareintendedtoenhanceandrestorethestreamandaquaticfunctions,aswellasspecieshabitat,thatwereimpactedthroughthemaintenanceactivitiesinkind.Tier1mitigation,ataminimum,willrestorethebeneficialusesandecologicalfunctionsandvaluesthatwereprovidedbyasiteinitspre‐maintenanceconditiontotheextentpracticable.Inaddition,whereopportunitiesexist,itmayprovideadditionalbenefits.

Tier2mitigationissimilartoTier1mitigationinseekingin‐kindmitigationinstreamsandchannelsthathaveundergonemaintenanceintheSMPArea.However,Tier2mitigationisappliedatotherSMPAreastreamsandchannels,andisthereforenoton‐site.Tier2mitigationissoughtwhentherearenosuitableopportunitiesforenhancementorrestorationinamaintenancereachandthenextbestopportunityistopursuein‐kindmitigationataneighboringreachthatdoesaffordanopportunityformitigation.

Tier3mitigationisoff‐sitemitigationthatprovidescompensationfortemporallossintheformofenhancementofBeneficialUses.Off‐sitemitigationprojectsproviderestorativeandmitigatingwatershedsolutionsthataddressSMPimpacts.Examplesofoff‐sitemitigationprojectsincludenativeriparianplantrevegetation,largewoodydebrisinstallation,invasiveplantremoval,bioengineering/erosioncontrol,andwatershed‐basedsedimentorothercontaminantreductionactions.Tier3mitigationwillbefundedbyanamountthatisequaltoorgreaterthan10%oftheannualSMPactivitybudget.

Chapter8providesadditionaldetailsontheSMP’smitigationprogram.

1.8 Program Management

1.8.1 SMP Work Cycle

Implementation,administrationandoversightoftheSMParedescribedinChapter9.TheSMPwillbemanagedasanannualcycleofactivities.Streamreconnaissanceandassessmentbeginsinlatewinterorearlyspring,followedbythedevelopmentofthemaintenanceworkplan.Duringthespringmonths,theyear’smaintenanceprojectsarefurtherrefinedanddescribed,appropriatemitigationisidentified,andtherelevantregulatoryagenciesoverseeingprogrampermittingarenotified.Projectsarethenimplementedduringthesummerseason,whenthecreeksandchannelsareattheirdriest.Duringthefall,andbeforetheendoftheyear,anannualsummaryreportoftheyear’smaintenance,mitigation,andmonitoringactivitiesissenttothepermittingagencies.

1.8.2 Program Tracking

AnimportantcomponentinmanagingtheSMPistocontinuetomaintainacentraldatamanagementsystem.DatamanagementisrequiredthroughouttheSMPworkcycleincluding:organizingtheinitialstreamassessmentandinventory;characterizingreachconditions;identifyingmaintenanceneeds;identifyingsensitivehabitats,invasiveplantspeciespopulations,orotherenvironmentalconsiderations;documentingtheimplementedmaintenanceactivities;documenting



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andtrackingtheimplementationofrestorationandmitigationactivities;monitoringtheon‐goingstatusofmitigationactivities;andtrackingallregulatoryreportingrequirements.TheSMPdatabaseorganizesallofthisinformationandotherdataincludinggeographicinformationsystems(GIS)mapping,andaerialphotography.ThisSMPdatabaseprovidesaconsistentandtransparentwaytomonitoroverallprogramactivities,permittingcomplianceandtrackhabitatandcanopydevelopment.

1.8.3 Program Reporting

Asdescribedabove,attheconclusionofeachyear’smaintenanceseasonasummaryreportisdevelopedandsubmittedtotheappropriateregulatoryagencies.Thisreportincludes:asummaryoftheyear’smaintenanceprojectsdescribingwhatactivitiesoccurredandwhere;adescriptionandconfirmationoftherestorationandmitigationactivitiesimplementedduringthecurrentyearmitigation;astatusandmonitoringreportofon‐goingmitigationactivitiesinitiatedduringpreviousseasons;andotherprogramupdatesasnecessary.ThereportmayincludeadditionalinformationonSMPAreaconditions,activitiesemployed,theeffectivenessofcertainactivities,possiblerecommendationsforfuturemaintenance,orsuggestionstoimprovetheprogram’simplementationandmanagement.

1.8.4 Program Review

Followingthesubmittaloftheannualmaintenancereport,regulatoryagencystaffareinvitedtoareviewmeetingtodiscusstheevents,maintenanceactivities,andlessonslearnedoverthepastworkcycle.Every5years,theCityandthepermittingagencieswillreviewtheSMPforitsoveralleffectiveness.Thisreviewwillincludeanassessmentofmaintenanceactivitiesconductedtodate,BMPsemployed,adequacyoftheSMPMitigationProgram,SMPdatamanagement,adequacyofSMPadaptiveupdatesandrevisions,andoverallprogramcoordinationandcommunicationbetweentheCityandtheregulatorypermittingagencies.Theprogramwillbeflexibletoaccommodatenewresourceinformation,managementstandards,andmaintenancetechnologyovertime.Asenvisioned,theSMPwillbea“livingprogram”thatisupdatedandmodifiedasneeded.

1.8.5 Program Commitment

EssentialtoSMPprogramsuccessistheCity’scommitmenttodedicatetherequiredresourcesandstaffingnecessarytoeffectivelyadminister,oversee,implement,andmonitortheSMP.TheCitySMPManagerwillbetheCommunityDevelopmentDepartment(CDD)Directororhis/herdesignee.TheCDDDirectorhastheauthoritytodedicatetheresourcesnecessarytoensureprogramsuccessincludingoverseeingimplementationoftheManualandcompliancewithprogrampermitting.

1.9 Program Permitting and CEQA/NEPA Compliance AsdescribedaboveinSection1.1,priortothedevelopmentoftheSMPthepermittingofstreammaintenanceactivitieswasconductedonaproject‐by‐projectapproachforalloftheindividualprojectsinagivenyear.Thisrequiredabundanttime,effort,andcostfortheCityandtheregulatoryagencies,andwasinefficientinthatmostofthemaintenanceactivitieswereroutineandrepetitive.Additionally,conductingprojectsindividuallylimitedtheopportunitiestoconserveandprotectnaturalresourcesthroughabroaderwatershedapproach.ForthesereasonstheCitysought



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programmaticlongtermpermitstoprovideregulatorycompliance.TheregulatorycontextfortheSMPandtheprogram’spermittingapproacharedescribedinChapter2,EnvironmentalRegulationsandCompliance,andsummarizedintheparagraphbelow.

TheCityisseekingapprovaloflong‐termpermitsforroutinestreammaintenanceactivitiesincreeksandchannelsunderthejurisdictionoftheUSACE,includingWatersoftheUnitedStatesandspecialaquaticsites(wetlands)pursuanttoSection404oftheCWA.AnIndividualPermit(IP)willgrantgeneralauthorizationandsetconditionsforroutinestreammaintenanceactivitiessubjecttojurisdictionoftheUSACEfora10yearperiod.Inaddition,theCityandUSACEwillberequiredtocomplywithrequirementsunderSection7oftheESAforfederallylistedspeciesforwhichtheCityisseekingaprogrammaticBiologicalOpinion.TheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBwilloverseecompliancewithWasteDischargeRequirements(WDRs)andwaterqualitycertificationsunderSection401oftheCWAforwatersofthestatethrougha5‐yearpermitwithadefinedprocessforrenewalforanother5‐yearterm.TheCitywillalsoseekaRoutineMaintenanceAgreement(RMA)withCDFWforstreammaintenanceactivitiesincompliancewithFishandGameCodeSection1602,theStreambedAlterationprogram.Inaddition,theCitywillseekaCaliforniaEndangeredSpeciesAct(CESA)Section2081permitfromCDFW.Theeffectivenessoftheoverallprogramwillbereviewedin5yearsaspartofthepermitrenewalprocess.

CEQAcomplianceistriggeredbytheactivity’sdirectandindirectphysicalchangeintheenvironmentandtheissuanceofpermitsbystateregulatoryagenciesincludingtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBandCDFW.CEQAisalsotriggeredbythediscretionaryactionoftheLivermoreCityCouncilapprovaloftheSMPviaadoptionoftheSMPManual,theimplementationofwhichmayresultinenvironmentalimpacts.Thus,theCityistheleadagencyresponsibleforcomplyingwithCEQA.CompliancewithCEQAisbeingmetthroughthedevelopmentofanIS/MNDfortheSMPManual.TheIS/MNDwillevaluatetheenvironmentalimpactsofthemaintenanceactivitiesproposedintheSMPManual.TheIS/MNDwillbedevelopedtoaddresstheneedsofeachregulatoryagencytograntpermits,aswellasprovidethenecessaryCEQAcompliancetoallowtheLivermoreCityCounciltoapprovetheSMP.

TheissuancebyUSACEofaCWASection404individualpermitconstitutesafederalaction.Therefore,USACEmustcomplywithNEPA.USACEwillbetheleadagencyundertakingNEPAcompliance.SimilartoCEQA,theSMPManualwillprovidethebasisfordevelopingtheprojectdescriptionforNEPAcompliance.NEPAcomplianceledbytheUSACEwillmeetenvironmentalcompliancerequirementsforpermittingactionsconductedbyallfederalagenciesgrantingpermitsfortheSMP,providedthattheprojectdescriptionisthesameforallissuedpermits(i.e.,separateNEPAdocumentsarenotrequiredtoaddressUSACEorUSFWSpermits).

1.10 SMP Manual Organization ThisSMPManualisorganizedintothefollowingchapters:

Chapter1,IntroductionandProgramSummary,providesanoverviewoftheSMPincludingdescribingtheprogram’spurpose,area,maintenanceactivities,impactavoidance,mitigation,andpermittingapproaches.

Chapter2,EnvironmentalRegulationsandCompliance,describesthefederal,state,andlocalregulationsthatareapplicabletotheSMP,reviewsregulatoryagenciesandtheirpermittingresponsibilitiesfortheSMP,andpresentstheprogram’scomplianceandpermittingapproach.



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Chapter3,EnvironmentalSetting,describesthephysicalandbiologicalresourceconditionsinandsurroundingtheSMPAreathatinfluencetheSMPactivities.Thissettingincludesdescriptionsoftopography,landforms,geology,hydrology,waterquality,naturalcommunitiesandvegetation,andwildlifeintheSMPAreaandsurroundingenvirons.

Chapter4,Pre‐MaintenancePlanningApproachandImpactAvoidance,describeshowplanningmeasuresaretakentoavoidandreduceimpactsarebeforeanymaintenanceworkoccurs.Thischapterpresentstheguidingprinciplesandapproachoftheprogramtoavoidandminimizeenvironmentalimpacts.

Chapter5,MaintenanceActivityDescriptions,describestheprimaryprogramactivitiesincludingsedimentmanagement,bankstabilization,andvegetationmanagementactivities,andsecondaryprogramactivitiesofroadmaintenance,debrisremoval,fencerepair,etc.

Chapter6,EstimatedMaintenanceActivityImpacts,describesimpactsthatcouldpotentiallyoccurthroughimplementationoftheSMP.

Chapter7,ImpactReductionandMinimization,presentsadditionalbestmanagementpractices(BMPs)toprotectnaturalresources,providegoodneighborpolicies,andothermeasurestoreducetheeffectsofmaintenanceactivities.

Chapter8,ProgramMitigation,describestheSMP’sthreetiermitigationapproach,includingtheintegratedwatershedmitigationprogramtomitigateremainingimpactsthatwerenoteffectivelyavoidedorminimized.

Chapter9,ProgramManagement,describesSMPadministrationandoversightincludingtheimplementationoftheSMPannualworkcycle,datamanagement,regulatoryagencynotificationandreporting,andprogramreview.

Chapter10,LiteratureCited,providesalistingofthereferencematerialsanddocumentsusedinthedevelopmentofthisSMPManualandit’ssupportingplanningstudies.

Chapter11,ListofPreparers,describestheagenciesandindividualswhoparticipatedinpreparationofthisdocument.

AllchapterfigurescanbefoundinAppendixA.Tablesarelocatedattheendofthecorrespondingchapter.

Table 1‐1. SMP Reaches, Lengths, Coordinates, and Figure Numbers Page 1 of 3

Creek or Channel Name

Reach Name

Reach Length

Coordinates (Center of each Reach)

Figure Number Latitude Longitude

AltamontCreek AC‐1 797.6 37.695342N ‐121.838633W 3‐18

AC‐2 4,473.6 37.723144N ‐121.737024W 3‐15,3‐16,3‐17,3‐18

AC‐3 1,547.9 37.723206N ‐121.729887W 3‐14,3‐15

AC‐4 891.8 37.723368N ‐121.725743W 3‐13,3‐14

AC‐5 3,662.2 37.724346N ‐121.719154W 3‐11,3‐12,3‐13

AC‐6 1,677.7 37.722184N ‐121.712823W 3‐10,3‐11

AC‐7 5,378.5 37.721634N ‐121.704770W 3‐8,3‐9,3‐10

AltamontCreekTributary

ACT‐1 1,124.8 37.724679N ‐121.724566W 3‐20,3‐21

ACT‐2 3,043.8 37.727772N ‐121.720913W 3‐19,3‐20

ArroyoDelValle ADV‐1 6,382.7 37.649044N ‐121.796546W 3‐22,3‐23,3‐24,3‐25,3‐26

ADV‐2 3,006.9 37.645671N ‐121.784934W 3‐26,3‐27

ADV‐3 4,091.2 37.641609N ‐121.780174W 3‐27,3‐28,3‐29

ADV‐4 2,817.5 37.636421N ‐121.772651W 3‐29,3‐30,3‐31

ADV‐5 8,329.4 37.635059N ‐121.765884W 3‐31,3‐32,3‐33,3‐34

ADV‐6 1,581.4 37.627281N ‐121.756858W 3‐34,3‐35,3‐36

ADV‐7 2,524.8 37.620628N ‐121.760192W 3‐36,3‐38

ADV‐8 2,281.5 37.624305N ‐121.762535W 3‐36,3‐37

ADV‐9 913.7 37.623073N ‐121.761474W 3‐36,3‐37,3‐38

ADV‐10 3,704.1 37.629177N ‐121.772842W 3‐46,3‐47,3‐48

ADV‐11 4,991.1 37.630187N ‐121.779006W 3‐41,3‐42,3‐43,3‐44

ADV‐12 3,388.2 37.626621N ‐121.778381W 3‐42,3‐43,3‐44,3‐45

ADV‐13 1,438.2 37.624286N ‐121.780113W 3‐44,3‐45

ADV‐14 2,326.0 37.625228N ‐121.785270W 3‐39,3‐40

ADV‐15 1,896.5 37.646743N ‐121.753005W 3‐49,3‐50

ArroyoLasPositas

ALP‐1 6,164.3 37.695342N ‐121.838633W 3‐81,3‐80,3‐79,3‐78,3‐77

ALP‐2 5,320.6 37.697606N ‐121.825075W 3‐77,3‐76,3‐75,3‐74

ALP‐3 4,505.4 37.696232N ‐121.811795W 3‐74,3‐73,3‐72

ALP‐4 3,235.5 37.699462N ‐121.801802W 3‐71,3‐70

ALP‐5 5,419.6 37.700997N ‐121.791092W 3‐69,3‐68,3‐67

ALP‐6 4,640.5 37.697446N ‐121.778803W 3‐67,3‐66,3‐65

ALP‐7 5,057.5 37.701548N ‐121.766703W 3‐64,3‐63,3‐62

ALP‐8 7,314.8 37.710052N ‐121.753186W 3‐62,3‐61,3‐60,3‐59,3‐58,3‐57

ALP‐9 780.3 37.716712N ‐121.746889W 3‐57

ALP‐10 1,994.1 37.714374N ‐121.744137W 3‐56,

ALP‐11 1,493.7 37.716356N ‐121.743296W 3‐57,3‐55

ALP‐12 2,051.8 37.715875N ‐121.737565W 3‐55,3‐54

ALP‐13 1,191.0 37.715660N ‐121.732302W 3‐53,

ALP‐14 956.4 37.714399N ‐121.729024W 3‐53,3‐52

ALP‐15 1,021.2 37.713992N ‐121.725835W 3‐52

Table 1‐1. Continued Page 2 of 3


Reach Name

Reach Length



ALP‐16 1,977.2 37.712931N ‐121.721289W 3‐52,3‐51

ArroyoLasPositasTributary

ALPT‐1 2,300.9 37.704031N ‐121.796373W 3‐86,3‐85

ALPT‐2 759.6 37.705398N ‐121.794679W 3‐85

ALPT‐3 4,149.2 37.711505N ‐121.793659W 3‐85,3‐84,3‐83,3‐82,

ArroyoMocho AM‐1 1,890.3 37.678488N ‐121.803930W 3‐101

AM‐2 2,637.3 37.679295N ‐121.797876W 3‐101,3‐100,3‐99

AM‐3 4,757.4 37.677952N ‐121.797237W 3‐101,3‐100,3‐99,3‐98

AM‐4 1,617.0 37.679622N ‐121.791168W 3‐99,3‐98

AM‐5 3,305.8 37.674826N ‐121.785166W 3‐98,3‐97,3‐96

AM‐6 3,851.8 37.672280N ‐121.774035W 3‐96,3‐95,3‐94,3‐93

AM‐7 2,323.9 37.671411N ‐121.764884W 3‐93,3‐92

AM‐8 3,864.9 37.670166N ‐121.755219W 3‐92,3‐91,3‐90

AM‐9 1,687.8 37.666766N ‐121.747375W 3‐90,3‐89,3‐88

AM‐10 2,768.0 37.663608N ‐121.740915W 3‐88,3‐87

ArroyoSeco AS‐1 2,949.4 37.704605N ‐121.751457W 3‐117,3‐116

AS‐2 2,157.6 37.701852N ‐121.744517W 3‐117,3‐115

AS‐3 749.6 37.699483N ‐121.740976W 3‐115,3‐115

AS‐4 2,505.0 37.696307N ‐121.737446W 3‐115,3‐114,3‐113

AS‐5 2,034.3 37.690915N ‐121.733333W 3‐112,3‐111

AS‐6 449.8 37.687573N ‐121.732842W 3‐93,

AS‐7 2,437.6 37.685651N ‐121.728677W 3‐111,3‐110,3‐109

AS‐8 2,152.3 37.682780N ‐121.721725W 3‐110,3‐109.3‐108,3‐107

AS‐9 1,285.3 37.680426N ‐121.716859W 3‐107,3‐106

AS‐10 927.9 37.680152N ‐121.713220W 3‐106

AS‐11 2,092.4 37.677749N ‐121.709878W 3‐106,3‐105

AS‐12 665.6 37.675698N ‐121.706737W 3‐105,3‐104

AS‐13 1,450.5 37.674941N ‐121.704470W 3‐104

AS‐14 3,157.8 37.672059N ‐121.701195W 3‐104,3‐103,3‐102

AS‐15 1,079.5 37.669604N ‐121.697392W 3‐102

CollierCanyonCreek

CCC‐1 433.5 37.696963N ‐121.809471W 3‐126

CCC‐2 1,085.8 37.699008N ‐121.809445W 3‐126,3‐125

CCC‐3 2,303.0 37.703034N ‐121.807797W 3‐125,3‐124,3‐123

CCC‐4 703.4 37.706747N ‐121.805503W 3‐123

CCC‐5 523.5 37.708316N ‐121.804667W 3‐122

CCC‐6 3,739.6 37.712663N ‐121.801340W 3‐122,3‐121,3‐119,3‐118

CCC‐7 3,159.4 37.713146N ‐121.806011W 3‐122,3‐121,3‐120

CottonwoodCreek

CC‐1 1,035.0 37.700369N ‐121.831070W 3‐142

CC‐2 883.8 3742’43.408”N ‐12149’24.34”W 3‐142

GranadaChannel GC‐1 1,397.3 37.673612N ‐121.795845W 3‐130,3‐129,3‐128

GC‐2 3,380.0 37.667211N ‐121.794387W 3‐128,3‐127



Reach Name

Reach Length



RavenswoodDrainageSwales

– 2,368.7 34"39’6.563”N ‐12146’12.259”W 3‐143

RealignedArroyoLasPositas

RALP‐1 5,377.3 37.695417N ‐121.727071W 3‐141,3‐140,3‐139,3‐138,3‐137

RALP‐2 1,298.5 37.696812N ‐121.716508W 3‐137

RALP‐3 6,616.8 37.694189N ‐121.705911W 3‐136,3‐135,3‐134,3‐133,3‐132,3‐131

RALP‐4 1,803.8 37.692264N ‐121.693959W 3‐131,3‐132

RALP‐5 490.4 37.692831N ‐121.690100W 3‐131

RALP‐6 546.5 37.693063N ‐121.688346W 3‐131

BearCreekBasins – – 37.72905N ‐121.71475W 3‐144,3‐145

37.728199N ‐121.71471W

37.728138N ‐121.71202W

37.725628N ‐121.71317W

37.725147N ‐121.71263W

37.729588N ‐121.71332W

37.72229N ‐121.71328W

37.727337N ‐121.71438W


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Chapter 2 Environmental Regulations and Compliance

2.1 Background and Regulatory Guidance Thischapterdescribestheprincipalfederalandstateenvironmentalregulations,policies,andlocalresourcemanagementplansapplicabletomaintenanceactivitiesoftheSMP.Thischapteralsosummarizestheprocedurestocomplywiththeseregulations,policies,andplans.

AsintroducedinChapter1,SMPactivitiesgenerallyincludesedimentmanagement,vegetationmanagement,andbankstabilization.Dependingontheactivitytype,wheretheactivityoccurs,andhowtheactivityisimplemented,differentpermitsorenvironmentalcompliancemayberequired.TheCityhasdevelopedutilitymasterplansincludingaStormDrainMasterPlan,Sewer,WaterandRecycledWaterMasterPlansandFacilitiesDesignGuidelineswhicharereferencedhereinasapplicable.TheCityalso,jointlywiththeAlamedaCountyCleanWaterProgram,holdsaMunicipalRegionalPermit(MRP)withtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB(OrderR2‐2011‐0083amendingOrderR2‐2009‐0074,NationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem[NPDES]PermitNo.CAS612008),whichregulatesdischargesintothestormdrainsystem.TheonlyactivityintheSMPrelatedtotheStormDrainSystemistheclearingofstormdrainoutfalls.ThismaintenanceactivitymustbecompliantwithboththeMRPandthisSMPmanual.

TodeveloptheSMPManualandreceiveguidanceonpermittingapproaches,theCityworkedwithrepresentativesfromtheUSACE,SanFranciscoBayRWQCB,theCDFW,andtheUSFWS.Thischapterdescribestheprincipalfederalandstateenvironmentalregulations,policies,andlocalresourcemanagementplansapplicabletomaintenanceactivitiesoftheSMP.Thischapteralsosummarizestheprocedurestocomplywiththeseregulations,policies,andplans.

RegulatoryagencyrepresentativesprovideddirectiononthegoalsandobjectivesoftheSMP,aswellasreviewedallchaptersofthemanual.Permittingapproacheswerealsodiscussedatgroupandagency‐specificmeetings.

TheremainderofthischapterpresentstheregulationsandregulatoryagencyjurisdictionsapplicabletoimplementationoftheSMP,andthegeneralpermittingorcomplianceapproachoftheSMP.

2.2 Clean Water Act TheCWAistheprimaryfederallawthatprotectsthequalityofthenation’ssurfacewaters,includinglakes,rivers,andcoastalwetlands.TheCWAoperatesontheprinciplethatalldischargesintothenation’swatersareunlawfulunlessspecificallyauthorizedbyapermit.ThefollowingparagraphsprovidedetailsonspecificsectionsoftheCWAthatarerelevantfortheSMP.

2.2.1 Section 404—Fill Placement in Waters and Wetlands

CWASection404regulatesthedischargeofdredgedandfillmaterialsintowatersoftheUnitedStates.“Dischargeofdredgedmaterial”and“dischargeoffillmaterial”aredefinedat33Codeof

City of Livermore Environmental Regulations and Compliance


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FederalRegulations(CFR)323.2.“WatersoftheUnitedStates”(watersoftheU.S.)includeallnavigablewaters,theirtributariesandsomeisolatedwaters,aswellasanyadjacentwetlandstotheaforementionedwaters(33CFR§328.3).

BeforeactionsarecarriedoutthatwouldresultindischargeofdredgeorfillmaterialtowatersoftheU.S.,adelineationofjurisdictionalwatersoftheUnitedStatesisusuallyrequired,followingUSACEprotocols(EnvironmentalLaboratory1987;U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers2008).ThepurposeofthedelineationistodeterminewhethertheareaswheretheseactionswouldtakeplaceencompasswetlandsorotherwatersoftheUnitedStateswhichqualifyforCWAprotection.Theseincludeanyorallofthefollowing:

Areasbelowtheordinaryhighwatermark(OHWM)1ofastream,includingnon‐perennialstreamswithadefinedbedandbankandanystreamchannelthatconveysnaturalrunoff,evenifithasbeenrealigned;and

Seasonalandperennialwetlands,includingcoastalwetlands.

Astreamisalong,narrowbodyofflowingwaterthatoccupiesachannelwithdefinedbedandbank,andmovestolowerelevationsundertheforceofgravity.ThePlanningArea’smodifiedandnaturalchannels,V‐ditches,andotherconveyancechannelsareconsideredstreams,whereascanals,aqueductsorotherwatertransfersystemsarenotconsideredstreams.Aperennialstreamhasflowingwateryear‐roundduringatypicalyear.Thewatertableislocatedabovethestreambedformostoftheyear.Duringthedryseason,groundwaterandurbanrunoffaretheprimarysourcesofwaterforstreamflow.Duringtherainyseason,runofffromrainfallistheprimarysourceofwaterforstreamflow2.SomestreamsinthePlanningAreadonotflowyear‐round,andmaybecategorizedasintermittentorephemeral.Anintermittentstreamhasflowingwaterduringcertaintimesoftheyear,whengroundwater,rainfall,orurbanrunoffprovideswaterforstreamflow.Duringdryperiods,intermittentstreamsmaynothaveflowingwater.Anephemeralstream,ontheotherhand,hasflowingwateronlyduring,andforashortdurationafter,precipitationeventsinatypicalyear.Ephemeralstreambedsarelocatedabovethewatertableyear‐round.Groundwaterisnotasourceofwaterforephemeralstreams;runofffromrainfallistheprimarysourceofwaterforstreamflow.

Wetlandsaredefinedforregulatorypurposesasareas“inundatedorsaturatedbysurfaceorgroundwateratafrequencyanddurationsufficienttosupport,andthatundernormalcircumstancesdosupport,aprevalenceofvegetationtypicallyadaptedforlifeinsaturatedsoilconditions”(33CFR§328.3;40CFR§230.3).

2.2.1.1 Permitting Agencies and Related Regulations

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)hasdelegatedresponsibilitiesforadministeringCWASection404totheUSACE.Therefore,projectproponentsmustobtainapermitfromtheUSACEforalldischargesofdredgedorfillmaterialintowatersoftheUnitedStates,includingwetlands,beforeproceedingwithaproposedactivity.

1Ordinaryhighwatermark(OHWM)isdefinedbyUSACEasthatlineontheshoreestablishedbythefluctuationsofwaterandindicatedbyphysicalcharacteristicssuchasaclear,naturallineimpressedonthebank,shelving,changesinthecharacterofthesoil,destructionofterrestrialvegetation,thepresenceoflitteranddebris,orotherappropriatemeansthatconsiderthecharacteristicsofthesurroundingareas.TheUSACEisthefinalarbitratorindeterminingtheOHWM.2SourceforstreamtypedefinitionsistheJanuary15,2002FederalRegister;CFR§02‐539.



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TheextentofUSACEjurisdictionforwatersoftheUnitedStatesistheOHWMor,ifadjacentwetlandsarepresent,theouterlimitsofthosewetlands.Indeterminingitsjurisdiction,USACEconsidersanumberoffactors,includingexistingconditions,historicalalterations,normalcircumstances,aswellasguidance,policiesandrecentcourtdecisions.

TwotypesofpermitsareissuedundertheCWASection404:generalpermitswhichcovercertainclassesofactivities,andindividualpermitsforactivitiesthatarenotauthorizedunderageneralpermit.Generalpermitsmaybeissuedonanationwide,state,orregionalbasisandexemptcertainactivitiesfromindividualpermitrequirements.Activitiespermittedwithageneralpermithaveminimalindividualorcumulativeadverseimpactsontheenvironment.

Nationalgeneralpermitsarecallednationwidepermits(NWPs).AsofMarch18,2012,50NWPsareavailableforpermittingactivitiessuchasmaintenanceofpreviouslyauthorizedstructures,bankstabilization,andmaintenanceofexistingfloodcontrolfacilities.SomeNWPsrequirethatapre‐constructionnotificationbesubmittedtoUSACEinadvanceoftheproject.NWPsarereviewed,updated,andreissuedbyUSACEeveryfiveyears.Therefore,noactivitymaybepermittedforover5years.

Regionalgeneralpermits(RGPs)aresimilartoNWPsbutmayonlybeusedincertainregions.RGPsareissuedbytheDivisionorDistrictEngineerforactivitiesthatfallwithinspecificparameters.Localagencieswithspecific,identifiedactivitiesthathaveminimalindividualorcumulativeadverseimpactsontheenvironmentmayworkwiththeirUSACEDistricttodevelopaRGPfortheagency’sactivities.RGPs,likeNWPs,aresubjecttoreviewandre‐issuanceevery5years.

IndividualpermitsmaybeissuedforprojectsthatdonotfitwithinthedefinitionofNWPsoralocalRGP.TheyaresimilartoRGPsinthattheymaybedevelopedtoaddressasuiteofactivitiesspecifictoaparticularagencyandgeographicregion.Thepermittermforindividualpermitsisidentifiedasapermitconditionandisnotsubjecttoamandatory5‐yearreviewcycleasareNWPsandRGPs.

UnderSection404(b)(1)oftheCWA,individualpermitsmaybeissuedonlyfortheleastenvironmentallydamagingpracticablealternative.Thatis,authorizationofaproposeddischargeisprohibitedifthereisapracticablealternativethatwouldhavelessadverseimpactsandlacksothersignificantadverseconsequences.

Compensatory Mitigation

IndividualandgeneralpermitsmayincluderequirementsformitigationtoaccountfornegativeimpactstowatersoftheUnitedStatesresultingfromtheactivitiesforwhichthepermitswereissued.OnMarch31,2008theUSACEandEPAissuedaFinalCompensatoryMitigationRule(33CFR§332,40CFR§230)revisingregulationsgoverningcompensatorymitigationforactivitiesauthorizedbypermitsissuedbytheUSACE.Thefinalruleestablishesperformancestandardsandcriteriafortheuseofpermittee‐responsiblecompensatorymitigation,mitigationbanks,andin‐lieuprogramstoimprovethequalityandsuccessofcompensatorymitigationprojectsforactivitiesauthorizedbyDepartmentoftheArmypermits.

Thisruleimprovestheplanning,implementationandmanagementofcompensatorymitigationprojectsbyemphasizingawatershedapproach3inselectingcompensatorymitigationproject

3Theterm“watershedapproach”isaplanningtermusedtodescribeacomprehensiveregionalapproachtoresourceplanningthatconsidersphysicalprocessesandbiologicconditionsastheyrelatetoecosystemfunctionwithinanintegrateddrainage(“watershed”)unit.Thetermisusedheretoimplyanapproachtomitigationthat



2‐4 April 2015

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locations,requiringmeasurable,enforceableecologicalperformancestandardsandregularmonitoringforalltypesofcompensationandspecifyingthecomponentsofacompletecompensatorymitigationplan,includingassurancesoflong‐termprotectionofcompensationsites,financialassurances,andidentificationofthepartiesresponsibleforspecificprojecttasks.

2.2.1.2 SMP Permitting Approach

TheSanFranciscoDistrictoftheUSACEhasjurisdictionalauthorityoverCWASection404intheCityofLivermore.SMPactivitiesincluding,butnotlimitedto,sedimentmanagement,bankstabilization,andotheractivitiesthatresultinadischargeofdredgedorfillmaterialrequirepermitauthorizationunderCWASection404fromtheUSACE.

BasedondiscussionswithUSACE,theCityappliedforanindividualpermittocoverSMPactivitiesthathaveajurisdictionalnexuswithUSACE.TheindividualpermitwillprovideprogrammaticcoverageforSMPmaintenanceactivitiesconductedwithinthePlanningArea.Theindividualpermitwillhavea10‐yearcoverageperiod.Afterreviewoftheinitialpermittingperiod,thepermitwouldbeupdated,includingreinitiatedconsultationswithUSFWSasnecessary,andupdatedRWQCBpermits.

USACEstaffprovideddirectiontotheCityonthepermittingapproachandalsothemethodsanddatacollectionnecessarytosupporttheprogrammaticpermit.Informationsupportingthepermittingprocessincludesawetlanddelineationreport,biologicalassessment,andculturalresourcesinventory.

2.2.2 Section 401—Water Quality Certification

UnderCWASection401,applicantsforafederallicenseorpermittoconductactivitiesthatmayresultinthedischargeofdredgedandfillmaterialsintosurfacewatersoftheUnitedStates(includingwetlands)mustobtainaWaterQualityCertification(orSection401Certification)toensurethatanysuchdischargewillcomplywiththeapplicableprovisionsoftheCWA,includingSections301,302,303,306,and307,andstatewaterqualitystandards.TheWaterQualityCertificationisissuedbythestateinwhichthedischargewouldoriginate;or,ifappropriate,fromtheinterstatewaterpollutioncontrolagencywithjurisdictionoveraffectedwatersatthepointwherethedischargewouldoriginate.Therefore,allprojectsthathaveafederalcomponentandmayaffectstatewaterquality(includingprojectsthatrequirefederalagencyapproval,suchasissuanceofaCWASection404permit)mustalsocomplywithCWASection401.ThegoalofCWASection401istoallowforevaluationofwaterqualitywhenconsideringactivitiesassociatedwithdredgingorplacementoffillmaterialsintowatersoftheUnitedStates.

2.2.2.1 Permitting Agency and Related Regulations

InCalifornia,WaterQualityCertificationsareissuedbytheStateWaterResourcesControlBoard(StateWaterBoard)anditsnineRegionalWaterQualityControlBoards(RegionalBoardsorRWQCBs).EachRegionalBoardisresponsibleforimplementingSection401incompliancewiththeCWAandwitheachRegionalBoard’srespectivewaterqualitycontrolplan(alsoknownasabasin

goesbeyondtheimmediateprojectsitetoconsiderhowresourcescanbestbeprotectedand/orrestoredthroughanintegratedapproachoperatingatthewatershedscale.



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ICF 00337.12

plan).Section2.9belowprovidesmoredetailonthePorter‐CologneWaterQualityControlAct(Porter‐ControlAct),basinplans,andStateWaterBoardregulatoryrequirementsforprojectsoccurringoutsideofwatersoftheU.S.ItisthepolicyoftheRegionalBoardstoprovidepublicnoticeofpendingSection401Certificationactionsinordertogathercommentsfromconcernedagenciesandthepublic.


TheEPAandSanFranciscoBayRWQCB(Region2)havejurisdictionalauthorityoverCWASection401intheCityofLivermoreforwatersoftheU.S.AllmaintenanceactivitiesconductedundertheSMPwithinUSACEjurisdiction(federalnexus)willrequireCWASection401CertificationfromtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB.

TheCityworkedwithrepresentativesfromtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBtodevelopacomplianceapproachforCWASection401andthePorter‐CologneAct.Thecertificationwillhaveafiveyearperiodofcoverage.ThecertificationandSMPwillbereviewedaftertheinitialfiveyearperiodwiththepotentialoptionofafiveyearrenewalofthecertification.TheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBprovidedguidanceanddirectionduringthedevelopmentoftheSMPincludingreviewandcommentonSMPManualdrafts.

2.2.3 Section 402

CWASection402regulatesdischargestosurfacewaters(otherthandredgeorfillmaterial)throughtheNPDES,administeredbytheEPA.TheNPDESprogramprovidesforbothgeneralpermits(thosethatcoveranumberofsimilarorrelatedactivities)andindividualpermitsfordischargestowatersoftheU.S.


InCalifornia,theStateWaterBoardanditsnineRWQCBsareauthorizedbytheEPAtooverseetheNPDESprogram(seetherelateddiscussioninSection2.8,Porter‐CologneWaterQualityControlAct,below).GeneralPermitsareissuedbytheStateWaterBoardandoverseenbytheRWQCBs.TheStateWaterBoardhasissuedgeneralpermitsfordischargesfromconstruction,industrial,andmunicipalactivities.IndividualpermitsareissuedbytheRWQCBs.

Construction Permit

Construction‐relatedstormwaterdischargestowatersoftheUnitedStatesareregulatedundertheStateWaterBoard’sGeneralPermitforDischargesofStormWaterAssociatedwithConstructionActivity(ConstructionGeneralPermit)(CaliforniaStateWaterResourcesControlBoard2001).Projectsdisturbingmorethan1acreoflandduringconstructionarerequiredtofileaNoticeofIntent(NOI)withtheRWQCBinwhichtheactivitywouldoccurinordertobecoveredbytheConstructionGeneralPermitbeforetheonsetofconstruction.ConstructionactivitiesresultinginsoildisturbancesoflessthanoneacrearealsosubjecttotheConstructionGeneralPermitiftheconstructionactivityispartofalargercommonplanofdevelopmentthatencompassesoneormoreacresofsoildisturbance,orifthereissignificantwaterqualityimpairmentfromtheactivity.

TheConstructionGeneralPermitrequiresthepreparationandimplementationofastormwaterpollutionpreventionplan(SWPPP)thatmustbecompletedbeforeconstructionbegins.TheSWPPPmustincludeasitemapandadescriptionofproposedconstructionactivities,alongwitha



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ICF 00337.12

demonstrationofcompliancewithrelevantlocalordinancesandregulationsandanoverviewofBMPsthatwillbeimplementedtopreventsoilerosionanddischargeofotherconstruction‐relatedpollutantsthatcouldcontaminatenearbywaterresources.PermitteesarefurtherrequiredtoconductannualmonitoringandreportingtoensurethatBMPsarecorrectlyimplementedandeffectiveincontrollingthedischargeofstormwater‐relatedpollutants.

Municipal Permits

AspartoftheNPDES,municipalitiesarerequiredtomaintainNPDESpermitsfortheirstormwaterdischarges.Themunicipalities,inturn,requirethatindividualprojectswithintheirjurisdictioncomplywiththerequirementsofthesepermits.

OnOctober14,2009,theSanFranciscoBayRWQCBadoptedOrderNo.R2‐2009‐0074,NPDESNo.CAS612008,prescribingWDRsundertheSanFranciscoBayMunicipalRegionalStormwaterPermitforthedischargeofstormwaterrunofffromthemunicipalseparatestormsewersystems(MS4s).Phase1oftheNPDESstormwaterprogramprovidesNPDESpermitcoverageforlargeormediummunicipalitieswithpopulationsof100,000ormore.Smaller(<100,000population)communitiesandpublicentitiesthatownoroperateanMS4arecoveredunderPhase2oftheNPDESprogram.Phase1permitsareindividualNPDESpermits,whilePhase2permitsarecoveredbyastatewidegeneralNPDESpermit,discussedbelow;therequirementsassociatedwithPhase1aremorestringentthanthoseassociatedwithPhase2.

TheGeneralPermitfortheDischargeofStormWaterfromSmallMunicipalSeparateStormSewerSystemsWQONo.2003‐0005‐DWQ(SmallMS4GeneralPermit),issuedbytheStateWaterBoard,requiresthatdischargersdevelopandimplementaStormwaterManagementProgram(SWMP)thatdescribestheBMPs,measurablegoals,andschedulesofimplementation,aswellasassignsresponsibilityofeachtask.TheSmallMS4GeneralPermitrequiresallpermitteestodevelopandimplementaSWMPdesignedtoreducethedischargeofpollutantsthroughtheirMS4stotheMaximumExtentPracticable(MEP).TheSWMPmustbeavailableforpublicreviewandmustbeapprovedbytheappropriateRWQCBpriortopermitcoveragecommencing.TheGeneralPermitrequirestheSWMPtobefullyimplementedbytheendofthepermitterm.

Alameda Countywide Clean Water Program

TheAlamedaCountywideCleanWaterProgram(ACCWP)wasinitiatedwiththegoalofforgingconsistent,effectivecountywidestrategiestocontrolsourcesofstormwaterpollution.Insupportofthisprogram,theSanFranciscoBayRWQCBhasissuedajointmunicipalstormwaterpermittothe17agenciesandcitiesparticipatingintheACCWP,recentlyreissuedonFebruary19,2003(AlamedaCountywideCleanWaterProgram2003).TheparticipatingentitiesincludeAlamedaCounty;theAlamedaCountyFloodControlDepartmentanditsZone7;andthecitiesofAlameda,Albany,Berkeley,Dublin,Emeryville,Fremont,Hayward,Livermore,Newark,Oakland,Piedmont,Pleasanton,SanLeandro,andUnionCity.TheACCWPisresponsibleforhelpingparticipantentitiesensurethattheyarefulfillingtheirobligationsunderthepermitandforpreparingdetailedreportsthatdescribewhateachentityisdoingtopreventstormwaterpollution.Theprogramcoordinatesitsactivitieswithotherpollutionpreventionprograms,suchaswastewatertreatment,hazardouswastedisposal,andwasterecycling.

TheACCWPhasdevelopedaStormwaterQualityManagementPlan(SWQMP)thatdescribestheprogram’sapproachtoreducingstormwaterpollution.TheSWQMPfor2001–2008servesasthebasisoftheACCWP’sNPDESpermit(AlamedaCountywideCleanWaterProgram2003).The



2‐7 April 2015

ICF 00337.12

proposedProjectiswithintheboundariesaddressedbytheSWQMP.Theplandoesnotregulatedischargerequirements.Rather,theACCWPplanisanadvisorytoolintendedtoassistdischargerswithintheboundariesofthe17participatoryagenciestocomplywithSanFranciscoBayRWQCBregulations.TheplanprovidesdetailsandguidelinesforSanFranciscoBayRWQCBcomplianceforentitiesthatwouldgeneratedischargestowaterbodies.

2.2.3.2 SMP Compliance Approach

SMPmaintenanceactivitiesarecloselylinkedwiththemunicipalNPDESpermitscoveringthePlanningArea.Inmanyways,implementationoftheSWMPsandtheStandardUrbanStormwaterMitigationPlan(SUSMP)directlycontrolthequantityandqualityofstormwaterreceivedinthechannelsmaintainedbytheCity.Inturn,theSMPManualfunctionstoensurecompliancewithNPDESpermitsthroughenhancementofriparianandin‐channelfeaturesthatarebeneficialforfiltrationofstormrunofftoimprovewaterquality.Additionally,SMPmaintenanceactivitieswouldcontinuetoincludetrashanddebrisclearing,asidentifiedintheSWMP.OverallcompliancewithCWASection402fortheSMP,totheextentthatitisnecessary,willbeachievedincombinationwithcompliancewiththePorter‐CologneAct,describedbelow.

2.2.4 Regulations for the Use of Pesticides and Herbicides

2.2.4.1 NPDES General Permit

TheStatewideGeneralNationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystemPermitfortheDischargeofAquaticPesticidesforAquaticWeedControlinWatersoftheUnitedStates(GeneralPermitNo.CAG990005)(GeneralPermit)wasissuedbytheStateWaterBoardin2004(modifiedJune7,2006).ThisNPDESGeneralPermitcoversapplicationofthefollowingsubstancesforthespecificpurposeofcontrollingaquaticweedgrowthinsurfacewaters:2,4‐D,acrolein,copper‐basedpesticides,diquat,endothall,fluridone,glyphosate,imazapyr,sodiumcarbonateperoxyhydrate,andtriclopyr‐basedcompounds.CoverageunderthisgeneralpermitisrequiredforuseofthesepesticidesdirectlyinwatersoftheU.S.

KeyrequirementsoftheGeneralPermitincludethefollowing:

CompliancewiththerequirementsofCaliforniaToxicsRule(40CFR§131)andthestate’sPolicyforImplementationofToxicsStandardsforInlandSurfaceWaters,EnclosedBays,andEstuariesofCalifornia(StateWaterResourcesControlBoard2005).

Compliancewithotherapplicablereceivingwaterlimitationsandwitheffluentlimitations.

ThepermitteemustbelicensedbytheCaliforniaDepartmentofPesticideRegulation(DPR)orworkunderthesupervisionofsomeonewhoislicensediftheaquaticpesticideisconsideredarestrictedmaterial.

Preparationof,andadherenceto,anAquaticPesticideApplicationPlan.

Compliancewithspecificmonitoringandreportingrequirementsofthepermit.

Adherencetoalllabelinstructionsandtermsofanyapplicableusepermits.

MaintenanceofaPesticideApplicationLog.

CompliancewithPublicNoticeRequirements.



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ToobtaincoverageunderthisGeneralPermit,adischargermustsubmitacompletedNOI,avicinitymap,andthefirstannualfeetotheappropriateRWQCB.Theseitemsconstituteacompleteapplicationpackage,thesubmittalofwhichauthorizesthedischargeofpollutantsassociatedwiththeapplicationofaquaticpesticidesincompliancewiththeGeneralPermit.

2.2.4.2 Stipulated Injunction Regarding Pesticides and the California Red‐Legged Frog

OnOctober20,2006,theFederalDistrictCourtfortheNorthernDistrictofCaliforniaissuedaStipulatedInjunctionregardingalawsuitbroughtagainstEPAbytheCenterforBiologicalDiversity.TheCourtagreedthattheEPAfailedtocomplywithSection7(a)(2)oftheESAbynotensuringthatitsregistrationof66namedpesticideactiveingredientswillnotaffecttheCaliforniared‐leggedfrog.

TermsoftheStipulatedInjunctionrequiretheEPAtomakedeterminationsonthepotentialeffectsof66namedpesticidesonCaliforniared‐leggedfrog.TheinjunctionalsoestablishesbufferareasaroundcertainhabitatsoftheCaliforniared‐leggedfrog,anddisallowsuseofcertainpesticideswithinthosehabitatsandbufferzones.Theinjunctionaddressespesticideuseonlyinandwithin400feetofcertaingeographicareasdesignatedbytheUSFWSascriticalhabitat,andspecifiednon‐criticalhabitat‘sections’.Sectionsaredefinedone‐squaremileareasofland,basedontheMeridian‐Township‐Range‐Sectiongeographicsystem.TheUSFWShabitatareasidentifiedintheCityofLivermoreincludeallofthecreekandchannelareaswheremaintenanceisproposedundertheSMP.

TheInjunctionallowsareducedbufferforlocalizedspottreatmentsusinghandhelddevicesonrights‐of‐way,roadsides,pastures,lawns,orinforestsandindividualtreeremovalusingcutstumpapplication.TheInjunctionprohibitsuseoflistedpesticideswithin60feetofaquaticbreedingornon‐breedingaquaticcriticalhabitatorwithin60feetofaquaticfeatureswithinthenon‐criticalhabitatsectionssubjecttotheInjunction.

TheInjunctiondoesnotapplytoproposedpesticideuseifallofthefollowingconditionsaremet:

thepesticideisappliedforthepurposeofcontrollingstate‐designatedinvasivespeciesandnoxiousweedsunderaprogramadministeredbyapublicentity;and

thepesticideisnotappliedwithin15feetofaquaticbreedingcriticalhabitatornon‐breedingaquaticcriticalhabitat,orwithin15feetofaquaticfeatureswithinnoncriticalhabitatsectionssubjecttotheinjunction;and

applicationislimitedtolocalizedspottreatmentusinghand‐helddevices;and

precipitationisnotoccurringorforecasttooccurwithin24hours;and

thepesticideisappliedbyacertifiedapplicatororworkingunderthedirectsupervisionofacertifiedapplicator;and

ifusing2,4‐Dortriclopyr,onlytheamineformulationsareused.

2.2.4.3 SMP Actions and Compliance Approach

SMPmaintenanceactivitieswouldinvolvetheuseofpesticides/herbicidesforweedcontrolonaccessroadsandoncuttreestumps.TheCitycomplieswithallapplicationregulations,includingtheFederalInsecticideandFungicideAct,andallCitypesticideapplicatorsarecertifiedbythestate.TheCitymayapplyAquaMaster®,whichcontainsglyphosateastheactiveingredient,toaccessroadsalongCity‐maintainedchannels.Aspartoftreeremovalactivitieswithinmaintenancechannels,



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AquaMaster®isappliedprimarilyoncutwillowstumpsbyhand.TheSMPdoesnotincludeapplicationofpesticidesdirectlytowaterbodies.

CoverageundertheNPDESGeneralPermitisnotrequiredbecausepesticideswouldnotbeapplieddirectlytowaterundertheSMP.

Asdescribedabove,court‐orderedbuffershavebeenestablishedtoprotectCaliforniaredleggedfroghabitat.IntheSMPPlanningArea,thesebufferswouldapplyintheapplicationofAquaMaster®tomaintenanceroadsandcuttreestumps.

2.2.5 Section 303[d]—Impaired Water Bodies and Total Maximum Daily Loads

UnderCWASection303[d],statesarerequiredtoidentify“impairedwaterbodies,”(thatdonotmeetestablishedwaterqualitystandards),identifythepollutantscausingtheimpairment,establishpriorityrankingsforwatersonthelist,anddevelopaschedulefordevelopmentofcontrolplanstoimprovewaterquality.FollowinglistingtheEPAthenapprovesthestate’srecommendedlistofimpairedwaters.TheEPAcanalsoremoveoraddwaterbodiestothelist.TheSection303[d]ListmustbeupdatedeverytwoyearsbyeachRegionalBoard.Waterbodiesonthelisthavenofurtherassimilativecapacityfortheidentifiedpollutant,andtheSection303[d]Listidentifiesprioritiesfordevelopmentofpollutioncontrolplansforeachlistedwaterbodyandpollutant.

ThepollutioncontrolplanstriggeredbytheCWASection303[d]ListarecalledTotalMaximumDailyLoads(TMDLs).TheTMDLisa“pollutionbudget”designedtorestorethehealthofapollutedbodyofwater.TheTMDLprocessprovidesaquantitativeassessmentofwaterqualityproblems,pollutantsources,andpollutantloadreductionsorcontrolactionsneededtorestoreandprotectthebeneficialusesoftheimpairedwaterbody.Morespecifically,aTMDLisdefinedasthesumoftheindividualwasteloadallocationsforpointsources,loadallocationsfornon‐pointsources,andnaturalbackgroundsourcessuchthatthecapacityofthewaterbodytoassimilatepollutantloading(theloadingcapacity)isnotexceeded(40CFR§130.2).Inotherwords,aTMDLisacalculationofthemaximumamountofapollutantthatawaterbodycanreceiveandstillmeetwaterqualitystandards,thusensuringtheprotectionofbeneficialuses.Thiscalculationalsoincludesamarginofsafetyandconsiderationofseasonalvariations.TheTMDLalsocontainsthetargetreductionsneededtomeetwaterqualitystandardsandallocatesthosereductionsamongthepollutantsourcesinthewatershed.


CWASection303isoverseenbytheEPAandadministeredbytheStateWaterBoardanditsnineRWQCBs.OnceaTMDLisdevelopedandapprovedbytheRWQCB,StateWaterBoard,andEPA,theimplementationplan(ifincludedintheTMDL)canbeenacted.TheTMDLimplementationplanincludespollutionprevention,control,andrestorationactions;responsibleparties;andschedulesnecessarytoattainwaterqualitystandards.Theimplementationplanalsoidentifiesenforceablemeasures(e.g.,prohibition)andtriggersforRegionalBoardaction(e.g.,performancestandards).OnemethodofTMDLenforcementutilizedbytheStateandRegionalBoardsistorequireresponsiblepartiestocomplywithpollutioncontrolactionsapartofpermitsissuedundertheNPDESProgram(seetheCWASection402discussion).IfaNPDESpermitsignatory,orthirdpartycoveredunderasignatory,isfoundtobeoutofcompliancewiththepermitrequirements,includingTMDLcompliancerequirements,penaltiesmaybeassessedbythesignatory(inthecaseofthird



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partylapses)orbythestateinacasewhereasignatoryisoutofcompliance(asdeterminedbyEPA).Atthestatelevel,onceaTMDLisincorporatedintotheRWQCB’sBasinPlanasanamendment,thePorter‐CologneActauthorizestheagencytoissueWDRstoresponsiblepartiesnamedintheTMDL.WDRs,whetherissuedunderCWAorPorter‐CologneActauthority,mayincludeimplementationofBMPstomeetperformancestandards.

2.2.5.2 SMP Compliance Approach

Thecurrent(i.e.,enforceable)Section303[d]ListwasapprovedbytheEPAin2011andisreferredtoasthe2010Section303[d]List.ImpairedwaterbodiesintheSMPareaincludedinthe2010listareshowninTable2‐1.TMDLsthathavebeenadoptedandareunderdevelopmentarelistedinTable2‐2.AwaterqualityattainmentstrategyandTMDLtoaddresstheArroyoLasPositasdiazinonimpairmentwascompletedinMarch2004bytheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB.

TheSMPManualisbeingdevelopedtoprotectthebeneficialusesidentifiedinthebasinplanandespeciallythosewhicharecurrentlylistedasimpairedonthe303[d]list.TheSMPincludesmanyBMPstopreventreleaseofpollutants,includingthosesequesteredinchannelsedimentsduringandaftermaintenanceactivities.TheseBMPswillensurethatmaintenanceactivitiesdonotcontributetoexistingimpairmentswithinthePlanningArea.ThepracticesandapproachesdevelopedfortheSMPconsideredexistingandforthcomingTMDLs.TheSMPisanticipatedtobeconsistentwithanyTMDLupdatesmadeduringthepermittermoftheSMP.

2.3 Federal Endangered Species Act TheESAwasenactedin1973toprotectplantandwildlifespeciesdeterminedbyUSFWSortheNationalMarineFisheriesService(NMFS)tobeatriskofextinction.SpeciesareprotectedthroughlistingundertheESAaseitherthreatenedorendangered.Anendangeredspeciesisatriskofextinctionthroughoutallorasignificantportionofitsrange(ESASection3[6]).Athreatenedspeciesislikelytobecomeendangeredwithintheforeseeablefuture(ESASection3[19]).SpeciesprotectedundertheESAareoftenreferredtoas“federallylisted.”Table2‐3listsspecialstatusplantsandwildlifethatarerecognizedbyfederalandstateagenciesasthreatened,endangered,orspeciesofconcernandareknowntooccurormayoccurwithincreeksandchannelsinthePlanningArea.ThespeciesinTable2‐3werealsoaddressedinEACCSandtheterm“focalspecies”wasapplied.Tomaintainconsistencyofapproach,thespecialstatusplantsandwildlifeaddressedinthisSMParealsoidentifiedasfocalspecies.EACCSisdiscussedbelowinSection2.14.1.

ESASection9prohibitsthetakeofanyfishorwildlifespecieslistedundertheESAasendangered.TakeofthreatenedspeciesisalsoprohibitedunderESASection9unlessotherwiseauthorizedbyfederalregulations.4Take,asdefinedbytheESA,means“toharass,harm,pursue,hunt,shoot,wound,kill,trap,capture,orcollect,ortoattempttoengageinanysuchconduct.”Harmisdefinedas“anyactthatkillsorinjuresthespecies,includingsignificanthabitatmodification.”Inaddition,ESASection9prohibitsthe“removalorreductiontopossession”ofanylistedplantspecies“underfederaljurisdiction”(i.e.,onfederalland,wherefederalfundingisprovided,orwherefederalauthorizationisrequired).

4Insomecases,exceptionsmaybemadeforthreatenedspeciesunderESASection4[d];insuchcases,theUSFWSorNMFSissuesa“4[d]rule”describingprotectionsforthethreatenedspeciesandspecifyingthecircumstancesunderwhichtakeisallowed.



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TheESAincludesthreemechanismsthatprovideexceptionstotheESASection9takeprohibitions:ESASection7consultation,ESASection10,andissuingESASection4(d)rules.ESASection7consultationallowsfortakecoverageoffederalactions.ThiswillbethemechanismbywhichincidentaltakecoverageisobtainedforimplementationofSMPactivitiesandisdiscussedingreaterdetailbelow.Foractivitiesconductedoutsideoffederaljurisdiction,ESASection10(a)(1)(A)providesscientific(researchandmonitoring)andenhancementofsurvivalpermits,andSafeHarborAgreements,andESASection10(a)(1)(B)providesincidentaltakepermits.ESASection10(a)(2)(A)requiresthatbeforetheregulatingagencycangrantanESA10(a)(1)(B)permitforincidentaltake,theapplicantmustsubmitaconservationplan.

BecausetheAgencyanticipatesobtainingincidentaltakeauthorizationthroughSection7oftheESA,itdoesnotanticipatetheneedtodevelopahabitatconservationplanfortheSMP.Therefore,ESASection10isnotdiscussedinadditionaldetailinthisSMPManual.ESASection4(d)allowstheSecretary(Commerceand/ortheInterior)todefinerulesthatplacelimitsonthetakeprohibitionsidentifiedinSection9(a)(1)(B)and9(a)(1)(C)oftheESAforspeciesfederallylistedas“threatened.”

2.3.1 Section 7—ESA Authorization for Federal Actions

ESASection7providesameansforauthorizingtakeofthreatenedandendangeredspeciesbyfederalagenciesundercertaincircumstances.Itappliestoactionsthatareconducted,permitted,orfundedbyafederalagency.UnderESASection7,thefederalagencyconducting,funding,orpermittinganaction(theleadagency)mustconsultwithUSFWSorNMFS,asappropriate,toensurethattheproposedactionwillnotjeopardizeendangeredorthreatenedspeciesordestroyoradverselymodifydesignatedcriticalhabitat5.Ifaproposedproject“mayaffect”alistedspeciesordesignatedcriticalhabitat,theleadagencyisrequiredtoprepareabiologicalassessment(BA)evaluatingthenatureandseverityoftheexpectedeffect.Inresponse,USFWSorNMFSissuesaBiologicalOpinion(BO)withadeterminationthattheproposedactioneither:

mayjeopardizethecontinuedexistenceofoneormorelistedspecies(jeopardyfinding)orresultinthedestructionoradversemodificationofcriticalhabitat(adversemodificationfinding),or

willnotjeopardizethecontinuedexistenceofanylistedspecies(nojeopardyfinding)orresultinadversemodificationofcriticalhabitat(noadversemodificationfinding).


TheESAisadministeredbytheUSFWSandNMFS.Ingeneral,NMFSisresponsibleforprotectionofESA‐listedmarinespeciesandanadromousfisheswhileotherlistedspeciesareprotectedunderUSFWSjurisdiction.Asdescribedabove,USFWSand/orNMFSareengagedintheconsultationprocessbytheleadfederalagency,oftentheUSACE,andreleaseofafinalbiologicalopinion(BO)representstheconclusionoftheconsultation.

IntheCityofLivermore,Region8(California,Nevada,andKlamathBasin)oftheUSFWSandtheNMFSSouthwestRegionalOfficeareresponsiblefortakeauthorizationsundertheESA.These

5Criticalhabitatisdefinedasspecificgeographicareas,whetheroccupiedbylistedspeciesornot,thataredeterminedtobeessentialfortheconservationandmanagementoflistedspecies,andthathavebeenformallydescribedintheFederalRegister.



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agenciesevaluateproposedactions,reviewBAs,andissueBOsinsupportoffederalpermittingactivities.

IntheSMPPlanningArea,USFWShasparticipatedinthedevelopmentoftheEACCS(ICFInternational2010)toprovideprotectionandmanagementofcertainlistedspeciesinthisarea.OnMay31,2012,USFWSissuedaProgrammaticBiologicalOpinionforU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineersPermittedProjectsUtilizingtheEastAlamedaCountyConservationStrategythatMayAffectFederallyListedSpeciesinEastAlamedaCounty,CA(USACEFileNo.2011‐00230S).ThesedocumentswereconsideredindevelopmentoftheSMPManualandtheprogram’sSection7complianceapproach.EACCSisdescribedbelowinSection2.14.1.


InaccordancewithissuanceofaCWASection404permitbytheUSACEforSMPactivities,ESASection7consultationwiththeUSFWSisrequired.Thus,abiologicalassessment(BA)willbepreparedtoaddresstheentireSMPAreaandalllistedspeciesanddesignatedcriticalhabitatunderjurisdictionoftheUSFWS(Table2‐3).ThisBAwillincorporatetheguidanceandapproachesrecommendedintheEACCSthatarerelevantforSMPactivities.Pendingreview,theUSFWSwillthenissueaseparateprogrammaticBOfortheSMP.Duringannualworkplandevelopment,theCitywillsubmitafocusedBAtotheUSACEwitharequesttoappendtheSMPprogrammaticBO.TheUSACEwillsendtherequesttotheUSFWS.Followingtheirreview,andifappropriate,theUSFWSwillappendannualprojectstotheprogrammaticBOandissuea“mini”BOfortheyear’sprojects.

ConsultationwithNMFSunderESASection7isnotneededatthistimefortheSMPbecausenoneoftheCity‐maintainedcreeksandchannelscurrentlysupportsalmonidsduetodownstreampassagebarriers.Inthefuture,NMFSwillbeconsultedshoulddownstreamfishbarriersinanyofthecreeksandchannelsberemoved.TheCityanticipatesthatthisSMPmanualwouldbeupdatedatthattimetocomplywiththetermsandconditionsofaNMFSissuedBO.

2.4 Migratory Bird Treaty Act TheMigratoryBirdTreatyAct(MBTA)(16U.S.Code[USC]§703–‐712),administeredbytheUSFWS,implementsfourtreatiesbetweentheUnitedStatesandCanada,Mexico,JapanandRussia,respectively,tomanageandconservemigratorybirdsthatcrossnationalborders.TheMBTAmakesitunlawfulinanymanner,unlessexpresslyauthorizedbypermitpursuanttofederalregulations,topursue,hunt,take,capture,kill,attempttotake,captureorkill,possess,offerforsale,sell,offertobarter,barter,offertopurchase,purchase,deliverforshipment,ship,export,import,causetobeshipped,exported,orimported,deliverfortransportation,transportorcausetobetransported,carryorcausetobecarried,orreceiveforshipment,transportation,carriage,orexportatanytime,orinanymanner,anymigratorybird,oranypart,nest,oreggofanysuchbird.Thedefinitionof“take”isdefinedasanyactto“pursue,hunt,shoot,wound,kill,trap,captureorcollect,orattempttopursue,hunt,shoot,wound,kill,trap,captureorcollect.”Thisincludesmostactions,directandindirect,thatcouldresultin“take”orpossession,whetheritistemporaryorpermanent,ofanyprotectedspecies.AlthoughharassmentandhabitatmodificationdonotconstituteatakeinthemselvesundertheMBTAortheCaliforniaFishandGameCode,suchactionsthatresultindirectlossofbirds,nestsoreggsincludingnestabandonmentorfailureareconsideredtakeundersuchregulations.AlistofmigratorybirdsprotectedundertheMBTA,availableinof50CFR§10.13,excludesnonnativespeciesthathavenotbeenintroducedintotheU.S.oritsterritories,andspecies



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thatbelongtothefamiliesnotlistedinanyofthefourtreatiesunderlyingtheMBTA,suchaswrentit(Chamaeafasciata),Europeanstarling(Sturnusvulgaris),Californiaquail(Callipeplacalifornica),Ring‐neckedPheasant(Phasianuscolchicus)andChukar(Alectorischukar),amongotherspecieslesscommoninCalifornia.

OnDecember8,2004theU.S.CongresspassedtheMigratoryBirdTreatyReformAct(DivisionE,TitleI,Section143oftheConsolidatedAppropriationsAct,2005,PL108–447;MBTRA),whichexcludesallmigratorybirdsthatarenonnativeorhavebeenhumanintroducedtotheU.S.oritsterritories.ItdefinesanativemigratorybirdasaspeciespresentwithintheU.S.anditsterritoriesasaresultofnaturalbiologicalorecologicalprocesses.TheUSFWSpublishedalistofthebirdspeciesexcludedfromtheMBTAonMarch15,2005(70FederalRegister[FR]12710),whichincludedtwospeciescommonlyobservedintheU.S.,therockpigeon(Columbalivia)anddomesticgoose(Anseranser‘domesticus’).

2.4.1 Permitting Agency and Related Regulations

TheMBTAisadministeredbytheUSFWS.USFWSsetsseasonsandbaglimitsforhuntedspeciesandprotectsmigratorybirds,theiroccupiednests,andtheireggs(16USC§703;50CFR§21;50CFR§10).MostactionsthatresultintakingorinpermanentortemporarypossessionofaprotectedspeciesconstituteviolationsoftheMBTA.

2.4.2 SMP Compliance Approach

SMPactivities,suchasvegetationmanagement,mayrequiretheremovaloftreesorsnagswheremigratorybirdsarenesting.CompliancewiththisregulationwillbemetthroughtheimplementationofbirdhabitatavoidancemeasuresandBMPsduringprogramactivitiessothattakeofmigratorybirdsisavoided.ThesemeasuresarediscussedinChapter7.

2.5 National Historic Preservation Act Section106oftheNationalHistoricPreservationAct(NHPA)of1966,asamended,requiresfederalagencies(oragenciestowhichtheyprovidefundingorissuepermits)totakeintoaccounttheeffectsoftheiractionsonculturalresources,includinghistoricpropertiesandhistoricandprehistoricarchaeologicalsites.Inaddition,NHPASection106requiresleadagenciesto:

providereviewandcommentopportunitiesonactionsthatmayaffectculturalresourcestotheAdvisoryCouncilonHistoricPreservation(anindependentfederalagencyresponsibleforadvisingthepresidentandCongressonhistoricpreservation),andto

coordinatewiththeStateHistoricPreservationOfficer(SHPO)inthestatewheretheproposedactionwilltakeplace.

FederalreviewofprojectsisnormallyreferredtoastheSection106process.TheSection106reviewprocessnormallyinvolvesthefollowingfour‐stepproceduredescribedindetailintheimplementingregulations(36CFR§800):

identifyandevaluatehistoricpropertiesinconsultationwiththeSHPOandinterestedparties;

assesstheeffectsoftheundertakingonpropertiesthatareeligibleforinclusionintheNRHP;



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consultwiththeSHPO,otheragencies,andinterestedpartiestodevelopanagreementthataddressesthetreatmentofhistoricpropertiesandnotifytheAdvisoryCouncilonHistoricPreservation;and

proceedwiththeprojectaccordingtotheconditionsoftheagreement.


TheSHPOhasjurisdictionalauthorityoverNHPASection106inCalifornia.Anyfederalaction,suchasissuanceofprojectpermits,mustgainapprovalbytheSHPOforcompliancewithNHPASection106.CompliancewithNHPASection106maybemetthroughthedevelopmentofaProgrammaticAgreement,aMemorandumofAgreement,oraproject‐byprojectevaluation.Complianceundereachpathwaygenerallyinvolvescompletionofaculturalresourcesinventory,evaluationofresources,andimplementationofavoidanceandmitigationmeasuresforprojectsthatmayhaveanimpactonculturalresources.


Allearth‐movingactivities,suchasbankstabilizationandsedimentremovalprojects,conductedundertheSMPwithinUSACEjurisdiction(federalnexus)willrequirecompliancewithNHPASection106.Assuch,theCitywillsubmitareportdocumentingculturalresources,includinghistoricpropertiesandhistoricandprehistoricarchaeologicalsites,intheSMPareatotheUSACEforuseinconsultingwiththeSHPO.

CompliancewiththeNHPASection106willbemetthroughtheimplementationofavoidancemeasuresandBMPsduringimplementationofSMPactivitiessothatharmtoculturalresourcesisavoided.ItisanticipatedthatSection106compliancefortheSMPwillbeobtainedannuallyonaproject‐levelbasisastheSMPisimplemented.

2.6 National Environmental Policy Act NEPArequiresfederalagenciestoincludeintheirdecision‐makingprocessappropriateandcarefulconsiderationofallenvironmentaleffectsofaproposedactionandofpossiblealternatives.Documentationoftheenvironmentalimpactanalysisandeffortstoavoidorminimizetheadverseeffectsofproposedactionsmustbemadeavailableforpublicnoticeandreview.Thisanalysisisdocumentedineitheranenvironmentalassessment(EA)oranenvironmentalimpactstatement(EIS).Projectproponentsmustdiscloseinthesedocumentswhethertheirproposedactionwilladverselyaffectthehumanornaturalenvironment.NEPA’srequirementsareprimarilyproceduralratherthansubstantiveinthatNEPArequiresdisclosureofenvironmentaleffectsandmitigationpossibilitiesbutincludesnorequirementtomitigate.

2.6.1 Lead Agency

TheissuancebytheUSACEofaCWASection404individualpermitconstitutesafederalaction.Therefore,theUSACEmustcomplywithNEPA.TheUSACEwouldbetheleadagencyundertakingNEPAcompliance.TheUSACEmayconductNEPAcomplianceunderitsownpurview,oritmayutilizeanenvironmentalassessmentorenvironmentalimpactstatementprovidedindraftformbytheentityrequestingthepermit.



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BecauseanindividualpermitwillbedevelopedaspartoftheprogrammaticpermittingoftheSMP,NEPAcompliancewillberequiredaspartofthefederalactionoftheUSACE.NEPAcomplianceledbytheUSACEwillmeetenvironmentalcompliancerequirementsforpermittingactionsconductedbyallfederalagenciesgrantingpermitsfortheSMP,providedthattheprojectdescriptionisthesameforallissuedpermits(i.e.,separateNEPAdocumentsarenotrequiredtoaddressUSACEorUSFWSpermits).TheSMPManualwillprovidethebasisfordevelopingtheprojectdescriptionforNEPAcompliance.

2.7 Federal Regulation of Floodplains CongresspassedtheNationalFloodInsuranceActof1968andtheFloodDisasterProtectionActof1973tomanagecostsandimproveprecautionsforemergencyfloodinganddisasterrelief.Theintentoftheseactswastoreducetheneedforlarge,publiclyfundedfloodcontrolstructuresanddisasterreliefbyrestrictingdevelopmentonfloodplains.

TheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)administerstheNationalFloodInsuranceProgram(NFIP)toprovidesubsidizedfloodinsurancetocommunitiesthatcomplywithFEMAregulationslimitingdevelopmentinfloodplains.Akeyrequirementistheadoptionofalocalfloodplainmanagementordinancerestrictingdevelopmentwithinthemappedfloodplain.FEMAissuesfloodinsuranceratemaps(FIRMs)forcommunitiesparticipatingintheNFIP.TheCityofLivermoreenteredtheNFIPin1978.TheeffectiveFIRMsfortheCityofLivermorearedatedAugust9,2009.Thesemapsdelineatefloodhazardzonesinthecommunity.ThelocationsofknownfloodingareasinLivermore,includingareasidentifiedbyFEMA,areillustratedinFigure3‐6.

ExecutiveOrder11988(FloodplainManagement)addressesfloodplainissuesrelatedtopublicsafety,conservation,andeconomics.Itgenerallyrequiresfederalagenciesconstructing,funding,orpermittingprojectsinafloodplainto:

avoidincompatiblefloodplaindevelopment,

beconsistentwiththestandardsandcriteriaoftheNFIP,and

restoreandpreservenaturalandbeneficialfloodplainvalues.

TheCityFloodplainManagerrepresentsFEMAaslocaladministratoroftheNFIPwithintheCityPlanningArea;includingreviewofdevelopmentproposals,buildingpermits,andLettersofMapChange.

2.7.1 SMP Relevance

TheprimaryobjectiveofthemaintenanceactivitiesoftheSMPistoreducethepotentialforfloodingassociatedwiththecreeksandchannelswithintheCity’sPlanningArea.Thecumulativeresultofthesedimentremoval,bankstabilization,vegetationmanagement,andotheractivitiesdescribedinthismanualistolessenthefloodhazard.



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2.8 Porter‐Cologne Water Quality Control Act ThePorter‐CologneActwaspassedin1969andtogetherwiththeCWA,providesregulatoryguidancetoprotectwaterqualityandwaterresources.ThePorter‐CologneActestablishedtheStateWaterBoardanddividedCaliforniaintonineregions,eachoverseenbyanRWQCB.ThePorter‐CologneActestablishedregulatoryauthorityover“watersofthestate,”whicharedefinedas“anysurfacewaterorgroundwater,includingsalinewaters,withintheboundariesofthestate”(CaliforniaWaterCode,Division7,§13050).Morespecifically,theStateWaterBoardanditsnineRWQCBshavejurisdictionoverthebedandbanksofastreamchannel,itsripariancorridor,anditsbeneficialuses.

ThePorter‐CologneActalsoassignsresponsibilityforimplementingCWASections303,401,and402totheStateWaterBoardandRWQCBs.UnderSection303,theRWQCBs,inconjunctionwithEPA,areresponsiblefordevelopingandimplementingTMDLstoaddresswaterqualityimpairments.

ThePorter‐CologneActrequiresthedevelopmentandperiodicreviewofwaterqualitycontrolplans(BasinPlans)fortheprotectionofwaterqualityineachofthestate’snineregions.ABasinPlanisuniquetoeachregionandmustidentifybeneficialuses,establishwaterqualityobjectivesforthereasonableprotectionofthebeneficialuses,andestablishaprogramofimplementationforachievingthewaterqualityobjectives.Toensurecurrency,BasinPlansmustbeupdatedevery3years.TheBasinPlansmustalsocomplywithSection303ofthefederalCWA,whichrequiresstatestoestablishtheirownwaterqualitystandards.BasinPlansprovidethetechnicalbasisfortheRWQCBstodeterminewastedischargerequirements,takeenforcementactions,andevaluategrantproposals.

AsdescribedaboveinthediscussionofCWASection401,regulatorycomplianceforprojectsoccurringwithinwatersoftheU.S.ismetthroughaWaterQualityCertificationgrantedbytheRWQCBs.ForprojectsoccurringwithinPorter‐CologneActjurisdiction(i.e.,Statejurisdiction)butoutsideofwatersoftheU.S.(instreamsthisistheareaabovetheOHWM,or“isolated”waterssuchaswetlands),aWDRorWaiverofWDRisrequired.WDRsareissuedbytheRWQCBthathasjurisdictionovertheregioninwhichtheprojectoccurs.


TheStateWaterBoardistheprimarystateagencyresponsibleforprotectingthequalityofthestate’ssurfaceandgroundwatersupplies,butmuchofitsdailyimplementationauthorityisdelegatedtothenineRWQCBs.Ingeneral,theStateWaterBoardmanageswaterrightsandregulatesstatewidewaterquality,whiletheRWQCBsfocusonwaterqualitywithintheirrespectiveregions.Forprojectsthatcrossmorethanoneregion,theStateWaterBoardisresponsibleforoverseeingwaterqualityprotection.

Asdiscussedabove,eachRegionalBoardisrequiredtodevelopaBasinPlantoguidemanagementandprotectionofresources.However,eachregionmayalsodevelopandimplementitsownpoliciesbeyondwhatisrequiredbythestate.Additionally,incompliancewithCWASection303,theRWQCBsidentifywaterbodieswhosebeneficialusesareimpairedbypollutantsanddevelopTMDLstorestorethosebeneficialuses.ThisprocessisdescribedaboveunderCWASection303.



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2.8.1.1 San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board

TheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBischargedwithmaintainingthebeneficialusesofwatersofthestateintheSanFranciscoBayRegion,aspresentedintheSanFranciscoBayBasinWaterQualityControlPlan(BasinPlan),whichistheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB'smasterwaterqualitycontrolplanningdocument(availableonline).

Water Quality Objectives for Use in Designing and Implementing Projects with Impacts to Creeks or Wetlands

Toassistprojectproponentsindesigningprojectsinamannerthatavoidsand/orminimizesimpactstowatersoftheState,theSanFranciscoBayRWQCBhasdevelopedatechnicalreferencecircular(Circular)thatprovidesguidanceforapplicantsonhowtodesignprojectsthatprotectandrestorestreamandwetlandsystemfunctions.ProjectproponentsareencouragedtoconsultthisCircular(availableonline)whendevelopingprojectswithpotentialimpactstocreeksorwetlands.TheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBintendstoperiodicallyreviseandupdatethisCirculartotakeadvantageofemergingscienceandmanagementpractices.

Projectsthatimpactcreeksorwetlandsshouldstrivetoachievethreewaterqualityobjectives—WatershedHydrology,StreamDynamicEquilibrium,andStreamandWetlandSystemHabitatIntegrity.

Watershed Hydrology

Thehydrologicconnectivitybetweenheadwatersandestuary,surfacewaterandgroundwater,andlandscape,floodplain,andstreamchannelshouldbeprotectedtoproducethepatternandrangeofflowsnecessarytosupportbeneficialusesidentifiedintheBasinPlanandafunctionalecosystem.

Stream Dynamic Equilibrium

Streamattributes,includinghydrologicandsedimentregimes,vegetationcommunities,channelforms,slopes,andfloodplainareas,shouldbeprotectedinamannersoasnottoarrestnaturalhydrogeomorphicprocessesnoraccelerateanimbalanceresultinginexcessiveerosionordepositionofsediment,causenuisance,orotherwiseadverselyaffectbeneficialuses.Watershedprocessescontributetoadynamicbalanceovertimebetweensedimentloadsandsurfacewaterflowswhichproducecomplex,fluctuating,andresilientsystems.

Stream and Wetland System Habitat Integrity

Streamandwetlandsystemhabitatsshouldbemaintainedbyprotectingthetype,amount,andcomplexityofwetlandandriparianvegetation,theextentofriparianareas,andthesubstratecharacteristicsnecessarytosupportaquaticlife.

Achievementofthesewaterqualityobjectivesprotectsandrestoresthephysicalintegrityandassociatedfunctionalityofstreamandwetlandsystems,whichincludeperennial,intermittent,andephemeralstreamsandwetlandsandtheirassociatedriparianareas.Thefollowingfourprinciplesshouldbeusedindevelopingprojects,inordertoachievethewaterqualityobjectives:

1. WaterQualityFunctionsandLandUse:FunctioningstreamandwetlandsystemsprovideawiderangeofwaterqualitybenefitsthatsupportthebeneficialusesidentifiedintheBasinPlan.Manylanduseactivitieshavethepotentialtosubstantiallydegradewaterqualityfunctionsof



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streamandwetlandsystems.Therefore,projectproponentsshouldrecognizetheintrinsicconnectionsbetweenlanduseactivitiesandthestructures,processes,andfunctionsofstreamandwetlandsystems.

2. NoNetLoss:Streamandwetlandsystemareas,functions,andbeneficialusesintheRegionhavebeensubstantiallydegradedfromhistoriclevelsasaresultofhumanactivities.Therefore,theremainingresourcesareespeciallyvaluable.ProjectsandassociatedmitigationmeasuresshouldbeconsistentwiththeCaliforniaWetlandsConservationPolicy(NoNetLossPolicy,ExecutiveOrderW‐59‐93)toensurenonetlossandachievealong‐termnetgaininthequantity,quality,andpermanenceofstreamandwetlandsystemareas,functions,andbeneficialuses.

3. ClimateChangeAdaptation:Streamandwetlandsystemprotectionandrestorationareacriticalelementofastrategyforreducingadverseimpactsofgreenhousegasemissionsandadaptingtheregion’swaterresourcemanagementtoaccountfortheadverseeffectsofclimatechangeandsealevelrise.Protectingandrestoringstreamandwetlandsystemfunctions,includingfloodwaterstorage,groundwaterrecharge,carbonsequestration(e.g.,inriparianvegetationandwetlandsoilsthatarerichinorganicmatter),andmaintainingaquaticlifeandwildlifehabitatconnectivityareimportanttomitigatefortheadverseeffectsofclimatechange.

4. WatershedApproach:Manywaterqualityandecosystemproblemsarebestidentified,prioritized,addressed,andsolvedusingawatershedapproach.Awatershedapproachhelpstoaddresscumulativeimpactsonwaterquality,andencouragesthedevelopmentofwatershedplansandpartnershipsthatcoordinatetheplanning,use,andprotectionofstreamandwetlandsystemresources.Projectproponentsshouldconsidertheirproject’saffectswhenmultipleindividualeffectsareaddedorinteractwithothereffectsinawatershedtocreatecumulativeadverseimpactstowaterquality.Projectproponentsshouldincludeallappropriateandpracticablemeasurestoavoidandminimizepotentialdirect,secondary,andcumulativetemporaryandpermanentimpactstowaterqualityandbeneficialuses.


TheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBhasjurisdictionalauthoritytoimplementthePorter‐CologneActintheCityofLivermore.AllprojectsconductedundertheSMPwhichoccurinwatersoftheStatewillrequireaWDRunderthePorter‐CologneAct.Inpractice,WDRsarecombinedwithNPDESpermittingrequirementsandtheCWASection401WaterQualityCertification.WDRsissuedwillrequirecompliancewithallcurrentBasinPlanpolicies.

TheSMPisamulti‐objectiveapproachtoprotectionoftheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB’snewandexistingbeneficialusesthroughcompliancewithwaterqualityobjectives.TheseobjectiveswerereviewedandintegratedintotheimpactavoidanceplanningapproachesdescribedinChapters4and7ofthismanual.

2.9 California Endangered Species Act CESAwasestablishedintheCaliforniaFishandGameCode(CFGC),Sections2050–2116.CESAwasoriginallyenactedin1970todesignatewildlife,fishandplantsas“endangered”or“rare”.In1984,CESAwasamendedandspecieswerereclassifiedas“endangered”or“threatened”.AsofJanuary1985,all“rare”wildlifespecieswerereclassifiedas“threatened”andthetermrarewasdroppedfromthecode.Forplantshowever,theclassificationof“rare”wasmaintainedforplantslistedunder



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theCaliforniaNativePlantProtectionAct(Sections1900–1913),butthoseplantsareonlysubjecttotheprotectionsofthatactandnotCESA.

TheCESAstatesthatallnativespeciesoffishes,amphibians,reptiles,birds,mammals,invertebrates,andplants,andtheirhabitats,threatenedwithextinctionandthoseexperiencingasignificantdeclinewhich,ifnothalted,wouldleadtoathreatenedorendangereddesignationwillbeprotectedorpreserved.TheCESAsetsforthproceduresbywhichindividuals,organizations,orCDFWcansubmitpetitionstotheFishandGameCommissionrequestingthataspecies,subspecies,orvarietyofplantoranimalbeaddedto,deletedfrom,orchangedinstatusontheStatelistsofthreatenedorendangeredspecies.

CDFWmaintainstwokeyspecieslistsforCESAlistedspecies;(1)StateandFederallyListedEndangered,ThreatenedandRarePlantsofCalifornia6,and(2)StateandFederallyListedEndangeredandThreatenedAnimalsofCalifornia7.Theselistsareupdatedtwotimesperyear.CDFWalsomaintainsotherlistsofspecieswitharangeofprotectionsthroughtheCFGC.TheseincludeCaliforniaSpeciesofSpecialConcernlists(CSCorSSC)forfish,reptiles,amphibians,birdsandmammals.Aspeciesofspecialconcernisaspecies,subspecies,ordistinctpopulationofananimalnativetoCaliforniathatcurrentlysatisfiesoneormoreofthefollowing(notnecessarilymutuallyexclusive)criteria:

isextirpatedfromtheStateor,inthecaseofbirds,initsprimaryseasonalorbreedingrole;

islistedasFederally‐,butnotState‐,threatenedorendangered;meetstheStatedefinitionofthreatenedorendangeredbuthasnotformallybeenlisted;

isexperiencing,orformerlyexperienced,serious(noncyclical)populationdeclinesorrangeretractions(notreversed)that,ifcontinuedorresumed,couldqualifyitforStatethreatenedorendangeredstatus;and

hasnaturallysmallpopulationsexhibitinghighsusceptibilitytoriskfromanyfactor(s)thatifrealized,couldleadtodeclinesthatwouldqualifyitforStatethreatenedorendangeredstatus.

InadditiontotheseCSCspecies,theCFGCprovidesprotectionsforotherspeciessuchasCaliforniaFullyProtectedSpeciesandSpecialPlantSpecies.Itisimportanttonotethatonlyspeciesclassifiedbythestateas“threatened”or“endangered”fallundertheprotectionsofCESA.SuchotherspecialstatusspeciesaregenerallyprotectedthrougheitherCFGCSections1602(StreambedorLakebedAlterationAgreementProgram),CaliforniaFullyProtectedSpeciesregulationsorthroughCEQAdiscussedelsewhereinthischapter.

LikeESA,CESAalsoallowsforincidentaltakeoflistedspecies.TakeisdefinedundertheCaliforniaFishandGameCodeasanyactionorattemptto“hunt,pursue,catch,capture,orkill.”TheincidentaltakepermitprocessisoutlinedinCESA(CFGCSections2081and2080.1).

CESA(CFGCSection2081[b])providesameansbywhichagenciesorindividualsmayobtainauthorizationforincidentaltakeofstate‐listedspecies.Takemustbeincidentalto,andnotthepurposeof,anotherwiselawfulactivity.RequirementsforaCFGCSection2081[b]permitinclude:ananalysisoftheimpactsonlistedspeciesandwhethertheissuanceoftheincidentaltakepermitwouldjeopardizethecontinuedexistenceofthespecies;developmentofmitigationmeasuresthat

6<http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddb/pdfs/TEPlants.pdf>.7<http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddb/pdfs/TEAnimals.pdf>.



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minimizeandfullymitigateimpacts;developmentofamonitoringplan;andassuranceoffundingtoimplementmitigationandmonitoring.

Forstate‐listedspeciesthatarealsofederallylistedundertheESA,CESA(CFGCSection2080.1)allowsforincidentaltakeissuedthroughESASection7orSection10topotentiallyprovideincidentaltakecoverageunderCESA,assumingCDFWdeterminestheprotectionandmitigationprescribedundertheESAconsultationareconsistentwithCESA.Thisisknownasa“consistencydetermination.”UnderCFGCSection2080.1,CDFWissuesaconsistencydeterminationwiththefederaltakeauthorization.


ImplementationofSMPactivitiesmayrequirecompliancewithCESAduetothepossibilitythatstate‐listedspeciesmaybenegativelyimpacted.TheCaliforniatigersalamanderisastate‐listedthreatenedspeciesthatoccurswithintheCity’sgeographyandinaquatichabitatspotentiallyaffectedbySMPactivities.

InadditiontotheCESAspecies,twoCSChavethepotentialtobeimpactedbySMPactivities.TheseCSCspeciesincludeCaliforniared‐leggedfrogandwesternpondturtle.OtherstatespecieswithvariouslevelsofprotectionscouldbeimpactedbySMPactivities,andprotectionsforthesespecieswillbeaddressedthrougheitherCFGCSection1602orCEQA.

ItisanticipatedthataseparateCESAincidentaltakepermitwillberequiredforpotentialimpactstothesespecies.

2.10 California Fish and Game Code Sections 3503 and 3503.5—Bird Nests and Birds of Prey

Section3503oftheCFGCmakesitunlawfultotake,possessorneedlesslydestroythenestsoreggsofanybird.CFGCSection3503.5makesitunlawfultotake,possessorneedlesslydestroybirdsofpreyorthenestsoreggsofabirdofprey;Section3503.5prohibitsthetake,possession,orneedlessdestructionofanynests,eggsorbirdsintheordersFalconiformes(newworldvultures,hawks,eagles,ospreysandfalcons,amongothers)orStrigiformes(owls);Section3511prohibitsthetakeorpossessionoffullyprotectedbirds;andSection3513prohibitsthetakeorpossessionofanymigratorynongamebirdorpartthereofasdesignatedintheMBTA.


CFGCSection3503andSection3503.5areadministeredbytheCDFWandtheFishandGameCommission.TheseregulationsareenforcedunderCDFWandthroughtheCEQAenvironmentalprocess.


SMPactivities,suchasvegetationmanagement,mayrequiretheremovaloftreesorsnagswherebirdsarenesting.Compliancewiththisregulationwillbemetthroughtheimplementationof



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avoidancemeasuresandBMPssothattakeofbirdsisavoided.TheSMPcontainsconservationmeasurestoavoidsuchtakeinordertocomplywithCFGCSections3503and3503.5.

2.11 California Fish and Game Code Section 1602—Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement Program

UndertheCFGCSection1602,CDFWprojectsthataffecttheflow,channel,orbanksofrivers,streams,andlakesarerequiredtonotifyCDFW.CFGCSection1602requirespublicagenciesandprivateindividualstonotifyandenterintoaLakeorStreambedAlterationAgreementwithCDFWpriortoconstructionofaprojectthatwill:

substantiallydivert,obstruct,orchangethenaturalfloworthebed,channel,orbankofanyriver,stream,orlake;

substantiallychangeoruseanymaterialfromthebed,channel,orbankof,anyriver,stream,orlake;or

resultinthedisposalordepositionofdebris,waste,orothermaterialcontainingcrumbled,flaked,orgroundpavementwhereitcanpassintoanyriver,stream,orlake.

CFGCSection1602mayapplytoanyworkundertakenwithinthe100‐yearfloodplainofanybodyofwateroritstributaries,includingperennial,intermittent,andephemeralrivers,streams,orlakesinthestate.Ingeneral,however,itisconstruedasapplyingtoworkwithintheactivefloodplainand/orassociatedriparianhabitatofawash,stream,orlakethatprovidesbenefittofishandwildlife.CFGCSection1602typicallydoesnotapplytodrainagesthatlackadefinedbedandbanks,suchasswales,ortowetlandssuchasvernalpools.


CDFWhasregulatoryjurisdictionoverthebed,bank,orchannelofastream,lake,orpond,asstatedinCFGCSections1600–1616.UnderCFGCSection1602,CDFWadministerstheLakeandStreambedAlterationProgramandmayissueaStreambedAlterationAgreement(SAA)forproposedprojectswithintheirjurisdiction.SAAsaretypicallyissuedthroughanapplicationprocess(submittalofanotificationpackage)andincluderestrictionsonconstructionperiodsandlocationsandavoidance,minimization,andmitigationmeasuresforpotentialimpactsonhabitatassociatedwithwatersofthestate.BecauseCDFWhasdiscretionaryapprovalauthority,itisaresponsibleagencyunderCEQA(seefurtherdiscussionofCEQAbelow).Assuch,proposedprojectsmustfullycomplywithCEQAbeforeCDFWcanfinalizeaSAA.ARoutineMaintenanceAgreement(RMA)isatypeofSAAcanalsobeusedbetweenCDFWandanapplicanttoprovidemorebroadorprogramwidecoverageforsimilarandroutinemaintenanceactivitiesacrossacommonprogramarea.


TheCDFWBay‐DeltaRegionhasjurisdictionoverstreambedalterationactivitiesoccurringintheCityofLivermore.Bankstabilizationandsedimentremovalactivities,aswellassomevegetationmanagementactivities,implementedthroughtheSMPwillrequireastreambedalterationagreementfromCDFW.



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WiththedevelopmentoftheSMPManualanditsotherassociatedpermittingefforts,theRMAwillbedraftedincollaborationwithCDFWtoprovideCFGCSection1602complianceforallSMPactivities.TheRMAwillincludeSMPactivitiesandwillhavea10‐yearpermittermandwillbeavailableforreviewandrenewalfollowingtheinitial10‐yearperiod.

2.12 California Environmental Quality Act CEQA(PRC21000etseq.)isthecornerstoneofenvironmentallawandpolicyinCalifornia.CEQArequirespublicagenciestoassessandpubliclydisclosetheenvironmentalimplicationsofproposedactionsthroughthepreparationofappropriatedocuments.TheprimaryobjectivesofCEQAinclude:

ensuringthatthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofproposedprojectsaredisclosedtodecisionmakersandthepublic;

ensuringthatenvironmentaldamageisavoided,reduced,orcompensatedforbytheimplementationofcarefullydesignedmitigationmeasures;

makingthepublicawareofthereasonsforanagency’sapprovalofaprojectwithsignificant,unavoidable,andunmitigableenvironmentalimpacts;

fosteringcooperationbetweenagenciesinthereviewofprojects;and

enhancingpublicinvolvementintheplanningandreviewofprojectsthatmayimpactlocalcommunitiesandtheirnaturalenvironment.

CEQAappliestodiscretionaryactivitiesproposed,implemented,orapprovedbyCaliforniapublicagencies,includingstate,regional,county,andlocalagencies.ThepublicagencywhichhastheprincipalresponsibilityforcarryingoutorapprovingaprojectwhichmayhaveasignificanteffectupontheenvironmentistheleadagencyforCEQAcomplianceandisresponsibleforpreparingtheenvironmentaldocumentationfortheproposedproject.

SeveraltypesofdocumentsmaybeusedtocomplywithCEQA.SometypesofactionsarecategoricallyexemptfromtheassessmentanddisclosureofimpactsrequiredbyCEQA,andforsuchactions,acategoricalexemptionisfiled.Formostprojects,thefirststepinCEQAcomplianceispreparationofaninitialstudy(IS)todeterminewhetheraproposedprojectislikelytoresultinasignificantadverseimpactontheenvironment.IftheISshowsthatnosignificantimpactislikely,theleadagencyfilesanegativedeclaration(ND);ifprojectimpactscanbereducedbelowthelevelofsignificancebytheimplementationofoneormoremitigationmeasures,theleadagencymayfileamitigatednegativedeclaration(MND).However,iftheISshowsthattheproposedprojectislikelytoresultinoneormoresignificantadverseimpactsthatcannotbeadequatelyreducedbymitigation,theleadagencymustcompleteanenvironmentalimpactreport(EIR).TheEIRmustevaluatethelikelyenvironmentalimpactsoftheproposedprojectandareasonablerangeoffeasiblealternativesthatwouldaccomplishthesamegoals,andisrequiredtoidentifytheenvironmentallysuperioralternative.

2.12.1 Lead Agency

TheCityofLivermorewouldbetheleadagencyresponsibleforcomplyingwithCEQA.



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CDFWandtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBmustcomplywithCEQApriortotheissuanceofpermits.CEQAisalsotriggeredbythediscretionaryactionoftheCityinadoptingtheSMPManualandapprovingtheSMPprogram,theimplementationofwhichmayresultinasignificantadverseimpactontheenvironment.AstheagencywithprincipalresponsibilityforcarryingouttheSMP,theCityistheCEQAleadagency.

CompliancewithCEQAwillbemetthroughthedevelopmentofanIS/MNDfortheSMPManual.TheIS/MNDwillevaluatetheenvironmentalimpactsofthecreekandchannelmaintenanceactivitiesproposedintheSMPManual.TheIS/MNDwillbecraftedtoaddresstheneedsofeachregulatoryagenciestograntpermits,aswellasprovidethenecessaryCEQAcompliancetoallowtheCitytoapprovetheSMP.

2.13 Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act TheBaldandGoldenEagleProtectionAct(EagleAct)prohibitsthetakingorpossessionofandcommerceinbaldandgoldeneagleswithlimitedexceptions.UndertheEagleAct,itisaviolationto“take,possess,sell,purchase,barter,offertosell,transport,exportorimport,atanytimeorinanymanner,anybaldeaglecommonlyknownastheAmericaneagle,orgoldeneagle,aliveordead,oranypart,nest,oregg,thereof.”Takeisdefinedtoincludepursue,shoot,shootat,poison,wound,kill,capture,trap,collect,destroy,molest,anddisturb.Disturbisfurtherdefinedin50CFR§22.3as“toagitateorbotherabaldorgoldeneagletoadegreethatcauses,orislikelytocause,basedonthebestscientificinformationavailable(1)injurytoaneagle,(2)adecreaseinitsproductivity,bysubstantiallyinterferingwithnormalbreeding,feeding,orshelteringbehavior,or(3)nestabandonment,bysubstantiallyinterferingwithnormalbreeding,feeding,orshelteringbehavior.”

RecentrevisionstotheEagleActauthorizestakeofbaldeaglesandgoldeneaglesunderthefollowingconditions:(1)wherethetakeiscompatiblewiththepreservationofthebaldeagleandgoldeneagle;(2)takeisnecessarytoprotectaninterestinaparticularlocality;(3)takeisassociatedwithbutnotthepurposeofanotherwiselawfulactivity;and(4)forindividualinstancesoftake,thetakecannotbeavoided;or(5)forprogrammatictake,thetakeisunavoidableeventhoughadvancedconservationpracticesarebeingimplemented(50CFR§22.26).Permitsissuedunderthisregulationusuallyauthorizedisturbanceonly;however,inlimitedcasesapermitmayauthorizelethaltakethatresultsfrombutisnotthepurposeofanotherwiselawfulactivity.

2.14 Local Stream and Watershed Plans Applicablelocalplans,suchasgeneralplans,arediscussedindetailintheIS/MNDwhichaccompaniestheSMPManual.TheEACCSandtheZone7StreamMaintenanceMasterPlanarerelevantstreamandwatershedmanagementplansintheSMPPlanningArea.Theseplansaresummarizedbelow.



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2.14.1 East Alameda County Conservation Strategy

TheprimarypurposeofEACCSistoprovidearegionalapproachtospeciesconservationandstreamlineenvironmentalpermitting.EACCSincludesabaselineinventoryofbiologicalresourcesandconservationprioritiesthatwillbeutilizedbylocalagenciesandresourceagenciesduringproject‐levelplanningandenvironmentalpermitting.Tothisend,EACCSdescribeshowtoavoid,minimize,andmitigateimpactsonselectedfocalspeciesandsensitivehabitats.ByimplementingEACCS,localagenciescanmoreeasilyaddressthelegalrequirementsrelevanttothesespeciesandsetprioritiesformitigationandconservationtocontributetotheprotectionoffocalspeciesandsensitivehabitatsineasternAlamedaCounty.

EACCSisdesignedtoserveasacoordinatedapproachtoconservationintheeasternportionofAlamedaCounty.ThespecificgoalsofEACCSare:

Improvecorridorsandlinkagesbetweenotherconservationplanningefforts(habitatconservationplans[HCPs]/naturalcommunityconservationplans[NCCPs])insideandadjacenttotheEACCSStudyArea.

Setgoalstodocument,protect,andenhancenativebiologicalandecologicaldiversityinthestudyarea.

Establishasetofstandardstopreserve,enhance,restore,manage,andmonitornativespeciesandthehabitatsandecosystemsuponwhichtheydepend.

StreamlineandsimplifytheissuanceofpermitsforfutureprojectproponentsinthestudyareabyindicatingclearstandardsforlawfulincidentaltakeofspecieslistedasthreatenedorendangeredpursuanttoESAandCESAandbysettingclearmitigationratiosforfocalspeciesandsensitivehabitats.

Standardizeavoidance,minimization,mitigation,andcompensationrequirementsoftheESA,CESA,CEQA,NEPA,andotherapplicablelawsandregulationsrelatingtobiologicalandnaturalresourceswithinthestudyarea,sothatpublicandprivateactionswillbegovernedequallyandconsistently,thusreducingdelays,expenses,andregulatoryduplication.

Providealesscostly,moreefficientprojectreviewprocessthatwillresultinmoreproductiveconservationthanthecurrentproject‐by‐project,species‐by‐speciescomplianceprocessforfocalspeciesandsensitivehabitat.

Restorenaturalcommunitiesthathavebeendegradedorlostovertimewherepossible.

Introducecreativesolutionstomakinglandmanagementactivitieswhichbenefitfocalspeciesmorefeasiblethroughincentivesforandtheeducationoftheprivatelandscommunity.

2.14.2 Zone 7 Stream Maintenance Master Plan

TheStreamMaintenanceMasterPlan(SMMP)wasdevelopedbyZone7incooperationwithstakeholdersandotheragencies.TheSMMPEIRincludesthefollowinggoals(ESAAssociates2006).

Protectpeople,property,andstreamcorridorsfromdamagingdrainageandfloods.

Reduceormanageerosionandsedimentationinamannerthatiscompatiblewithotherstreamresources.

Provideadequateconveyanceofwaterforrechargeandstorageneeds.



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Protectandenhancethewaterqualityofstreamsandgroundwater.

Protectandenhanceaquaticandriparianhabitatassociatedwithstreamsandwetlands.

Promoterecreation,alternativetransportation,andpubliceducationopportunitiesalongstreamsandtheChainofLakes.

TheSMMPEIRrecommendsaregionalapproachtofloodprotectiontomaximizebenefitsandminimizecosts.Regionalfloodprotectionwouldoccurviacreekmodificationstomeetcapacityrequirementsforthe100‐yearfloodeventandpreventsedimentaccumulationwithoutexpandingexistingtrapezoidalchannels.

TheSMMPidentifiesprojectstodetainfloodwaters,storeandremovesedimentanddivertandstorefloodwatersuntiltheycanbepassedsafelydownstream.

Table 2‐1. 2010 Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments in the City of Livermore Page 1 of 1

RWQCB Waterbody Pollutant Potential Sources

SanFranciscoBay(Region2)

ArroyoDelValle Diazinon UrbanRunoff/StormSewers

ArroyoLasPositas Nutrient/EutrophicationBiologicalIndicators

UrbanRunoff/StormSewers,SurfaceRunoff

ArroyoMocho Diazinon,Temperature UrbanRunoff/StormSewers,HabitatModification,RemovalofRiparianVegetation,Channelization

Source:StateWaterResourcesControlBoard2011.RWQCB=RegionalWaterQualityControlBoard.

Table 2‐2. Status of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) in the SMP Area Page 1 of 1

RWQCB Waterbody Impairment TMDL Status


ArroyoDelValle

Diazinon ThislistingwasmadebyEPAforthe1998Section303(d)list.For2006,diazinonwasmovedbyEPAfromthe303(d)listtothisbeingaddressedlistbecauseofacompletedEPAapprovedTMDL.


ArroyoLasPositas

Nutrient/eutrophicationbiologicalindicators

For2006,diazinonwasmovedbyEPAfromtheSection303(d)listtothisbeingaddressedlistbecauseofacompletedEPAapprovedTMDL.


ArroyoMocho Diazinon,temperature For2006,diazinonwasmovedbyEPAfromtheSection303(d)listtothisbeingaddressedlistbecauseofacompletedEPAapprovedTMDL.

Source:StateWaterResourcesControlBoard2011.EPA=U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.RWQCB=RegionalWaterQualityControlBoard.TMDL=totalmaximumdailyload.

Table 2‐3. Focal Species with the Potential to Occur in the SMP Area Page 1 of 1

Species Scientific Name

Statusa

Federal State CNPS

Invertebrates

Longhornfairyshrimp Branchinectalongiantenna FE – –

Vernalpoolfairyshrimp Branchinectalynchi FT – –

Callippesilverspotbutterfly Speyeriacallippecallippe FE – –

Amphibians

Californiatigersalamander Ambystomacaliforniense FT ST –

Californiared‐leggedfrog Ranadraytonii FT CSC –

Birds

Goldeneagle Aquilachrysaetos BGPA,MBTA

CSC,FP –

Tricoloredblackbird Agelaiustricolor MBTA CSC –

Westernburrowingowl Athenecuniculariahypugea MBTA CSC –

Mammals

Americanbadger Taxideataxus – CSC –

SanJoaquinkitfox Vulpesmacrotismutica FE ST –

Plants

SanJoaquinspearscale Atriplexjoaquiniana – – 1B.2

Congdon'starplant Centromadiaparryissp.congdonii – – 1B.2

Palmate‐bractedbird's‐beak Cordylanthuspalmatus FE SE 1B.1

Livermoretarplant Deinandrabacigalupii – – 1B.1

Notesa Status

StateStatusFP = Fullyprotected.SE = Statelistedasendangered.ST = Statelistedasthreatened.CSC = Californiaspecialconcernspecies.FederalStatusBGPA = BaldEagleandGoldenEagleProtectionAct.MBTA = MigratoryBirdTreatyAct.FE = Federallyendangered.FT = Federallythreatened.CaliforniaNativePlantSocietyRanking1B = RareorendangeredinCaliforniaandelsewhere.NativePlantThreatRankings.1 = SeriouslythreatenedinCalifornia(highdegree/immediacyofthreat)..2 = FairlythreatenedinCalifornia(moderatedegree/immediacyofthreat).


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Chapter 3 Environmental Setting

3.1 Introduction ThischapterpresentstheenvironmentalsettingfocusingonthephysicalandbiologicalconditionsoftheSMPPlanningArea.ThisinformationprovidesthefoundationforframingthemaintenanceapproachofChapter4,anddraftingthedescriptionofprogramactivitiesandimplementationinChapters5through9.

Theresourcesettingalsoprovidesanimportantbasisforenvironmentalcompliance.PhysicalandbiologicalresourceshavebeenconsideredanddescribedtoaddresstheregulatoryrequirementsoftheESA,CESA,CWASections401and404,thePorter‐CologneAct,andCFGCSection1600etseq.

Thischapterisorganizedasfollows:

Section3.2,TopographyandLandforms

Section3.3,Watersheds,Creeks,andLandUse

Section3.4,GeologyandSoils

Section3.5,Climate

Section3.6,RegionalFlooding

Section3.7,GroundwaterandWaterSupply

Section3.8,WaterQuality

Section3.9,VegetationCommunitiesandCreek/ChannelLandCover

Section3.10,FocalPlantsandWildlife

3.2 Topography and Landforms LivermoreislocatedineasternAlamedaCountyapproximately35milessoutheastofSanFrancisco(Figure3‐1).ItissurroundedbythehillsoftheDiabloRangewhichcreateLivermoreValley.CitiesthatsurroundLivermoreincludeDublinandPleasantontothewestandTracytotheeast.LivermoreValleygraduallyslopesfromtheeasttowest,withtheCityofLivermoreinthecenter.

3.3 Watersheds, Creeks, and Land Use

3.3.1 Alameda Creek Watershed

TheAlamedaCreekwatershedisbyfarthelargestwatershedinthecounty,coveringmorethan635squaremiles(including77%ofthecounty),andstretchingfromMountDiablo(ContraCostaCounty)inthenorth,toMountHamiltoninthesouth(SantaClaraCounty),toAltamontPassinthe

City of Livermore Environmental Setting


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east.Thegeneraldrainagepatterniseasttowestthroughthreemajorarroyos:ArroyoLasPositas,ArroyoMocho,andArroyodelValle.ThesearroyosjoinArroyodelaLagunainPleasanton,whichdrainstheLivermoreValleyinasoutherlydirectionapproximately18milestoSanFranciscoBayviaNilesCanyonandAlamedaCreekoutsideofthePlanningArea(Zone7WaterAgency2006).

RunofffromthenorthernregionflowstotributariesofAlamedaCreek.RunofffrommuchofthesouthernpartofthewatershediseithercollectedandstoredinCalaverasandSanAntonioReservoirs,whicharepartofSanFrancisco’swatersystem(SanFranciscoPublicUtilitiesCommission[SFPUC]owns36,000acresofthewatershed),oriscollectedinLakeDelValle.Mostofthewatershedisundeveloped,andiseitherinprivaterangelandsorpubliclands.Onlyabout7%ofthetotalacreageofthewatershedisdeveloped.

Forabout39miles,AlamedaCreekflowsfromitsheadwatersonthenorthwesternslopesoftheDiabloRangeinSantaClaraCountytoSouthSanFranciscoBay.Headwaterelevationsarecloseto4,000‐feet,withstreamgradientsdownstreamthroughtheupperreachesvaryingfrombetween1and5%.AlamedaCreekisanintermittentlyperennialstreamintheupperwatershed,butintheSunolValley,whereprincipalstreamchannelsarebroadandthesubstrateischaracterizedbydeep,coarsealluvium,ahighrateofinfiltrationresultsindryreachesduringthesummermonths.ManyofthetributariesthatsupplyflowstoAlamedaCreekarehistoricallyintermittentandcanbeisolatedfromthemainstembeginninginearlytomidsummer(Welchetal.1966).Thisisespeciallytrueofstreams,bothnaturalandchannelized,thatdraintheLivermoreValley.Forexample,thenaturalhydrologyoftheAlamedaCreekwatershedhasbeenalteredbywatersupplyactivitiesaswellasbydevelopmentandfloodcontrol.

3.3.1.1 Livermore Valley Subwatershed

TheLivermoreValleysubwatershedextendssouthofLivermorealongtheArroyoMochoandtheArroyoDelValle(Figure3‐2).Thetotalareaofthesubwatershedisroughly310squaremiles(198,400acres),andthetotalareaoftheSMPisapproximately26.5squaremiles(17,000acres)(Schaaf&Wheeler2004).

TherearefivemajordrainageareaswithintheCityofLivermore,allofwhichdraineitherbygravityorpumpingintochannelsandcreeksflowingwest(Figure3‐3)(Schaaf&Wheeler2004).

Creeks

AnetworkofsmallnaturalchannelscollectsthestormwaterfromthenorthernportionoftheCity.ThesechannelsincludetheArroyoSeco,ArroyoLasPositasRelocation,AltamontCreek,CayetanoCreek,CollierCreekandCottonwoodCreek;allofwhichflowintotheArroyoLasPositas.ThearroyoLasPositasmergeswiththeArroyoMochotothewestofLivermore,whicheventuallyjoinstheArroyoDeLaLaguna(Figure3‐4)(Schaaf&Wheeler2004).

TheArroyoMochorunsalongthesouthernedgeofthedowntownportionoftheCityandconveysstormwaterfromthedowntownandsouthwestareas.Itisanaturalchannelthathasbeenexcavatedandimprovedinvariousreachestoprovideenhancedfloodflowconveyance.TheArroyoDelVallerunsalongthesouthwesternedgeoftheCityandpicksupsomestormwaterfromtheCity.BoththeArroyoMochoandtheArroyoDelValleflowtotheArroyoDeLaLagunatothewest,theArroyoDeLaLagunadrainstoAlamedaCreek,whichreachestheSanFranciscoBayapproximately4milesdownstream(Schaaf&Wheeler2004).



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ArroyoMochoisatributaryofArroyodelaLaguna,anditsheadwatersarelocatedsoutheastofLivermore(AlamedaCreekAlliance2009).ArroyoMochohasintermittentperennialflowduetofaultzoneseepage(Smith1998)andtheZone7ArtificialRechargeprogramthatreleaseswaterfromtheSouthBayAqueductintoArroyoMochoandrechargesgroundwaterresources(RMC2006).ThisinturnhasdisruptedthenaturalhydrologicregimeinArroyoMochoandpermanentlyalteredtheecologyofthestreamdownstreamofLivermore.TheUpperwatershedisunaffectedbyZone7’sartificialreleases;andthe“hydrologicregime”remainsmostly“natural”.

ArroyoLasPositasisthemajordrainagefeaturethroughtheLivermoreValley,drainingapproximately7,000acres.ThecreekoriginatesintheAltamontHillsandcontinuesinawesterlydirection,followingInterstate580(I‐580)totheconfluencewithArroyoMocho,alsoatributarytoAlamedaCreek.ArroyoSecodrainsintoArroyoLasPositasfromthenorth(OaklandMuseumofCalifornia2009).ArroyoLosPositasisagainingstreaminitsupperreachesprovidingforperennialflowsalongitsentirelength.

3.3.2 Land Use

ThecityofLivermoreisentirelywithinanUrbanGrowthBoundary(UGB).TheUGBwasestablishedinordertoprotectagriculturalandnaturalresourcesandtopreventfutureurbandevelopmentoutsideLivermore(CityofLivermore2004).TheUGBwasfinalizedaftertwoinitiativeswerepassed.Thefirst,passedbylocalvotersinMarchof2000,istheSouthLivermoreUrbanGrowthBoundaryInitiative,whichdefinestheUGBaroundthesouthernportionofthecity(CityofLivermore2004).Thesecond,passedbytheLivermoreCityCouncilinDecemberof2002,istheNorthLivermoreUrbanGrowthBoundaryInitiative,anddefinestheUGBaroundthenorthernportionofLivermore(CityofLivermore2004).

AfairlywidemixoflandusescharacterizesLivermore.Thereareareasofprotectedwatershedsandopenspace,creeksflowthroughlower‐densityhillsideresidentialareasandthroughincreasinglydenseresidentialareasmixedwithcommercialandindustrialuses.Mostresidentialareasretainsomeopenspaceintheformoflawnsandgardens,andpublicparksarescatteredthroughouttheCity(Schaaf&Wheeler2004.).

AlthoughopenspaceisscatteredthroughouttheCity,particularlynearthecreeks,thevastmajorityofLivermorehasbeenurbanized.TheCityisexperiencingnewdevelopmentarounditsedges,primarilyinthenortheastandnorthwest.Whileexpansionhasnearlymetthecurrenturbangrowthboundaries,therearestillseveralparcelswithintheCitythatarecurrentlyundeveloped(Schaaf&Wheeler2004.).

3.4 Geology and Soils

3.4.1 Regional Geologic Context

TheCityofLivermoreislocatedwithinthecentralportionoftheCoastRangesGeomorphicProvince.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea(BayArea),theCoastRangesProvinceischaracterizedbyaseriesofnorthwest‐trendingen‐echelonridgesandvalleysboundedbyactivefaultsoftheSanAndreassystem,whichformstheboundarybetweenthePacificandNorthAmericantectonicplates(NorrisandWebb1990).Fromwesttoeast,thesefaultsincludetheSanGregorio,theSanAndreas,



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theHayward‐RodgersCreek,Calaveras,Concord‐GreenValley,Greenville,andOrtigalita,togetherwithanumberofsmallerstructures.

3.4.2 Geology of the Livermore Valley

TheLivermoreValley,containingthecitiesofLivermoreandPleasanton,liessouthandwestoftheDiabloRangeandeastoftheEastBayHills.Thisvalley,aneast‐westtrendingvalley,uniquetothisarea,isadeepalluviateddepression(Ollenburger1986)containingsedimentsdepositedaspartoftheLivermoreGravelsFormation.TheGreenvillefaultformstheeasternborderofthisvalley,separatingitfromthewesternfoothillsoftheDiabloRange.ItispostulatedthattheGreenvilleFaultisconnectedtotheConcordFaultatdepthbyaburied“blind”thrustfaultsystem(WetlandsResearchAssociates2004).ItisthisinteractionoftheGreenvilleandConcordFaultsthathascreatedtheMountDiablouplift,apresentlyactive(Crane1995),LateQuaternarytectonicfeaturelocatedinthenorth‐centralportionofthePlanningArea.ThebedrockstructureoftheMountDiabloupliftiscomposedofrocksoftheMioceneGreenValley/TassajaraFormationandispostulatedtocontaindepositsoftheLivermoreGravelsFormation(Graymeretal.1996).ThecoreoftheMountDiablouplift,locatedjustnorthoftheplanarea,containsolderFranciscanrocks,flankedbyeast‐andwestward‐youngingsedimentarystrataofEocenethroughPlioceneage.

3.4.3 Soils

TheLivermoreValleyfloodplainsupportsverygravellysoilsassignedtotheYolo‐Pleasantonassociation,interspersedwithloamsandclaysoftheRincon‐SanYsidroassociation.

TheNaturalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)hasclassifiedallsoilsintofourhydrologicsoilgroups(A,B,C,andD)accordingtotheirinfiltrationrate,whichcorrelatestoitsabilitytoabsorbandtransmitwater;thisaidsinthedeterminationoftotalrunoff.MuchofLivermorewasbuiltonsoilswithhydrologicgroupB,whichallowsmoderateinfiltrationrates.However,areasinthenortheastandsouthwestareclassifiedgroupD,whichhaveveryslowinfiltrationratesandwillincreasetheamountofrunoff.ThesoilalongthenorthernedgeofLivermoreisingroupCwhichalsohasaslowinfiltrationrate.ThevariedgeologicsettingsaffectthemagnitudeoffloodriskexperiencedthroughouttheCity(Schaaf&Wheeler2004.).

SoilgroupswithintheCityofLivermoreareillustratedinFigure3‐5.

3.5 Climate Climatically,theLivermoreValleyisintermediatebetweenthemoderate,marineMediterraneanconditionsoftheBayAreaandthemoremarkedseasonalityoftheinteriorCentralValley.TheLivermoreValleyischaracterizedasastandardMediterraneanclimateinthatithasextendedperiodsofprecipitationduringthewintermonthsandvirtuallynoprecipitationfromspringthroughautumn.

TheCityofLivermore’sclimateissemiaridwithanaveragesummertimehightemperatureof89°F,droppingtoanaveragewinternighttimelowtemperatureof36°F.Meanaverageprecipitationisroughly15inches,withabout80%ofthatprecipitationfallingfromNovemberthroughMarch.Precipitationoccursentirelyasrainfall.SnowmeltisnotahydrologicprocessthatsignificantlyaffectsrunoffintheCity(Schaaf&Wheeler2004).



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3.6 Regional Flooding HeavyrainfallinthewintermonthsproducesfloodsituationsintheLivermoreValley.Historicalfloodinginformationcanbevaluableinhighlightingareasofrecurringproblems,andprioritizingfutureimprovements.AreaswithknownfloodingproblemsincludeareassurroundingtheSpringtownandRhododendronintersection,theintersectionofJackLondonandKittyHawk,MurrietaandJackLondon,MurrietaandStanleyBlvd,theintersectionofStanleyBlvdandElCaminito,areasadjacenttoSpringtowngolfcourse,theArroyoLasPositasatLasPositasGolfCourse,andareassurroundingtheGranadaChannel(Figure3‐6)(Schaaf&Wheeler2004).

Floodingresultedfromcreekandchannelrestrictionsandundersizedchannels.SignificantdamagehasoccurredfromfloodinginLivermoreinthepast,withthelargestfloodinhistorybeinginJanuaryof1952whererailroads,bridges,roads,utilities,andprivatepropertiesweredamaged(Schaaf&Wheeler2004).

TheCityofLivermorebecameamemberoftheNationalFloodInsuranceProgram(NFIP)in1978andisresponsibleforFloodplainManagementwithinthecitylimits.Allnewdevelopmentandimprovementsbuiltsince1978mustmeettheNFIPrequirements.AccordingtotheFederalEmergencyResponseAgency(FEMA)FloodInsuranceRateMaps(FIRMs)forLivermore,overhalfofthedevelopablelandintheCityisinthe100‐yearfloodplain.AccordingtoFEMA(1997),the100‐yearfloodelevationsacrossthePlanningArearangefromanelevationof357feetto374feet,whichcorrespondstoaflooddepthofonetotwofeet,onaverage.

3.6.1 Flood Protection Facilities

FloodprotectionisprovidedtodevelopedportionsofLivermorebyaseriesofstormdrains,channels,andcreeksthatconveystorm‐generatedrunoffwesterlytowardtheSanFranciscoBaythroughNilesCanyon.

3.6.1.1 Interior Flood Protection Facilities

PrecipitationthatfallsonlandwithintheLivermoreValleygeneratesstormwaterrunoff.Thisrunoffisconveyedinanumberofnaturalandmanmadefloodprotectionsystems.Thesesystemsinteractwithoneanother,andpotentialimprovementstoonesystemmayimpacttheperformanceofothersystems,eitherpositivelyornegatively.Stormrunoffisdeliveredtothemajorfloodprotectionfacilitiesthroughasystemofstreetgutters,pipes,ditchesandpumpstations.PumpingsystemsprovidefloodprotectionatrailroadunderpassesnearthedowntownareaofLivermore.PumpstationsalongtherailroadunderpassesarelocatedattheintersectionofEastStanleyBoulevardandIsabelAvenue,northofStanleyBoulevardonMurrietaBoulevard,andnorthofRailroadAvenueat“P”StreetandNorthLivermoreAvenue(Schaaf&Wheeler2004).

3.6.1.2 Recent Flood Protection Measures Taken

TheCityofLivermorehasrecognizedinadequaciesintheexistingstormdrainsystem.Inanefforttoalleviatethisproblemtheyhavecompletedchannelandpipelineimprovements.RecentCityactivityhasfocusedon(Schaaf&Wheeler2004):

1. AsmallchannelbetweenArroyoRoadandTahoeDrivewasconstructedinthesouthwesttoalleviateundersizedpipes.



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2. PhaseIofthedowntownstormdrainimprovementprojectshasbeenconstructedalongHolmesStreetfrom“S”StreettoArroyoMocho.

3. ChannelimprovementsnearSpringtown.

4. ConcannonBoulevardextensionwithremovalofWenteStreetcorrugatedmetalpipe(CMP)culvertcrossingwithinstallationofafreespanningbridge.

5. PumpstationimprovementsatMurrietacrossingtoaddprovisionforbackupemergencymobilepump.

3.7 Groundwater and Water Supply ThePlanningAreaiswithintheLivermoreValleygroundwaterbasin.Thebasincoversapproximately69,700acres,whichextendwesttoeastfromthePleasantonRidgeandtheCalaverasfaulttotheAltamontHillsandtheGreenvillefault,andextendnorthtosouthfromtheTassajaraUplandtotheLivermoreUplandandVeronafault.Thefaultsintheareapreventlateralmovementofgroundwater.Thevalleyfloor,formedbyafaultedasymmetricsyncline,overliesdepositsfromalluvialfans,outwashplains,streambedsandlakescomposedofvalley‐fillmaterials,theLivermoreFormation,andtheTassajaraFormation.Thealluviumconsistsofunconsolidatedgravel,sand,silt,andclay.Themaximumdepthofthealluvialdepositsislessthan100feetineastLivermoreValleyandincreasesto400feeteastofPleasanton.TheLivermoreandTassajaraFormationsaredeeper,upto4,000feetthick,andconsistofmaterialstypicalinseafloordepositscontaininggravel,sand,chert,shale,andclays.ThegeneralgroundwatergradientflowstothewestandthensouthtowardtheArroyodelaLaguna.Thetotalstoragecapacityofthebasinisapproximately500,000acre‐feet,whiletheamountofgroundwaterinstoragewasestimatedat219,000acre‐feetin1999.

ThebasinisdividedintoaprimaryMainBasinandsecondaryFringeBasins.TheMainBasiniscomposedofAmador,Bernal,Castle,andMochoIIsubbasins.GroundwaterlevelsintheMainBasincanrangefrom10to20feetbelowthesurfaceinunconfinedaquifers.ThesubbasinisboundedtothewestbythePleasantonfault,totheeastbytheLivermorefault,tothenorthbyapermeabilitybarrierofinterfingeringalluvialdepositswithnon‐water‐bearingformations.Thissubbasinhashighproductionwells.

Zone7hasactivelyusedtheLivermoreValleygroundwaterbasinasasupplyofdrinkingwatersince1974.Zone7currentlyoperates210wellsannually.Zone7preparesaWellMasterPlanin2004,whichidentifiestheconstructionofadditionalwaterwellsintheChainofLakesarea.Whilemostofthenewwellsareproposedsouthoftheprojectarea,theremaybeaneedtoplacesomewithintheprojectarea.TheCaliforniaWaterServiceCompanyalsooperateswellswithinLivermorecitylimits;however,allofthemareoutsidethePlanningArea.AccordingtoZone7monitoringreports,thegroundwaterbudgetisessentiallyinbalancewithaslightnetdeficit(790acre‐feet).Approximately10,000acre‐feetareextractedfordomesticwatersupply;190acre‐feet,foragriculturaluses;and12,600acre‐feet,forgravelminingoperations.Naturalandartificialrechargefromrainfall,releasesfromtheSouthBayAqueductorLakeDelValle(whichisapproximately8milessoutheastoftheprojectarea),andgravelminingrechargetotheArroyoMochoandtheArroyoDelValle(whichdrainsfromLakeDelValle,travelsinanorthwesterlyfashion,eventuallyjoiningwiththeArroyoMochoupstreamofBernal)accountforapproximately22,000acre‐feetperyear.TheAmadorsubbasinwellproductionrangesfrom42to2,820gallonsperminute(gpm)andspecificcapacitiesof1.1to217gpmperfootofdrawdown(ESAAssociates2006).



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3.8 Water Quality Descriptionsofkeywaterqualityparametersinrelationtosurfacewaterandgroundwaterqualityareprovidedinthefollowingsections.Dependingontheavailableinformation,localgroundwaterqualityandsurfacewaterqualityaredescribedinmoredetailbelow.

3.8.1 Surface Water Quality

TheU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS)andSanFranciscoBayRWQCBhavemonitoredwaterqualitywithinthePlanningArea.TheUSGSmonitoredfoursitesalongtheArroyoLasPositasforwaterqualityduringtheearly1980s(U.S.GeologicalSurvey2004).FoursiteswithinthePlanningAreaweremonitoredin2001and2002bytheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB(2004).Usingadditionalsourcesandlocations,Zone7hascreatedawaterflowrecordbackto1912andwaterqualitydatabackto1948.ThesedatasuggestthatthewaterqualityoftheArroyoLasPositashasremainedrelativelyunchangedthroughoutthepast20years.Waterqualityobjectivesarebeingmetformostconstituents.Totaldissolvedsolids(TDS)thresholds,however,areexceededregularly,andthewaterishighinchlorides.AlkalinesoilsinnaturalsectionsofthecreekareacontributingfactoroftheelevatedTDSlevels.Existingerosionofbedandbanksisalsocontributingsedimenttothecreek.

ExtensivewaterqualitydatawerenotavailablefortheArroyoMochoorCottonwoodCreek.However,thewaterqualityisexpectedtoreflectthelandusesinthewatershed.Landusessurroundingthecreeksincludeopenspace,urban/industrial,andagriculturaluses.Openspaceisnotanticipatedtocontributepollutantstowaterbodiesabovebackgroundlevels,exceptwhenitincludesgrazing,whichwouldtypicallycontributesediment,nutrients,andbacteria.Urbanandagriculturallandusestypicallycontributesediment,hydrocarbonsandmetals,pesticides,nutrients,bacteria,andtrash.Theproposedlanduseswouldbeexpectedtocontributesimilarcontaminants.

BoththeArroyoLasPositasandtheArroyoMochoarelistedashighlyimpairedwaterbodiesunderSection303(d)oftheCWAfordiazinonfromurbanrunoffandstormdrains.Movingdownstream,theArroyodelaLagunaandAlamedaCreekarebothhighlyimpairedfordiazinonfromurbanrunoffandstormdrains.ThesouthernSanFranciscoBay,thereceivingwatersforAlamedaCreek,isimpairedbyanumberofconstituents.

3.8.2 Groundwater Quality

GroundwaterqualityishighlyvariablethroughouttheLivermoreValleygroundwaterbasin.Zone7activelymonitorsthegroundwaterqualityofthebasin.TherehasbeenanetincreaseinTDS,andtheassociatedsaltcontent,overtime.Basedonthe1974baselineofstoragevolumeandsaltconcentration,aswellasannualfluxesinrechargeandsalts,estimatesofthe2005theoreticalTDSbasin‐wideis710milligramsperliter(mg/L)(Jones&Stokes2006).AttwokeywellsmonitoredbyZone7overthepasttenyears,actualTDSlevelshavefluctuatedbetween410to790mg/Lwithmostoftherecordsbetween470to620mg/L(Jones&Stokes2006).Zone7hasidentifiedrechargeoflocalstreamflow,rechargeofimportedwater,subsurfaceinflow,andirrigationreturnflowsasmajorsourcesofsalttothemainbasin.Elevatednitrateplumesoccurinthecentralandeasternvalleyfromlivestockmanureandthehistoricusageofseptictanks.FortheAmadorsubbasin,watersareofgoodtoexcellentquality,characterizedbysodiumbicarbonate,magnesiumbicarbonate,andcalciumbicarbonatewithafewinstancesofelevatedlevelsofboron(likelyfromnaturalsourcesinsoils)andnitrate(likelyfromagriculturalcontributions).



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3.9 Vegetation Communities and Creek/Channel Land Cover

VegetationcommunitiesandlandcovertypesidentifiedinthisSMParebasedontherecentvegetationcommunitymappingcompletedfortheEACCS(ICFInternational2010).TheSMPAreaencompasses12vegetationcommunitiescoveringapproximately789acresincluding:

alkalimeadowandscalds;

Californiaannualgrassland;

mixedevergreenforest/oakwoodland

mixedriparianforestandwoodland;

mixedwillowriparianscrub;

valleysinkscrub;

alkaliwetland;

perennialfreshwatermarsh;

seasonalwetland;

pond;and

riverine.

Inaddition,sixnon‐naturallandcovertypesarepresentintheSMPprojectareaincluding:

vineyard;

cropland;

ruderal;

golfcourse/urbanpark;

urban‐suburban;and

ruralresidential.

Eachofthesefifteenlandcovertypesisdiscussedbelow.SMPlandcovermappingissummarizedinTable3‐1.SeeFigures3‐7through3‐145forlandcovermappingwithinindividualcreekandchannelreaches.

3.9.1 Alkali Meadow and Scalds

AlkalimeadowandscaldisrelativelyrareintheSMPArea.Itisfoundonapproximately10acres,predominantlyinthenortheastcorneroftheSMPArea.ThemostnotableareaswherethislandcoveroccursincludetheSpringtownAlkaliSink.

Dominantspeciesinalkalimeadowsincludesaltgrass,wildbarley,andalkaliryegrass.Theassociatedherbcoverconsistsofhalophytes,includingsaltbush,alkaliheath,alkaliweed,alkalimallow,andcommonspikeweed.Alkalimeadow(alkaligrassland)communitytypeisconsideredasignificantnaturalcommunitybytheCaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase(CNDDB)becauseofits



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rarityandthepressingthreatstotheremnantcommunitiesfromlanduseconversion,invasivespecies,andchangesinhydrologicregimewithinthewatershed.FocalplantspeciesthatmaybefoundinthislandcovertypeincludeSanJoaquinspearscale,recurvedlarkspur,Congdon’starplant,palmate‐bractedbird’s‐beak,andLivermoreValleytarplant.

3.9.2 California Annual Grassland

Californiaannualgrasslandoccupiesanestimated180acresoftheSMPArea.ThislandcovertypeisfoundthroughouttheSMPArea.

Californiaannualgrasslandisanherbaceousplantcommunitydominatedbynonnativeannualgrasses(Holland1986;SawyerandKeeler‐Wolf1995).Intheprojectarea,annualgrasslandwasmappedwheregrassesandforbsdominatethelandcoverandwheretreesandshrubscompriselessthan10%canopycover.ThedominantspeciesaremostlynonnativegrassesfromtheMediterraneanbasin,suchassoftchess,redbrome,wildoats,ripgutbrome,andrat‐tailfescue).Inthespring,manyoftheannualgrasslandsareinterspersedwithavarietyofnativewildflowerstypicaloftheinnerCoastRanges.Commonlyfoundspeciesofwildflowersinthesegrasslandsincludelupine,fiddleneck,popcornflower,Californiapoppy,owl’sclover,andclarkia(Jones&Stokes2003).Insomeareas,nonnativeweedyvegetation,suchasthistles,mustards,andavarietyofotherweedyforbs,arealsocommon.

FocalplantspeciesthatmaybefoundinthislandcovertypeincludebigtarplantandCongdon’starplant.FocalwildlifespeciesthatcouldoccurinCaliforniaannualgrasslandsincludeSanJoaquinkitfox,westernburrowingowl,Californiared‐leggedfrog,Californiatigersalamander,goldeneagle,tricoloredblackbird,andAmericanbadger.Alamedawhipsnakemayusegrasslandsadjacenttochaparralorscrubformovement.Californiared‐leggedfrogandCaliforniatigersalamanderbreedinaquatichabitats(e.g.,ponds)withingrasslands,andusegrasslandsasmovementandundergroundrefugiahabitat.GrasslandprovidespotentialhabitatintheprojectareaforalllifestagesofthefederallyendangeredCallippesilverspotbutterfly.Severalspeciesofbirdsalsouseannualgrasslandsasimportantforaginghabitat.

3.9.3 Mixed Evergreen Forest/Oak Woodland

Mixedevergreenforest/oakwoodlandoccupiesanestimated11acresofthetotalSMPArea.ItispresentindiscontinuousareasinthesouthernhalfoftheSMPArea.ThelargestcontiguousstandsarenearLakeDelValle,inthesouth‐centralpartoftheSMPArea.

Mixedevergreenforest/oakwoodlandischaracterizedbyadiverseoverstoryoftendominatedbycoastliveoak.Thislandcovertypecontainsamixofco‐dominantoakssuchascoastliveoak,blueoak,andvalleyoak.Thecanopyofthislandcovertypeisgenerallymoreopenandincludessomedeciduousspecies.Inadditiontothearrayofdominantoaksinthislandcovertype,anumberofbothbroad‐leafedevergreenanddeciduoustreesarepresent,includingCaliforniabay,madrone,Californiabuckeye,andblackoak(Holland1986;SawyerandKeeler‐Wolf1995).Whereshrubby,theunderstoryconsistsofpatchesoftoyon,poison‐oak,andscruboak.Wheremoreopen,theunderstorytypicallyconsistsofannualgrassesandshade‐tolerantperennials,suchasyerbasantaandcommonsnowberry.



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Therearenofocalspeciesspecificallyassociatedwithmixedevergreenforest/oakwoodland,butfocalspeciestypicallyassociatedwithotherhabitattypesthatoccuradjacenttothemixedevergreenforest/oakwoodlandcouldbefoundwithinmixedevergreenforest/oakwoodland.

3.9.4 Mixed Willow Riparian Scrub

Mixedwillowriparianscruboccupiesanestimated33acresofthetotalSMPArea.Mixedwillowriparianscruboccursinandalongthemarginsoftheactivechannelonintermittentandperennialstreams.IntheSMPArea,themostcontiguousreachofwillowriparianforestandscruboccursalongArroyoMochoandalongArroyodelValleasitpassesthroughLivermore.

IntheeastBayArea,streamsidehabitatdominatedbyshrubbywillowsisclassifiedasCentralCoastRiparianScrub(Holland1986).Althoughredwillowandarroyowillowremainthemostcommondominantcanopyspeciesinthishabitat,thenameofthelandcoverhasbeenchangedtomixedriparianforestandscrubtobetterreflecttheconditionswithintheSMPArea.Understorydevelopmentinwillowscruborforestlandcovertypesisdictatedbycanopydensity.Wherethecanopyismoreopenanddominatedbytreesorscatteredwillowscrub,anunderstoryofshrubsandherbsispresent.

Arangeofconditionsexistsamongthemixedwillowriparianscrubcommunity.Yellowwillow,redwillow,arroyowillow,andnarrowleafwillowarethedominantcanopyspeciesinthishabitat.Scrubcommunitiestypicallyconsistofscatteredwillowsandmulefatoccurringinandalongthemarginsofopensandywashes.Understorydevelopmentinthislandcovertypeiscontrolledbycanopydensity.

Californiared‐leggedfrogandfoothill‐yellowleggedfrogutilizethislandcoveryear‐roundforbreedingandmovement,thoughsomeofthestreamcoursethatpassthroughurbanareasarelesssuitable.Alamedawhipsnakeusesriparianforestandscrubhabitatsformovementduringdispersal.Nocoveredplantsarestrictlyassociatedwithriparianforestandscrublandcovertypes.Ripariancorridorsingeneralareimportantasmovementhabitatfornearlyallterrestrialspecies.Thesecommunitiesservetoconnectthelandscapeastheymovethroughotherlandcovertypes.

3.9.5 Mixed Riparian Forest and Woodland

Mixedriparianforestandwoodlandoccupiesapproximately171acresofthetotalSMPArea.MixedriparianforestandwoodlandisfoundinassociationwithstreamsthroughouttheSMPArea.StandsofthislandcoverincludesectionsofArroyoLosPositasandArroyoMochoastheypassthroughLivermore.

Mixedriparianforestandwoodlandlandcovertypesaresimilartowillowriparianforestsandwoodlandsinspeciesoccurrences.Theyarefoundinandalongthemarginsoftheactivechannelonintermittentandperennialstreams.Generally,nosinglespeciesdominatesthecanopy,andcompositionvarieswithelevation,aspect,hydrology,andcreekorchanneltype.ThemajorcanopyspeciesthroughouttheSMPAreaareCaliforniasycamore,valleyoak,coastliveoak,redwillow,andCaliforniabay.AssociatedtreesandshrubsincludeCaliforniablackwalnut,otherspeciesofwillow,Californiabuckeye,Fremontcottonwood,andbigleafmaple.

Focalspeciesassociatedwiththislandcovertypearethesameasmixedwillowriparianscrub.



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3.9.6 Sycamore Alluvial Woodland

Sycamorealluvialwoodlandisasensitivenaturalcommunityandwasmappedon68acresoftheSMPArea.IntheSMPArea,thislandcovertypeoccursentirelywithintheArroyodelVallestreamreach.

Sycamorealluvialwoodlandwasreadilyidentifiedbythelarge,well‐spacedsycamorecrowns.Inearlywinteraerialimagery,thelargepalebranchesandhalooffallengolden‐yellowleaveswerevisible.Thelandscapeposition,onbroadalluvialvalleyfloors,wasalsoindicativeofthislandcovertype.

Thesycamorealluvialwoodlandlandcovertypeisgenerallypresentonbroadfloodplainsandterracesalonglowgradientstreamswithdeepalluvium.AreasmappedassycamorealluvialwoodlandaregenerallyopencanopywoodlandsdominatedbyCaliforniasycamore,oftenwithwhitealderandwillows(Salixspp.).Otherassociatedspeciesincludebigleafmaple,valleyoak,coastliveoak,andCaliforniabay.

Theunderstoryisdisturbedbywinterflows,andherbaceousvegetationistypicallysparseorpatchy.Typically,plantssuchaswillows,coyotebrush,mulefat,Californiabuckeye,blackberry,Italianthistle,poison‐oak,commonchickweedandbedstrawpopulatethestreambanks.

Althoughitoccursalongstreams,sycamorealluvialwoodlandundergoesextremevariationinwateravailability.Duringtherainyseason,thestreamchannelandadjacentterracesaresubjecttoflooding.Duringthesummerdrought,thestreamsaregenerallydry,andlittlemoistureisavailableinthestonysubstrate.Thealluvialsubstratecontainslittlesoilandisnutrientpoor.Floodingalsosubjectssycamorealluvialforesttofrequentdisturbance.However,thisdisturbanceappearstobenefitregenerationofwesternsycamores.Regenerationfromseedappearstooccurinpulsescorrelatedwithlargefloodevents(Shanfield1984).Treesthataredamagedbyfloodingcanalsoresproutfromtherootsandtrunk(Shanfield1984).Anthracnose,afungaldisease,candefoliatethetreesinspringtime(Holstein1984).Heavycattlegrazingmayinhibitrecruitmentofsycamoreseedlings,althoughrecruitmentmayoccurunderlightgrazinginfavorable(wet)years(Smith1998).

FocalspeciesthatmayoccurinsycamorealluvialwoodlandincludeCaliforniared‐leggedfrog,westernpondturtle,andAmericanbadger.Californiared‐leggedfrogandwesternpondturtlebreedandtypicallyforageinaquatichabitats(e.g.,streams)withinsycamorealluvialwoodland,andusesycamorealluvialwoodlandasmovementandundergroundrefugiahabitat.Sycamorealluvialwoodlandprovidespotentialmovementhabitatand,wheregopherorgroundsquirrelcoloniesexist,foraginghabitatintheSMPAreaforAmericanbadger.Severalspeciesofbirdsalsousesycamorealluvialwoodlandsasimportantforagingandnestinghabitat.

3.9.7 Valley Sink Scrub

Valleysinkscrub,alsoknownasalkalisinkscrub,wasmappedon20acresoftheSMPArea.ItgenerallyoccursinthenorthernhalfoftheSMPArea,mostnotablyintheSpringtownAlkaliSinkandadjacenttoFrickLakejustnortheastofLivermore.Valleysinkscrubcouldalsooccurinanyofthelocationsmappedasalkalimeadowandscald,andthelandcovershouldbemappedattheparcelscaleduringprojectreview.



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Thiscommunitydevelopswhereclay‐richalkalinesoilsareseasonallysaturatedbecauseofashallowwatertable,lowsurfacerunoff,andslowinfiltration(Bittman1985).Valleysinkscrubisrarecomparedwithitshistoricalextent,andmostoftheremainingoccurrencesarehighlydegraded(U.S.FishandWildlifeService1998).ThishabitatisconsideredsensitivebyCDFW(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2009).

Valleysinkscrubisdominatedbyadiscontinuousshrublayerofiodinebushandalkaliseepweed.Theherbaceouslayerconsistsofapatchworkofbarren,salt‐encrustedscaldsandalkaligrasslandvegetation.FocalplantspeciesthatmayoccurinvalleysinkscrubincludeSanJoaquinspearscale,palmate‐bractedbird’sbeak,andLivermoreValleytarplant.FocalwildlifespeciesthatmayoccurorareknowntooccurinvalleysinkscrubincludeSanJoaquinkitfoxandwesternburrowingowl.Californiared‐leggedfrogsandCaliforniatigersalamandersmayusevalleysinkscrubforuplandhabitatorashabitatorformovementcorridors.

3.9.8 Alkali Wetland

WithintheSMPArea,alkaliwetlandsoccupyanestimated14acresofthetotalSMPArea.ThesewetlandsoccurprimarilyinthenorthernhalfoftheSMPArea,particularlyalongcreeksandchannelswherealkalisoilsoccur.AlargeralkaliwetlandcomplexoccursintheSpringtownAlkaliSink,northofLivermore.Alkaliwetlandssupportpondedorsaturatedsoilconditionsandoccurasperennialorseasonallywetfeaturesonalkalisoils.Alkaliwetlandsweremappedwherewetlandsoccurredinassociationwithalkalisoils.

Thevegetationofalkaliwetlandsiscomposedofhalophyticplantspeciesadaptedtobothwetlandconditionsandhighsalinitylevels.Typicalspeciesincludethosecommontobothseasonalandalkaliwetlands,suchassaltgrass,alkaliheath,andcommonspikeweed.

Alkaliwetlandsprovidefunctionandvalueforwildlifesimilartothoseprovidedbyseasonalwetlands.Thearrayofwildlifespeciesfoundinseasonalwetlandsisalsofoundinalkaliwetlands.SeethesectionbelowontheSpringtownAlkaliSinkformoredetails.

3.9.8.1 Springtown Alkali Sink

TheSpringtownAlkaliSinkisabiologicallyuniqueareathatsupportsseveralstate‐andfederallylistedplantandwildlifespecies(Kohlmannetal.2008).Itencompassesapproximately1,150acresatthenorthernedgeofthecityofLivermoreandadjacentAlamedaCounty.Thesinkisatopographicdepressioninwhichsaltshaveconcentrated;thesesalts,andtheuniqueandcomplexsurfaceandgroundwaterhydrologyoftheregion,supportanunusuallyhighdiversityanddensityofsensitivebioticcommunitiesandfocalspecies.

Boundary of the Sink

Historically,SpringtownAlkaliSinkoccupiedanirregularlyshapedareaofmorethan3,000acres.Thehistoricalboundariesofthesinkcanbedeterminedthroughhistoricalaerialphotosandtheextentofthesaline‐alkalinesoils(SoilConservationService1966;Coatsetal.1988).ThesinkformerlyextendedwesttotheintersectionofHartfordAvenueandNorthLivermoreAvenue,easttoFrickLake,southalmosttoI‐580,andnorthalmosttothe“MaySchoolRoad”line(alineformedbyextendingMaySchoolRoadtotheeast).



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Theextentofthesinkhasbeengreatlyreducedbyresidentialdevelopmentinthesouthandagriculturaloperationsinthenorth.High‐qualityhabitatsarecurrentlyfoundintwodisjunctareasoneithersideofVascoRoad.Thisboundaryisbasedlargelyontheextentofsaline‐alkalinesoilsofthePescaderoandSolanosoilseries,whichindicatesthehistoricalextentofthesink.ThelargerofthetwoareasofthesinkstretchesfromAmesRoadintheeasttoNorthLivermoreAvenueinthewest.ThisareaalsoincludesasmallwatershedupstreamoftheintersectionofRaymondRoadandAmesStreetthatcontainssaline‐alkalinesoilsandfocalspecies,andsupportsthehydrologyofthesink.EastofVascoRoad,thesinkincludesahighdensityofwetlandsandfocalspecies,andthesaline‐alkalinesoilsalongBrushyPealTributary.ThemostprominentfeatureinthisareaisFrickLake,theonlylargesalinevernalpoolknowntoexistinthecounty.

Hydrology of the Sink

Thesinkisinfluencedbybothsurfaceandgroundwaterflowsintothebasinfromfreshandsalinesources.Surfaceflowstothesinkcomefromsevensouth‐andsouthwest‐drainingsubbasins(Jones&Stokes2003).ThelargestsubbasinsarethosecontainingBrushyPeakTributaryandAltamontCreek;thesecontributesaline‐alkalineflowsfromtheeastandnortheast.TheremainingsixsubbasinsareconsiderablysmallerthantheBrushyPeak–AltamontCreeksubbasin.Inthepast,theBrushyPeak–AltamontCreeksubbasincontributedbyfarthelargestproportionofsurfacewaterandgroundwaterenteringthesink’swetlandandsaline‐alkalinehabitats(Coatsetal.1988;PhillipWilliams&Associates1988;QuestaEngineeringCorporation1998).BecauseofsignificantmodificationstoAltamontCreekandgradingrelatedtoresidentialdevelopment,agreaterproportionofthesurfacewaterandgroundwaterenteringthesink’slowlandhabitatsnowcomesfromsubbasinstothenorthandnorthwest,particularlythesubbasinthatcontainsNorthLivermoreAvenue(QuestaEngineeringCorporation1998).

Atpresent,themostprominenthydrologicfeatureinthesinkisFrickLake,locatedinthearea’snortheasterncorner.FrickLakeisaseasonallypondedbasinthatcoversabout24acresathighwater.Thelakeisprimarilyfedbyincidentalprecipitationandbyrunofffromrangelandstotheeast.Minoramountsofrunoffalsoenterthelakefromthenorthandsouth.Vegetationsurroundingthelakesuggeststhatitswaterissaline.Neitherthechemistrynortheoriginofthelakehasbeenstudiedtodate.FrickLakemayhaveformedasupliftalongtheGreenvilleFaultblockedwestward‐flowingdrainagesattherangefront,poolingwaterbehindalocaltopographichigh;althoughLaughlinRoadfollowsthewestmarginofthelake,itwaslikelybuiltonanexistingelevatedsurfaceanddoesnotappeartoconfinethelake.

Thesinkalsocontainsahighdensityofseasonalwetlandsandvernalpools.Thesepoolsfillwithwaterinthewinterandslowlydryduringspring.Thepoolsareformedindepressionswithinamosaicof“hogwallow”or“mimamound”topography.Thepoolsarefedbysurfacerunoffinthecomplexmicrotopographyandsmallchannelsthatwindthroughthesink.Thesepoolssupportahighdiversityofaquaticandsemiaquaticorganisms,asdescribedbelow.

Thesinkalsoreceivessignificantinfluxofsaltsandflowsjustbelowthesurfaceinashallowgroundwaterlayer.Thisshallowlayeroccursfromthesurfacetobetween6and10feetdeep,aboveasemi‐confiningclaypan/hardpan(PhillipWilliams&Associates1988;QuestaEngineeringCorporation1998).Nearthesurface,groundwaterflowsintothesinkthroughburiedchannelsthatmayhavebeenhistoricalcreeks.Thesesubsurfacechannelsenterthesinkfromthenorthwest,north,andnortheast.Althoughnotwellstudied,theyappeartoextendasfarwestasNorthLivermoreAvenue,asfarnorthasManningRoad,andasfareastasLaughlinRoad(Questa



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EngineeringCorporation1998).Thesesubsurfacechannelsappeartoplayamajorroleinwaterbudgetandsaltbalanceofthesink(Lamphier&AssociatesandSWAGroup2000),andpointtotheimportanceofpreservingthegroundwaterhydrologywithinthelargerwatershedsofthesink.

Biotic Communities of the Sink

Bioticcommunitieswithinthesinkconsistofvalleysinkscrub,alkaligrassland,andCaliforniaannualgrassland.Allthreeofthoselandcovertypesaredescribedabove.

Focal Species of the Sink

Thesinkisunique,inpart,becauseofitsconcentrationoffocalspecies.Probablythemostuniqueofthesespeciesispalmate‐bractedbird’sbeak,listedasendangeredundertheESAandCESA.Otherspecial‐statusplantspeciesthatoccurinthesinkincludebrittlescale,SanJoaquinspearscale,hispidbird’s‐beak,andLivermoreValleytarplant.Special‐statuswildlifespeciesknowntooccurinthesinkincludeCaliforniared‐leggedfrog,Californiatigersalamander,vernalpoolfairyshrimp,andwesternburrowingowl.SanJoaquinkitfoxmayoccasionallyusetheeasternportionofthesink.

3.9.9 Perennial Freshwater Marsh

WithintheSMPArea,perennialfreshwatermarshoccupiesanestimated11acresofthetotalSMPArea.PerennialfreshwatermarshislikelytohavebeenunderestimatedintheEACCSlandcovermappingduetothesmallsizeofthesefeaturesandthedifficultyofdistinguishingmarshfromthesurroundinggrasslandonthespringaerialphotos.Someperennialfreshwatermarshisalsodifficulttodistinguishfromseasonalwetlandduringwinter.

Perennialfreshwatermarshisdominatedbyemergentherbaceousplants(reeds,sedges,grasses)witheitherintermittentfloodedorperenniallysaturatedsoils.FreshwatermarshesarefoundthroughoutthecoastaldrainagesofCaliforniawhereverwaterslowsdownandaccumulates,evenonatemporaryorseasonalbasis.Afreshwatermarshusuallyfeaturesshallowwaterthatisoftencloggedwithdensemassesofvegetation,resultingindeeppeatysoils.Plantspeciescommontocoastalandvalleyfreshwatermarshpredominantlyconsistofcattails,bulrushes,sedges,andrushes.DominantspeciesinperennialfreshwaterwetlandintheSMPAreaincluderabbitsfootgrass,nutsedge,willowweed,andwatercress.Dominantspeciesinnon‐tidalfreshwatermarsharenarrow‐leavedcattail,ricecutgrass,bur‐reed,alkalibulrush,andperennialpeppergrass.

FocalspeciesthatmaybefoundbreedingintheperennialfreshwatermarshlandcovertypeincludetricoloredblackbirdandCaliforniared‐leggedfrog.

3.9.10 Seasonal Wetland

WithintheSMPArea,seasonalwetlandsoccupyanestimated22acresofthetotalSMPArea.SeasonalwetlandsoccurinassociationwithriparianlandcoveralongArroyoLasPositas.Thislandcovertypeoftenoccursadjacenttoalkaliwetland.ThesetwolandcovertypesweredifferentiatedbasedontheunderlyingsoilsintheEACCSlandcovermapping.Seasonalwetlandsarelikelyunderrepresentedinthelandcovermapbecauseoftheirtypicallysmallsizeandisolatedlocations,anddifficultyininterpretingthephotographicsignatureofindividualfeatures.However,largeseasonalwetlandcomplexes(i.e.,groupsofmanysmallpoolsorwetlands)wereeasilyvisibleonaerialphotos.



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Seasonalwetlandsarefreshwaterwetlandsthatsupportpondedorsaturatedsoilconditionsduringwinterandspringandaredrythroughthesummerandfalluntilthefirstsubstantialrainfall.Thevegetationiscomposedofwetlandgeneralists,suchashyssoploosestrife,cocklebur,andItalianryegrassthattypicallyoccurinfrequentlydisturbedsites,suchasalongstreams.CommonspeciesinseasonalwetlandswithintheSMPAreaincludewatercress,waterspeedwell,andsmartweeds(Jones&Stokes2001).

3.9.11 Pond

Pondsoccupyapproximately2acresoftheSMPArea.Pondsareimportanthabitatnetworksthatfacilitatespeciesmovementandincreasebreedingdiversity.

Pondsaresmallperennialorseasonalwaterbodieswithlittleornovegetation.Ifvegetationispresent,itistypicallysubmergedorfloating.Pondsmayoccurnaturallyormaybecreatedorexpandedforlivestockuse(stockponds).

ThemajorityofthepondsintheSMPAreaaremostoftenstockpondsthatprovidewatertograzinglivestock.Landshistoricallyusedforgrazing,butcurrentlyprotectedasopenspace,alsocontainhistoricalstockpondsindisrepairthatmaybearesultofnotusinggrazingasamanagementtool.Plantsoftenassociatedwithpondsincludefloatingplantssuchasduckweed(Lemnaspp.)orrootedplantssuchascattails,bulrushes,sedges,rushes,watercress,andwaterprimrose.Stockpondsareoftensurroundedbypasturewithgrazinglivestock.Immediatelyadjacenttothestockpond,soilmaybeexposedduetothecontinuedpresenceoflivestock.Stockpondswithoutgrazingmaybeovergrownandsurroundedbywetlandvegetationincludingwillows,cattails,reeds,bulrushes,sedges,andtules,thusreducinghabitatvalueforwildlife.

FocalspeciesthatusepondsduringallorpartoftheyearincludeCaliforniatigersalamander,Californiared‐leggedfrog,andtricoloredblackbird.Thesespeciesrelyonpondsandbrowsinganimalsforbreedingsites.Nofocalplantsareassociatedwithponds.

3.9.12 Riverine Stream

Thereareapproximately43linearmilesand41acresofstreamswithintheSMPArea.MajorstreamsintheSMPAreaincludeArroyodelValle,ArroyoMochoandArroyoLasPositas,andAltamontCreek.Streamscanbeunvegetatedalongtheirbanksorsupportvarioustypesofriparianvegetation.Streamsthatsupportriparianvegetationwerecategorizedintooneofthethreeriparianlandcovertypes.ForacompletepictureoftheextentofstreamsintheSMPAreathestreamandriparianlandcoversshouldbeconsideredtogether.

Thestreamlandcovertypeincludesperennial,intermittent,andephemeralwatercoursescharacterizedbyadefinedbedandbank.Perennialstreamssupportflowingwateryear‐roundinnormalrainfallyears.ThesestreamsareoftenmarkedonUSGSquadranglemapswithablueline,andareknownasblue‐linestreams.InthesemiaridMediterraneanclimateoftheSMPAreawithitswetanddryseasons,perennialstreamflowsareenhancedinthedryseasonthroughgroundwateraquifercontributions,flowsfromshallowersprings/seeps,andreservoirreleases.Intermittent(seasonal)streamscarrywaterthoughmostofthewetseason(November–April)andaredrythroughmostorallofthedryseason(May–October)inanormalrainfallyear.Morespecifically,inthewetseason,intermittentstreamflowoccurswhenthewatertableisraised,orrejuvenated,followingearlyseasonrainsthatfillshallowsubsurfaceaquifers.Intermittentflowscanalsobe



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consideredasthebaseflowsbetweenstormeventsthatcontinueonthroughmuchofthewinterseason.Ephemeralstreamscarrywateronlyduringorimmediatelyfollowingarainfallevent.Allstreamsarejurisdictionaliftheyhaveadefinedbedandbank(refertoregulatorydescriptionsinChapter2).

Thecreekorchannellandcovertypeismostcloselyassociatedwithriparianplants(seethe“RiparianForestandScrub”sectionabovefordiscussionofriparianlandcovertypes).Theriparianplantcompositionandwidthoftheripariancorridorvarydependingonchannelslope,magnitudeandfrequencyofchannelandoverbankflows,andthefrequency/durationoffloodingflowsthatinundatethebroaderfloodplain.Willowsmaybecomeestablishedin‐channelinareasofsedimentdeposition,unlesssuppressedbyintensivegrazing.Woodydebris,suchasfallentreesthataresubmergedinstreams,providesgoodhabitatandshelterforfishandaquaticinvertebrates.

Streamsystemsprovidehabitatforaquaticmacroinvertebrates,whichareanimportantfoodsourceforlocalanddownstreampopulationsoffish,birds,andotheranimals.FurtherdownstreamoutsideoftheSMPArea,belowthefloodcontroldropstructure(BayAreaRapidTransitweir)adjacenttotheQuarryLakesRegionalRecreationArea,centralCaliforniacoaststeelheadandCentralValleyfall‐runChinooksalmonhavebeenobserved.CentralCaliforniacoaststeelheadusestreamswithsuitabledepths,velocities,andtemperaturesforjuvenilerearingandfeeding.JuvenileCentralValleyfall‐runChinooksalmonusethemarginsofriversandstreamsafteremergingfromgravelstofeed.Theyalsouseoverhangingvegetationandsubstrateforcover.FocalspeciesthatrelyonstreamlandcoverincludeCaliforniared‐leggedfrog,foothillyellow‐leggedfrog,andtricoloredblackbird.AlamedawhipsnakeandSanJoaquinkitfoxcouldusetheripariancorridorsadjacenttostreamhabitatsformovementcorridors.

3.9.13 Vineyard

Vineyardsoccupy1acreoftheSMPArea.VineyardsaremostlylocatedsouthofLivermore,thoughsomevineyarddevelopmentisalsostartingnorthofLivermore.Vineyarddevelopmentinnaturalhabitatssubstantiallydegradeswildlifehabitat.Somefocalspeciesaresometimesobservedinvineyards(e.g.,foragingandmovement).Insomeareas,nonnativeweedyvegetation,suchasthistles,mustards,andavarietyofotherweedyforbs,maybefound.

3.9.14 Cropland

Croplandisthemostcommonofthefarmlandlandcovertypesinthelow‐lyingareasoftheSMPArea,occupying12acres.CroplandsareabundantthroughouttheLivermoreValleynorthandsouthofthecityofLivermore.

Row‐cropsarethoseareastilledandcultivatedforagriculturalcropssuchascorn,grain,strawberries,peppers,andpumpkins.Theserow‐cropscanalsobeconvertedtootheragriculturaluses.Fallowfieldsincludefieldsthatwerenotinproductionatthetimeofaerialphotos,butmaybeutilizedforgrain,row‐crops,andhayandpastureinsubsequentyears.

Hayandpastureincludebothdrylandsettingsandirrigatedareas.Thekeydifferencebetweenhayproductionandpastureisthatcropsareharvestedonsiteandconsumedoffsite(hayisalsocut,bailed,andtruckedoffsite),whereaspastureisconsumedbylivestockonsite.Commonvegetationincludesfast‐growingforagegrasses,suchaswildoatsandItalianryegrass,aswellasirrigated



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legumessuchasalfalfa,sweetclover,andtrueclover.Insomeareas,nonnativeweedyvegetation,suchasthistles,mustards,andavarietyofotherweedyforbs,arealsocommon.

Focalspeciesexpectedtobefoundinthislandcovertypearetricoloredblackbird,westernburrowingowl,Callippesilverspotbutterfly,andgoldeneagle,allofwhichforageingraincropsandpastures.Westernburrowingowlsmayalsobreedinagriculturalsettingsifgroundsquirrelburrowsarepresent.SanJoaquinkitfoxmaymovethroughthislandcovertypeifitoccursnearsuitablegrasslandareas.CaliforniatigersalamanderandCaliforniared‐leggedfrogdispersethroughcroplandstoreachsuitablebreedinganduplandhabitat.

3.9.15 Ruderal

Thislandcovertypeoccupies19acresintheSMPAreaandgenerallyoccursontheedgesoforwithindevelopedareas.Areasmappedasruderalaredisturbedareascharacterizedbysparsenonnative,typicallyweedyvegetation.Mostruderalareasarevacantparcelssurroundedbydevelopedareas.Someareasmappedasruderalmayactuallybecroplandthathasbeenleftfallowforayearormore.Ruderalareasthathavenotexperiencedsubstantialdisturbance(e.g.,disking)foranumberofyearsmaydevelopintoannualgrasslands.

Wherevegetationispresent,ruderallandcoverisdominatedbyamixtureofnonnativeannualgrassesandweedyspecies,suchasblackmustard,thistles,andwildradish,thattendtocolonizequicklyafterdisturbance.Wildlifecommontoruderalhabitatscanincludespeciescloselyassociatedwithurbandevelopment,suchashousesparrow,Europeanstarling,rockdove,westernscrub‐jay,black‐tailedjackrabbit,raccoon,opossum,stripedskunk,andhousemouse.FocalspeciessuchasthewesternburrowingowloftenuseruderalhabitatsintheBayAreaforbothnestingandoverwinteringhabitat.However,ruderalhabitatsfrequentlybecomeovergrownwithvegetation,whichbecomesfire‐prone,dense,matted,anduninhabitableforwildlifespecies.

3.9.16 Golf Course/Urban Park

Urbanparksandgolfcoursescomprise23acresoftheSMPArea.UrbanparksandgolfcoursesarelocatedthroughouttheurbanizedareasoftheSMPArea.

Golfcoursesandurbanparksarecomposedpredominantlyofnonnativevegetationandprovidelimitedhabitatfornativewildlife.Urbanparksareunlikelytosupportanyfocalspecies.GolfcoursesonthefringeofurbanareasmaysupportCaliforniatigersalamander,Californiared‐leggedfrog,westernburrowingowl,ortricoloredblackbird,particularlyifpondsarepresentonornearthegolfcourse;however,habitatqualityinandaroundgolfcoursesistypicallyoflowerqualitybecausegolfcourseapplyfertilizersandotherchemicaltreatmentsthatmayrunoffintowaterwaysandontoadjacentlandsduringrainevents.

3.9.17 Urban‐Suburban

Urban‐suburbanareascomprise145acresoftheSMPArea.Theurban‐suburbanlandcovercomprisesareaswherethenativevegetationhasbeenclearedforresidential,commercial,industrial,transportation,orrecreationalstructures,andisdefinedasoneormorestructuresper2.5acres.Theseincludeareasthathavestructures,pavedandimpermeablesurfaces,horticulturalplantings,andlawnssmallerthan10acres(irrigatedlawnslargerthan10acresweremappedasurbanparks).



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Vegetationfoundintheurban‐suburbanlandcovertypeisusuallyintheformoflandscapedresidences,plantedstreettrees(i.e.,elm,ash,liquidambar,pine,palm),andparklands.Mostofthevegetationiscomposedofnonnativeorcultivatedplantspecies.

Itislesslikelythatfocalspecieswouldbefoundinurban‐suburbanareas.Theexceptionwouldbewesternburrowingowl,whichsometimesthrivesinsuburbanareasthathavebeenclearedfordevelopment(priortodevelopmentoccurring).Inaddition,thealkaliwetlandsthatoccurinnorthLivermore(adjacenttourbandevelopment)supportmayalkaliwetlandspecies,includingthepalmate‐bractedbird’sbeak.

3.9.18 Rural Residential

Ruralresidentialareascomprise6acresoftheSMPArea.RuralresidentialareasaremainlylocatedinthefoothillsthatsurroundtheCity.

Theruralresidentiallandcovertypeissimilartotheurban‐suburbantypeexceptthatitistypicallymuchlessdense(definedaslessthanonestructureper2.5acres)andusuallycontainsextensivelandscapingand/orirrigatedlands(includingsmallareasofpasture).

Severalcoveredspeciesmaybefoundinruralresidentialareas.Mobilespeciessuchasgoldeneagle,westernburrowingowl,tricoloredblackbird,SanJoaquinkitfox,orAmericanbadgermaymovethroughruralresidentiallandcoverifitoccursadjacenttoornearnaturalhabitat.Similarly,Californiatigersalamandermayutilizeareasthathaveopengrasslandsandarenearsuitablebreedingsites.Callippesilverspotbutterflywillmovethroughruralresidentialareastodispersebetweenpatchesofgrassland.

3.10 Focal Plants and Wildlife Toaddresspotentialimpactstospecial‐statusplantsandwildlife,theSMPutilizesmuchoftheworkcompletedforEACCS,includingthatplan’sfocalspecieslistwhichidentifieslistedandsensitivespeciesthatoccurineastAlamedaCounty.ManyofthesespeciesmaybeaffectedbystreammaintenanceactivitiesintheSMPArea.ThepotentialforoccurrenceoffocalspecieswithinoradjacenttoSMPAreacreeksandchannelsasdescribedinthisSMPmanualwasbasedontheresultsofresearch,observations,andhabitatdistributionmodelingcompletedforEACCS,aswellasincorporatingnewspeciesoccurrencerecordsfromtheCaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase(CNDDB)maintainedbyCDFW.

Thefollowingspeciesaccountssummarizelistingstatus,distributioninthestudyarea,ecologicalinformation,andthreatsinthestudyareaandtheregion.Theaccountsrepresentthebestavailablescientificdataforeachspecies.Thespeciesaccountsarenotintendedtosummarizeallbiologicalinformationknownaboutaspecies.Rather,eachaccountsummarizesscientificinformationthatisrelevanttothespeciesinthestudyarea.

TheEACCShabitatdistributionmodelsweredevelopedforselectfocalspeciestopredictwhereinthestudyareaspeciesaremorelikelytooccurbasedonknownhabitatrequirements.Habitatdistributionmodelsweredevelopedonaregionalscaleusingregionaldata.Themodelswereintendedforuseinregionalplanninganddonotnecessarilyprovideaccuratesite‐specificspeciesinformation.Site‐specificconditionswillbefield‐verifiedaspartoftheSMPannualworkplanpriortocompletionofmaintenanceactivities.



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ThelistofEACCSfocalspeciesincludes13fishandwildlifeandsixplantspecies.OfthefocalspeciesaddressedbyEACCS,threefishandwildlifeandtwoplantspecieswereinitiallyconsideredforinclusionintheSMP,butwerelateromittedastheSMPwasrefinedduetoeithera)alackofsuitablehabitatwithinidentifiedmaintenanceareas;orb)theabilityofthemaintenanceactivitiestobeplannedandimplementedinamannerthatavoidspotentialeffectstofocalspecies.Speciesomittedincludedthefollowing:

Foothillyellow‐leggedfrog(Ranaboylii)

Alamedawhipsnake(Masticophislateraliseuryxanthus)

CentralCaliforniacoastalsteelhead(Oncorhynchusmykiss)

Bigtarplant(Blepharizoniaplumose)

Recurvedlarkspur(Delphiniumrecurvatum)

3.10.1 Focal Plants

3.10.1.1 San Joaquin Spearscale (Atriplex joaquiniana)

SanJoaquinspearscaleisaCaliforniaNativePlantSociety(CNPS)List1B.2species,consideredfairlyendangeredinCalifornia.

Distribution

SanJoaquinspearscaleoccursalongthewesternsideoftheGreatValleyfromGlennCountytoMercedCountyandinthesmallvalleysoftheinnerCoastRanges,includingtheLivermoreValley.ItoccursinthebroadfloodbasinsofthevalleyfloorandonalluvialfansassociatedwiththemajorstreamsdrainingfromtheinnerCoastRangesfoothills.Itisgenerallyfoundatlowelevations,buthasbeencollectedupto1,055feetabovesealevel(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

SanJoaquinspearscaletypicallyoccursinalkaligrasslandandalkalimeadow,oronthemarginsofalkaliscrub.ItbloomsfromAprilthroughOctoberandoccursonclaysoils,ofteninareasofhighalkalinity.

Threats

TheprincipalthreattoSanJoaquinspearscalehasbeenthehistoricconversionofmuchofthealkaligrasslandtoagriculture.Presentthreatsincludehabitatconversiontourbanuse,overgrazing,invasiveannualspecies,andimpactsassociatedwithroadandutilitylineconstructionandmaintenance(ICFInternational2010).

Occurrence in the Planning Area

Thereare16documentedoccurrencesofSanJoaquinspearscaleineasternAlamedaCounty(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).AllarepresumedextantandoccurnorthofI‐580.Thesedocumentedpopulationsrangeinsizefromseveralhundredindividualplantstoseveralthousand.PotentiallysuitablehabitatforthisspeciesinthePlanningAreaincludesportionsof



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ArroyoLasPositasandAltamontCreekinthenortheastendoftheCity,andneartheconfluenceofArroyoLasPositasandCayetanoCreek.

Stream Maintenance Considerations

BasedonhabitatqualityandtheSMP’sproximitytoextantoccurrences,potentialforoccurrenceofSanJoaquinspearscaleispossiblebutconsideredlow.GiventhelimitedextentofpotentiallysuitablehabitatwithintheSMParea,itisnotlikelythatprogram‐relatedactivitieswillimpacthabitatforthisspecies.Surveysforthisspecieswilloccurinappropriatehabitatsaspartofthesitereconnaissanceduringannualworkplandevelopmenttodeterminepresenceorabsence.

3.10.1.2 Congdon’s Tarplant (Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii)

Congdon’starplantisaCNPSList1B.2speciesthatisconsideredfairlyendangeredinCalifornia.

Distribution

Congdon’starplantisknownfromEastSanFranciscoBayArea,SalinasValley,andLosOsosValley.

Ecology

Congdon’starplantbloomsfromMaythroughOctoberandoccursinannualgrasslandonlowerslopes,flats,andswalesbelow800feet.Thisspeciescanbeassociatedwithalkalineorsalinesoils.HybridizationwiththesubspeciesCentromadiaparryissp.rudiswasreportedon1998surveyformsfortheNorthLivermoreRoadpopulation(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Thespeciesisseverelythreatenedbydevelopmentinmostareas,includingroadwideningthataccompanydevelopment.Inothermorenaturalsettingsmowingorheavygrazingcanimpactthisspecies,thoughithasbeendocumentedinareaswherebothmowingandgrazingoccur.Thebiggestthreatisthelossofnaturaldisturbanceinareaswherenaturalprocessesarerestricted.Thisallowsannualinvasivespeciestooutcompetethisspecies(ICFInternational2010).


ThisspecieshasbeendocumentedingrasslandcommunitiesnorthofHighway580withineastAlamedaCountyandthereare15CNDDBoccurrenceswithintheSMPArea(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).WithinthePlanningArea,potentiallysuitablehabitatforthisspeciesoccursinthevicinityoftheCottonwoodCreekandCollierCanyonCreek.


BasedonhabitatqualityandtheSMP’sproximitytoextantoccurrences,potentialforoccurrenceofCongdon’starplantispossiblebutconsideredlow.GiventhelimitedextentofpotentiallysuitablehabitatwithintheSMParea,itisnotlikelythatprogram‐relatedactivitieswillimpacthabitatforthisspecies.Surveysforthisspecieswilloccurinappropriatehabitatsaspartofthesitereconnaissanceduringannualworkplandevelopmenttodeterminepresenceorabsence.



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3.10.1.3 Palmate‐bracted bird’s‐beak (Cordylanthus palmatus)

ThePalmate‐bractedbird’s‐beakisstateandfederallyendangered.

Distribution

Palmate‐bractedbird’s‐beakisknownfromscatteredlocationsintheCentralValleyfromColusaCountytoFresnoCounty.ThereisalonepopulationintheSpringtownPreservenorthofLivermore(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

Palmate‐bractedbird’s‐beakisassociatedwithalkalinesitesingrasslandandchenopodscrubfrom10–500feetelevation.ThisspeciesbloomsfromMaythroughOctober.Seedsaredispersedbywater,makingthelocalhydrologyveryimportanttotheextentofapopulation(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Palmate‐bractedbird’s‐beakislistedasendangeredbothatthefederalandstatelevel.ItisaCNPSList1B.1speciesandisseriouslyendangeredinCalifornia.Thisspeciesisthreatenedbyagriculture,grazing,urbanizationanddevelopment,unauthorizedoff‐roadvehicleuse,andalteredhydrology.Non‐nativeannualgrassesarebecomingathreattothisspecies.Targetedgrazingprogramsorotherformsofnon‐nativegrasscontrolmaybebeneficialatabatingthisthreat(ICFInternational2010).


OneoccurrenceofPalmate‐bractedbird’s‐beakhasbeenreported,locatednortheastofLivermoreintheSpringtownPreserve.Thispopulationhasbeensurveyedrepeatedlyoverthelast20years.Thepopulationhasvariedinsizefrom9,000plantsin1990tonearly53,000in1997(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).PotentiallysuitablehabitatforthisspeciesoccursalongAltamontCreekatitsconfluencewithArroyoLasPositas.


BasedonhabitatqualityandtheSMP’sproximitytoextantoccurrences,potentialforoccurrenceofPalmate‐bractedbird’s‐beakispossiblebutconsideredlow.GiventhelimitedextentofpotentiallysuitablehabitatwithintheSMParea,itisnotlikelythatprogram‐relatedactivitieswillimpacthabitatforthisspecies.Surveysforthisspecieswilloccurinappropriatehabitatsaspartofthesitereconnaissanceduringannualworkplandevelopmenttodeterminepresenceorabsence.

3.10.1.4 Livermore tarplant (Deinandra bacigalupii)

ThisspeciesisaCNPSList1B.2speciesandisconsideredfairlyendangeredinCalifornia.

Distribution

LivermoretarplantisendemictoCaliforniaandknowfromthreeoccurrences,allnearLivermore,AlamedaCounty.



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Ecology

LivermoretarplantbloomsfromJunethroughOctoberandoccursinseepsandmeadows,oftenassociatedwithalkalimeadowsat500–600feetinelevation(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Thisspeciesisthreatenedbydevelopmentincludingroadwideningthatcouldoccurastheresultofdevelopmentpressure(ICFInternational2010).


ThisspecieshasnotbeenidentifiedwithinthePlanningArea;however,threeoccurrencesarelocatednortheastofLivermoreinthefoothillsoftheDiabloRange.TwoofthosepopulationsarelocatedjustsouthofI‐580betweenthejunctionofGreenvilleRoadandLasPositasRoadandHawthorneRoad.ThesetwopopulationsarejusteastofGreenvilleRoad.ThethirdpopulationislocatedneartheintersectionofAmesStreetandRaymondRoadnorthofLivermore(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).


BasedonhabitatqualityandtheSMP’sproximitytoextantoccurrences,potentialforoccurrenceofLivermoretarplantispossiblebutconsideredlow.GiventhelimitedextentofpotentiallysuitablehabitatwithintheSMParea,itisnotlikelythatprogram‐relatedactivitieswillimpacthabitatforthisspecies.Surveysforthisspecieswilloccurinappropriatehabitatsaspartofthesitereconnaissanceduringannualworkplandevelopmenttodeterminepresenceorabsence.

3.10.2 Focal Wildlife

3.10.2.1 Longhorn Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta longiantenna)

Thefairyshrimpisafederallylistedasendangeredandisextremelyrare.

Distribution

Thelonghornisknowntooccurinalkalisinkandscrubplantcommunities.ThefourknownpopulationsoflonghornfairyshrimpincludeareaswithintheCarrizoPlainNationalMonument,SanLuisObispoCounty;areaswithinSanLuisNationalWildlifeRefugeComplex;areaswithintheBrushyPeakRegionalPreserve,AlamedaCounty,andareaswithintheVascoCavesPreserve,nearthetownofByroninContraCostaCounty.Threeofthefourpopulationsarefoundwithinpubliclandsthatareprotectedandmanagedforvernalpoolspecies.TheLivermoreVernalPoolRegionislistedasacorerecoveryarea(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

Longhornfairyshrimpoccurrencesarerareandhighlydisjunctwithspecificpoolcharacteristicslargelyunknown.TypicalhabitatforlistedfairyshrimpinCaliforniaincludevernalpools,seasonallypondedareaswithinvernalswales,ephemeralfreshwaterhabitatsandartificialhabitats(railroadtoe‐drains,roadsideditches,abandonedagriculturaldrains,rutsleftbyheavyconstructionvehicles,anddepressionsinfirebreaks)(ICFInternational2010).



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HabitatforlonghornfairyshrimpinAlamedaCountyisprimarilyinwaterpooledinsandstonedepressions.VernalpoolsinotherpartsofCaliforniathatsupportthesefairyshrimpareeitherloamorsandyloamorshallow,alkalinepools.Theseasonalpoolhabitatissubjecttoseasonalvariations,anditisthoughtthatlonghornfairyshrimparedependentontheecologicalcharacteristicsofthosevariations.Thesecharacteristicsincludedurationofinundationandpresenceorabsenceofwateratspecifictimesoftheyear.Thelonghornfairyshrimpiscapableoflivinginvernalpoolsofrelativelyshortduration(pond6to7weeksinwinterand3weeksinspring)(ICFInternational2010).

Longhornfairyshrimpareomnivorousfilter‐feeders.Theyareacomponentoftheplanktoniccrustaceawithinseasonaltemporarypoolsandcanoccurindensitiesashighas200perliterofwater(ICFInternational2010).

Predatorconsumptionoffairyshrimpcysts(restingeggs)aidsindistributingpopulations.Predatorsexpelviablecystsintheirexcrement,oftenatlocationsotherthanwheretheywereconsumed.Ifconditionsaresuitable,thesetransportedcystsmayhatchatthenewlocationandpotentiallyestablishanewpopulation.Cystscanalsobetransportedinmudcarriedonthefeetofanimals,includinglivestockthatmaywadethroughtheirhabitat.Beyondinundationofthehabitat,thespecificcuesforhatchingarelargelyunknownalthoughtemperatureisbelievedtoplayarole.Longhornfairyshrimphavebeenreportedtoco‐occurwiththevernalpoolfairyshrimp(Branchinectalynchi),throughoutitsrange(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Longhornfairyshrimparethreatenedbythesameactivitiesasothervernalpoolinvertebrates.Thesethreatsincludetheconversionofvernalpoolhabitattoagriculturallandsandurbandevelopment,andextinctionduetothesmallandisolatednatureofremainingpopulations.Thelimitedanddisjunctdistributionofvernalpools,coupledwiththeevenmorelimiteddistributionofthelonghornfairyshrimp,meansthatanyreductioninvernalpoolhabitatcouldadverselyaffectthisspecies(ICFInternational2010).

Recolonizationopportunitiesarediminishedwhenphysicalbarriers,suchasdevelopmentorlackofvernalpoolhabitat,isolatepopulationsfromoneanotherorinhibittransportofcysts.Isolatedpopulationscouldbemoresusceptibletoinbreedingdepression,whichcanresultinlocalextinctionorreducedfitness.However,thishasneverbeendemonstratedforbranchiopodcrustaceans(ICFInternational2010).

Activitiesthatalterthesuitabilityofvernalpoolhabitatcouldimpactthespecial‐statuscrustaceansthatdependonthem.Theseactivitiesincludedamagingtheimpermeableclayand/orhardpanlayersofthehabitatbottom,fillinginthehabitat,altering(e.g.,throughcontaminants)ordestroyingthewatershedthatconveysoverlandflowintothehabitat.Additionally,introductionofnon‐nativeplants,destructionordegradationofthesurroundinguplandhabitat,introductionoffish(suchasGambusiaspp.)intospecial‐statusshrimphabitats,andactivitiesthatwoulddiscourageorpreventwaterfowlandwadersfromfeedingatoccupiedhabitatsandtherebyrestrictgene‐flowbetweenpopulationswouldalsosignificantlyaffectlonghornfairyshrimppopulations(ICFInternational2010).


ThespeciesisknowntooccurattheBrushyPeakRegionalPreserve(ICFInternational2010).BrushyPeakRegionalPreserveisownedbytheLivermoreAreaRecreationandParkDistrictand



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managedbyEastBayRegionalParkDistrict(EBRPD).Allofthreeoftheknownlocalitiesofthisspeciesinthestudyareaarewithinthispreserve,whichiscurrentlyprotected(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015)).WithinthePlanningArea,potentiallysuitablehabitatoccursnorthofHighway580alongArroyoLasPositasandAltamontCreek.


BasedonthelimitedknowndistributionoflonghornfairyshrimpinproximitytotheSMParea,thepotentialfornewlydiscoveredoccurrencesispossiblebutconsideredlow.Therefore,itisnotlikelythatprogram‐relatedactivitieswillimpacthabitatforthisspecies.

3.10.2.2 Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta lynchi)

Thevernalpoolfairyshrimpisfederallylistedasthreatened.

Distribution

ThevernalpoolfairyshrimpisfoundfromsouthernOregontosouthernCalifornia,throughouttheCentralValley,andwesttothecentralCoastRanges.DisjunctpopulationsoccurinSanLuisObispoCounty,SantaBarbaraCounty,andRiversideCounty.ThisspecieshasbeenobservedintheeasternportionsofAlamedaCounty.In1996,theU.S.FishandWildlifeServicereportedthattherewere32knownpopulationsofthevernalpoolfairyshrimp(ICFInternational2010).

TheLivermoreVernalPoolRegionstraddlesAlameda,ContraCosta,andSantaClaraCounties,extendingintosouthwesternSanJoaquinCounty.Thereare12occurrencesofvernalpoolfairyshrimpintheLivermoreVernalPoolRegion:eightintheAltamontHillscorearea,fourofwhichareinareasplannedfordevelopment.ThecorerecoveryareaincludesportionsofBrushyPeakRegionalPreserve,whichisinsideoftheEACCSstudyarea(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

Thisspeciesisusuallyassociatedwithvernalpools,butcanalsobefoundinassociationwithotherephemeralhabitatsincludingalkalipools,seasonaldrainages,stockponds,vernalswales,rockoutcropsandartificiallycreatedephemeralhabitats(railroadtoe‐drains,roadsideditches,abandonedagriculturaldrains,rutsleftbyheavyconstructionvehicles,anddepressionsinfirebreaks)(ICFInternational2010).

Vernalpoolsaresubjecttoseasonalvariations,andvernalpoolfairyshrimparedependentontheecologicalcharacteristicsofthosevariations.Thesecharacteristicsincludedurationofinundationandpresenceorabsenceofwateratspecifictimesoftheyear.ThevernalpoolfairyshrimpiscapableoflivinginCentralValleyvernalpoolsofrelativelyshortduration(pond6to7weeksinwinterand3weeksinspring).Otherfactorscontributingtothesuitabilityofpoolsforvernalpoolfairyshrimpincludealkalinity22to274ppm(partspermillion),totaldissolvedsolids(TDS)(48to481ppm),andpH(6.3to8.5).Waterinpoolsoccupiedbyvernalpoolfairyshrimptypicallyhaslowconductivityandchloride.Vernalpoolfairyshrimphavebeenfoundinpoolsrangingfrom0.05acreto0.1acrebutoccurmorefrequentlyinsmall,deeppools.Vernalpoolfairyshrimpareomnivorousfilter‐feeders.Fairyshrimpindiscriminatelyfilterparticlesfromthesurroundingwater,includingbacteria,unicellularalgae,andmicrometazoa(ICFInternational2010).



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Likethelonghornfairyshrimp,vernalpoolfairyshrimpareacomponentoftheplanktoniccrustaceawithinseasonaltemporarypoolsandcanoccurindensitiesashighas200perliterofwater.Predatorconsumptionoffairyshrimpcysts(restingeggs)aidsindistributingpopulationsoffairyshrimp.Predatorsexpelviablecystsintheirexcrement,oftenatlocationsotherthanwheretheywereconsumed.Ifconditionsaresuitable,thesetransportedcystsmayhatchatthenewlocationandpotentiallyestablishanewpopulation.Cystscanalsobetransportedinmudcarriedonthefeetofanimals,includinglivestockthatmaywadethroughthehabitat(ICFInternational2010).

Beyondinundationofthehabitat,thespecificcuesforhatchingareunknown,althoughtemperatureisbelievedtoplayalargerole.Typically,midvalleyfairyshrimpmatureinabout16dayswhenwatertemperaturesreachatleast20degreesCelsius(ICFInternational2010).

Vernalpoolfairyshrimpcommonlyco‐occurwiththeCalifornialinderiella(Linderiellaoccidentalis)andhasalsobeenreportedco‐occurringwiththemidvalleypoolfairyshrimp(Branchinectamesovallensis).Inmostcases,thevernalpoolfairyshrimpdoesnotco‐occurwithotherfairyshrimpspeciesandisnotnumericallydominantwhenotherfairyshrimpspeciesarepresent(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Vernalpoolfairyshrimparethreatenedbythesameactivitiesasothervernalpoolinvertebrates.Thesethreatsincludetheconversionofvernalpoolhabitattoagriculturallandsandurbandevelopment,andstochasticextinctionbecauseofthesmallandisolatednatureofremainingpopulations.Thelimitedanddisjunctdistributionofvernalpools,coupledwiththeevenmorelimiteddistributionofthevernalpoolfairyshrimp,meansthatanyreductioninvernalpoolhabitatquantitycouldadverselyaffectthisspecies(ICFInternational2010).

Recolonizationopportunitiesarediminishedwhenphysicalbarriers,suchasdevelopmentorlackofvernalpoolhabitat,isolatepopulationsfromoneanotherorinhibittransportofcysts.Isolatedpopulationscouldbemoresusceptibletoinbreedingdepression,whichcanresultinlocalextinctionorreducedfitness.However,thishasneverbeendemonstratedforbranchiopodcrustaceans(ICFInternational2010).

Activitiesthatalterthesuitabilityofvernalpoolhabitatmayimpactthespecial‐statuscrustaceansdependentonthosehabitats.Theseactivitiesincludedamagingtheimpermeableclayand/orhardpanlayersofthehabitatbottom,fillinginthehabitat,andaltering(e.g.,throughcontaminants)ordestroyingthewatershedthatconveysoverlandflowintothehabitat.Additionally,introductionofnon‐nativeplants,destructionordegradationofthesurroundinguplandhabitat,introductionoffish(suchasGambusiaspp.)intospecial‐statusshrimphabitats,andactivitiesthatwoulddiscourageorpreventwaterfowlandwadersfromfeedingatoccupiedhabitatsandtherebyrestrictgeneflowbetweenpopulationswouldalsosignificantlyaffectmid‐valleyfairyshrimppopulations(ICFInternational2010).


TherearefourCNDDBoccurrencerecordsforthisspeciesintheEACCSstudyarea:attheSpringtownNaturalCommunitiesReservenearLivermore,inanalkalisinkcontainingvernalpools;inaseasonalwetlandwithanannualgrasslandupland,northofHighway580nearLivermore;southofFrickLake,inaheavilygrazedpasture;andnorthoftheBrushyPeakPreserveinsoutheasternContraCostaCounty(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).Vernalpoolfairyshrimpmay



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alsobefoundelsewhereinvernalpoolhabitats.WithinthePlanningArea,potentiallysuitablehabitatoccursnorthofHighway580alongArroyoLasPositasandAltamontCreek.CriticalhabitathasbeendesignatedalongthenortheastboundaryoftheCityofLivermore.


Basedontherestrictionofvernalpoolfairyshrimptovernalpoolsandotherephemeralhabitats,thepotentialfornewlydiscoveredoccurrencesispossiblebutconsideredlow.Therefore,itisnotlikelythatprogram‐relatedactivitieswillimpacthabitatforthisspecies.

3.10.2.3 Callippe Silverspot Butterfly (Speyeria callippe callippe)

TheCallippesilverspotisfederallylistedasendangered.

Distribution

TheCallippesilverspotisendemictotheSanFranciscoBayareaandisbestknownfromSanBrunoMountaininSanMateoCounty.Historically,populationsoccurredonthewestsideofSanFranciscoBayfromTwinPeaksinSanFranciscotothevicinityofLaHondainSanMateoCounty.IntheEastBay,populationswereknownfromnorthwesternContraCostaCountysouthwardtotheCastroValleyareaofAlamedaCounty.AdditionalpopulationsofthespeciesS.callippeoccurintheSkyValley‐LakeHermanareaofsouthernSolanoCountyandinthenorthcentralandnortheasternportionsofAlamedaCounty.Since1988,callippesilverspotbutterflieshavebeenrecordedatSanBrunoMountainandSignHillnearSouthSanFrancisco(SanMateoCounty),inthehillsnearPleasanton(AlamedaCounty),atSearsPoint(SonomaCounty),andinthehillsbetweenVallejoandCordelia.CurrentlytheonlypopulationknownontheSanFranciscoPeninsulaisatSanBrunoMountain,whilepopulationsintheEastBayarelimitedtosouthernSolanoCountyandthePleasanton‐Sunolareas.Acloselyrelatedsubspecies,S.callippecomstocki,isdifficulttodistinguishfromS.callippecallippeandisknowntooccurintheSanFranciscoBayarea.CriticalhabitatfortheCallippesilverspot,designatedJuly,1978,doesnotoccurinthePlanningArea(78CFR§28938–28945)(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

TheCallippesilverspotbutterflyoccursingrasslandswhereitssolelarvalfoodplant,johnnyjump‐up(Violapedunculata),grows.Ithasbeenobservedinbothgrazedandungrazedgrasslands.TheCallippesilverspotbutterflyoccursinhillyterrainwithamixtureoftopographicrelief.Adultswillvisitthemarginsofoakwoodlandsandriparianareasinsearchofnectar,aswellasdisturbedareasiffavorednectarplantsgrowthere(ICFInternational2010).Thethreeprimaryhabitatrequirementsofthecallippesilverspotbutterflyare:

grasslandssupportingitslarvalfoodplants;

hilltopsnearsuitablehabitatformatelocation;and

nectarplants,whichcanoccuringrasslandsornearbyoakwoodlands,riparianareas,ordisturbedareas.

Becausethebutterflyhasbeenobservedflyingdistancesofapproximately1mile,thesethreehabitatfeaturesdonotnecessarilyhavetobeadjacenttoeachother(ICFInternational2010).



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Theadultflightseasonisabout6to8weeksinlength,startinginmid‐Mayandterminatinginmid‐July.Whenavailable,theadultsilverspotfeedonnectarplantsincludingmints,especiallyMonardella,andthistles,suchasSilybum,Carduus,andCirsium,andbuckeyes(Aesculus).Adultstendtocongregateonhilltops,abehaviorknownashilltopping,wheretheysearchforpotentialmates(ICFInternational2010).

BecausetheleavesofViolapedunculataaretypicallydrybythestartoftheadultflightseason,femalesfrequentlylaytheireggsinornearareaswhereViolagrows.Forthisreason,newlyhatchedlarvaedonotfeedbeforetheyfindasuitablediapauselocation.WhenViolasproutsduringthefollowingwinter,thelarvaehavetosearchforthefoodplant.Also,developinglarvaeusuallyfeedatnight,butcrawloffofthefoodplantandhidenearbyduringthedaytime.Thus,shortdistancedispersal,probablyontheorderoftensoffeet,occursroutinelyduringthelarvalstage(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Lossandalterationofhabitat,primarilythroughurbanizationandhabitatdegradationbynon‐nativeplants,aresomeofthefactorscontributingtothedeclineofthecallippesilverspotbutterflyinthestudyarea.Overgrazingcanbedetrimental,butproperlymanagedgrazingcanenhancegrasslandhabitatbypreventingotherspeciesfromoutcompetinghostplants.Increasedfrequencyoffiremayalsobedetrimental,butthisimpactwouldrequirefurtherstudy.Otherthreatsincludetramplingbyhikers,bikersandequestrians.Dustfromquarryingoperationshasbeenreportedasathreattothespecies,becauseabundantdustcouldclogthespiraclesoflarvaeandadults,interferingwiththeirrespiration.Callippesilverspotbutterfliesarealsoverysensitivetopesticideuse(ICFInternational2010).


TherearenoCNDDBoccurrencesinthePlanningArea(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015),butpotentiallysuitablehabitatoccursnorthofHighway580,alongArroyoLasPositas,andalongportionsofArroyoSeco.


ProgrammaintenanceactivitieswithincreeksandchannelsisnotexpectedtoresultineffectstoCallippesilverspotbutterfliesbecausethisisnottheirpreferredhabitat.Stagingareasthatoccurinuplandgrasslandscouldpotentiallyimpactthisspecies;however,thepotentialforoccurrenceislowduetoalackofrecordedobservationsineastAlamedaCounty.Potentialoccurrenceispossiblebutconsideredlow.Therefore,itisnotlikelythatprogram‐relatedactivitieswillimpacthabitatforthisspecies.Whereappropriate,surveysforthisspecieswilloccuraspartofthesitereconnaissanceduringannualworkplandevelopmenttodeterminepresenceorabsence.

3.10.2.4 California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma californiense)

TheCaliforniatigersalamanderisdividedintothreedistinctpopulationsegments(DPS)andeachhasaseparatedesignationundertheESA.TheSonomaDPSandSantaBarbaraDPSarelistedasfederallyendangered.TheCentralCaliforniaDPS(whichoverlapswiththestudyarea)isfederallythreatened.TheCaliforniatigersalamanderisalsostatelistedasthreatened(ICFInternational2010).



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Distribution

TheCaliforniatigersalamanderisendemictoCalifornia.Historically,theCaliforniatigersalamanderprobablyoccurredingrasslandhabitatsthroughoutmuchofthestate.Althoughthisspeciesstilloccurswithinmuchofitshistoricrange,ithasbeenextirpatedfrommanyareasitonceoccupied.ThelossofCaliforniatigersalamanderpopulationshasbeenprimarilyduetohabitatlosswithintheirhistoricrange(ICFInternational2010).

Basedongeneticanalysis,therearesixpopulationsofCaliforniatigersalamanders,distributedasfollows:(1)SantaRosaareaofSonomaCounty,(2)BayArea(centralandsouthernAlameda,SantaClara,westernStanislaus,westernMerced,andthemajorityofSanBenitocounties),(3)CentralValley(Yolo,Sacramento,Solano,easternContraCosta,northeastAlameda,SanJoaquin,Stanislaus,Merced,andnorthwesternMaderacounties),(4)southernSanJoaquinValley(portionsofMadera,centralFresno,andnorthernTulareandKingscounties),(5)CentralCoastrange(southernSantaCruz,Monterey,northernSanLuisObispo,andportionsofwesternSanBenito,Fresno,andKerncounties),and(6)SantaBarbaraCounty(ICFInternational2010).

Mostpopulationsoccuratelevationsbelow1,500feet,butCaliforniatigersalamandershavebeenrecordedatelevationsupto3,660feet.Althoughpopulationshavedeclined,thespeciescontinuestobreedatalargenumberoflocationswithinitscurrentrange(59FR§18353–18354,April18,1994).Atmosthistoricbreedingsitesbelow200feetelevation,pondsremainpresentbutaretypicallyoccupiedbynon‐nativespeciesandnolongersupportCaliforniatigersalamanders(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

Californiatigersalamandersrequiretwomajorhabitatcomponents:aquaticbreedingsitesandterrestrialuplandsites.Californiatigersalamandersinhabitvalleyandfoothillgrasslandsandthegrassyunderstoryofopenwoodlands,usuallywithinonemileofwater.FollowingmetamorphosisCaliforniatigersalamandersareterrestrialanimalsthatspendmostoftheirtimeundergroundinsubterraneanrefugesites.UndergroundretreatsareusuallyCaliforniagroundsquirrel(Spermophilusbeechyii)orpocketgopher(Thomomysbottae)burrowsand,occasionally,human‐madestructures.Adultsemergefromundergroundtobreed,butonlyforbriefperiodsduringtheyear.Californiatigersalamandersbreedandlaytheireggsprimarilyinvernalpoolsandotherephemeralpondsthatfillinwinterandoftendryoutbysummer;theysometimesusepermanenthuman‐madeponds(e.g.,stockponds),reservoirs,andsmalllakesthatdonotsupportpredatoryfishorbullfrogs.Streamsarerarelyusedforreproduction(ICFInternational2010).

Adultsalamandersmigratefromuplandhabitatstoaquaticbreedingsitesduringthefirstmajorrainfalleventsofearlywinterandreturntouplandhabitatsafterbreeding.Thisspeciesrequiressmall‐mammalburrowsforcoverduringthenon‐breedingseasonandduringmigrationtoandfromaquaticbreedingsites.Californiatigersalamandersalsouselogs,pilesoflumber,andshrink‐swellcracksinthegroundforcover.Californiatigersalamandershavebeendocumentedupto1.3milesfromtheirbreedingsites(ICFInternational2010).

TheCaliforniatigersalamanderisparticularlysensitivetothedurationofpondinginaquaticbreedingsites.Becauseatleast10weeksarerequiredtocompletemetamorphosis,aquaticsitesthatareconsideredsuitableforbreedingshouldretainwaterforaminimumof10weeks;thesetendtobelargerpools.Largevernalpoolcomplexes,ratherthanisolatedpools,probablyofferthebest



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qualityhabitat;theseareascansupportamixtureofaquaticbreedingsitesandnearbyuplandrefugesites(ICFInternational2010).

Aquaticlarvaefeedonalgae,smallcrustaceans,andsmallmosquitolarvaeforaboutsixweeksafterhatching.Largerlarvaefeedonzooplankton,amphipods,mollusks,andsmallertadpolesofPacifictreefrogs(Pseudacrisregilla),Californiared‐leggedfrogs(Ranadraytoni),westerntoads(Bufoboreas)andspadefoottoads(Speaspp.).Adultseatearthworms,snails,insects,fish,andsmallmammals(ICFInternational2010).

Dispersalofjuvenilesfromnatalpondstoundergroundrefugesitescouldoccurthroughouttheyear.Whilejuvenileswillmoveshortdistancesfrombreedingpondsoncetheystarttodryupinthelatespringandsummer,longerdistancesfrombreedingpondsareattainedduringrainyperiods(ICFInternational2010).

Californiatigersalamanderlarvaeandembryosaresusceptibletopredationbyfish,heronsandegrets,bullfrogs,andpossiblygartersnakes.Becauseoftheirsecretivebehaviorandlimitedperiodsaboveground,adultCaliforniatigersalamandershavefewpredators(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Californiatigersalamanderpopulationshavedeclinedasaresultoftwoprimaryfactors:widespreadhabitatlossandhabitatfragmentation.ResidentialdevelopmentandlandusechangesintheCaliforniatigersalamander’srangehaveremovedorfragmentedvernalpoolcomplexes,eliminatedrefugesitesadjacenttobreedingareas,andreducedhabitatsuitabilityforthespeciesovermuchoftheCentralValley.Gradingactivitieshaveprobablyalsoeliminatedlargenumbersofsalamandersdirectly(ICFInternational2010).

Non‐nativespecies(bullfrogs,Louisianaredswampcrayfish,andnon‐nativefishes[mosquitofish,bass,andsunfish])preyontigersalamanderlarvaeandmayeliminatelarvalpopulationsfrombreedingsites.Rodentcontrolthroughdestructionofburrowsandreleaseoftoxicchemicalsintoburrowscancausedirectmortalitytoindividualsalamandersandmayresultinadecreaseofavailablehabitat(ICFInternational2010).

Vehicular‐relatedmortalityisanimportantthreattoCaliforniatigersalamanderpopulations.Californiatigersalamandersreadilyattempttocrossroadsduringmigration,androadsthatsustainheavyvehicletrafficorbarriersthatimpedeseasonalmigrationsmayhaveimpactedtigersalamanderpopulationsinsomeareas.HybridizationbetweenCaliforniatigersalamanderandanintroducedcongener,A.tigrinum,hasbeendocumentedandmaybeextensive(ICFInternational2010).


Thereare143CNDDBoccurrencesofCaliforniatigersalamanderwithintheSMPArea(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).SuitableuplandhabitatincludesmostundevelopedsitessurroundingtheurbanizedCitycore.CNDDBoccurrenceshavebeendocumentedalongArroyoMocho,ArroyoSeco,AltamontCreek,ArroyoLasPositas,CottonwoodCreek,andCollierCanyonCreek(ICFInternational2010);therefore,potentiallysuitablebreedinghabitatmayoccurineachofthesecreeksandchannels.Criticalhabitat(Unit18–DoolanCanyon)occursintheplanningareanearCollierCanyonRoad.



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SinceCaliforniatigersalamandersdonottypicallyoccurinstreamchannels,in‐channelmaintenanceactivitieswillhavelittledirecteffectonthisspecies;however,roadmortalityofmigratingCaliforniatigersalamanderscanbeaconcernduringwinterrains.CitymaintenanceactivitiesareunlikelytoaffectsalamandersbecausemigrationoccursmainlyatnightduringrainfallandCitycrewstypicallyworkduringdaylighthoursduetosafetyconcerns.

Duringthedryseason(summermonths)Californiatigersalamandersaretypicallyundergroundandmaybeaffectedbymaintenanceactivitiesthatresultingrounddisturbance(i.e.,excavation,grading).Ifgrounddisturbancealongtheshouldersofaccessroadsorcreek/channelbanksoccurs,thereisthepotentialforindividualstobecrushedinburrowsorexcavatedoutofburrows.Duringanytimeofyearexcavationofgroundsquirrelorpocketgopherburrowscouldimpactuplandhabitatforthisspecies.Assuch,specificavoidanceandminimizationpracticeswillbeconductedduringmaintenanceactivitiesthatcoulddirectlyimpactsuitablesubsurfacehabitat.

Schedulinggrounddisturbingmaintenanceactivitiesoutsideoftherainyseason,whenpossible,willreducethechanceofencounteringabove‐groundCaliforniatigersalamanders.Additionally,avoidanceofadjacentwetlandsortemporarypoolsalongroadwaysoralongcreeksandchannelswillreduceimpactsonbreedingCaliforniatigersalamanders.

3.10.2.5 California Red‐legged Frog (Rana draytonii)

TheCaliforniared‐leggedfrogisfederallylistedasthreatenedandisaCaliforniaspeciesofspecialconcern.

Distribution

ThetaxonisknownfromisolatedlocationsintheSierraNevada,NorthCoast,andnorthernTransverseRanges.ItisrelativelycommonintheSanFranciscoBayareaandalongthecentralcoast.TheCaliforniared‐leggedfrogisbelievedtobeextirpatedfromtheflooroftheCentralValley.Californiared‐leggedfrogsoccupymanyareasofsuitablehabitatthroughoutAlamedaCounty(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

Californiared‐leggedfrogsuseavarietyofhabitattypes;theseincludevariousaquaticsystemsaswellasripariananduplandhabitats.However,theymaycompletetheirentirelifecycleinapondorotheraquaticsitethatissuitableforalllifestages(66FR14626).Californiared‐leggedfrogsinhabitmarshes;streams;lakes;ponds;andother,usuallypermanent,sourcesofwaterthathavedenseriparianvegetation.Thehighestdensitiesoffrogsarefoundinhabitatswithdeepwaterpools(atleast2.5feetdeep)withdensestandsofoverhangingwillows(Salixsp.)andafringeoftules(Scirpussp.)orcattails(Typhasp.).Juvenilefrogsseemtofavoropen,shallowaquatichabitatswithdensesubmergentvegetation.Althoughred‐leggedfrogscaninhabiteitherephemeralorpermanentstreamsorponds,populationsprobablycannotbemaintainedinephemeralstreamsinwhichallsurfacewaterdisappears(ICFInternational2010).

Asadults,Californiared‐leggedfrogsarehighlyaquaticwhenactivebutdependlessonpermanentwaterbodiesthandootherfrogspecies.Adultsmaytakerefugeduringdryperiodsinrodentholesorleaflitterinriparianhabitats.AdultCaliforniared‐leggedfrogshavebeenobservedusinglarge



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cracksinthebottomofdriedpondsasrefugia.Althoughred‐leggedfrogstypicallyremainnearstreamsorponds,markedandradio‐taggedfrogshavebeenobservedtomovemorethantwomilesthroughuplandhabitat.Thesemovementsaretypicallymadeduringwetweatherandatnight(ICFInternational2010).

Californiared‐leggedfrogstypicallylaytheireggsinclustersaroundaquaticvegetationfromDecembertoearlyApril.Larvaeundergometamorphosis3.5–7monthsafterhatching.However,larvaehavebeenobservedtotakemorethanayeartocompletemetamorphosisinfourcountiesinthecentralcoastofCalifornia(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

ThedeclineoftheCaliforniared‐leggedfrogisattributabletoavarietyoffactors.Large‐scalecommercialharvestingofred‐leggedfrogsledtoseveredepletionsofpopulationsattheturnofthecentury.Subsequently,exoticaquaticpredatorssuchasbullfrogs,crayfish,andvariousspeciesofpredatoryfishbecameestablishedandcontributedtothecontinueddeclineofthespecies.Habitatalterationssuchasconversionoflandtoagriculturalandcommercialuses,reservoirconstructionwhicheffectsdownstreamriparianenvironments,andinsomeplacesunauthorizedoff‐highwayvehicleusethreatenremainingpopulations(ICFInternational2010).


Thereare125CNDDBoccurrencesofCaliforniared‐leggedfrogwithintheSMPArea(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).CreeksandchannelswithinthePlanningAreathatpotentiallysupportthisspeciesincludeArroyoLasPositas,ArroyoSeco,RealignedArroyoLasPositas,AltamontCreek,andCollierCanyonCreek.ThePlanningAreaiswithintheEastSanFranciscoBaycoreareaofRecoveryUnit4inthe2002Californiared‐leggedfrogRecoveryPlan(ICFInternational2010).NorthofHighway580,criticalhabitathasbeendesignatedforthisspecies.


NaturalcreekspotentiallyprovidethehighestqualityhabitatforCaliforniared‐leggedfrogsinthePlanningArea.Thesechannelstypicallyhavein‐channelvegetationandslowmoving,backwaterareasthatprovidemicrohabitatfeaturesessentialforthisspecies.ThisdoesnotprecludeCaliforniared‐leggedfrogsfromoccurringinotherengineeredormodifiedchannels.Forexample,occurrencesofCaliforniared‐leggedfroghavebeenrecordedinArroyoLasPositas,whichisastraightenedandchannelizedurbancreek.Nonetheless,theoverallhabitatqualityislowerinthosechannelssincetheyoftendonotcontainthecomplexitynecessarytosupportthefrog’slifehistory.

Streammaintenanceactivitieswillincorporatemeasurestoreducepotentialimpactstoaquaticenvironmentsandspecial‐statusspeciesthatusesuchenvironments,includingCaliforniared‐leggedfrogs.Totheextentfeasiblegivenfloodcontrolrequirements,vegetationremovalactivitieswillavoidcompleteremovalofin‐streamvegetationandwoodydebris.Removalofin‐streamvegetationcouldindirectlyimpactthisspeciesbyreducingtheamountofavailablehabitatforsecuringeggmassesandprovidingrefugiafortadpolesandadults.Bankstabilizationthroughrevegetationwillbeencouraged(toreduceerosion)butwillbeimplementedwithnativespeciesonly.Thisalsoincludesavoidingusingmulch,whichoftencontainsnon‐nativeseeds.ReductioninsedimentloadingtocreekswouldimprovehabitatconditionsfortheCaliforniared‐leggedfrog.Well‐vegetatedripariancorridorsmayactasafilterbytrappingandreducingsediment.However,thismayhaveacumulativenegativeeffectonthisspeciessincein‐streamvegetationtypically



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establishesonbuilt‐upsedimentinengineeredandmodifiedchannels.Withoutsedimentdepositioninthesechannels,in‐streamvegetationwillbereduced.

3.10.2.6 Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)

Thegoldeneagleisconsideredaspecial‐statusspeciesinCalifornia.ItisprotectedbytheMBTAandtheEagle.ThisspeciesisalsoprotectedbyCFGCandisaFullyProtectedSpeciesbytheStateofCalifornia.ItisconsideredaspeciesofspecialconcernbytheCDFW.

Distribution

ThegoldeneagleispredominatelyawesternNorthAmericanspeciesrangingfromnorthernAlaskathroughthewesternstatesandGreatPlainstoMexicowithsomebreedingandwinteringlocationsineasternNorthAmerica.WithinCalifornia,thegoldeneagleisayear‐roundresidentgenerallyinhabitingmountainousandhillyterrainthroughouttheopenareasofthestate(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

Goldeneaglesusenearlyallterrestrialhabitatsofthewesternstatesexceptdenselyforestedareas.IntheinteriorcentralCoastRangesofCalifornia,goldeneaglesfavoropengrasslandsandoaksavanna,withlessernumbersinoakwoodlandandopenshrublands.Secludedcliffswithoverhangingledgesandlargetreesareusedfornestingandcover.Preferredterritorysitesincludethosethathaveafavorablenestsite,adependablefoodsupply(mediumtolargemammalsandbirds),andbroadexpansesofopencountryforforaging.Hillyormountainouscountrywheretakeoffandsoaringaresupportedbyupdraftsisgenerallypreferredtoflathabitats.Deeplycutcanyonsrisingtoopenmountainslopesandcragsareidealhabitat(ICFInternational2010).

Breedingdensitiesaredirectlyrelatedtoterritorialspacingandforagingrequirementsforthespecies.Territorysizehasbeenestimatedtoaverage124squarekilometers(sqkm)innorthernCaliforniabutcanvarylargelywithhabitatconditions.MatingoccursfromlateJanuarythroughAugust,withpeakactivityinMarchthroughJuly.EggsarelaidfromearlyFebruarytomid‐May.Clutchsizevariesfromonetofoureggs,buttwoisthemostcommonsize.Incubationlasts43–45days,andthefledgingperiodisabout72–84days.Theyoungusuallyremaindependentontheirparentsforaslongaselevenweeksafterward.Goldeneaglesarethetopavianpredatorinthegrassland/savannaecosystemofthecentralCoastRangeinCalifornia.Theymaydirectlycompetewithferruginoushawks(Buteoregalis)andothersmallerhawksforsmallmammals,andwithCaliforniacondors(Gymnogypscalifornianus)forcarrion(ICFInternational2010).

Thespeciesisrelativelycommoninsomeareasofitsrange.Localthreatsordeclinesdonotposeamajorconservationproblemfromapopulationperspective,thoughlocalpopulationscouldbeeffectedbyhighmortalityrates.ThisspecieswasonceacommonresidentthroughouttheopenareasofCalifornia;numbersarenowreducednearhumanpopulationcenters,butingeneral,populationsseemstable.WithinWestCentralCalifornia,includingAlamedaCounty,thegoldeneaglepopulationisapparentlystable(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Theprimaryexistingthreatstogoldeneaglesurvivalthroughoutitsrangeincludelossoralterationofbothforagingandnestinghabitat.InCalifornia,thisisduetoreclamationofgrasslandsfor



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agriculture,urbanization,andtheeliminationofannualgrasslandhabitat.Humandisturbanceofnestingbirdsandfatalitiescausedbycontactwithinfrastructure(e.g.,powerfacilities,buildings,fences,windturbines)alsoposethreatstothisspecies.Ananalysisofthecausesoffatalitiesin61goldeneaglesradio‐taggedandrecoveredintheDiabloRangefromJanuary1994toDecember1997foundthat37%werekilledbywindturbinestrikes,16%byelectrocution,and5%byleadpoisoning.Theremainingbirdswerelostduetoshootings(2%),carstrikes(5%),botulism(2%),territorialfightswithothereagles(5%),collisionwithfences(3%),fledgingmishaps(10%),andotherunknownfactors(15%)(ICFInternational2010).


TherearesixeCNDDBoccurrencesofgoldeneaglewithintheSMPArea(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).PotentiallysuitableforagehabitatoccurswithinthePlanningArea,particularlynorthofHighway580,aswellinotherundevelopedportionsoftheCity.


Moststreammaintenanceactivities,ifconductedduringthebreedingseason,havethepotentialtoimpactnestinggoldeneagles,aswellasotherraptorsandmigratorybirds.Thisisduetothewidespreadnatureofbirdbreedinghabitat.Anyactivitiesthatrequiregroundexcavationorvegetationremovalhavethepotentialtoremoveordisturbbirdnestsduringthebreedingseason.Otheractivities,particularlythosethatrequiremobilizinglargeequipment,havethepotentialtodisturbnestingbirdsduetoexcessivenoise.

Wheneverfeasible,Program‐relatedactivitieswillbescheduledoutsideofthenestingseason(typicallyMarchtoJuly).Preconstructionsurveyswillbeconductedforactivenestsduringthenestingseason,andprocedurestoavoidimpactstoactivenestswillbeestablished.

3.10.2.7 Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor)

Thetricoloredblackbirdisconsideredaspecial‐statusspeciesinCalifornia.ItisprotectedbytheMBTAandbyCFGC.ItisconsideredaspeciesofspecialconcernbytheCDFW.

Distribution

TricoloredblackbirdsareendemictothewestcoastofNorthAmericaandprimarilytoCalifornia.Thespecies’historicalbreedingrangeinCaliforniaincludedtheSacramentoandSanJoaquinValleys,lowlandsoftheSierraNevadasouthtoKernCounty,thecoastregionfromSonomaCountytotheMexicanborder,andsporadicallyontheModocPlateau(Neff1937;GrinnellandMiller1944).Thoughindividualsmoveandutilizedifferenthabitatswithintheregion,dependingontimeofyear,longdistancemigrationhasnotbeenverifiedinthisspecies.

TricoloredblackbirdsarelargelyendemictoCalifornia,andmorethan99%oftheglobalpopulationoccursinthestate.Inanygivenyear,morethan75%ofthebreedingpopulationcanbefoundintheCentralValley.SmallbreedingpopulationsalsoexistatscatteredsitesinOregon,Washington,Nevada,andthewesterncoastofBajaCalifornia(ICFInternational2010).

Tricoloredblackbirdsareconsidered“itinerantbreeders”(i.e.,nomadicbreeders)whereindividualsorcoloniescanbreedindifferentregionswithinthesameyear.Breedingcoloniesoftricolored



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blackbirdsoftengounreportedbecauseoftheirsimilarappearancetothecommonred‐wingedblackbird(Agelaiusphoeniceus)(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

Tricoloredblackbirdshavethreebasicrequirementsforselectingtheirbreedingcolonysites:open,accessiblewater;aprotectednestingsubstrate,includingeitherflooded,thorny,orspinyvegetation;andasuitableforagingspaceprovidingadequateinsectpreywithinafewmilesofthenestingcolony.Almost93%ofthe252breedingcoloniesreportedbyNeff(1937)wereinfreshwatermarshesdominatedbycattailsandbulrushes(Schoenoplectusspp.).TheremainingcoloniesinNeff'sstudywereinwillows(Salixspp.),blackberries(Rubusspp.),thistles(CirsiumandCentaureaspp.),ornettles(Urticaspp.)(ICFInternational2010).

Anincreasingpercentageoftricoloredblackbirdcoloniesinthe1980sand1990swerereportedinHimalayanblackberries(Rubusdiscolor),andsomeofthelargestrecentcolonieshavebeeninsilageandgrainfields.Othersubstrateswheretricoloredblackbirdshavebeenobservednestingincludegiantreed(Arundodonax),safflower(Carthamustinctorius),tamarisktrees(Tamarixspp.),elderberry/poisonoak(Toxicodendrondiversilobum),andriparianscrublandsandforests(e.g.,Salix,Populus,Fraxinus).Idealforagingconditionsfortricoloredblackbirdsarecreatedwhenshallowflood‐irrigation,mowing,orgrazingkeepsthevegetationatanoptimalheight(<15centimeters).Preferredforaginghabitatsincludeagriculturalcropssuchasrice,alfalfa,irrigatedpastures,andripeningorcutgrainfields(e.g.,oatswheat,silage,andrice),aswellasannualgrasslands,cattlefeedlots,anddairies.Tricolorsalsoforageinremnantnativehabitats,includingwetanddryvernalpoolsandotherseasonalwetlands,riparianscrubhabitats,andopenmarshborders(ICFInternational2010).

Asmanyas20,000or30,000tricoloredblackbirdnestshavebeenrecordedincattailmarshesof4hectares(9acres)orless,andindividualnestsmaybebuiltlessthan0.5meter(1.5feet)apart.Tricoloredblackbird’scolonialbreedingsystemmayhaveadaptedtoexploitarapidlychangingenvironmentwherethelocationsofsecurenestinghabitatandrichinsectfoodsupplieswereephemeralandlikelytochangeeachyear.Duringthebreedingseason,tricoloredblackbirdsexhibititinerantbreeding,commonlymovingtodifferentbreedingsiteseachseason.InthenorthernCentralValleyandnortheasternCalifornia,individualsmoveaftertheirfirstnestingattempts,whethersuccessfulorunsuccessful.BandingstudiesindicatethatsignificantmovementintotheSacramentoValleyoccursduringthepost‐breedingperiod(ICFInternational2010).

WinteringpopulationsshiftextensivelywithintheirbreedingrangeinCalifornia.Concentrationsofmorethan15,000winteringtricoloredblackbirdsmaygatheratonelocationanddisperseupto32km(20miles)toforage.Local,regional,andstatewidetricoloredblackbirdpopulationshaveexperiencedmajordeclinessince1994(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Thegreatestthreatstothisspeciesarethedirectlossandalterationofhabitat;however,otherhumanactivities,aswellaspredation,alsothreatentricoloredblackbirdpopulationsintheCentralValley.Mostnativehabitatsthatoncesupportednestingandforagingtricoloredblackbirdshavebeenalteredbyurbanizationandunsuitableagriculturaluses,includingvineyards,orchards,androwcrops.Manyformeragriculturalareaswithinthehistoricalrangeoftricoloredblackbirdsarenowbeingurbanized.Nestsandnestcontentsincerealcropsandsilageareoftendestroyedbyagriculturaloperations.Harvestingofsilageandplowingofweedyfieldsarecurrentlythemost



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commonreasonsthattricoloredblackbirdnestingcoloniesaredestroyedinagriculturalareas.Typicallytricoloredblackbirdshavenotcompletedtheirnestingcyclewhenfieldsareplowed,creatingasituationswherebirdsareattractedtoanareatobreeding,becausethereisampleforagingopportunities,butthennestsaredestroyedasaresultoftheagriculturaloperations.CaliforniaAudubonSocietyhasworkedwithlocallandownerstodelayplowinguntiltricoloredblackbirdshavecompletedtheirnestingcycleandmovedoutofthearea.Financialincentiveshavebeenofferedtolandownerstooffsetthecostofadelayedharvest.Otherfactorsthatmayaffectthenestingsuccessofcoloniesinagriculturalareasincludeherbicideandpesticideapplications,andsprayingpondsformosquitoabatement.Aprimaryreasonforlimitednestingsuccessinagriculturalareas(particularlyinricefields)ispredationoffledglingbyblack‐crownednightherons(Nycticoraxnycticorax)(ICFInternational2010).


Eighttri‐coloredblackbirdoccurrencesarelistedintheCNDDB,atthefollowinglocations:SunolValley(approximately1200in1971,150in1994);alongAltamontPassRoad,eastofDyerRoad45adultsobservednestingin1992);eastofPleasanton(16pairin1980;Kaisergravelpit);eastofSanRamon(20in1990,60in1995,possiblyextirpatedin2002‐2007);ArroyodelValle,southwestofLivermore(1974;possiblyextirpated);Isabelgravelpits(1994);acolonyadjacenttoCaliforniaaqueduct,southendofBethanyReservoirin2003;andeastofSanRamon,nearWindemereRanchMiddleSchool(75in1990)(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).

Resultsofa2008censusreportedonlyoneactivecolonyinAlamedacounty,atAmesandDolanroadsneartheCityofLivermore(April272008,27nestingpairs).Therewerenonestingtricoloredblackbirdsatthefollowinghistoriccolonysites:AltamontCreek,BroadmoorPond,DagninoRoad,DyerRoad,LaughlinRoad,NorthFlynnRoad,VallecitosLane(ICFInternational2010).

PotentiallysuitableforagehabitatoccurswithinthePlanningArea,particularlynorthofHighway580,aswellinotherundevelopedportionsoftheCity.PotentiallysuitablebreedinghabitatforthisspeciesoccursinArroyodelValle.


Moststreammaintenanceactivities,ifconductedduringthebreedingseason,havethepotentialtoimpacttricoloredblackbirds.Anyactivitiesthatrequiregroundexcavationorvegetationremovalhavethepotentialtoremoveordisturbbirdnestsduringthebreedingseason.Otheractivities,particularlythosethatrequiremobilizinglargeequipment,havethepotentialtodisturbnestingbirdsduetoexcessivenoise.


3.10.2.8 Western Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia hypugea)

Theburrowingowlisconsideredaspecial‐statusspeciesinCalifornia.ItisprotectedbytheMBTAandtheCFGC.ItisconsideredaspeciesofspecialconcernbytheCDFW.



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Distribution

TheburrowingowlisfoundthroughoutwesternNorthAmerica,westoftheMississippiRiverandsouthintoMexico.InCalifornia,therangeofburrowingowlextendsthroughthelowlandssouthandwestfromnorthcentralCaliforniatoMexico,withsmall,scatteredpopulationsoccurringintheGreatBasinandthedesertregionsofthenortheasternandsouthwesternpartofthestate,respectively.TheyareabsentfromthecoastnorthofSonomaCountyandfromhighmountainareassuchastheSierraNevadaandtheTransverseRangesextendingeastfromSantaBarbaraCountytoSanBernardinoCounty.BurrowingowlsonceoccurredinsuitablelowlandhabitatsthroughouttheBayArea.Thisspeciesutilizedwhatwasoncevastopenvalleyfloorsandlowslopingfoothillsyearround.BurrowingowlpopulationshavebeengreatlyreducedorextirpatedfrommostoftheSanFranciscoBayAreaandalongtheCaliforniacoasttoLosAngeles(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

Throughouttheirrange,burrowingowlsrequirehabitatswiththreebasicattributes:open,well‐drainedterrain;short,sparsevegetation;andundergroundburrowsorburrowfacsimiles.Duringthebreedingseason,theymayalsoneedenoughpermanentcoverandtallervegetationwithintheirforagingrangetoprovidethemwithsufficientprey,whichincludeslargeinsectsandsmallmammals.Burrowingowlsoccupygrasslands,deserts,sagebrushscrub,agriculturalareas(includingpasturesanduntilledmarginsofcropland),earthenleveesandberms,coastaluplands,andurbanvacantlots,aswellasthemarginsofairports,golfcourses,androads(ICFInternational2010).

Burrowingowlstypicallyselectsitesthatsupportshortvegetation,evenbaresoil,presumablybecausetheycaneasilyseeoverit.However,theywilltoleratetallvegetationifitissparse.Owlswillperchonraisedburrowmoundsorothertopographicreliefsuchasrocks,tallplants,fenceposts,anddebrispilestoattaingoodvisibility(ICFInternational2010).

Thisopportunisticfeederwillconsumearthropods,smallmammals,birds,amphibians,andreptiles.Insectsareoftentakenduringtheday,whilesmallmammalsaretakenatnight.InCalifornia,cricketsandmeadowvoleswerefoundtobethemostcommonfooditems.Nocturnalforagingcanoccuruptoseveralkilometersawayfromtheburrow.Inurbanareas,burrowingowlsareoftenattractedtostreetlights,whereinsectpreycongregates.WesternburrowingowlsmostcommonlyliveinburrowscreatedbyCaliforniagroundsquirrels(Spermophilisbeecheyi).Burrowingowlsmaycompeteincidentallywithotherpredatorssuchascoyotes,otherowlsandhawks,skunks,weasels,andbadgersforrodentsandavarietyofinsects(ICFInternational2010).

Littleinformationexistsonthemigrationroutes,timingofmigration,andwinteringareas,especiallyfortheCaliforniapopulation(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Themostimmediatethreatstotheburrowingowlaretheconversionofgrasslandhabitattourbanandsomeagriculturaluses(vineyards,orchards,andsomerowcrops)andthelossofmoresuitableagriculturallandstodevelopment.Equallyimportantisthelossoffossorialrodents,suchasgroundsquirrelsacrossmuchoftheowl’shistoricalhabitat.Eradicationprogramshavedecimatedpopulationsoftheserodentsovertimeandhaveinturndisruptedtheecologicalrelationshipsonwhichowlsdepend;becausewesternburrowingowlstypicallyneedotheranimalstodigtheir



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burrows,thelossoffossorialrodentslimitstheextentofyear‐roundowlhabitatthroughouttheirrange(ICFInternational2010).


Thereare40documentedoccurrencesofburrowingowlsthroughouteasternAlamedaCounty,manyofwhicharerecordsofnestingpairs(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).PotentiallysuitablehabitatforthisspeciesoccursadjacenttocreeksandchannelsnorthofHighway580,aswellasalongportionsofArroyoLasPositas,AltamontCreek,ArroyoSeco,ArroyodelValle,andArroyoMocho.


Bankstabilizationandrevegetationactivities(includinganyuplandconstructionstaging),ifconductedduringthebreedingseason,havethepotentialtoimpactwesternburrowingowls.Otheractivities,particularlythosethatrequiremobilizinglargeequipment,havethepotentialtodisturbnestingbirdsduetoexcessivenoise.In‐streamsedimentremovalandvegetationmanagementactivitieswouldnotdirectlyimpactburrowingowlsasthisisnottheirpreferredhabitat.


3.10.2.9 American Badger (Taxidea taxus)

TheAmericanbadgerisconsideredaspecial‐statusspeciesinCalifornia.ItisconsideredaspeciesofspecialconcernbyCDFW.

Distribution

InNorthAmerica,AmericanbadgersoccurasfarnorthasAlberta,CanadaandasfarsouthascentralMexico.TheirdistributionthroughtheUnitedStatesisexpandingandpresentlyextendsfromthePacificCoasteastwardtoTexas,Oklahoma,Missouri,Illinois,Indiana,andOhio.TheAmericanbadgerhasabroadaltitudinalrange,frombelowsealevelatDeathValleyupto12,000feet(3,660meters)attheArctic‐AlpineLifeZone.InCalifornia,AmericanbadgersoccurthroughoutthestateexceptinhumidcoastalforestsofnorthwesternCaliforniainDelNorteandHumboldtCounties(ICFInternational2010).

TheAmericanbadgerhasbeendecreasinginnumbersthroughoutCaliforniaoverthelastcentury.AdistributionstudyforAmericanbadgersinCaliforniaconductedthroughthe1970’sand1980’sdeterminedthattherewasnochangeintheoverallrangeofthisspeciessinceearlyinthecentury(Larson1987).However,changesintheabundanceofbadgersinCaliforniacouldnotbeaccuratelydeterminedbythisstudy(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

Americanbadgersoccurinawidevarietyofopen,aridhabitatsbutaremostcommonlyassociatedwithgrasslands,savannas,mountainmeadows,andopenareasofdesertscrub.Theprincipalhabitatrequirementsforthisspeciesappeartobesufficientfood(burrowingrodents),friablesoils,andrelativelyopen,uncultivatedground.Americanbadgersareprimarilyfoundinareasoflowtomoderateslope.Burrowsareusedfordenning,escape,andpredationonburrowingrodents.A



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recentstudyintheBayAreadocumentedtheusesuburbanareasasmovementcorridorsbetweenlargerpatchesofgrassland(ICFInternational2010).

Youngareborninburrowsduginrelativelydry,oftensandy,soil,usuallyinareaswithsparseoverstory.AmericanbadgersmateinsummerandearlyautumnandyoungareborninMarchandearlyApril.Juvenilesmayleavetheirnatalgroundsat3to4monthsofage,disperseupto110km,andusedisturbedhabitatsandagriculturalareas(ICFInternational2010).

Badgersaresolitaryanimals,buttheyarenotknowntodefendanexclusiveterritory.Typicalpopulationdensityisaboutfiveanimalspersqkm.Althoughhomerangesizevariesaccordingtogeographicarea,distributionoffoodresources,andseason,thegeneralrangeofthisspeciesis395acres–2,100acres(137–850hectares).Malesoccupylargerhomerangesthanfemales(2.4versus1.6sqkm)(ICFInternational2010).

Americanbadgersaremostlynocturnalbutalsoforageanddisperseduringthedaytime.Thisspeciesisactiveyearround,exceptathighelevationsandlatitudes,wheretheybecometorpidduringthewinter.Atlowerelevations,theAmericanbadgerinthewinterexhibitsreducedsurfaceactivity(ICFInternational2010).

Americanbadgersarecarnivorousandarerelativelyopportunisticpredators,feedingonanumberofrodentspeciessuchasmice,chipmunks,groundsquirrels,gophers,rabbits,andkangaroorats.Theywillalsoeatreptiles,insects,birdsandtheireggs,andcarrion.TheAmericanbadgerisaferociousfighterandhasveryfewpredators.Predatorsincludecoyotes,goldeneagles,mountainlions,bearsandgraywolvesthroughoutitsrange(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

CommonthreatstotheAmericanbadgerincludehabitatconversiontourbanandagriculturaluses,shootingandtrapping,poisoning,automobilefatalities,andreductionofpreybasefromrodentcontrolactivities.Inthewest,infillofformerlyopenwoodlandsandencroachmentofforestsintograsslandasaresultofeffectivefiresuppressionhaseliminatedordegradedmuchbadgerhabitat.Somepopulationsareestimatedtobeupto80%yearlingsoryoungoftheyear,suggestinghighmortalityrates.Badgersmaybeattractedtoroads,bothbecausegroundsquirrelsoftenburrowalongsidethem,andbecausetheyaregoodtravelroutes(ICFInternational2010).


BadgersoccurredonshortgrassanddrypastureandsomescrubhabitatnearDelValleReservoirandonLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratoryandDepartmentofDefenseproperty(ICFInternational2010).Thereare8CNDDBoccurrencesofthespeciesintheSMPArea(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).PotentiallysuitablehabitatforthisspeciesinthePlanningAreaoccursnorthofHighway580andalongtheupstreamportionArroyoSecointhesoutheasternportionoftheCity.


ProgrammaintenanceactivitieswithincreeksandchannelsarenotexpectedtoresultineffectstoAmericanbadgerbecausethisisnottheirpreferredhabitat.Stagingareasthatoccurinuplandgrasslandscouldpotentiallyimpactthisspecies;however,thepotentialforoccurrenceislowduetothelimiteddistributioninthePlanningArea.Therefore,itisnotlikelythatprogram‐related



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activitieswillimpacthabitatforthisspecies.Whereappropriate,surveysforthisspecieswilloccuraspartofthesitereconnaissanceduringannualworkplandevelopmenttodeterminepresenceorabsence.

3.10.2.10 San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica)

TheSanJoaquinkitfoxisfederallyandstatelistedasendangered.

Distribution

SanJoaquinfoxesoccurinsomeareasofsuitablehabitatontheflooroftheSanJoaquinValleyandinthesurroundingfoothillsoftheCoastRanges,SierraNevada,andTehachapiMountainsfromKernCountynorthtoContraCosta,Alameda,andSanJoaquinCounties.ThereareknownoccurrencesinAlameda,ContraCosta,Fresno,Kern,Kings,Madera,Merced,Monterey,SanBenito,SanJoaquin,SanLuisObispo,SantaBarbara,SantaClara,Stanislaus,andTulareCounties.ThelargestextantpopulationsofkitfoxareinKernCounty(ElkHillsandBuenaVistaValley)andSanLuisObispoCountyintheCarrizoPlainNaturalArea(ICFInternational2010).

AlthoughtheprecisehistoricalrangeofSanJoaquinkitfoxisunknown,itisbelievedtohaveextendedfromContraCostaandSanJoaquinCountiesinthenorthtoKernCountyinthesouth.Surveysconductedbetween1969and1975extendedtheknownrangeofthekitfoxbackintoportionsofitshistoricalrangeinthenorthernSanJoaquinValley,includingContraCosta,Alameda,andSanJoaquinCounties.Atthistime,kitfoxeswerealsofoundinthreecountiesoutsidetheoriginallydefinedhistoricalrange:Monterey,SantaClara,andSantaBarbaracounties(ICFInternational2010).

Ecology

SanJoaquinkitfoxesoccurinavarietyofhabitats,includinggrasslands,scrublands,vernalpoolareas,alkalimeadowsandplayas,andanagriculturalmatrixofrowcrops,irrigatedpastures,orchards,vineyards,andgrazedannualgrasslands.Theypreferhabitatswithloose‐texturedsoilsthataresuitablefordigging,buttheyoccuronvirtuallyeverysoiltype.Densaregenerallylocatedinopenareaswithgrassorgrassandscatteredbrush,andseldomoccurinareaswiththickbrush.Preferredsitesarerelativelyflat,well‐drainedterrain.Theyareseldomfoundinareaswithshallowsoilsduetohighwatertablesorimpenetrablebedrockorhardpanlayers.However,kitfoxesmayoccupysoilswithahighclaycontentwheretheycanmodifyburrowdugbyotheranimals,suchasCaliforniagroundsquirrels(Spermophilusbeecheyi)(ICFInternational2010).

Inthenorthernpartofitsrange(includingSanJoaquin,Alameda,andContraCostaCounties)wheremosthabitatonthevalleyfloorhasbeeneliminated,kitfoxesnowoccurprimarilyinfoothillgrasslands,valleyoaksavanna,andalkaligrasslands.RetainingalinkagebetweenSanJoaquinkitfoxpopulationsinwesternMercedCountynorthintoSanJoaquin,Alameda,andContraCostaCountiesisanimportantrecoverygoalforthisspecies.Lessfrequently,foxeswilldenwithinsmallparcelsofnativehabitatthataresurroundedbyintensivelymaintainedagriculturallandsandadjacenttodrylandfarms,andforageintilledandfallowfieldsandirrigatedrowcrops(ICFInternational2010).

Kitfoxesmayrangeupto20milesatnightduringthebreedingseasonandsomewhatless(6miles)duringthepup‐rearingseason.Thespeciescanreadilynavigateamatrixoflandusetypes.Home



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rangesvaryfromlessthanonesquaremileuptoapproximately12squaremiles.Thehomerangesofpairsorfamilygroupsofkitfoxesgenerallydonotoverlap(ICFInternational2010).

SanJoaquinkitfoxespreyuponavarietyofsmallmammals,ground‐nestingbirds,andinsects.Theyareinturnsubjecttopredationbysuchspeciesascoyote,non‐nativeredfoxes,domesticdog,eagles,andlargehawks(ICFInternational2010).

Threats

Continuedfragmentationofhabitatisaseriousthreattothisspecies.Increasingisolationofpopulationsthroughhabitatdegradationandbarrierstomovement,suchasaqueductsandbusyhighways,canlimitdispersaltoandoccupancyofexistingandformerlands.Thethreatofbeingstruckbyvehiclesishigh,particularlyfordispersingindividuals,crossingroadwayswithmedianbarriers.Livestockgrazingisnotthoughttobenecessarilydetrimentaltothekitfox,butitmayaffectthenumberofpreyspeciesavailable,dependingontheintensityofgrazing.Moderategrazingisthoughttobenefitthespeciesbecauseitcanpotentiallyenhancethepreybaseandreducevegetationtoallowkitfoxtomoreeasilydetectandavoidpredators.Theuseofpesticidestocontrolrodentsandotherpestsalsothreatenskitfoxinsomeareas,eitherdirectlythroughpoisoningorindirectlythroughreductionofpreyabundance(ICFInternational2010).


SixSanJoaquinkitfoxoccurrencesaredocumentedfromtheeasternportionoftheSMPArea,inopenhabitatincludinggrassland,rangeland,pasture,annualgrasslandandalkalisinkscrub(CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase2015).OccurrencesofthespecieswithintheEACCSstudyareawereprimarilylocatedattheBethanyReservoir,onprivatelands,andSFPUCland(ICFInternational2010).WithinthePlanningArea,potentiallysuitablehabitatforthisspeciesoccursnorthofHighway580andalongtheupstreamportionArroyoSecointhesoutheasternportionoftheCity.


ProgrammaintenanceactivitieswithincreeksandchannelsarenotexpectedtoresultineffectstoSanJoaquinkitfoxbecausethisisnottheirpreferredhabitat.Stagingareasthatoccurinuplandgrasslandscouldpotentiallyimpactthisspecies;however,thepotentialforoccurrenceislowduetothelimiteddistributioninthePlanningArea.Therefore,itisnotlikelythatprogram‐relatedactivitieswillimpacthabitatforthisspecies.Whereappropriate,surveysforthisspecieswilloccuraspartofthesitereconnaissanceduringannualworkplandevelopmenttodeterminepresenceorabsence.

Table 3‐1: Land Cover Acreages by Reach Page 1 of 3

Creek or

Channel Name

Reach

Name Alk

ali

Mea

do

w a

nd

Sca

lds

Alk

ali

Wet

lan

d

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ua

l

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipa

ria

n F

ore

st

an

d W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

ari

an S

cru

b

Per

enn

ial F

resh

wa

ter

Ma

rsh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e S

tre

am

Sea

son

al W

etla

nd

Syca

mo

re A

llu

vial

Wo

od

lan

d

Va

lley S

ink

Scru

b

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rba

n

Pa

rk

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

enti

al

Urb

an ‐ S

ub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Gra

nd T

ota

l

4.36 4.54 26.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.00 13.54 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 12.76 0.00 62.61AC‐1 1.66 0.94 0.06 0.05 0.00 2.71AC‐2 0.13 0.02 13.48 1.69 15.32AC‐3 5.33 5.33AC‐4 0.95 2.09 3.04AC‐5 2.57 2.48 4.36 2.77 12.18AC‐6 1.10 3.53 0.84 5.47AC‐7 18.52 0.04 18.56

3.17 1.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 4.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.62 0.00 14.18ACT‐1 0.07 3.80 3.87ACT‐2 3.17 1.72 4.60 0.82 10.31

0.00 0.00 31.41 10.58 40.10 17.46 0.00 0.46 1.33 0.00 68.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.46 0.00 0.94 0.46 174.29ADV‐01 17.39 1.33 3.46 0.22 22.40ADV‐02 0.06 9.76 0.24 10.06ADV‐03 14.24 14.24ADV‐04 11.85 11.85ADV‐05 28.36 28.36ADV‐06 1.57 3.90 5.47ADV‐07 0.07 0.27 7.79 0.48 8.62ADV‐08 2.10 5.29 7.40ADV‐09 1.00 2.39 0.15 3.54ADV‐10 9.86 2.82 0.46 13.14ADV‐11 7.20 9.83 0.46 17.48ADV‐12 3.76 7.85 11.61ADV‐13 2.06 2.76 4.82ADV‐14 1.08 7.33 8.41ADV‐15 4.29 2.62 6.91

2.48 7.34 47.16 0.00 47.38 3.91 10.84 0.62 3.34 16.04 0.00 0.56 2.56 12.77 6.05 1.48 18.52 0.00 181.05ALP‐1 0.66 6.26 3.91 3.34 1.50 5.59 21.26ALP‐2 0.27 12.75 4.31 0.46 17.79ALP‐3 0.05 12.41 2.56 2.77 17.79ALP‐4 8.37 0.18 8.55ALP‐5 0.53 16.54 0.09 0.84 18.00ALP‐6 6.87 7.42 1.56 15.85ALP‐7 3.99 12.43 0.89 17.31ALP‐8 0.27 4.60 18.83 0.01 0.20 0.51 0.62 25.04ALP‐9 0.41 2.20 0.05 2.66ALP‐10 0.27 0.61 4.00 1.94 6.82ALP‐11 1.00 0.54 2.11 0.76 0.62 5.03ALP‐12 4.07 0.01 2.20 0.79 7.07ALP‐13 2.30 1.78 4.08ALP‐14 1.54 1.75 3.29

Land Cover Type (acres)

Altamont Creek

Altamont Creek

Tributary

Arroyo Del

Valle

Arroyo Las

Positas


Creek or

Channel Name

Reach

Name Alk

ali

Mea

do

w a

nd

Sca

lds

Alk

ali

Wet

lan

d

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ua

l

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipa

ria

n F

ore

st

an

d W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

ari

an S

cru

b

Per

enn

ial F

resh

wa

ter

Ma

rsh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e S

tre

am

Sea

son

al W

etla

nd

Syca

mo

re A

llu

vial

Wo

od

lan

d

Va

lley S

ink

Scru

b

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rba

n

Pa

rk

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

enti

al

Urb

an ‐ S

ub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Gra

nd T

ota

l


ALP‐15 0.82 2.70 3.52ALP‐16 3.43 1.48 2.08 6.99

0.00 0.00 17.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 24.52ALPT‐1 7.55 7.55ALPT‐2 2.53 2.53ALPT‐3 7.20 7.20 0.04 14.44

0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00 45.75 11.97 0.00 0.00 17.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.31 4.49 0.81 0.00 13.93 0.87 98.38AM‐1 1.41 0.01 2.84 0.81 1.56 6.63AM‐2 6.53 2.51 9.04AM‐3 14.12 1.64 15.76AM‐4 2.66 0.78 2.15 5.59AM‐5 9.03 0.92 1.42 11.37AM‐6 9.94 1.19 2.08 13.21AM‐7 6.16 1.06 0.73 7.95AM‐8 0.51 10.02 1.32 1.45 13.30AM‐9 4.29 0.25 0.39 0.87 5.80AM‐10 7.67 2.06 9.73

0.00 0.00 15.93 0.00 30.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.62 3.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.57 0.27 24.79 0.00 89.71AS‐1 9.99 0.16 10.15AS‐2 0.16 4.57 2.69 7.42AS‐3 0.02 1.37 1.19 2.58AS‐4 0.96 5.67 1.98 8.61AS‐5 3.57 3.44 7.01AS‐6 0.01 1.54 1.55AS‐7 0.90 7.49 8.39AS‐8 5.13 2.28 7.41AS‐9 2.38 1.48 0.55 4.41AS‐10 1.33 0.24 1.62 3.19AS‐11 5.16 1.13 0.89 7.18AS‐12 1.86 0.43 2.29AS‐13 0.65 3.50 0.17 0.53 4.85AS‐14 3.38 6.87 0.55 10.80AS‐15 0.79 2.81 0.00 0.27 3.87

Bear Creek

Basins

0.36 0.10 4.80 0.43 0.15 0.86 7.43 14.13

0.00 0.00 19.70 0.00 3.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.22 3.60 0.00 0.00 13.75 0.00 41.11CCC‐1 0.19 1.30 1.49CCC‐2 3.74 3.74CCC‐3 2.13 0.22 3.60 1.97 7.92CCC‐4 2.40 2.40CCC‐5 1.82 1.82CCC‐6 10.73 2.02 12.75

Arroyo Las

Positas

Tributary

Arroyo Mocho

Arroyo Seco

Collier Canyon

Creek


Creek or

Channel Name

Reach

Name Alk

ali

Mea

do

w a

nd

Sca

lds

Alk

ali

Wet

lan

d

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ua

l

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipa

ria

n F

ore

st

an

d W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

ari

an S

cru

b

Per

enn

ial F

resh

wa

ter

Ma

rsh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e S

tre

am

Sea

son

al W

etla

nd

Syca

mo

re A

llu

vial

Wo

od

lan

d

Va

lley S

ink

Scru

b

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rba

n

Pa

rk

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

enti

al

Urb

an ‐ S

ub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Gra

nd T

ota

l


CCC‐7 8.97 1.52 0.50 10.990.00 0.00 2.87 0.00 3.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.73

CC‐1 0.83 2.36 0.09 3.28CC‐2 2.04 0.97 0.44 3.45

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.42 0.00 16.65GC‐1 5.01 5.01GC‐2 0.23 11.41 11.64

Ravenswood

Drainage

Swales

4.63 4.32 8.95

0.00 0.00 14.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.95 5.28 0.00 27.33 0.00 56.57RALP‐1 2.77 7.76 1.95 6.01 18.49RALP‐2 0.92 4.47 5.39RALP‐3 5.87 5.28 16.53 27.68RALP‐4 1.69 0.32 2.01RALP‐5 2.08 2.08RALP‐6 0.92 0.92

Grand Total 10.37 13.70 180.32 10.58 171.03 33.34 10.84 1.51 41.02 21.55 68.10 19.56 12.29 22.95 19.17 6.38 144.85 1.33 788.89

Realigned

Arroyo Las

Positas

Cottonwood

Creek

Granada

Channel


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Chapter 4 Pre‐Maintenance Planning Approach

and Impact Avoidance

4.1 Introduction Thischapterdescribestheplanningstepstobetakenpriortoconductingannualmaintenanceworktoensurethattheworkiseffectiveandalsoavoidsandminimizespotentialenvironmentalimpacts.Assuch,thischapterdescribestheprogram’splanningapproach.Incontrast,Chapter5describesthemaintenanceactivitiesinmorespecificdetail.FollowingthedescriptionofprogramactivitiesinChapter5,Chapter6presentsasummaryofprogramimpactsandChapter7presentstheprogram’sadditionalimpact‐reducingmeasuresandBMPsthatoccurbeyondtheplanningmeasuresdescribedhereinChapter4.

Inthischapter,themaintenanceplanningandimpactavoidanceapproachfortheSMPispresentedasaseriesofresourceplanningsteps.Theseplanningstepsoccurpriortotheactualmaintenanceworktoensurethattheworkistargeted,effective,andavoidsforeseeableenvironmentalimpacts.

Themaintenanceplanningapproachisafour‐stepprocessthatbeginswithbroadlevelactivityplanningandfocusesdowntothedetailsinformingmaintenanceataspecificprojectsite.Atthebroadestscale,MaintenancePrinciplesareusedtoprovideoverarchingguidanceformaintenanceactivities.FramingConsiderationsbuildontheMaintenancePrinciplesandframetheextentoftheSMP’sthreeprimaryactivities:SedimentManagement,VegetationManagement,andBankStabilization.FramingConsiderationsguidethemaintenanceactivitiestoeffectivelyworkinalignmentwithnaturalprocessesandtherebyavoidorreducepotentialimpacts.FollowingtheFramingConsiderations,MaintenanceGoalsareusedtosetthedesiredoutcomesoftheprogram.ThefourthandfinalplanningscaledescribesMaintenanceTriggers.Theseareeventsthatinitiatetheneedformaintenanceactivitiestooccur.Insum,themaintenanceapproachfollowsasequenceoffourplanningstepsthatoperateatdifferentscalesasfollows:

1. MaintenancePrinciples:provideoverarchingguidanceforSMPactivitiesincludingimpactavoidanceandminimizationapproaches;

2. FramingConsiderations:providemorespecificcontextfortheprimarySMPactivitieswhileconsideringstreamfunctions;

3. Goals:describedesiredoutcomesformaintenanceactivities;and

4. Triggers:definetheneedandtimingformaintenanceactivities.

4.2 Maintenance Principles ThefollowingMaintenancePrincipleswerecharteredtoguidetheSMP:

1. NoUnnecessaryIntervention

2. UnderstandtheSystemanditsProcesses

City of Livermore Pre‐Maintenance Planning Approach and Impact Avoidance


4‐2 April 2015

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3. ConsiderAdjacentLandUses

4. ApplySystemUnderstandingtoMaintenanceActivities

5. ManageforIncrementalEcologicImprovement(Lift)

6. IntegrateMaintenanceActivitiesTowardsSustainability(reducedfrequencyofmaintenance)

4.2.1 Maintenance Principle 1: No Unnecessary Intervention

ThisbasicprincipleisfoundationaltotheSMP;thatnounnecessaryinterventioninstreamprocessesshouldoccurandthatmaintenanceisrestrictedtonecessaryandappropriateactivities.ThefollowingquestionshelpguideimplementationofPrinciple1.

Hasoverbankfloodingoccurredatthereachthreateningorcausingdamagetopropertyorresultedintheareabeingdesignatedasafloodhazardzone1?

Isobservedfloodingduetothereductionincreekorchannelconveyancecapacitycausedbyin‐channelsedimentation,excessivevegetationgrowth,orembeddedtrashanddebris?

Havecreekorchannelbed,bank,orvegetationconditionschangedatthereachsuchthatfloodinginthecomingrainyseason,andassociatedsafetyhazardsandpropertydamage,arenowmorelikelyundertypicaloraverageannualflowconditions?

Isthereaclearandspecificflowimpediment(e.g.,trees,shrubs,orsedimentblockingculvertorstormdrainoutlet)thatwillincreaseorlikelycauseafloodinghazardundertypicaloraverageannualflowconditions?

Hasstreambankerosionorabankfailureoccurredthathasledto(ormayleadto)thelossofadjacentstructuressuchasbridges,roads,orhomes?

Hasstreambankerosionorabankfailureoccurredthatreducesthestrengthandintegrityofadjacentstreambankareasandincreasespotentialfloodhazard?

Hasstreambankerosionorbankfailureoccurredthatleadstoincreasedsedimentyieldsintothecreekorchannelanddownstreamreceivingwaters?

Arematerialspresentwithinthecreekorchannelthatareincompatiblewithorhazardoustofocalspecies?

Isanauthorizedactivityrequiringworkinthecreekorchannel(e.g.,waterdiversion)?

Ifanswerstoanyofthesequestionsare“yes”thenmaintenancemaybenecessary.

1TheNFIPdefines“flood”as,“ageneralandtemporaryconditionofpartialorcompleteinundationoftwoormoreacresofnormallydrylandareaoroftwoormorepropertiesatleastoneofwhichisthepolicyholder’sproperty)fromoneofthefollowing:Overflowofinlandortidalwaters;Unusualandrapidaccumulationorrunoffofsurfacewatersfromanysource;Mudflow;Collapseorsubsidenceoflandalongtheshoreofalakeorsimilarbodyofwaterasaresultoferosionorunderminingcausedbywavesorcurrentsofwaterexceedinganticipatedcyclicallevelsthatresultinafloodasdefinedabove”(NationalFloodInsuranceProgram2014).



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4.2.2 Maintenance Principle 2: Understand the System and Its Processes

Ifmaintenanceisnecessary,thenpriortoselectingsediment,vegetation,orbankstabilizationtreatments,thecreekorchannelsystemanditsformativeprocessesmustbeunderstoodtoknowwhythereachfunctionsasitdoes.Fromthisfunctionalunderstanding,appropriatetreatmentscanbeselected.ThefollowingquestionshelpillustratePrinciple2.

Whatarethegoverninghydraulicandgeomorphicconditionsatthereach?

Dotheexistingcreekorchannelcrosssectionform,in‐channelfeatures(suchasbars,benches,backchannels,etc.),andreachslopeindicateacreekorchannelindynamicequilibrium(agradedstream);wherethecreekorchannelformreflectsarelativebalanceoferosionalanddepositionalforcesasappropriateforthereach’slocationinthewatershed?Or,isthereachstronglydepositionalorerosional,thussuggestinganon‐equilibriumcondition?

Whatistherelationshipbetweenthiscreekorchannelreachandupstreamanddownstreamconditions?Inparticular,whatareupstreamsedimentinputstothisreachandhowarethoseinputseitherstoredinthereachortransportedfurtherdownstream?

Havehistoricmaintenanceactivitiesatthisreachstronglyinfluenceditscurrentfunctioning?Dosuchinfluencesaffectconditionseitherupstreamordownstream?

Hasmaintenanceatthisreachbeenon‐goinginpastorrecentyearsindicatingachronicissue?

Whatecologicalsuccessionstageisthisreachin?Howwillecologicsuccessionoperateinthisreach?Intheabsenceofmaintenancewhatistheforeseeableecologicalprogressionorclimaxinthisreach.Whichstageshouldbemanagedforinthisreach?

Whereavailable,creekorchannelas‐builtdesigns,streamflowrecords,historicmapsandcrosssections,photographs,andhydraulicmodelingresultsmayallbeusedtoaddresstheabovequestionsduringtheannualcreekandchannelmaintenanceassessmentprocess(seeChapter9).

TheinformationgatheredthroughthisstepisappliedunderMaintenancePrinciple4,below.

4.2.3 Maintenance Principle 3: Consider Adjacent Land Uses

Wherecreeksandchannelsareborderedbydevelopedlanduses,floodprotectionrequirementsmayconstrainstreammanagementoptions.Theneedsofadjacentlanduseswilldefinethetypesofactivitiesthatcanorshouldbeconductedwithintheactivelymanagedstreamcorridor.Forinstance,thewidthofthemanagedcreekorchannelcorridorhasseveralimplicationsincludingthesensitivityorrisktofloodhazard,theeaseofaccessformaintenanceactivities,andthepotentialtomanageforecologicenhancement(asdiscussedinMaintenancePrinciple5).Similarly,hownarrowacreekorchannelcorridorisinrelationtoitsadjacentlandusesmayconstrainthemaintenanceactivitiesortreatments,access,orecologicalimprovementsthatarepossible.Asaresult,eachreachpresentscertainmanagementneeds,basedoncurrentcreekorchannelfunctioningandthehabitatandaestheticvaluesitprovides.Inparallel,eachreachalsopresentsconstraints,withconsiderationofadjacentlandusesandtheirsensitivityandrisktofloodingbeingamajorconsideration.

Foreachreach,theadjacentlanduseneedsandconstraintswillbeconsideredtoidentifythesuitablemaintenanceapproach.



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4.2.4 Maintenance Principle 4: Apply System Understanding to Maintenance Actions

Onceitisdeterminedthatmaintenanceworkisnecessary(MaintenancePrinciple1),thenaturalfunctionofthesystemisunderstood(MaintenancePrinciple2),andlocalizedphysicalconstraintsareidentified(MaintenancePrinciple3),maintenanceactivitiesatthereachscalecanbeidentifiedbasedonbestavailableinformation.Applyingthisinformationtocreekandchannelmaintenanceactionsmaybeassimpleasdeterminingthatsedimentremovalandvegetationmanagementarenecessarytopreventfloodinginareachwherefloodingoccurredthepreviousyear.

TheCitycurrentlytrackspastmaintenanceactivitiesthroughitsworkordersystem.Asdescribedabove,implementationoftheSMPwillincludeongoingmanagementofacentralcreekandchannelmaintenancecentraldatabase(SMPTracker)chroniclingpastmaintenanceactivities,floodingevents,andnaturalresourceconditions.Understandingthestreamsystemcanalsoleadtoamorecomprehensiveandlonger‐termmaintenanceapproachatthereachscale.

4.2.5 Maintenance Principle 5: Manage for Incremental Ecological Improvement

TheCityofLivermore’svisionistoprovideabalancebetweenfloodprotectionmanagementandhabitatsupportwherebyovertime,creeksandchannelsprovidebothfunctionswithreducedmaintenanceneeds.Themanagementapproachtoachievethisvisionrecognizeseachreach’sexistingfunctionalcondition,butalsolooksforwardtowardimprovingeachreach’secologicconditionasabyproductofcreekandchannelmaintenance.

Answeringthefollowingquestionswillhelpguidethestreamassessmentandrestorationplandevelopmentprocessforeachannualworkcycle(seeChapter9).

Whataretheexistingnaturalhabitatsandaquaticresourcesatthereach?

Areparticularin‐channelfeaturessuchaslargewoodydebris(LWD)orgravelbarspresentthatprovidevaluablehabitat?

Dothepresenceofthesefeaturesorresourcesinfluencehow,where,andwhenmaintenanceactivitiesmightoccur?

Whichhabitatfeaturesandfunctionscanbepreservedinthecontextofhydrauliccapacity?

Arethereknownoccurrencesofthreatenedorendangeredspeciesatthereach?

Canhabitatconditionsatthereachbeimprovedtosupportadditionalspeciesorsustainthequalityofexistinghabitat?

Whatwouldbethebestwaytopreservehabitatfunction?

Dependingonexistingconditions,restorationoptionscanbeappliedtoimproveareach,evenifonlyincrementally,duetootherconstraints.Thisprincipleemphasizesgradualadjustmentofmaintenanceactionsthroughadaptivemanagement.Creekmanagementinthiswayprovidesincrementalimprovement,orecologic“lift,”thatmovesthetreatedreachincrementallytowardalonger‐termvision.



4‐5 April 2015

ICF 00337.12

TheSMPprogramincludesfollow‐upmonitoringofallrestorationandmitigationactivities.ProgrammonitoringismorespecificallydescribedinChapter8,ProgramMitigation.Fortheprogram’sreachesmonitoringwillbeusedtoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthegradualstepwiseecologicalimprovementapproachdescribedabove.

4.2.6 Maintenance Principle 6: Integrate Maintenance Activities Toward Sustainability

Theapproachforcreekandchannelmaintenanceshouldintegrateeffectiveactivitiesthatintimewillreducetheoverallneedforcontinuedmaintenancesupport.Asanexample,afeedbackcyclecandevelopwhere(1)theaccumulationoffinesedimentsarefavoredbyemergentvegetationsuchascattails,that(2)inturnencouragesadditionalsedimenttrapping,which(3)ultimatelyreduceshabitatqualityandfloodconveyancecapacity.Preventingorbreakingthiscyclethroughreducingfinesedimentloadingisdesiredversusthecontinualremovalofaccumulatedsedimentandemergentvegetation.Asanotherexample,erosioncontrolpracticesinheadwaterandupperwatershedareascanreducethesedimentdeliveryandloadingintothefloodcontrolchannelsdownstream.Reducingupstreamsedimentloadingreducestheneedforin‐channelmaintenanceactivitiesingeneral.Watershederosioncontrolandoff‐sitemitigationeffortsareanimportantstrategyoftheSMPandarediscussedinmoredetailinChapter8,ProgramMitigation.

AlthoughbeyondthescopeoftheSMP,futurecapitalprojectplanningbytheCitymayconsidermeasurestoreducein‐channelmaintenanceneeds,particularlyforsedimentmanagement.

4.2.7 Conclusion

TheMaintenancePrinciplescollectivelyguidetheSMP’sintegratedmaintenanceapproachwhileconsideringavarietyofparametersincludingexistingconditions,naturalprocesses,andecologicalhealth.AccordingtotheMaintenancePrinciplesdiscussedabove,opportunitiesforreachsustainabilityandenhancementwillbeidentifiedbasedontheexistingconditions,constraints,andmaintenanceneeds.Thisapproachthenfeedsintoevaluationoflong‐termsustainabilityforfocalspecies.ThequestionsusedinthischaptertoillustratetheMaintenancePrinciplesareincorporatedintotheannualcreekandchannelassessmentprocessdescribedinChapter9,ProgramManagement.

4.3 Sediment Management Approach

4.3.1 Framing Considerations

Fivekeyconsiderationsframethecontextandapproachforsedimentmanagementactivities.

Thenaturalfunctionofstreamsistoconveysedimentfromheadwatersourceareas(orupstreamin‐channelsourceareas)todownstreamreaches,lowlands,orbasinswherethesedimentultimatelydeposits.Inallstreams,sedimentsarevariablyeroded,transported,ordeposited.Themovementofsedimentalongthestreamsystemrepresentsabeneficialnaturalfunction.Itisalsorecognizedthatnaturalsedimenttransportprocessesarestronglyaffectedbyhistoricandcurrentlanduseconditions,urbandevelopment,pastengineeringandalterationstothecreekandchannelnetwork,andothermodifications.Asaresultofthese



4‐6 April 2015

ICF 00337.12

influences,sedimenttransportprocessesandloadingsmaybeaugmentedordepleteddependinguponthereach.Inasystemalreadylargelyimpactedthroughsuchconditions,additionalmaintenanceisrequiredtomanagesedimentandensuretheprotectionofstreamsidelanduses.

Sedimenttransportisaninherentlydynamicprocess.Becauseofthisdynamism,targetconditionsforsedimenttransportshouldnotbestableorstatic,butshouldreflectsomedegreeofvariabilityandincludethepossibilityofepisodichigh‐magnitudeevents.Forsedimentmanagement,targetoutcomesshouldreflectanacceptablerangeofconditionsratherthanastaticprescribedform.

Sedimentloadingandvegetationgrowthareintimatelyrelatedinafeedbackloop.Sedimentsupportsthegrowthofvegetationwithinandalongthecreekorchannel,andvegetationinturnbenefitshabitatqualitybyshadingthecreekorchannel,reducingwatertemperatures,andimproveoxygenexchangeinthewatercolumn.However,excessivevegetationgrowthcanreducefloodconveyancecapacity;contributetoelevatednutrientloading,ultimatelydecreasingwaterquality;increasesedimentdepositionrates;andreducehabitatqualityandcomplexitybycreatingshallow,diffuseflowconditionsacrossthecreekorchannelbottom.

Sedimentaccumulationcanreducethecreekorchannel’sabilitytoconveyfloodwaters.Thisposesaparticularchallengewherestreamsthatwerehistoricallybroad,orpartofabraidedmulti‐channelsystem,arenowconfinedintoasinglecreekorchannel.Historically,suchsystemsdepositedtheirsedimentsacrosswidefloodplains.Now,suchconfinedsystemsmaybeinherentlydepositional,dependingoncreekorchannelhydraulicsandthebalanceofslopevs.crosssectionalarea.Inengineeredsystems,sedimentislikelytodepositinreacheswithrelativelygentlergradientsorwherethecreekorchannelcrosssectioniswiderthannecessarytoconveyexpectedloads.SMPstreammanagersrecognizethatsomedegreesofsedimentationorerosionwilloccurinahealthystream—whatisessentialforstreammanagementistoidentifyandaddressreacheswheredepositionorerosionareexcessive.Sedimentmanagementtriggersdescribedbelowprovideguidanceonwhensedimentmanagementshouldbeinitiated.

Accumulatedsedimentcanobstructinfrastructuresuchasculvertsandbridgeunderpasses.Thiscanleadtobackwaterconditionsthatfurtherreducetransport,alterhabitat,contributetoflooding,andpotentiallycausedamagetoin‐streamandcreekorchannelbankstructures.

4.3.2 Sediment Management Goals

ConsistentwiththeMaintenancePrinciplesandFramingConsiderationsdescribedabove,thegoalsofsedimentmanagementfortheSMPareto:

understandthewayeachreachfunctionsasasedimentconduitwithinitsstream,itssubwatershed,anditslandusecontext;

identifyanappropriatemaintenancetargetconditionthatbalancesfloodprotectionneeds,economizesmaintenanceactivities,andavoidsandminimizesenvironmentalimpactsforthatreach;

contributetoimprovementofwaterqualityconditionsthroughnutrientsremoval,invasiveplantsremoval,andhydraulicimprovement;and



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implementtreatmentsthatwillenhancethestream’sfunctiontowardthedesiredconditionwhileminimizingtheneedforrepeatmaintenance.

Targetconditionsforeachreachwillbeidentifiedaccordingtomanagementneeds,reachfunctioning,andotheropportunitiesandconstraints.Thereachanditshoststreamwillbemanagedtomaintainandenhancesedimentconveyance,waterquality,andhabitat.

Sedimentwillbemanagedforthefollowingspecificoutcomes.

ageneralbalancebetweencreekorchannelaggradationandcreekorchannelerosion;

adequatefloodconveyancecapacity;

preservationandenhancementofbeneficialin‐streambedformsandhabitatfeatures(includingLWD)thatsupportin‐channelcomplexity,diversecover,andlocal/microhabitatstotheextentfeasible;and

developmentandpreservationofthedesiredvegetationconditionforthereach.

4.3.3 Sediment Management Triggers

Ingeneral,sedimentmanagementorremovalactivitiesareappropriatewhenanyofthefollowingconditionsapplies.

Thecreekorchannelissystemicallyaggradingsuchthatcreekorchannelcapacityisatrisk.Thedegreetowhichcreekorchannelcapacityhasbeenreducedisdeterminedbasedonvisualassessment(duringdryseasonandwetseasonconditions),crosssectioncomparisonstotheas‐builtchannelcondition(whereappropriate),andanypastrecordoffloodingconditions.

Accumulatedsedimentiscoveringculvertoutfalls,drop‐inletsinV‐ditches,orfillingboxculverts,threateningtocausefloodingorreducetheintegrityandfunctionalityofinfrastructuresuchasbridgesorculvertcrossings.

Sedimentisaccumulatinginawaythatsupportsexcessivevegetationgrowth,threateningcreekorchannelcapacityorcreatingundueroughness.

In‐streamstructuresdesignedtodirectflowsforfloodmanagementarecausingexcessivesedimentdepositionorbedorbankerosion.

In‐streamhardscaperequiressedimentremovaltomaintainas‐builtfunctions.

Theneedforsedimentmanagementactionisunlikelyifnoneofthesetriggerconditionsarepresent.

4.4 Vegetation Management Approach


Fivekeyconsiderationsframethecontextandapproachforvegetationmanagementactivities.

Riparianvegetationprovidesphysicalstabilizationforbankandterracesurfacesthroughthegrowthofrootstructure.Inadditiontothestructuralbenefitsprovidedbyroots,vegetationalsocontributestobankstabilitybyhelpingremoveexcesssoilmoisture,whichcan



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contributetoslumpingandothertypesofbankfailure.Thisrepresentsanimportantnexusbetweenvegetationmanagementandbankstabilizationefforts.

Riparianvegetationbenefitsin‐streamhabitatbyshadingthecreekorchannel,drawingsubsurfacewaterup,loweringwatertemperatures,limitingin‐channelemergentvegetation,andprovidingLWD.Coolerwatertemperaturesarepreferableforcoldwaterspecies.Shadingofthecreekorchannelcanalsohinderthegrowthofin‐streamemergentvegetation,inturnreducingtheneedforfuturein‐streamvegetationmanagement.Riparianvegetationpullssubsurfacemoistureupviathetranspirationalstream,insomecases,keepingwaterinthecreekorchannel.Italsoprovidescover,forage,andbreedinghabitatforavarietyofbirdsandotherwildlifethatusethestreambankarea.

Invasivespeciesmaylimitthesuccessofnative,slowergrowingvegetationandcandegradehabitatqualityovertime.Becausemanyinvasivespecies(bothnativeandnon‐native)growquickly,theyoftenout‐competenon‐invasivenativespecies.Thismayoccurtothepointthatentirecreeksorchannelsarefilledwithfast‐growing,invasivevegetationfurtherdegradinghabitatquality.

Excessivevegetationgrowthcandecreaseacreekorchannel’sfloodconveyancecapacity.Thisoccursinthreeways.First,excessgrowthofin‐streamandbankvegetationcanobstructthecreekorchannelbyreducingitscrosssectionandconveyancecapacityofthefloodwayasawhole.Second,vegetationincreasesbedandbankfrictionorhydraulicroughness,resultinginenergylosses,turbulence,decreasedcapacity,andleadstoanincreasedthreatofflooding.Third,increasesinhydraulicroughnesscanencouragefurthersedimentdepositionasflowvelocitiesslow.

Excessivevegetationgrowthcanincreasefirerisks.ManyoftheSMPAreacreeksandchannelsabutresidentialareas.Excessivevegetationgrowthintheseareasmayprovidetinderforfiresthatputhomesandindividualsatrisk.

Excessivevegetationgrowthcanundermineinfrastructure.Vegetation,particularlytreeswhichmayhavewideordeeprootstructure,mayunderminebridges,culvertsandotherinfrastructureinthecreeksandchannels.Removalofsuchvegetationbeforeitaffectstheintegrityofsuchinfrastructurewillresultinlowerimpacttothestreamsystemthanwouldbeassociatedwithreplacementofinfrastructure.

Establishingadequatefloodprotectionmayrequireaggressivevegetationmanagement.Inareaswherecreeksarecloselyborderedbydevelopedlandusesoragriculture,theincreasedriskoffloodingcreatedbyexcessvegetationgrowthmaybeunacceptable,anditwillbeimportanttoidentifythethresholdatwhichvegetationmustbemanagedineachreachtoprovideadequatefloodprotectionandensurethesafetyofthecommunity.

4.4.2 Vegetation Management Goals

Consistentwiththeframingconsiderationspresentedabove,thegoalsofvegetationmanagementareto:

ensurethatadequatefloodconveyancecapacityismaintained;

ensurethatfireriskisminimized;

ensurethattheintegrityofinfrastructureismaintained;and



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developamatureandcomplexripariancanopyandcorridorthatofferssubstantialhabitat,shadingofthecreek,andaestheticvaluewhileminimizingfutureunderstorymaintenancerequirements.

Inmostcreeksandchannels,meetingthesegoalswillrequireabalancebetweenhabitatandfloodprotectionneeds.Althoughitispossibletoidentifyanidealvegetationconfiguration,itmaynotbepossibletoachievethisconditioninallreachesofallcreeksandchannels.AsdescribedinChapter3,EnvironmentalSetting,arangeofcreekandchannelvegetationconditionsisobservedintheSMPArea.Thevegetationmaintenancetargetforeachreachisinformedbyanunderstandingofwhatpotentialconditionscanbeachieved.Vegetationshouldbemanagedtobringthereachascloseaspossibletoitstargetcondition.Overthelongerterm,managementapproacheswillactivelyexplorewaysofimprovingthetargetconditionofeachreach,andtokeepimprovingalongthevegetationandhabitatspectrum.

Withinthiscontext,vegetationwillbemanagedforthefollowingoutcomesasappropriateforreachspecificconditions:

todevelopriparianwoodland/forestcanopyclosure;

toencouragenativevegetationanddiscouragenon‐nativevegetation,particularlyinvasivespecies;

tocontrolemergentvegetationinthecreekorchannel;

tominimizeflowobstructions(particularlywithrespecttochannelinfrastructuresuchasbridgesorculvertcrossings;and

toimprovebankstability.

4.4.3 Vegetation Management Triggers

Ingeneral,vegetationmanagementisappropriatewhenanyofthefollowingconditionsoccur:

Vegetationgrowthissignificantlydecreasingfloodconveyancecapacity,particularlywhereinfrastructure(e.g.,bridges,culverts,stormdrainoutlets)oradjacentpropertiesareatrisk;

Vegetationgrowthissignificantlyincreasingfirerisk,particularlywhereadjacentpropertiesareatrisk;

Vegetationgrowthisbeginningtoimpairtheintegrityinfrastructure;

Invasivenon‐nativeplantsarereducingthesuccessofnativevegetation;or

Vegetationmanagementoffersgoodopportunitiestoimprovehabitatvalueforfishandwildlife.

Thedecisiontoremove,thin,orpreserveindividualtreeswillbemadeinthefieldbySMPfieldstafffamiliarwithregionalandwetlandecology.Considerationforindividualtreeremovalorthinningwillbebasedonseveralfactorsincluding:

Whatisthedegreeofblockageacrossthecreekorchannelandwhereisthetreelocatedinthecreekorchannel?

Whatisthetypeandageofthetree?Aretherealotofthesetreesalreadyinthecreekorchannelreach?Aretherebettertreestopreserve?



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Cantheindividualtreebeprunedorthinned(beforeconsiderationofremoval)toprovidethenecessaryconveyancecapacity?

Doesthetreeunderconsiderationprovideshadeorotherhabitatbenefits?

Doesthetreeunderquestionprovidelonger‐termcanopydevelopmentorripariancorridorbenefits?

Doesthetreeorothervegetationunderquestionposeariskforcatchingonfire?

Isthetreeunderquestionbeginningtothreatentheintegrityofinfrastructure?

Therationaletoeitherthin,prune,orremovetreeswillbebasedonaddressingthesequestionsabove.AnsweringthesequestionsrequirestheoversightandguidanceofabiologistorarboristthatisfamiliarwiththeSMPArea’svegetationandknowledgeableofcreekandchannelbotanicalconditions.

4.5 Bank Stabilization Approach


Thefollowingfiveconsiderationsframethecontextandneedforbankstabilizationactivities.

Bankfailureisanaturaloccurrence.Creeksandchannelsaredynamicenvironmentswherebyexistingstreambanksfailandcollapseandnewbanksareformedthrougherosionalanddepositionalprocesses.However,whilebankfailurehappensquickly,streambankformationtakesalongtime.

Humanchangestothelandscapeaffectsfloodplainfunctioning.Undernaturalconditions,astream’sactivechannelorchannelsmigratelaterallyacrossthefloodplainthroughaprocessoferosionandbankfailure,througherosionalavulsionandovertopping,orsomecombinationofthetwo.Humaninterventionhashistoricallyattemptedtocontrolandconstrainthesometimeserraticandunpredictablenatureofstreams.Theseattemptshavebeenlargelyeffective,butstreamsmaycontinuetobehaveopportunistically,overtoppingtheirbanksandonceagainmovingacrossthefloodplain.Attimes,humaninterventionhasbeenatthecostofpropergeomorphicfunctionandriparianhabitatvalue.

Destabilizedbanksmayrestabilizenaturallyovertime,butthisisgenerallynotfeasibleinurbanizedareas.Thenaturalgeomorphicrecoveryoferodedbankstoreconstitutedbankscanoccurthroughnaturalprocessesofvegetationrecruitmentandin‐fillingofsediment,butthiscantakeseveraldecadestooccur(WolmanandGerson1978).Thefloodprotection,landuse,infrastructure,andwaterqualityconcernsintheSMPArearequiremoreimmediatecorrectiveactionsonfailingstreambanks.Ifbankfailuresoccurinareaswithhomesorotherinfrastructureadjacenttothecreekorchannel,thispresentsarisk.Inaddition,erodingsedimentfromfailingbanksleadstoincreasedsedimentloadingdownstream.

Equilibriumcanberestoredoradjustedthroughintervention.Undernaturalconditions,astream’sinvertelevation,gradient,andshapeself‐adjusttobalancedischargeandsedimentloading.Thisbalanceisdynamic,andtotheextentthatitisalteredbyhumanactivities(includinglandusesinupperwatershedandfloodplainareas)interventionmaybeneededtorestorebalance,orguideastream’sresponsetodisturbance.



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CityofLivermorecreekandchannelstreambanksaremostlyearthen.MostofthestreambanksintheSMPAreaareearthenandnothardened.Thisisadifferentconditionthanmoreurbanregionswherefloodcontrolchannelswilltypicallybehardened.WhileseverallocationsintheSMPAreadohaverip‐rapbanksorconcrete,thesetypicallyoccuratcrossingsorotherstructures.ThepresenceofmostlyearthenbanksprovidestheSMPwithgreatermanagementandresourceenhancementflexibility;thoughitdoesalsoincreasethepotentialforbankinstability,slumping,orerosion.

4.5.2 Bank Stabilization Goals

Consistentwiththeinformedmanagementapproachdescribedabove,thegoalofbankstabilizationprojectsistoidentifythecauseorcausesofinstabilityintheaffectedreach,andimplementthemostappropriatesolutionbasedonthatunderstanding.Ingeneral,bankprotectionwillbedesignedtoachieveoneormoreofthefollowingrelatedoutcomes.

Increasedcreekorchanneland/orbankstability.

Decreasedneedforrepeatmaintenanceofbanks.

Reducedloadingoferodedsedimentintothecreekorchannelandtodownstreamreaches;reducedneedforsedimentmanagement.

Improvedsupportforvegetation,facilitatingincreasedhabitatvalue.

Notethatbecauseimprovedbankstabilityreducessedimentinputintothecreekorchannelandsupportsdevelopmentofmatureriparianvegetation,bankstabilizationcanbeusedasacoordinatedtreatmentwithsedimentandvegetationactivities.Inthisway,bankstabilizationactivitiescanprovideseveralbenefitstotheoverallhealthandfunctionofthecreekorchannel.

4.5.3 Bank Stabilization Triggers

Ingeneral,bankstabilizationislikelytobeneededinreacheswhereoneormoreofthefollowingconditionsapply:

Bankfailurehasoccurredandthebankmustberepairedtore‐establishthebanksofafloodcontrolchannel,preserveriparianvegetation,preventadditionalsedimentinputtothecreekorchannel,and/orprotectthecreekorchannel’sfloodconveyancecapacity.

Chronicbankerosionisoccurring,leadingtoexcesssedimentloadingand/ordamagetoriparianvegetation.

Bankerosionorfailureposesathreattoexistinginfrastructureoradjacentlanduses.

4.6 Sediment Reuse and Disposal Approach ThoughsedimentreuseanddisposalisnotoneofthethreecoreactivitiesoftheSMP,itisanintegralcomponentofthemaintenanceprogram.Sedimentremovalactivitiesdescribedabove(andinChapter5)willgenerateuptoapproximately2,000cubicyardsofsedimentperyear.Themajorityofthismaterialwillbesedimentbutplantdebrismaybeincluded.AsmallportionofthesedimentcanbereusedonsitetosupportrestorationactivitiesormaybeusedforotherCityactivities,butthemajoritywillrequireoffsitedisposal.Thissectiondescribestheplanningapproach



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forsedimentreuseanddisposalaspartofSMPmaintenanceactivities.Sedimentdisposalactivitieswilloccurannuallytogetherwiththecoreprogramactivities.Sedimentdisposalplanningalsoincludesalonger‐termconsiderationofsedimentdisposalneedsasdescribedbelow.

4.6.1 Sediment Disposal Goals

Federalandstateregulationsgoverndisposalofdebristoland.TheCitymustcomplywiththeseregulations,aswellasensuredisposalactivitiesdonotharmpeopleorwildlife.Thus,toensurepropermanagementofSMPmaintenanceactivitiesandcompliancewithallappropriateregulationsfordisposalofsediment,theprogramhasthefollowingsedimentdisposalgoals:

Protectthesafetyofworkers,thepublic,andtheenvironmentfrompotentiallyharmfuldebris;

Beneficiallyreuseasmuchsedimentaspossiblefrommaintenanceactivities;

Donotusesedimenttofillcreeks,lakes,orwetlandhabitat,exceptaspartofpreviouslypermittedprojectsthatareseekinggoodqualityfillmaterial;

Containdisposalsitestopreventthemigrationofsedimenttonearbywaterbodies;

Complywithhumanhealthandenvironmentalprotectionstandards,asestablishedbyfederalandstateagencies,forallsedimentdisposalactivities;and

Protectandensurethatfragmentsofregenerativemattercannotre‐enterlocalcreeksandchannels(e.g.,invasivespeciessuchasTamarix).

Tomeetthesegoals,theCitywillconductannualplanningforsedimentdisposal,asdescribedbelow.

4.6.2 Annual Disposal Planning

SedimentdisposalplanningwillbecoordinatedandintegratedwiththeannualSMPworkcycle(asdescribedinChapter8).Theannualsedimentdisposalplanningprocessincludesthefollowingkeysteps:

Step 1: Identify the Need, Location, and Volume of Sediment Removal

Thefirststepinannualsedimentdisposalplanningistodeterminethedisposalneedsfortheidentifiedmaintenanceworksites.Aspartofthemaintenanceprojectdesignprocess(seeChapter8),specificlocationsandquantitiesofsedimentwillbeidentified.Surveyedcrosssectionsmayassistincalculatinglocationsandquantitiesofsedimenttoberemoved.

Oncethevolumeandlocationsofthesedimenttoberemovedareknown,reuseordisposaloptionscanbeevaluated.Followingthedisposalgoalspresentedabove,alleffortswillbemadetoreusesedimenton‐site.However,itislikelythatoff‐sitedisposalwillbenecessary.

Step 2: Identify Sediment Disposal Options

Sedimentdisposaloptionsaregroupedintosevencategoriesbasedonpotentialreuseordisposalopportunities.Theseincludeon‐sitereuse,otherCitycreekorchannelreuse,otherwetlandsupportingreuse,uplandagriculturalorcommercialreuse(dry),uplandagriculturalorcommercialreuse(wet),landfilldisposal,andhazardouswastedisposaloptions.Thesedisposaloptionsare



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listedbelowinpreferentialorderaccordingtohowwelltheoptionssupportprogramobjectivesforsustainabilityandavoidanceofenvironmentalimpacts.

Option1:Onsitereuse.Thisincludesreusingthesedimenton‐site(i.e.,attheprojectsite)withinthecreekorchannelforvariousfillorrestorationpurposes.Forexample,sedimentexcavatedfromthecreekorchannelbottomcouldbeplacedadjacenttotheactivechannel(remainingwithintheeasementarea),toenhancesoil,vegetation,andriparianhabitatconditions.Sedimentcouldalsobeusedon‐siteforbankstabilizationpurposes.

Option2:OtherCitysitereuse.SimilartoOption1,thisincludesreusingthesedimentwithinotherCityownedormanagedcreeksorchannels,forfillorrestorationpurposes.ThekeydifferenceisthatOption2wouldoccuratadifferentcreekorchannelwithintheSMPArea,butinasimilarsettingtowherethesedimentwasoriginallyremoved.

Option3:Wetlandorfloodplainrestorationorenhancement.Option3consistsofbeneficialreuseofthesedimentoutsideoroff‐siteofCitycreeksorchannels,butinawetlandorfloodplainsettingtosupportecologicfunctioningandhabitat.

Option4:Uplandagriculturalorcommercialreuse(dry).Sedimentwouldbereusedforuplandagriculturalorcommercialreusesthataredry,wherebythesedimentwouldnotbesecondarilyerodedtocreeksorchannelsorwaterbodies.

Option5:Uplandagriculturalorcommercialreuse(wet).Underthisoption,sedimentwouldbeusedasfillinanalreadyapprovedandpermittedwetlandproject.Thisisaspecificcasewhereanapprovedandpermittedprojectrequirestheuseofsedimenttofillawetland.Itisimportanttonotethatthissedimentdisposalplaninnowayencouragesorsanctionsthefillingofexistingwetlands.However,forprojectsthatarealreadyapprovedandpermitted,itmaybepreferabletousesedimentmaterialsthatsharesimilarwetlandproperties.Inthisway,usinggoodqualityexcavatedcreekorchannelsedimentforreuseinawetlandsettingmaybepreferableoradvantageoustousingotherfillmaterialorsoils.

Option6:Landfilldisposal.Inthisoptionthesedimentwouldbedisposedatanapprovedandoperatinglandfillforuseasdailycovermaterialforlandfilloperations.LocationscouldincludeRaymondRoad,Altamont,orVascolandfills.

Option7:Hazardouswastedisposal.Thisoptioninvolvesthedisposalofsedimentscontaininghazardouslevelsofcontaminants.Hazardouswastewillbedisposedatappropriatehazardouswastefacilities.ThenearesthazardouswastelandfillislocatedinKettlemanCity,California.

Thesesevenoptionswillbepursuedindecreasingpreference.Multipleoptionscanbeselectedinagivenmaintenanceseasonforsedimentdisposal.Itisanticipatedthatoff‐sitedisposal(Options3,4,5,6,and7)willberequiredforthemajorityofmaintenanceactivities.Option7wouldonlybeusedifthesedimentisdeemedhazardous.Thespecificdisposalsitesfortheoptionsselectedwillbeidentifiedaspartofannualsedimentplanning.

Aresourceassessmentwillbenecessaryformostpotentialdisposalsites,thoughnotnecessaryforthelandfillandhazardouswasteoptions.Aresourceassessmentandscreeningwillincludedelineatingwetlandsatthedisposalsite,evaluatingsitehabitatsforsuitabilityandpresenceofsensitivespecies,andreviewingthesite’sculturalandhistoricresources.Othernaturalresourcesthatmayinfluencethesite’ssuitabilitytoreceivesedimentwillalsobeevaluated.Similarly,the



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assessmentofsiteresourceswillguideandscreentheselectionofthemostsuitabledisposalmethods.

ThefollowingcriteriaweredevelopedspecificallyfortheSMPtoguidesedimentdisposalactivities:

Disposalofsedimentcannotconflictwithpreviouslyplannedlanduses,asidentifiedincity/countygeneralplansormoresite‐specificplans.

Allrequiredpermitsandapprovalswillbeobtainedpriortotheonsetofdisposalactivities.

Biologicalandculturalsurveyswillbeconductedateachsitetodeterminethepotentialforimpactsonsensitiveresources.Ifsensitiveresourceshavethepotentialtooccuronsite,thesitewillnotbeselectedfordisposalunlessmeasurescanbeimplementedtoavoidandprotecttheresources.

SedimentdisposalwillnotresultinfillofwetlandsorwatersoftheU.S.orstate(unlesspreviouslypermitted).

BasedoncompliancewithCaliforniaCodeofRegulations(CCR)Title22criteria,nosedimentidentifiedashazardousordesignatedwastewillbeplacedatthesite.

ThisresourceassessmentinformationwillbeprovidedintheannualSMPnotificationandreportingprocessdescribedinChapter9toverifythatthesitesareacceptable.ThesecriteriawillbeusedtoinformSteps3and4below,developStep5,andverifyStep6aswell.

Step 3: Characterize Physical and Chemical Properties of Sediment

Oncethesedimentremovalsitesanddisposaloptionsareidentified,thecharacteristicsofthesedimentwillbeevaluatedtodeterminethemostappropriatedisposallocations.

Identificationofthephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofthesedimentisalsonecessarytocomplywithfederalandstateregulationsfordisposal.

Sedimentcharacteristicscanvaryaccordingtositeconditions.Sedimentremovednearastormdrainoutfallmaycontainhigherconcentrationsofurbancontaminants,suchaspetroleumresidue,comparedtosedimentremovedfromanupslopeareaaspartofbankstabilizationactivities.Urbancontaminantshavethetendencytoadheretofine(siltandclay)sedimentswhichsettletothecreekorchannelbottom,asopposedtocoarser(sandandgravel)sedimentslocatedonthecreekorchannelbanks.Additionally,largequantitiesoforganicmattermingledwithfinesedimentsencourageabsorptionofurbancontaminants.Thus,whensedimentisremovedfromthecreekorchannelbottomaspartofcreekorchannelmaintenanceactivities,theremovedsedimentmaycontainhigherconcentrationsofpollutantsthanthosefoundinsedimentremovedaspartofbankstabilizationactivities.Also,thetextureorsizeofbedsedimentsdecreasesfromcoarsesandandgraveltofinesiltsandclaymovingfromupstreamtodownstream,sofinesedimentremovedfromareaslowerinawatershedmaycontainhigherconcentrationsofpollutantsthanthosefoundinsedimentremovedfromareashigherinthewatershed.Therefore,everyattemptwillbemadetocollectrepresentativesamplesateachprojectsite.

Thenumberofsamplescollectedandsamplinglocationswillbedetermineddependingontheprojecttypeandvolumeofsedimenttoberemoved.Aminimumoffoursedimentsampleswillbecollectedatsiteswherelessthan20,000cubicyardsareremoved.However,ifmorethan20,000cubicyardsofsedimentwillberemovedfromasinglereach,theSanFranciscoBayRWQCB



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BeneficialReuseGuidelines(SanFranciscoRegionalWaterQualityControlBoard2000)willbefollowedtodeterminethepropersamplingplan.

Forallprojects,anyobservedcontaminationasevidencedbychemical‐likeodors,oilysheens,orirregularlycoloredsedimentwillbeimmediatelyreportedtothelocalfiredepartment’shazardousmaterialsteamandtheappropriateSanFranciscoBayRWQCBstaffpersonintheCleanupsandInvestigationsUnit.Inaddition,ifresultsarefoundtoexceedselectedwaterqualitycriteria,theCitywillcoordinatewiththeSanFranciscoBayRWQCBtodevelopacontingencysamplingplan.Inthisevent,additionalsampleswillbetakentodeterminetheextentofcontaminationandpinpointpotentialcontaminationsources.Allsampleswillbeanalyzedfortotalmetalsandothercontaminants,asrequiredbytheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB.

ThesedimentmustmeettheSedimentManagementProvisionsasrequiredbypermitsissuedbytheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB.Forreuseinwetlandenhancementprojectsincontactwithsurfacewaters,suchascreeks,wetlands,andlakes,thesedimentmustmeetSanFranciscoBayRWQCBBeneficialReuseGuidelinesandBasinPlanwaterqualityobjectives.SedimentmustmeetEPARegionalScreeningLevelsforchemicalcontaminantsforreuseatuplandagriculturalorcommercialsites.Inordertobedisposedaslandfillcover,thesedimentmustmeetlandfillacceptancerequirementsoftheparticipatinglandfill.Lastly,iftestingresultsindicatethatthesedimentishazardoussuchthatthesedimentwouldnotbeacceptedatthepreferreddisposallocation,itwillbedisposedatthenearesthazardouswastefacility.

Step 4: Identify the Appropriate BMPs to Avoid or Reduce Impacts Generated by Sediment Loading, Transport, and Disposal Activities

AllBMPsimplementedforthemaintenanceactivities,asdescribedinChapter7,Table7‐1,willbeappliedtoactivitiesassociatedwithloading,transport,anddisposalofsediment.Basedontheamountofsedimentrequiringoff‐sitedisposal,anestimateofthenumberoftrucksrequiredfortransporttothedisposallocationwillbeidentified,aswellasthehaulingroutes.

Step 5: Notification

ConsistentwiththeannualnotificationprocessfortheSMP(Chapter9)theCitywillalsonotifytheappropriateregulatoryagenciespermittingtheSMPonthestatusofannualsedimentdisposalneeds(followingtheplanningprocessoutlinedabove)andtheintendeddisposalsiteoptions.Sedimenttestingresultswillbeprovidedtotheagenciesalongwiththenotificationpackage.

Step 6: Reporting

ConsistentwiththeannualreportingrequirementsoftheSMPdescribedinChapter9,adescriptionoftheconductedsedimentdisposalactivitiesandrelevantinformationonsedimentqualityandtesting(asnecessary)willbeincludedintheannualSMPsummaryreport.


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Chapter 5 Maintenance Activity Descriptions

5.1 Introduction ThischapteridentifiesanddescribestheactivitiesoftheSMP.Theprimaryprogramactionsincludesedimentmanagement,vegetationmanagement,andbankstabilization.TheseprimaryactivitiesaredescribedbelowinSections5.2,5.3,5.4,and5.5respectively.DescriptionsforthesethreecoreactivitiesarefocusedonmaintenanceofcreeksandchannelswiththeSMPArea.Thischapterdescribesotherprogramactivitiesaswell(Section5.6and5.7),includingbridgemaintenance,trashanddebrisremoval,andaccessandtrailmaintenance.

TheimplementationofmaintenanceactivitieswillbeguidedbytheMaintenancePrinciplesdescribedinChapter4,wherebyin‐channelworkwillnotoccurunlesstheconveyancecapacityisconsideredreducedbelowdesigncapacitysuchthatafloodhazardexists.Theactivitiesdescribedinthischapterwillalsoincorporatetheprogram‐wideimpactavoidanceandminimizationapproachesandactivity‐specificBMPsdiscussedinChapter7,ImpactReductionandMinimizationMeasures,andidentifiedinTables7‐1and7‐2.

5.2 Timing of Work Sedimentmanagement,vegetationmanagement,andbankstabilizationcanbeclassifiedeitherascausinggrounddisturbanceornot.InTable7‐1,BMPGEN‐1WorkWindowdescribestheannualtimingofmaintenanceworkaccordingtothestatusofthemaintenanceprojectaseithercausingornotcausinggrounddisturbance.Allground‐disturbingmaintenanceactivitiesoccurringinthecreekorchannel(e.g.,sedimentremoval,bankstabilization)willtakeplaceduringthelow‐flowperiod,betweenMay1andOctober31.Exceptionsmaybemadeforemergenciesoronaproject‐by‐projectbasiswithadvanceapprovaloftheUSACE,SanFranciscoBayRWQCB,CDFW,and/orUSFWSasappropriate.Ground‐disturbingactivitieswillonlybeconductedduringperiodsofdryweather.Inthefallseason,oncethefirstsignificantrainfalloccurs,allin‐channelequipmentand/ordiversionstructuresshallberemoved.Exposedsoilsinuplandcreekorchannelareaswillbestabilizedviahydroseedingorwitherosioncontrolfabric/blankets.Significantrainfallisdefinedas0.5inchofrainina24‐hourperiod.Nonground‐disturbingworkontheupperbanksofcreeksorchannels(e.g.,vegetationremoval,road,andv‐ditchmaintenance)maybeconductedyearround.Nonground‐disturbingwork(vegetationthinning/pruning)maybeconductedinthecreekorchannelzonebeyondtheprimarymaintenanceworkwindowofMay1toOctober31,ifthecreekorchannelisdry(andwithnotificationandapprovalbytheregulatoryagencies).

5.3 Sediment Management Sedimentmanagementreferstotheremovalofexcesssedimentfromconstructedfloodprotectionfacilitiessuchasculvertsandstormdrainoutlets.Sedimentremovalwilloccuratindividualcrossings,culverts,outlets,otherin‐channelfacilities,orotherindividualreacheswheresediment

City of Livermore Maintenance Activity Descriptions


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accumulationisdeterminedtobeaconcern.AllcreekandchannelsedimentremovalactivitieswillfollowtheimpactavoidanceandminimizationapproachandprinciplesdescribedinChapter4andwillincorporatethebestmanagementpracticesdescribedinChapter7andpresentedinTable7‐1.

TheSMPprimarilyinvolvessedimentremovaltomaintainstormflowconveyancefromadjacentstreetsintothecreekandchannelsystem.Therearecurrently149stormdrainoutletsand50roadandbridgecrossingsincreeksandchannelswithintheSMPAreathatrequireroutinemaintenanceforfloodprotection.Insomeinstances,suchasthestretchofArroyoLasPositasaboveitsconfluencewithAltamontCreek,theSMPalsoincludesreestablishmentofchannelcapacitythroughsedimentandvegetationremovalfocusedonmaintaininganopenlowflowstreamwithinthewiderchannelfloodzone.OneoftheobjectivesoftheCityGeneralPlanistomaintainthecreeksinasnaturalstateaspossiblewhilemaintainingthehealthandsafetyofthecommunity.Everycreekreachwillbeevaluatedforopportunitiestoprovideforhabitatrestorationbenefits.

Thenumberofoutletandculvertlocationsidentifiedforsedimentremovalandthequantityofsedimentremovedinagivenyearwilldependonthefrequencyandextentofpastmaintenanceactivities,andtheweatherandhydrologicconditionsduringrecentyears.Sedimentremovalrequirementsaregenerallygreaterfollowingawetwinterwithhigherthanusualrunoff,slopeerosion,andsedimentdeliverycomparedtoanaverageordrywinterwhensedimentyieldsareless.

TheCityanticipatesthatonaverage,theSMPwillinvolveremovingbetween1,000and2,000cubicyardsofsedimentperyear,notincludingtheHolmesStreetbridgesitewhichaveragescloserto20,000cubicyardsofgravelperyear.

Thefollowingsectionsfurtherdescribetheprogram’ssedimentremovalapproach.

5.3.1 Sediment Sources

ThreeprimarymechanismsareobservedtoexplainabundantsedimentationincertainSMPAreareaches.Theseprimarymechanismsarewatershedsedimentsources,creekorchannelgeometry,andflowconditions(hydrologyandhydraulics).

Ingeneral,sedimentisdeliveredtoareachastransportedmaterialfromupstreamareas.Thissourcematerialmaybederivedfromuplandareas(includinglandslides,gullies,orsheetwasherosion)ormaybeerodeddirectlyfromthecreekorchannelbedorbanksupstream.Upstreamsedimentsaretransporteddownstreamthroughthedrainagenetworkofjoiningtributaries.

Intermsofcreekorchannelgeometrycomponents,gradient,creekorchannelwidth,anddepthofflowarethekeycausalfactors.Alowgradientstreammayfavorsedimenttofalloutofsuspensionorresultinbedloadtransport.Awidecreekorchannelcross‐sectionmaycausethedispersionofflowsandreducedflowvelocitiesresultinginnetdepositionandbedaggradation.Thelackofadefinedchannelthatcancontainsmallandmediumsizedflows(approximatelylessthanthe2‐yearreturninterval)withinthebroadercross‐sectioncanalsobeacauseforsedimentation.Insuchcases,shallowdiffuseflowsarenotadequatetotransportsedimentdownstream.Thisresultsindepositionandaggradationacrosstheentirewidthofthecreekorchannelbed.Thepotentialuseoftwo‐stagedlow‐flowchannelstoimprovefinesedimenttransportandreducedepositionisdescribedinSection5.3.2.4,CreationofTwoStageLowFlowinaCreekorChannel.

Hydrologicprocessesincludingintensityanddurationofprecipitation,infiltration,runoff,shallowthroughflow,andrechargedeterminethewaterbalanceofthewatershedandhowmuchflowis



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carriedinthecreekandchannelsystem.Suchhydrologicprocessesdeterminethemagnitude,duration,andfrequencyofflowsarrivingtoareach.Thein‐channelhydraulicconditionswilldeterminewhethersedimentwillbedepositedinagivenreach,beerodedfromthereach,orbetransportedthroughthereach.Sedimenttransportprocessesarecomplexandacombinationofanyorallthreeoftheseprocessescouldoccurinagivenreach.

ItshouldbenotedthatpriortoEuropeansettlementtheTri‐Valleyfloorwasadepositionalarea,andtherewereprobablyfewifanychannelsthattraversedtheTri‐Valleyfloor.FlowsfromthehillscollectedinthelargeTuleLakeinthevalley.SeparatechannelsonthewesternsideofthevalleyconveyedhighflowsfromTuleLaketothelowerAlamedaCreekwatershed.Becauseofthis,theregiondoesnotcontaingradientsthataresufficienttoconveyallsedimentthroughthevalleyfloor,andsomelevelofanthropogenicsedimentremovalwillalwaysbenecessarytomaintainfloodflowcapacityintheSMPAreachannels.Thefrequencyofsedimentremovalandthevolumeofsedimentthatmustberemovedcanbereducedbyincorporatinglowflowchannelsintothelargerchannels.Butsomelevelofsedimentremovalwillalwaysbenecessary.

5.3.2 Sediment Removal Areas

Sedimentremovalareaswillbetargetedatappropriatelocations.Typicallythiswillbelimitedtoamaximum15‐footradiusatspecificstormdrainoutletlocations,andmayoccasionallynecessitatethecreationofalowflowchannel(upwardsof50feetinlengthby3feetwide)toconveystormdrainflowsintoestablishedlow‐flowchannels.Sedimentremovalalsomightinvolvematerialremovalfroma200‐footsectionofcreekorchannelimmediatelyupstreamordownstreamofasitewheresedimentisknowntocollect,suchasabridgeorculvert(e.g.,theHolmesStreetculvertcrossing).Theprincipalobjectiveofsedimentremovalistoensureadequatefloodconveyancebyremovingaccumulatedsedimentanddebrisfrominsideculverts,underneathbridges,andatoutletstructures.Culvertedcrossingsoftenaccumulatesedimentanddebriseitherduetotheirdesignconditions(sizeandslope)orduetodebrisorvegetationobstructionswhichcausesecondarysedimentation.

Thoughtypicallyoccurringatculvertorbridgecrossings,localizedsedimentremovalactivitiescanalsooccuratspecificfocuspointsatamid‐reachlocation.Whenrequired,thecreekorchannelwillbeexcavatedtonearas‐builtconditionslocallywithinthecreekorchannelfootprint;however,theareaofdisturbancewillbelimitedsuchthathabitatcontinuityismaintainedforfocalspecies.Asanexample,sedimentremovalcouldbelimitedtonomorethanonehalfthewidthofthecreekorchannelinanygivenyearinordertoprovideforongoingforageandcoverhabitatforfocalspecies.Thisexcavatedzonewillcapturefuturedepositedsedimentandcontinuetoprovideeasyaccessforremoval.Inotherlocations,sedimentremovalmaybefocusedincriticalareas,suchasaroundstormdrainoutlets,insteadofanentirereach.

Sedimentremovalprojectswilltypicallyinvolvethefollowingactivities:

removalofaccumulatedsedimentfromboxculverts,corrugatedmetalpipes(CMP),stormdrainoutlets,andareasimmediatelyupstreamanddownstreamoftheculvertsorbridgecrossings(typically100–200linearfeetand500–1,000cubicyardsofsedimentremovalpercrossing);

installationoftemporaryaccessrampsifneededtoenterthesedimentremovalsite;

dewateringifnecessary;

selectiveremovalorthinningofvegetationatsedimentremovallocations;



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placementofweedbarrierfabricandriprapatstormdrainoutletsfollowingsedimentremoval;and

flushingofstormdrainoutlets,asnecessary,backtotheneareststreetmanholeusingdechlorinatedwater.

MostoftheculvertcrossingsthattheCitymaintainsareconcreteboxculverts.Culvertsgreaterthan36inchesindiametertendtorequireuseofanexcavatorfromtheroadcrossingaboveordirectlyinsidetheculvertifspaceallows.LargeboxculvertswithcementbottomsandenoughspaceforapersontoentermaybeclearedwithasmallBobcat®,skidsteer,orwalk‐behindpower‐shovel.Avacuumtruckcanalsobeusedtoremovesedimentfromculverts.

Sedimentremovalfromculvertcrossingswillalsooftenincludetheremovalofsedimentandtheclearingofdebrisbothimmediatelyupstreamanddownstreamoftheculvert.Asdescribedabove,adesignatedin‐channelsedimentremovalareaimmediatelyupstreamordownstreamoftheculvertprovidesmaintenanceandenvironmentalbenefits.Thisisparticularlyadvantageousatcrossingsbecauseaccessfromaroadwayaboveisavailable.

Usingsuchin‐channeltargetedcollectionareasnearcrossingscanreducetheneedforadditionalin‐channeldisturbancefurtherupstreamordownstreamofthecrossing.

Astormdrainoutletblockedwithsedimentorvegetationwillnotdrainproperly.Removingsedimentfromasmallculvertoutletmayrequiresimilartechniquesasdescribedaboveforculvertcrossings,butmayalsosimplyrequirediggingouttheculvertoutletbyhand.Followingtheremovalofsedimentandvegetation,itmaybenecessarytoflushthestormdrainoutletbackintothestormdrainpipeandremovethisdebriswateratthenearestupstreammanholeusingavactortruck.WaterusedforthisactivitywillbedechlorinatedbeforehandpertheBMPinTable7‐1.Asafinalstep,weedbarrierfabricandriprapwillbeplacedwithinthesediment/vegetationremovalzoneinanefforttominimizethefrequencyoffuturemaintenanceimpacts.

5.3.2.1 Mechanized Sediment Removal

Aggradedsedimentisremovedwithalong‐reachexcavator,bulldozer,scraper,orfrontloader.Whenusingalong‐reachexcavator,sedimentisexcavatedfromthecreekorchannelbed,collected,andremovedwiththeexcavatorusuallypositionedonthemaintenanceroadslocatedalongthetop‐of‐bank.Ifthecreekorchannelshapeorthepresenceoflargematurevegetationalongthecreekorchannelbankspreventsworkingfromthetop‐of‐bank,thentheexcavatormaybepositionedloweronthecreekorchannelbanksusinganaccessramp.Useofaccessrampsaredescribedbelow.Whenworkingneartheupstreamordownstreamlimitofareachtheexcavatormaybepositionedonthestreamroadcrossingorculvert.

Onceexcavated,sedimentiseitherplaceddirectlyintodumptrucksparkedontheaccessroadorstockpiledintocentrallocationsalongthecreekorchanneltodrain,afterwhichitissubsequentlyliftedtotheadjacentdumptrucks.

BMPsandavoidanceandminimizationmeasureswillbeappliedtosedimentremovalactivitiesbasedonequipmentused,siteconditions,andaccesstothesite.Ifequipmentisoperatedinsuchawaythatloosesedimentmaypossiblyentertheactivechannel,erosioncontrolfabricwillbeinstalledatthetoe‐of‐slopeoralongtheedgeoftheactivechanneltoavoiddeliveryofanydislodgedsedimentintothecreekorchanneland/orlow‐flowchannel.Ifequipmentisusedwithinthecreekorchannel,orifactivitiesconductedfromtop‐of‐bankmayaffecttheactivechannel,theworkarea



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willbeisolatedfromflowingstreamsegmentsusingsiltfences,wattles,and/orcofferdams(seeSection5.3.2.5,Dewatering,belowformoredetails).

AdditionalBMPsareidentifiedinTable7‐1andwillbeappliedasappropriatetoallsedimentremovalprojects.

5.3.2.2 Creek and Channel Access and Staging

Accesstotheprojectsiteandstagingofequipmentandvehicleswilltakeplaceonexistingaccessroadsadjacenttothecreekorchannel.Theengineeredchannelshaveatleastoneaccessroadrunningalongthetop‐of‐bankononesideofthechannel.Moreoftenchannelshaveanaccessroadoneithersideofthechannel.

Whennecessary,sedimentremovalactivitiescanbeconductedfromwithinthecreekorchannelbed.Thisapproachisfavoredwheretop‐of‐bankorside‐bankaccessisunavailable,orwouldrequireunnecessarydamagetotreesalongtheripariancorridor.In‐channelsedimentremovalactivitieswouldoccurunderdrycreekorchannelconditionswhenpossible.Ifsedimentremovalactivitiesarerequiredinaflowingstream,dewateringactionsasdescribedinSection5.3.2.5wouldbeimplemented.Scrapers,skidloaders,bulldozers,andsmallerBobcat®typeloadersareusedwhenworkingdirectlyinthecreekorchannelbed.

Accessramplocationsareselectedtominimizeimpactstovegetation,whileprovidingefficient,safeequipmentaccesstotheworkarea.Ifused,accessrampswillberegradedandreplantedfollowingthesedimentremovalactivities.Therampswillbeseededwithnativegrassesanderosioncontrolfabricwillbeinstalled.Inthisway,accessrampscanprovidehabitatvalueonaninterimbasisbetweenmaintenanceevents.Accessrampswillbemaintainedfreeoftreessuchthatfutureaccesstothechannelcanbegainedthroughthesameroutewithoutadditionallossoftrees.

Allremovedsediment,whetherworkingfromtop‐of‐bank,orin‐channelwillbedriedonsiteasnecessaryandplacedin10‐or20‐cubic‐yarddumptruckslocatedontheaccessroadorwithinthestagingarea.Asappropriate,exposedsoilonstreambanksthatremainsaftersedimentremovalactivitieswilleitherbeseededwithgrassandcoveredwitherosioncontrolfabricorplantedaccordingtotheon‐siterestorationplantingdesignsdescribedinChapter8,ProgramMitigation.

5.3.2.3 Vegetation Thinning or Removal

Sedimentremovalprojectsoftenrequiresomedegreeofvegetationremovalorthinninginordertoaccessaprojectsiteorbeginconductingworkonthecreekorchannelbedorbanksurface.Cattails,willows,Himalayanblackberry,palmtrees,andvariousnon‐nativegrassesaretheplantsmosttypicallythinnedorremoved.

Wheneverpossible,accesspointswillbesitedtoavoidtreesandshrubsandwilltakeplaceinlocationswherevegetativecoverisminimal.Ifvegetationmustberemovedtoprovideshort‐termequipmentaccess,removalofnon‐nativespeciesorlessdesirablespecieswillbeprioritized.Othervegetationcharacteristicssuchasage/sizeoftree,localvegetationdiversity,andifthevegetationisprovidingaparticularhabitatvaluewillalsobetakenintoconsiderationwhenprioritizingremovalofvegetationforcreekorchannelaccess.Inareaswhereroutineorrepeatedsedimentremovalisneeded(onceeverythreeyearsormoreoften),anaccessroutetothecreekorchannelwillbemaintainedfreeofwoodytreesandshrubs.Theseaccesspointswillbestabilizedwithnativegrassesandfabric.Toreduceeffectsonhabitatquality,thewidthoftheaccesspointshouldbethe



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minimumneededtoprovidesafeaccessforequipment.PleaseseeSection5.4foradditionaldiscussionregardingtreeremoval.

Forin‐channelvegetationremovalpriortoconductingsedimentremovalactivities,aneffortwillbetakentomaintainandnotremovevegetationthatprovidescreekandchannelstability,anchorsin‐channelbars,orprovideshabitatbenefitsthroughthepresenceofLWD.Vegetationlocatedonin‐channelbarsisparticularlyimportantatthebar’sdownstreamtip(head)and/oralongthebar’speriphery.Allowingthisvegetationtoremainalsoprovidesshadingbenefitstotheadjacentlow‐flowchannel.Similarly,thepresenceofLWDwillbeevaluatedfortheopportunitytoleavesuchmaterialinplace.KeydeterminantsincludewhethertheLWDisdeflectingflowtowardbanksandtheproximitytoacreekorchannelcrossingorotherfacility.WhilethehabitatbenefitsofLWDaregenerallydesirableintheSMPArea,thesebenefitswillbeevaluatedinbalanceofthepotentialfloodingorerosioneffects,orthreatstoinfrastructuredownstreamduetothepresenceofLWD.LowflowchannelswillremainfreeofLWD.AnyremovalofLWDwillbeconsideredforreuseelsewherewithintheSMPAreaandinarestorationlocationthatwouldnotincreasefloodingpotential,erosioneffectsorthreateninfrastructuredownstream.

Invasivevegetationwillbetargetedforremoval.Section5.4belowdescribesvegetationmanagementapproachesinmoredetail.

5.3.2.4 Creation of Two‐Stage Low‐Flow in a Creek or Channel

Developingalow‐flowchannelwithinacreekorchannelthatcansuccessfullytransportsedimentunderlowerflowconditions(annualflowsandsmaller)isanimportantstrategytoreducesedimentdeposition.TheCitywillutilizethisapproachwhennecessaryinindividualcreekandchannelreaches.Thisapproachisnotonlyadvantageousintermsofpreservingcreekandchannelcapacity,butalsoprovidesimportantwaterqualityandhabitatbenefits.Thegeneralapproachistodesignasmallerconveyancechannelnestedinsidetheoverallcreekorchannelwidth.Thissmallernestedchannelwillhavethehydraulicgeometryconditionsadequatetoconveyandpasssedimentsunderlowerflowconditions.Asdescribedabove,whereadefinedchannelisabsent,gradientsaregentle,andflowsareshallowanddiffuseacrossthecreekorchannelbed,on‐goingdepositionwilloccur.

Totheextentpossible,excavationofalow‐flowchannelshouldfollowthechannelthalweg(lowpointorbottom)orthelocationoftheexisting(orpre‐existing)low‐flowchannel.Ifthelow‐flowchannelhasbeenfullyaggraded,anewlow‐flowchannelwillbedesignedandexcavatedtoanappropriatewidth,depth,andslopeforthereach.Sedimentremovalandlow‐flowchannelexcavationactivitieswillnotexceedthedepthoftheoriginalchanneldesign.Totheextentpossible,thelow‐flowchannelformandalignmentwillbebasedoncreekorchannelformsandsinuosityintheexistingcreeksorchannelsobservedintheSMPArea.

Ifthereacheasementandcreekorchannelcrosssectionistoonarrowforasinuouslow‐flowalignment,thelow‐flowchannelwillbesitedtothesideofthecreekorchannelthatreceivesthemostshade.Ineast‐westalignedcreeksandchannels,thiswouldbeonthesouthsideofthecreekorchannelwherethelow‐flowchannelwouldreceivethemostshadefromanyvegetationpresentonthesouthbank.Ifthecreekorchanneldoesnothavemuchexistingvegetation,eitheronthesouthornorthsides,treeplantingwillbeintegratedwiththeprojectduringthefollowingplantingseason,aswithallcreeksandchannelsreceivingmaintenancethathaveplantingopportunities(seeSection5.4andChapter8,Section8.4.1,foradditionaldetailontreeplanting).



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5.3.2.5 Dewatering

Dewateringofthestreammayberequiredinordertoconductsedimentremovalinthecreekorchannel.ManySMPAreacreeksareintermittentorephemeralandaredryinthesummermaintenanceseason.Othercreeksandchannelsareperennialandcarryflowyear‐round.

Severalofthecreeksandchannelsinurbanizedareas,ordownstreamofurbanizedareasthatwerehistoricallydryinsummer,nowreceiveflowsfromurbanrunoffandcontainwateryear‐round.Ifthecreekorchannelisconveyingwaterorpondingatthetimeofmaintenance,dewateringtechniquesmaybeused.Typicallyacofferdam,pump,andre‐routingpipelineareusedtogethertodewaterashortsectionofcreekorchannelatatime.Thecofferdamsaretypicallyconstructedusinggravelbagsor,ifnecessary,aninflatablerubbercofferdam.Pumpingratesaresettomatchinflowstothecofferdamwiththedownstreamreleaseofthedivertedflows.PumpintakelinesareprotectedwithscreensaccordingtoNMFSandCDFWcriteriatopreventtheentrainmentofaquaticspecies.Thedivertedflowsarereleasedbackintothecreekorchannelasnearaspossibletothedownstreamendoftheprojectarea.Siltbagsareusedattheendofthediversionpipetoreduceanysedimentdischargedownstreamandtodissipateflowvelocityandpreventscouratthedischargesite.

Creeksandchannelswillonlybedewateredtotheextentnecessarytoconductsedimentremovalactivitieswhileprotectingwaterqualityandavoidingimpactstoaquaticspecies.SpecificBMPsforcreekandchanneldewateringaredescribedinTable7‐1,BiologicalResourcesProtection.

5.3.3 Sediment Disposal

Sedimentdisposalactivitiesareessentialtothecompletionofthesedimentremoval,bankstabilization,andvegetationremovalactivities.AsdiscussedinChapter4,Section4.6.2,annualsedimentdisposalplanningwilloccurtofacilitatethesaferemovalanddisposaloftheprogram’ssediment.Throughpre‐planningefforts,disposalsiteswillbeidentifiedandpermittedforuseinaccordancewithfederal,state,andlocalregulations,andappropriatelandownerpermitsoragreements.Thesedimentdisposalplan,developedalongwiththeworkplanforannualmaintenanceactivities,willidentifydisposalsites;loading,transportation,andplacementBMPs;transportationroutes;andotherprocedurestoavoidorminimizepotentialimpactsonpeopleandtheenvironment.Oncethesedimenthasbeentested(ifrequired),disposallocationsconfirmedandthequantityofsedimentrequiringoff‐sitedisposalareidentified,implementationoftheannualsedimentdisposalplanwillproceed.

Sedimentdisposalactivitiesoff‐sitewillinvolveloading,transport,andplacementofsedimentattheselecteddisposallocations.Sedimentloadingwilltakeplaceatornearthecreekorchannelmaintenancesiteandinvolveuseoffront‐endloadersandbobcatstocollectandplacesedimentintohaulingtrucks.Multiplehaulingtrucksmaybefilleddependingonthequantityofsedimenttobedisposed.Thetruckswillbecoveredtopreventspillageduringtransport,andapplicableBMPsdescribedinTable7‐1willbeimplementedtopreventimpactsduringhandlingandtransportofthesediment.Sedimentmaybetemporarilystagednearthecreekorchannelmaintenancesiteaminimumdistanceof100feetfromthecreekorchanneltoallowanappropriatedryingtimepriortotransport(upwardsofthreedays).ApplicableBMPsdescribedinTable7‐1willbeimplementedinthiscircumstancetopreventmovementofsedimentbackintothecreekorchannel.

Transportfromthemaintenancesitetothedisposallocationswilloccurthroughpreplannedroutesidentifiedinthesedimentdisposalplan.Theserouteswillavoidcongestedareas,totheextent



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feasible,andtransportwilloccuroutsideofpeaktrafficperiods.Placementofthesedimentattheoffsitelocationsmayinvolveuseofequipment,suchasbulldozers.ThesameBMPsappliedduringloadingofthesediment,includingthoserelatingtoequipmentstagingandmaintenance,willbeappliedwhileactivitiesareconductedatthedisposalsite.Thedisposalsitewillbemanagedinthesamemannerasthemaintenancesites.Ifsedimentistransportedtoalandfillfordisposal,thetruckswillunloadthesedimentatthelandfill.Thelandfilloperatorswouldthenhandlethesediment.Extrahandlingandtransportprecautionsmayberequiredifthesedimentisclassifiedasahazardousmaterial.

Typically,theCityeitherhaulssedimentdirectlytoalandfillortotheirmaintenanceservicecenterwherethematerialisheldforfuturereuse.

5.4 Vegetation Management Thepresenceofcattailsandotherdensevegetationalongthecreekorchannelbedhasresultedindiminishedhydrauliccapacitywithinsomecreekandchannelreaches.Thepresenceofthisvegetationandtheresultingreductioninflowcapacityincreasesthefloodingpotential.Inaddition,theovergrowthofvegetationleadstoincreasedfireriskduringthedryseason,orcouldcompromiseexistinginfrastructure(e.g.,bridges).TheSMPseekstomanagevegetationtoreducethefloodingandfirepotential,preventdamagetoinfrastructure,andpreserveandenhancecreekandchannelhabitatsasmuchaspossible.

Vegetationmanagementreferstothetrimmingandremovalofvegetationthatissignificantlydecreasingfloodconveyancecapacityorpresentingafirehazard,particularlywhereinfrastructure(e.g.,bridges,culverts,stormdrainoutlets)oradjacentpropertiesareatriskinSMPAreaincreeksandchannelsandfloodcontrolfacilities.Vegetationmanagementalsoincludesplantingofnewtreesincreeksandchannelsatthetop‐of‐bankandjustabovethetoe‐of‐slope.

AsdescribedaboveinSection5.2,TimingofWork,nonground‐disturbingvegetationworkontheupperbanksofcreeksandchannelsmaybeconductedyearround.Ifthecreekorchannelisdry,andwithnotificationandapprovalbytheCDFW,non‐grounddisturbingvegetationthinning/pruningworkmaybeconductedinthecreekorchannelzonebeyondtheprimarymaintenanceworkwindowofMay1toOctober31.Morespecifically,vegetationmanagementoccursondifferentschedulesdependingonthetypeofthinningorremovalbeingconducted.

Vegetationmanagementactivitiesandgeneralperiodofimplementationareshownbelow.

Routinevegetationpruningandremoval(trees,Tamarix,cattails,blackberries)onthelowerbankandin‐channelbed—May1sttoOctober31st(withthepotentialforanextensiondependentupondryconditionsandagencynotificationandapproval).

Treeplantingandirrigation(asrequired)—allyear.

Upperbankplantingandirrigation,pruning,andremoval,accessroadandv‐ditchclearing—allyear.

Topofbankmowing(accessroadsandtrailsasrequired)—April15thtoOctober31st.

Accessroadspraying—April1sttoMay31st.



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Totheextentfeasible,vegetationpruningandremovalwilltakeplaceoutsidethemigratorybirdandraptornestingperiod(February15throughAugust15formostbirds).Duringthenestingbirdseason,worksitesthatarelessdenselyvegetatedwillbeprioritized,tofacilitatepre‐maintenancesurveysanddecreasethelikelihoodofdisturbingundiscoverednests.Ifmaintenanceactivitiesmustbescheduledtooccurduringthenestingseason,aqualifiedwildlifebiologist,familiarwiththespeciesandhabitatsintheSMPArea,willberetainedtoconductpre‐maintenancesurveysforraptorsandnestingbirdswithinsuitablenestinghabitatwithin300feetofSMPactivities(seeTable7‐1,BMPBR‐8).IfactivenestsareidentifiedwithintheSMParea,non‐disturbancebuffersshallbeestablishedatadistancesufficienttominimizedisturbancebasedonthenestlocation,topography,coverandspecies’tolerancetodisturbance.BuffersizeshallbedeterminedincooperationwithCDFW.

Vegetationmanagementandremovalactivitiesarerelativelyconsistentfromyeartoyear,thoughlocationschange.Yearsthatexperiencefloodingorstrongwindsmayrequireadditionalworktocleardownedtreesorvegetationdebris.Conversely,vegetationmanagementneedsfollowingdryordroughtyearsaregenerallyreduced.Somecreeksandchannelsmayrequireannualvegetationmanagementwhileothersdonot.Thislargelydependsonthetypeofvegetationinthecreekorchannel.Forexample,creeksandchannelscharacterizedbycattailsorwillowsmayneedannualpruningwhilecreeksandchannelswithamatureripariancanopygenerallyrequirelessmaintenancetomaintainflowcapacity.

AlllistedplantsarenativeriparianspeciesfoundinAlamedaCountywaterways.Notallspecieswillbeequallyappropriateforallsites;theplantinglistforanygivensiteshouldbedevelopedinconsiderationofthecurrentandknownhistoricnativefloraofthesiteandthelocalsubwatershedarea.

Vegetationmanagementtechniquesincludehandremovalusingsmalltoolsandhand‐heldequipment,mechanicalremovalusingheavyequipment,andspotchemicalcontrol.HeavyequipmentusedforvegetationremovalmayincludeaflailmowerattachmentonanexcavatororBobcat®thatisusedtocutcattails,orabackhoeorrubber‐trackedexcavatorthatisusedforremovingmaterialfromthecreekorchannel(seeSection5.4.1formoredetailonwhenthesetechniquesmaybeusedandtheequipmentused).

Vegetationmanagementactivitiesvarydependingonthetypeofcreekorchannelinvolved.WhilethemethodsdescribedherearethecommonpracticesoftheCity,maintenancetechniquesmayshiftovertimeandbylocationdependingonsiteconstraintsandnewtechnologies.ThefollowingparagraphsdescribevegetationmanagementactivitiesinthedifferenttypesofcreeksandchannelswithintheSMPArea.

BMPsandavoidanceandminimizationmeasuresareidentifiedinTable7‐1andwillbeappliedasappropriatetoallvegetationmanagementprojects.

5.4.1 Vegetation Management in Creeks and Channels

5.4.1.1 Willow Removal

WillowsarecommonlyfoundinreachesthroughouttheSMPArea.Thesespeciesgenerallygrowfromthebankslope,nearoratthetoe‐of‐slope,andcangrowintoandacrossthecreekorchannelbedquickly,oftenwithinasingleseason.Arroyowillows(Salixlasiolepis)canbeanissueforcreeksandchannelsduetotheirrapidgrowthandthebushystructureoftheplantwhichiseffectiveat



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slowingflowsandtrappingdebris.Red,yellowwillow(Salixlutea),andshiningwillow(SalixlucidaMuhl.)speciesarebettersuitedastheygenerallyformamaintrunkthatcanbelimbedup,allowingroomforflows.Specieslikered,yellow,andshiningwillowareretainedwheretheydonotpresentissuesforflowsorroughness.Arroyowillowswillberemovedwherevertheyaresignificantlyimpedingtheflowofwater,orinareasthatcontainmoredesirabletreespecies.Ifarroyowillowsarenotremoved,theywillbeprunedtominimizetheirabilitytocatchdebrisandimpedetheflowofwater.

Whenwillowremovalisconducted,itwillbeimplementedselectivelysuchthatvegetationisnotremovedalongentirereaches.Potentialexamplesofhowwillowremovalwillbeconductedincludeonlytargetingareasofdensegrowth,areasalongonesideofthecreek,orareasaroundculvertsorinlets.Insubsequentyears,maintenanceactivitieswilltargetareasnotmaintainedinthepreviouscycle.Thisapproachwillensurethatsomefunctionofvegetativecover(e.g.,streamshading,coverforamphibians)isretainedineachmaintainedreach.

Willowremovalgenerallyrequireshandclearingusingchainsaws,polesaws,pruners,andloppers.WillowstumpsmaybehandtreatedwithanherbicidesuchasAquaMaster®(formerlyknownasRodeo®)topreventfuturegrowth.Cutvegetationmustthenberemovedfromthecreekorchannel.Thisisachievedusingavarietyofmethodsincludinghandremoval(passingbranchesuptheslope),attachingalinetothecutlimbsandpullingthemuptheslopewiththeaidofanexcavatorarm,usinganexcavatorreachingintothecreekorchannelfromtop‐of‐bank,orusingaskid‐steerwithagrapplebucket.Incaseswherewillowrootwadsprotrudefromthecreekorchannelbottomafterlimbshavebeenpruned,thesearegenerallyleftinplacebutdependingonthecreekorchannelsizeandgeometry,therootwadmayrequireremovaltoreduceroughnessonthecreekorchannelbed.Removalofarootwadgenerallyrequirestheuseofheavyequipmentsuchasanexcavator.

AnyuseofheavyequipmentinthecreekorchannelforvegetationmanagementpurposeswillfollowandutilizetheavoidancemeasuresandBMPsidentifiedforsedimentremovalprojectsinTable7‐1.

5.4.1.2 Cattail Removal

Cattailsarecommonly(butnotnecessarily)foundinreacheswithlittletonoripariancanopy.Cattailsgenerallyestablishinlow‐gradientcreeksandchannelsthatsupportflowsthroughoutmuchoftheyear.Thisoftenmeanscattailsarefoundwithintheactivechannelinareasofslow‐movingflow.Finersedimentsnaturallysettleoutintheselocations,butfurthersedimentationisencouragedbycattailsthatslowflowsandtrapsediments.

Maintenancegenerallyoccurslaterinthesummersothatcattailsdonothavetimetoreestablishandgrowbeforewinter.Cattailsaregenerallyremovedusingbladedweed‐eaters.Inareaswherematuretreesdonotprohibitaccess,heavyequipment,suchasanexcavatorwithaflailmoverextensionpositionedattop‐of‐bank,maybeused.Thisapproachtocattailmanagementisashortertermsolutionascattailsreadilygrowback.

Cattailremovalmayalsobecombinedwithsedimentremoval.Insuchcases,thecreekorchannelisclearedofbothsedimentandcattailsusingmethodsdescribedinSection5.3.2inordertoincreasecreekorchannelcapacity.Thisapproachincludesremovalofcattailrootsalongwiththesedimentandhasprovensuccessfulinreducingin‐channelcattailre‐growthforseveralyears.Whetherimplementedonlyasavegetationmanagementactivity,oracombinedvegetationmanagementandsedimentmanagementactivity,theapproachappliedwillbesimilartothatdescribedinSection



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5.4.1.1andSection5.3.2wheremaintenanceactionswillavoidcompleteremovalofallvegetationinanysinglemaintenanceseasonwhenfeasible.

Overthelong‐term,cattailgrowthisfurtherdiscouragedbythedevelopmentofacanopyoverthecreekorchannel,strategicplantingofcattailcompetitors,andtheestablishmentofalow‐flowchannel.

Cattailmanagementrequiresamulti‐prongedapproachthatconsidersvegetationinteractions(canopyshading,competition,andecologicalsuccessionstage)aswellasgeomorphicprocesses(sedimentaccumulationandflowfrequency).Earlyseralvegetationcanprovidelightshadingandhasahigherstemdensitythenanestablishedripariancorridorandcanbeaninitialandeffectiveretardanttocattaildevelopment.Climaxriparianvegetationsuchaslargeoaks,bays,alders,boxeldersandmaplesoverhangingthecreekorchannelwillprovidemorecompleteshadingandexcludecattails.

5.4.1.3 Tree Pruning and Invasive Species Removal

Maintenanceactivitiesrelatedtotreepruningandexoticsremovalfocusonselectivelythinningbrushandmulti‐trunkedtrees.Thepreferredmaintenanceapproachistoprunelowerlimbsuptothetopofthecreekorchannelbanks,ifpossible.Multi‐stemmedtreesarepruneddowntoasingletrunkandlowerlimbsareremoveduptothetopofthecreekorchannelbanks,ifpossible.Thegoalofthismaintenanceapproachistodevelopanativecanopyoverthecreekorchannelbutnottoincreasecreekorchannelroughnesssuchthatthefloodhazardisincreased.

Inthetop‐of‐bankareaoutsidethecreekorchannel(includingtheaccessroadandadjacentabovechannelarea),healthynativematuretreesareonlytrimmedifalimbisblockingtheaccessroad,hangingoverafenceintoaprivateyard,orappearsunbalancedorbroken.Enoughspacewillbemaintainedalongtheaccessroadtoallowmaintenanceandemergencyvehicles.

TheCaliforniaInvasivePlantCouncil(Cal‐ICP)maintainsaninventoryofallknowninvasiveplantsinthestate.Inaddition,theCal‐ICPdevelopedtheCalWeedMappertool(http://calweedmapper.cal‐ipc.org/)toprovideguidanceontheinvasiveplantspecieslocaltoaselectedregion.TheinvasiveplantspeciesknowntooccurinandaroundthePlanningArea,asdefinedbytheCalWeedMappertoolandbasedonlocalknowledge,areshowninTable5‐1.

Non‐native,invasivetreesandbushes,maybeclearedfromthetop‐of‐bankareaorwithinthecreekorchannel.Invasivespeciesremovalsshallbehandledinamannertopreventspreadofseedandshallbecontainedsuchthatstrayplantpartsdonotleavethesiteorcontaminateadjacentareas.Additionally,invasivespeciesremovalshalloccurbeforeweedspeciesseedsetwheneverfeasible.

Non‐native,maturetreesthatprovidecanopyormayprovidehabitattonestingbirdsorraptors,suchaseucalyptus,maybeselectivelyremovedifothernativematuretreesarepresentnearbyandthelossincanopyand/orhabitatisnotconsiderable.Ifthesetreesaretheonlymaturetreesalongthecreekorchannelandprovidetheonlycanopyandhabitinthearea,theywillbeleftinplaceuntilsuchatimeasanativecanopyisdeveloped.

Treepruningwilltakeintoconsiderationtheextentoflocalripariancanopyandvegetationingeneral.Forexample,iftheactivechannelisfullyshadedbyarroyowillow,theremovalofwhichwouldexposethecreekorchanneltodirectsunlight,pruningtechniques,suchasallowinganarrowstripofvegetationtopersistonthesouthsideofthebanktoshadethecreekorchannel,willbe



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used.Thereachwillalsobeidentifiedforplantingofmoredesirabletreesthefollowingplantingseason.

Handclearingisusuallyrequiredonbankslopesusingchainsaws,polesaws,pruners,andloppers.Handclearingmayalsobeusedatthetop‐of‐banktoremovehazardtrees(e.g.,snags,dyingordeadtrees,brokenbranches)fromareaswithhighpublicuseorthatareadjacenttoresidencesorotherstructures.

TheBMPsidentifiedinTable7‐1andwillbeapplied,asappropriate,toalltreeandexoticsremovals.

5.4.1.4 Tree Removal

Mature,healthy,nativetreesaregenerallyonlyremovedifcreekorchannelcapacityissignificantlylimited,ifthetreeiscreatingunacceptablyhighhydraulicroughnessinthecreekorchannelandthesituationcannotberectifiedthoughuseofpruning,orifthetreeisposingathreattoinfrastructure.ThisincludesspeciessuchasWesternsycamorewhichshallbeavoidedwheneverfeasible.Sick,dying,ordeadmaturetreesmayberemovediftheyaredeterminedtobereducingcreekorchannelcapacity,increasingroughness,hasthelikelypotentialoffallingintothecreekorchannelandincreasingthefloodhazard,orpresentingapotentialsafetyhazardtorecreationalusers(inareaswheretheaccessroadisaccessibletothepublic)oradjacentstructures.Thedeterminationoftreehealthandlikelihoodofbeingahazardtopeopleorcreekorchannelcapacityismadeonsitebyappropriateenvironmentalstaff(arboristorbiologist).Snagswillbeleftinplacetoprovidehabitatforbirdsandsmallmammalsifitisdeterminedbystaffthattheydonototherwiseposeafloodorsafetyhazard.Sick,dying,ordeadtrees/snagsmayalsobeprunedsothatthefloodand/orsafetyhazardisreducedandsothatatleastaportionofthetreemayremaininplacetoprovidehabitat.

AsdescribedaboveinSection5.3,thepresenceofLWDwillbeevaluatedfortheopportunitytoleavesuchmaterialinplace.KeydeterminantsincludewhethertheLWDisdeflectingflowtowardbanksandtheproximitytoacreekorchannelcrossingorotherfacility.WhilethehabitatbenefitsofLWDaregenerallydesirableintheSMPArea,thesebenefitswillbeevaluatedinbalanceofthepotentialfloodingorerosioneffectsduetothepresenceofLWD.

Removaloftreesfromthecreekorchannelbedmayrequireheavyequipmentinthecreekorchanneldependingonthesizeofthetreeandthesiteconditions.Thismayrequireabackhoe,excavator,orBobcat®withatree‐spadeattachment.

5.4.1.5 Top‐of‐Bank Maintenance

Grassesinthetop‐of‐bankareaaremowedorweed‐whippeduptothreetimesannually.Allslash,sawdust,cuttings,willbeleftinplaceasmulch(exceptintheactivechannel).

5.4.2 Access and Staging

Accesstomaintenancesiteswilloccurviatheadjacentaccessroadswherepresent.Atprojectsiteswithnoaccessroad,accesswillbeprovidedviatheleastenvironmentallydamaging,yetfeasible,route(typicallyalongthetop‐of‐bankarea).Accesstovegetationmaintenancesitesoccursviatheadjacentaccessroadtothegenerallocation,andbyfootintothecreekorchannel.Removalofmaturetreesforaccesstothecreekorchannelbedbyfootisgenerallynotnecessary.Selectiveclearingofshrubsortreesmaybenecessaryonthebankstoprovideaccesstothecreekorchannel



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bed.Ifclearingisrequired,invasivespeciessuchasblackberryorfast‐growingspeciessuchasarroyowillowwillbetargeted.

Stagingforvegetationmaintenanceactivitieswilloccurtotheextentpossibleontheadjacentaccessroad.Cutvegetationwillbetransportedfromthecreekorchannelbedupthebankslopetotheaccessroadbyhandorbymechanicalequipmentsuchasaanexcavatororbackhoe.Cutvegetationwillbechippedonsiteand/orhauledawayinadumptruck.

5.4.3 Herbicide Use

HerbicideuseincreeksandchannelswithintheSMPAreaisminimal.In‐channeluseofherbicidesislimitedtodirectapplicationonstumpsoftrees,suchaswillowsthathavebeenremovedduringmaintenance,andforinvasivespecieseradication.Herbicidesarealsousedonunpavedaccessroadsduringthespringtosuppressweedsfromtheroadwayandtoprotecttheintegrityoftheroad.However,thereisnouseofherbicidesonportionsofaccessroadsthataresetwithinthecreekorchannelbanks.

Forthetop‐of‐bankaccessroads,herbicidesaresprayedfromatruck‐mountedrig.Theareasprayedislimitedtoasanarrowawidthaspracticable.Sprayingusuallyoccursearlyinthemorningtoreducethepossibilityofcontactwithrecreationalusersatthesitesthatarealsorecreationalfacilities.

TheCitygenerallyusesAquaMaster®(formerlyknownasRodeo®),anaquaticcontactherbicidethatconsistsofglyphosateisopropylaminesaltandwater,fortreatmentofstumpsandaccessroads,butotherherbicidesmaybeuseddependingonthetargetplantspecies.Adrift‐reductionagentsuchasStay‐Put®ismixedwiththeherbicide.Drift‐reductionagentssuchasStay‐Put®commonlyconsistofpoly‐acrylamideorpolyvinylpolymers.

Allherbicideapplicationactivitiesareconductedinaccordancewithapplicablefederal,state,andlocalregulations(underregulatoryauthorityoftheEPA,theDPR,andtheAlamedaCountyAgriculturalCommissioner,respectively)andtheCitywillutilizeBMPsasidentifiedinTable7‐1whenapplyingherbicides.SeeChapter2,Section2.2.4,foramorecompletedescriptionofrelevantregulationspertainingtoherbicideuseandtheSMPcomplianceapproach.

5.4.4 Vegetation Control with Grazing Animals

Asanalternativetoherbicideuse,grazinganimals(e.g.,sheepandgoats)maybeemployedtomanagevegetationforfloodandfirecontrolpurposes.Theanimalswouldbeconfinedtothecreekandchannelbanksusingoneormoreofthefollowing:fences,lowvoltageelectricfences,sheepdogs,andhumansheepherderswhowouldremainwiththeanimalsatalltimes.TheContraCostaCountyFloodControlandWaterConservationDistrict(CCCFCWCD)iscurrentlyexperimentingwiththisvegetationmanagementtechnique(ContraCostaCountyFloodControlandWaterConservationDistrict2012).

5.5 Bank Stabilization Bankstabilizationinvolvestherepairandstabilizationoferodedorerodingstreamorreservoirbanks.Bankstabilizationactivitiesoccurincreeksandchannels,includingculvertoutletsin



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streams.BankstabilizationactivitiesaregenerallyconductedfromMay1sttoOctober31stwhenstreamsareattheirdriest.WorkshallbeplannedtobecompletedpriortoOctober31st.Inyearsthataredry,theCitymayrequestworkbeauthorizedbytheregulatoryagenciestobeginearlierthanMay1standextendpastOctober31st(usuallynotlongerthananextratwoweeksoneitherend)subjecttoagencyapproval.Basedonpastactivities,bankstabilizationprojectsintheSMPAreatypicallyrequiretwotofourdaystocomplete.

5.5.1 Bank Stabilization in Creeks and Channels

Similartothesedimentremovalactivitiesdescribedabove,thenumberofnewbankstabilizationprojectsundertakeninagivenyeardependsonweatherandhydrologicconditionsduringrecentyears.Overthepasttenyears,theCityhasonlyimplementedonebankstabilizationproject.Itisestimatedthatupwardsofthreebankstabilizationprojectscouldoccurovertheten‐yearSMPprogramterm.Theneedforbankstabilizationismorelikelyinwetyearswhenbanksshearorslumpduetobanksoilsaturation,highsoilporewaterpressure,andhighstreamvelocities.Anotherkeyfactorinfluencingbankstabilityisrodentactivityandthepresenceofburrowswithinthebankthatcanreducebankintegrity.

Thebankstabilizationdesignsandimplementationactivitiesdescribedbelowdrawuponapaletteofbioengineeringtechniquesaddressingslopestability.Theseapproachesincludeusingengineeredbackfilledsoils,erosioncontrolfabric,andplantingofnativeripariantreesatthetop‐of‐bankandthetoe‐of‐slopetoprovideadditionalbankstabilityandincreasedcanopyinthecreekorchannel.Asavailabilityallows,sedimentusedinbankstabilizationprojectswillbetakenfromstockpiledsedimentcollectedduringsedimentremovalprojects.Wheresoilcompaction,erosioncontrolfabrics,andrevegetationarenotadequateinprovidingastableslopeontheirown,otherbioengineeredsolutionswouldbeprioritizedovertheuseofhardscapeinstallations.

UseofhardscapeisdiscouragedintheSMP.Hardscapewillonlybeusedincaseswhereotheralternativeswouldnotresultinasufficientlystabilizedslope.Atypicalconditionwhereahardscapesolutionmaybeexpectedtobeusedistostabilizeanemergingculvertoutlettopreventreoccurringerosion.Insuchcases,rockwillbeusedonlybeneathandbelowtheculvertoutfall,aswellasonthesidestoensurestabilityoftheculvert.Rocksizesaretypically1footindiameterorless(sizedaccordinglyforculvertsize).Ifriprapmustbeusedforotherbankslopestabilizationpurposes,itwillconsistofrocktypicallybetween1footand2feetindiameter.

Thespecificdesignofabankstabilizationprojectdependsonsite‐specificconditionssuchas:(1)thetypeofbankfailure(sheeredslope,undercutbank,rotationalslump,culvertfailure,etc.);(2)hydraulicconditions(bankheight,angle,shearstress,etc.);(3)geomorphicsetting(suchastheinsideoroutsideofastreambend);and(4)thecharacteristicsofthecreekorchanneladjacenttothesite.Thesesite‐specificconditionswillbeconsideredwhenselectingtreatments.

Chapter9providesmoredetailedinformationonprogramimplementationincludingthesitereconnaissance,evaluation,prioritization,anddesignstepsthatwouldbeconsideredindevelopingasuitablebankstabilizationdesign.

Bankstabilizationsiteswillberevegetatedwithnativeripariantreesregardlessofwhetherornotaripariancanopyexistedatthesitepriortotherepairproject.Nativeripariantreeswillbeplantedjustabovethe2‐yeareventwaterleveland/oratthetop‐of‐bank,spacedappropriatelybasedontreespeciesandthedesiredcanopyextent.Treeselectionwillconsidersitelocation,howappropriatethesiteisforthetreetype,andthepotentialforthetreetodestabilizethebankslopein



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thefuture.Arroyowillow(Salixlasiolepis),whichiscommontothesesystems,willnotbeplantedduetoitswideshrub‐likeformandtheincreasesincreekorchannelroughnessthisspeciescauses.Nativegrasseswillbeseededorplantedinareasdisturbedbybankstabilizationactivities,includingbetweenexistingornewly‐plantedtrees.

Whenrepairsaremade,banksarerecontouredtomatchtheadjacentbankslope(i.e.,returnedtopre‐failurecondition).MostcreeksandchannelswithintheSMPAreahavebankslopesof2:1orsteeper.Ifsiteconditionsallow,thebankslopemaybestabilizedatalesssteepslope(reducingthelikelihoodofrenewedfailure),butonlyiftheworkisconductedwithintheconfinesoftheoriginalcreekorchannelas‐builtcondition.Stabilizedbankswillbeflushwiththeexistingbankslope,andonlylimitednewmaterialmayprotrudefromthebank.

Individualbankstabilizationprojectscoveredunderthisprogramshouldnotaffectmorethan300consecutivelinearfeetofbank.Repairsshallbeconfinedtoanareanottoexceed10feetbeyondthefailedorfailingbankorstructure.Ifariparianzoneispresentadjacenttothebankfailuresite,carewillbetakentodisturbtheleastamountofvegetation,includingmaturetrees,asnecessary.Bankfailuresitesmaycontainexposedsoilsor,bythetimeofbankrepair,becoveredbyvegetationsuchasgrassesorblackberries.Overgrownvegetationwillonlyberemovedtotheextentnecessarytorepairthebank.

Equipmentusedforbankstabilizationactivitiesmayincludeexcavators,bulldozers,frontendloaders,and10‐and20‐cubic‐yarddumptrucks.Stagingwilloccuronadjacentaccessroads.Soilandrip‐rapwillbestagedinareasthathavebeenpreviouslydisturbed(i.e.,serviceroad,turn‐outs,etc.).

BMPsandavoidanceandminimizationmeasureswillbeappliedbasedontheequipmentused,siteconditions,andaccesstothesite.Ifrepairactivitiesaffecttheactivechannel,theworkareawillbeisolatedfromflowingstreamsegmentsusingsiltfences,wattles,and/orcofferdams.AdditionalBMPsareidentifiedinTable7‐1andwillbeapplied,asappropriate,toallbankstabilizationprojects.

5.6 Other Maintenance Activities

5.6.1 Bridge Maintenance

Bridgemaintenanceconsistsofrepairingexistingbridges(e.g.,concretepatchingorlocalizedreinforcement),treatmentofscourerosionaroundbridgestructures,painting,graffitiremovalandcleaning.Suchmaintenancewillrequirefootandvehicleaccessintothecreekorchannelbottom.Whereexistingaccessisnotpresent,itwillbeestablishedperthedescriptionaboveforsedimentremoval(Section5.3.2.2).

5.6.2 Culvert Repair and Replacement

CulvertsintheSMPAreaoccasionallyrequirerepairorreplacement.Theinstallationandrepairofdrop‐inletculvertsandtheclearing,repair,orreplacementofroadcrossingculvertsarethemostcommonroutineculvertmaintenanceactivities.Adiscussionoftheseculvertactivitiesisprovidedbelow.



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5.6.2.1 Drop‐Inlet Culverts

Drop‐inletculvertsaretypicallyusedtoroutedrainagefromV‐ditchesontheoutsideedgeofthechannelaccessroads(orotheruplandareas)tothestreamchannelbelow.Theseculvertscrossbeneaththeaccessroadandgenerallyexitintothechannelbankafewfeetabovethetoe‐of‐bank.

Installationofanewdrop‐inletculvertmaybeappropriatewhereexistingV‐ditchdrainageandroutingarenotadequate.PooledwaterintheV‐ditchthatisnotadequatelydrainedcanovertopthebankandthendirectlyflowdownthebankfacecausingsurfaceerosionorrotationalfailuresduetosaturatedsoils.Additionally,flowsenteringtheupperbankareaincreasetheopportunityforbankfailure.Newdrop‐inletculvertswouldbeinstalledtodrainareaswithinthechannelright‐of‐waytoreducebankfailureissuesrelatedtopoolingwater.

Besideinstallationofnewdrop‐inletculvertstoaiddrainage,therepairofexistingdropinletculvertsisalsoaroutinemaintenanceactivity.

Thefollowingdesignguidanceisprovidedtoensureproperdrop‐inletculvertfunctioningwhileavoidingandreducingimpacts:

Repairorreplacementofanexistingculvertwilloccurwithinthesamefootprintastheoriginalculvert.Theexistingculvertmaybereplacedwithalargersizeculvertifitisdeterminedthattheexistingculvertwasundersizedfortheanticipatedrangeofflows.

Theculvertoutfallpath,fromtheculvertedgedowntotoe‐of‐slopeshouldbeprotectedwitherosioncontrolmaterialasneededtodissipateenergyandreducetheerosionpotential.

Theculvertplacementandslopewillbeinstalledtominimizeoutfallvelocityandreducethepotentialforfuturebankerosionandscourfromoutfall.Energydissipationapproacheswillbeusedasneeded.

5.6.2.2 Road‐Crossing Culverts

Roadcrossingculvertsmayrequirerepairorreplacementduetostructuralfailuresoftheculvertorsupportingfootingsorheadwalls,orthepartialorcompleteinternalfailureoftheculvertitself.Causesoffailuresmayincludeimpropersizing,misalignment,theroaddesignanditsloadings,andtheageofmaterials.Culvertfailuretypicallyreduceshydrauliccapacityduetoflowobstructionbytheculvert,sediment,ordebristhatcollectsasaresultofthefailure.Failuremayalsoleadtoincreasederosiondownstreamoftheculvertwhereconcentratedflowsmaybecomemoreerosive.

Repairorreplacementofanexistingculvertwilloccurwithinthesamefootprintastheoriginalculvert.Theexistingculvertmaybereplacedwithalargersizeculvertifitisdeterminedthattheexistingculvertwasundersizedfortherangeofflowsthatoccurinthechannel.Culvertreplacementwillincludereplacingtheculvert(generallyCMPorreinforcedconcretepipe[RCP])andanchoringitinplaceasappropriatedependingonexistingroadcrossingconditions.Culvertswillgenerallybeinstalledusinganexcavatorworkingabovethechannelfromtop‐of‐bank.Culvertswillbeplacedatgradeandanchoredtosubgrade.Theexcavationwillbebackfilledandthebullwallspoured.Whenformsareremovedtheremainingfillmaterialwillbeaddedandprotectiverip‐rapinstalledattheoutfall.Roadmaterialwillbelaid,graded,andcompacted.

Likewithothermaintenanceprojects,stagingwilloccurtotheextentpossibleontheaccessroadadjacenttothechannel.Rip‐rapforthereplacementwillalsobestockpiledontheaccessroad,orotherdisturbedareas.



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ThisSMPintendstocoverrepairactivitiesforexistingculvertsofallsizes.Wherefeasible,archedculverts,orculvertswithburiedbottomsthatallownaturalsubstratetobepresentalongthelengthoftheculvert,willbeincorporatedintothereplacementdesign.Theuseofarchculvertsisnotfeasibleincircumstanceswhereexistingroadheightorsoiltypesareincompatible.

5.6.3 Habitat Restoration and Landscape Maintenance

Habitatrestorationincludeswetlandanduplandenhancement,restoration,andcreationactivities(e.g.,siteclearing,grading,planting,andirrigation)andlong‐termmanagementofrestoredhabitats(e.g.,maintenanceweeding,replantingorreseeding,irrigationrepairandremoval,biologicalresourcedatacollection)alongcreekchannelsinconjunctionwithorasmitigationforSMPmaintenanceactivities.

Landscapingandirrigationsystemsadjacentalongcreekchannelbanksmustbeoccasionallymaintainedtokeepvegetationalongthebanksaliveandhealthy.Inmanyplaces,theseareasprovideabufferbetweenthecreekchannelandadjacenttrails.Landscapingmayincludeneworreplacementplantingsandseeding.Plantandseedmaterialselectionwouldincludenon‐invasivenon‐hybridizing(basedonbestavailableinformation)nativeorornamentalspeciesthatarecompatiblewiththeadjacentchannelhabitatsandlandscaping.

IrrigationsystemsinLivermoredeliverbothpotableandrecycledwater.Bothtypesofwaterhavebeenusedforirrigatingplantmaterialincreeksandchannels.Flushingofthewatersystemandrepairsaresubjecttotheregulationsspecifictowatersystems.Whereirrigationsystemsarenearorwithinthecreekorchannelbanksspecialcaremustbetakenwhenmaintainingtheirrigationsystemincludingbestmanagementpracticesusedforflushingstormdrainoutfallsanddoinganyconstructionworkwithinornearacreek.BMPsidentifiedinTable7‐1willbeapplied,asappropriate.

5.6.4 Trash and Debris Removal

Trashanddebrisconsistsofallnon‐sedimentarymaterialsdepositedincreeksandchannelsasaresultoffloodwatersorthroughhumanactivity,includingsuchmaterialsasdownedtreesand/ortreelimbs,tires,shoppingcarts,trash,furniture,homelessencampments,andothersubstances.Debrisremovalisperformedinfrequentlyincreeksandchannels.Debrisremovalmayalsoberequiredtoprovideaccessforminormaintenanceactivitiesatstreamgages,outfalls,culverts,flapgates,andgradecontrolstructures.

TheSMPapproachtotheremovalofwoodydebrisisdescribedaboveinSections5.3.2.3,VegetationThinningorRemoval,andSection5.4.1.4,TreeRemoval.TheCitypatrolsitscreeksandchannelstoremovedebristhatcouldsignificantlyincreasethepotentialforflooding.DebrisremovalactivitiesaregenerallyconductedeitherbytrainedvolunteerswhoaresupervisedbyCityworkcrewsorworkcrewsaloneusinghandtoolsandoccasionallyawinch.Heavyequipmentistypicallynotusedfordebrisremoval.Vegetativedebrismaybechippedonsiteorsimplyremovedviadumptruck.

Non‐vegetativedebrisisremovedfromthesiteviadumptruckfordisposalatasolidwastelandfill.However,containersofhazardouswaste,suchaspaintandoil,aresealedinprotectivecontainersanddisposedatanappropriatehazardouswastefacility.BMPsidentifiedinTable7‐1willbeapplied,asappropriate.



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Relatedtodebrisremoval,theCityutilizesitslawenforcementresourcestocontroltheestablishmentofhomelessencampmentsonthecreeksandchannelsthatitowns.Suchencampmentscanbemajorsourcesfordebris,garbage,andwaterpollution.

5.6.5 Access Road and Trail Maintenance

Accessroadandtrailmaintenancemayincludegradingand/orresurfacingroadrepairsandvegetationremoval.Accessroadandtrailmaintenanceworkmayinvolvehandtools,mechanizedequipment,orchemicalapplication(forvegetationtreatments).

Thepotentialtimingforroadandtrailmaintenanceactivitiesis:

AccessRoads

Roadrepairs,grading,and/orresurfacing—Allyear.

Accessroadpruning—Allyear.

Spraydirt/gravelaccessroadsforweeds—March1sttoApril30th.

Trails

Trailrepairs,grading,and/orresurfacing—Allyear.

Accessroadandtrailpruning—Allyear.

Spraydirt/graveltrailsforweeds—March1sttoApril30th.

Signageandstriping—Allyear.

Totheextentfeasible,accessroadandtrailmaintenanceactivitieswilltakeplaceoutsidethemigratorybirdandraptornestingperiod(February15throughAugust15formostbirds).Ifmaintenanceactivitiesmustbescheduledtooccurduringthenestingseason,aqualifiedwildlifebiologist,familiarwiththespeciesandhabitatsintheSMPArea,willberetainedtoconductpre‐maintenancesurveysforraptorsandnestingbirdswithinsuitablenestinghabitatwithin300feetofSMPactivities(seeTable7‐1,BMPBR‐8).IfactivenestsareidentifiedwithintheSMParea,non‐disturbancebuffersshallbeestablishedatadistancesufficienttominimizedisturbancebasedonthenestlocation,topography,coverandspecies’tolerancetodisturbance.BuffersizeshallbedeterminedincooperationwithCDFW.

Roadrepairswillgenerallyrequiregradingtorestoretheoriginalcontoursoftheroad.Roadrepairsmayalsoincludereplacementofculverts,pipes,valves,drop‐inletsorothersimilarstructuresthathelptodraintheroad.Equipmentusedmayincludeamotorgrader,roller,andtrucks.AllrepairswillbeconductedincompliancewiththeCity’sStandardPlans,DetailsandSpecifications.

Vegetationremovalforroadandtrailrepairandmaintenancewillbeaccomplishedbypruningoflimbsandbranchesthatoverhangtheroadortrail,mowing,and/orapplicationofcontactherbicidesapprovedforuseinaquaticenvironments.TheaccessroadandtheareabetweentheaccessroadandthefencelinesenclosingCityright‐of‐waysoreasementswillbemowedtoreducefirehazardsandprotecttheintegrityoftheroadwayandfence.

Duringthespring,theCitywilluseAquaMaster®herbicideorasimilarproductonthesurfacesofgravelaccessroadstodiscourageweedsfromestablishingintheroadwayandprotecttheintegrityoftheroad.Sprayingislimitedtoasanarrowacorridoraspossible,andonlygravelroadsurfaceswillbetreated.



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AsdescribedinSection5.4.3,allherbicideapplicationactivitieswillbeconductedinaccordancewithallapplicablefederal,state,andlocalregulationsasreferencedinChapter2,Section2.2.4,(underregulatoryauthorityoftheEPAandtheAlamedaCountyAgriculturalCommissioner,respectively)andtheCitywillutilizeBMPsasidentifiedinTable7‐1whenapplyingherbicides.

Table 5‐1. Invasive Plant Species Known to Occur In and Around the Planning Area Page 1 of 2

Scientific Name Common Name

Agrostisstonifera creepingbentgrass

Ailanthusaltissima tree‐of‐heaven

Arundodonax giantreed

Atriplexsemibaccat Australiansaltbush

Avenabarbata slenderwildoat

Bellardiatrixago bellardia

Brassicanigra blackmustard

Brassicarapa birdsrapemustard,fieldmustard

Brizamaxima bigquakinggrass,rattlesnakegrass

Bromusdiandrus ripgutbrome

Bromushordeaceus softbrome

Bromusjaponicus Japanesebrome,Japanesechess

Bromusmadritensisssp.rubens redbrome

Bromustectorum downybrome,cheatgrass

CarduustenuiflorusandC.pycnocephalus slenderflowerandItalianthistle

Centaureacalcitrapa purplestarthistle

Centaureamelitensi Maltastarthistle

Centaureasolstitialis yellowstarthistle

Cirsiumvulgare bullthistle

Coniummaculatum poison‐hemlock

Cotulacoronopifolia brassbuttons

Cynaracardunculus artichokethistle

Cynodondactylon bermudagrass

Cynosurusechinatus hedgehogdogtailgrass

Dittrichiagraveolens stinkwort

Elymuscaput‐medusae medusahead

Erodiumciciutarium redstemfilaree

Eucalyptusglobulus Tasmanianbluegum

Festucaarundinacea tallfescue

Festucamyuros rattailfescue

Festucaperennis Italianryegrass

Foeniculumvulgare fennel

Genistamonspessulana frenchbroom

Geraniumdissectum cutleafgeranium

Helminthothecaechioides bristlyoxotongue

Hirshfeldiaincana shortpodmustard,summermustard

Hordeummurinum harebarley


Hypochaerisglabra smoothcatsear

Hypochaerisradicta roughcatsear,hairydandelion

Lepidiumchalepenses lens‐poddedwhitetop

Lepidiumlatifolium perennialpepperweed

Lobulariamaritima sweetalyssum

Lythrumhyssopifolium hyssoploosestrife

Manthapulegium pennyroyal

Marrubiumvulgare whitehorehound

Medicagopolymorpha Californiaburclover

Myriophyllumaquaticum parrotfeather

Myriophyllumspicatum eurasianwatermilfoil

Nicotianaglauca treetobacco

Oleaeuropaea olive

Oxalispes‐caprae Bermudabuttercup,buttercupoxalis

Pharlarisaqautica hardinggrass

Phoenixcanariensis CanaryIslanddatepalm

Plantagolanceolata buckhornplantain,Englishplantain

Polypogonmonspeliensis rabbitfootpolypogon

Pyracanthaangustifolia,crenulata,seratus pyracantha,firethorn

Raphanussativus radish

Robinapseudoacacia blacklocust

Rubusarmeniacus Himalyanblackberry

Rumexacetosella redsorrel,sheepsorrel

Rumexcrispus curlydock

Salsolatragus Russian‐thistle

Schinismolle Peruvianpeppertree

Schinusterebinthifolius Brazilianpeppertree

SchismusarabicusandS.barbatus mediterraneangrass

Silybummarianum blessedmilkthistle

Stipamiliacecevar.miliaceca smilograss

Tamarixparviflora smallflowertamarisk

Tamarixramosissima saltcedar,tamarisk

Trifoliumhirtum roseclover

Verbascumthapus commonmullein,wollymullein

Vincamajor bigperiwinkle

Washingtonrobusta Mexicanfanpalm


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Chapter 6 Estimated Maintenance Activity Impacts

6.1 Introduction Thischapterprovidesanoverviewofprogramimpactsrelatedtowaterquality,habitat,aquaticfunctions,andfocalspecies.Theimpactsummaryisnotacomprehensivedisclosureofprogramimpacts,norisitacompletestatementofenvironmentalimpactstobeusedforcompliancewithCEQA.AcomprehensivedescriptionofprogramimpactswillbeprovidedintheSMPIS/MND.Rather,theimpactdiscussioninthischapterprovidesacontextandrationaletounderstandtheprogram’smitigationapproach(Chapter8)giventheresourcesoverwhichtheregulatoryagencieshavejurisdiction.

TheimpactdiscussioninthissectionisorganizedthroughtheframeworkofBeneficialUses.BeneficialUsesareacollectionoffunctionsandvaluesidentifiedforwaterbodiesinanRWQCBBasinPlan.TheCWAandPorter‐CologneActgranttheRWQCBsauthoritytoassignandprotecttheseBeneficialUses.OneofthewaysinwhichtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBprotectsBeneficialUsesistosetwaterqualityobjectivesforphysicalparametersandpollutantsinwatersoftheState;compliancewithwaterqualityobjectivesisintendedtosustainsomeoftheBeneficialUsesassignedtothewaterbody.TheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBisalsoresponsibleforassuringthatactivitiesthatitauthorizesdonotresultinanetlossofwatersoftheState.InpracticethismeansthatprojectsauthorizedbytheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBshouldnotresultinanetlossofacresofwetlandsandotherwatersornetlossoflinearfeetofstreamchannels.

BeneficialUsesincludeawiderangeofresourcetopicssuchasaquaticfunctionsandvalues,fishandwildlifehabitatprotection,andeffectsonstate‐andfederally‐listedspecies.TheBeneficialUsesidentifiedforandapplicabletowaterbodieswithintheSMPAreaareshowninTable6‐1.TheSMPManualdescribesthreemainactivitytypes:sedimentmanagement,vegetationmanagement,andbankstabilization.ThissectiondescribesthepotentialdirectandindirectimpactstoaquaticandterrestrialhabitatandwaterqualityBeneficialUsesthatmayoccurasaresultofimplementingSMPactivities.Theseimpactsarecharacterizedastemporaryorpermanent,asappropriate,andanyresidualimpactsremainingafterimplementationofavoidanceandminimizationmeasuresarediscussed.Additionally,beneficialimpactsresultingfromthemaintenanceactivitiesarediscussedinlightoftheireffectonBeneficialUses.

TheimpactdiscussionconsiderstheapproachtomaintenancepresentedinChapter4,thedescriptionofactivitiespresentedinChapter5,andtheavoidanceandminimizationapproachpresentedinChapter7.Inotherwords,thisimpactdiscussionassumesthatthepre‐maintenanceplanningandimpactavoidancemeasuresdescribedinChapter4andtheBMPsdescribedinChapter7havealreadybeenapplied.Assuch,theimpactdiscussionfocusesontheresidualimpactsofSMPactivitiesthatcannotbecompletedavoidedorminimized,andmaystillrequireadditionalcompensatorymitigation.

City of Livermore Estimated Maintenance Activity Impacts


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6.2 Summary of Program Impacts by Activity Type

6.2.1 Sediment Removal Activities

6.2.1.1 Potential Adverse Impacts

SedimentremovalactivitiescouldadverselyimpactBeneficialUsesduetodisturbancetosensitivespecieshabitat,creekorchanneldewatering,andhazardsfromuseofequipmentinthecreekorchannel.PotentialadverseimpactsonBeneficialUsesaresummarizedinthefirstrowofTable6‐1.

Sedimentremovalactivitiesmayadverselyaffecthabitatforsensitivewildlife,fish,andplantspecies.Impactsonsensitivespeciesfromsedimentremovalactivitieswouldpotentiallyresultfromdirectdisturbancetothestreambedandbank,in‐channelvegetationremoval,andcreekorchanneldewatering.

Removalofsedimentinthecreekorchannelwouldalsoremovevegetation(smallwillowtreesandcattails)establishedintheaccumulatedsediment.AsaresultofthenatureofsedimentmovementinthecreeksandchannelsmaintainedundertheSMP,in‐channelvegetationquicklyreestablishes,largelyonanannualbasis.Thus,in‐channelvegetationwillreestablishandthedisruptiontohabitatistemporary.

However,insomeareasofLivermore,irrigationrunoffisleachingboronandotheralkalisaltcomponentsfromsoilsanddischargingalkalinewaterstostreamchannelsandponds.Whilewell‐establishedvegetationmaybesomewhatresistanttotheimpactsofelevatedsurfacewatersalinity,itmaybemoredifficultfornewvegetationtobecomeestablishedinmorealkalineconditions.Forexample,ata10‐yearoldsedimentremovalprojectinAltamontCreekadjacenttotheSpringtownGolfCourse,elevatedboronlevelsinsurfacewatershavepreventedvegetationintheimpactedreachfrombecomingestablishedatpre‐sedimentremovallevels.Therefore,itmaybenecessarytoassessalkalinitylevelsinsoilsandsurfacewateratsomeprojectsites.Inaddition,somesitesmayrequiresoilamendmentsbeforevegetationcanbesuccessfullyrestoredattheimpactsites.

Temporarycreekandchanneldewateringforsedimentremovalactivitiesmayadverselyimpactwaterqualityandbiologicalresources.Installation,operation,andremovalofdewateringsystemswillinvolvedisturbancetothestreambedandbank,whichcantemporarilyincreaseturbidityinthewatercolumnsurroundingtheworksiteandencouragetransportofsedimentdownstream.Additionally,isolationoftheworksiteandredirectionofcreekflowcouldharmaquaticspecies,suchasfishandfrogs.ImplementationofBMPBR‐4ImpactAvoidanceandMinimizationduringDewateringinTable7‐1willalleviatetheseimpacts.Oncemaintenanceactivitiesarecomplete,creekorchannelflowwouldberestoredaswouldwaterqualityandbiologicalresources.Useofmechanizedequipmentsuchasbobcatsandfront‐endloadersforsedimentremovalinthecreekorchannelwouldpresentanopportunityforaccidentalreleaseofhazardousmaterialstotheenvironment.Spillsorleaksoffuelorlubricantscouldtemporarilyorpermanentlycontaminatewaterqualityandhabitat,aswellasharmmaintenanceworkersandresidents.ThisimpactwouldhavethepotentialtooccuronlyduringmaintenanceactivitiesandwouldbemitigatedbyimplementationofBMPsHAZ‐1throughHAZ‐8,asdescribedinTable7‐1.

ThesetemporarysedimentremovalimpactswillbeavoidedorminimizedthroughthemaintenanceapproachdescribedinChapter4andtheBMPslistedinTables7‐1and7‐2forsedimentremoval



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activities.However,evenafterimplementationofappropriateBMPs,someresidualimpactsareexpectedtobeunavoidable.

6.2.1.2 Potential Beneficial Impacts

Inadditiontotheadverseimpactsofsedimentremovaldiscussedabove,long‐termpermanentbeneficialimpactswillresultfromsedimentremovalactivities,assummarizedinTable6‐1.Sedimentremovalactivitieswouldnotsignificantlyaltercreekfunctioningnorwouldtheyreducethequantityofhabitatsupportedbythereaches.

Intermsofwaterqualityandbiologicalresources,removaloffinesedimentfromthecreekorchannelbedwillimprovewaterqualityfiltrationandgroundwaterrechargefunctions.Creationandmaintenanceoflow‐flowchannelswillencouragefinesedimenttosettleonsmallbenches,similartofloodplainfunctioning.Inthisway,undersmallstormeventsorduringthedryseason,thelow‐flowchannelwillbefreeflowingassedimentaccumulatesonthebenches,thusenhancingfuturefishpassageopportunitiesandin‐streamfishhabitat.

Removalofinvasivein‐channelvegetation,suchascattails,willnotonlyimproveflowconditionsbutalsoprovideopportunitiesforadiversevarietyofwetlandvegetationtoestablishinthecreekorchannel,ifthesiteisactivelymanagedtopromoterevegetationwithamorediversespeciespalette.Havingavarietyofinstreamvegetationenhancesoverallfunctionbyprovidingamixtureofstreaminputs(leaflitteranddecomposition,stemrunoff,etc.)anddiversesoil‐root‐waterinteractions.

Intheabsenceofsedimentremoval,mostCity‐maintainedcreeksandchannelsindepositionalareaswilldeveloptocattaildominatedandblockedstreams.Forseveralreasonspreviouslydiscussed,largeexpansesofcattailsarenotecologicallydesirable,norcompatiblewithfloodmanagementobjectives.Overall,periodicsedimentremovalinconjunctionwithselectivetreeandshrubremoval,thinning,andplantingactivitiesareanticipatedtoprovideanoverallbenefittonativeplantandwildlifehabitat.

6.2.1.3 Conclusions

Whilesedimentremovalactivitieswillresultinseverallong‐termbenefitsasdescribedabove,theywillalsoresultinadverseimpactstowaterqualityandbiologicalresourcesthroughdirectdisturbancetoin‐streamhabitat.Aspartofongoingprogramdevelopmentandrefinement(perChapter9,Section9.8,AnnualReporting,Section9.9,DataManagement,andSection9.10,Five‐YearProgramReview),SMPmonitoringeffortswilldocumentchangesincreekorchannelcompositionandfunctionresultingfromsedimentremovalactivities.Inthisway,thetruemeasureofprogramimpactsandbenefitswillbebetterunderstoodovertime.

6.2.2 Vegetation Management Activities


Vegetationmanagementisgenerallycategorizedintothreetypesofactivities:vegetationremoval,pruning,andplanting.Managementofbothnativeandnon‐nativeorinvasiveplantspeciesisconductedthroughouttheSMPArea.Methodsforvegetationmanagementvaryfromuseofheavymachineryandchemicalcontrolstoselectivetreepruningandhandweeding.



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Theseactivitiesarefocusedonclearingover‐grownvegetation,fallentrees,orotherdebristhatisinhibitingflow.Theseactivitiesaretargetedandgenerallysmallscaleinnature.Creekandchannelvegetationremovalisfocusedonmaintainingmovementofwaterthroughthesystem.Suchmaintenanceactivitiesarelocalized,havealimitedfootprint(typicallylessthan0.8acre),andareusuallytargetedatroadcrossings,culverts,andatstormdrainoutlets.

Potentialimpactsassociatedwithvegetationmanagementactivitiesincludetemporarylossofunderstoryvegetation,creekorchannelcanopy,andnestinghabitat,aswellastemporarywaterqualitydegradation,assummarizedinTable6‐1.Selectivepruningandremovalactivitiesmayresultintheshorttermreductionofcanopyprovidedbyunderstorytrees,shrubs,andvinesplants.Shrubbyvegetation,suchasarroyowillow(Salixlasiolepis),willberemovedtoimproveflowconveyanceandpromotetalleruprighttreespeciestoestablishcanopycoveroverthecreekorchannel.Pruningandremovalofexotictreesorarroyowillowgrowingonthelowerbankmayalsoreducetheexistingcreekorchannelcanopycover.Lossofcanopycovermayencouragegrowthofinvasiveplants,suchascattails,inthecreekorchannel.Lossoftallertreescouldreduceavailablenestinghabitatforbirdssuchasraptors.However,removaloftallexotictreeswithintheripariancorridorthatprovideshadingoverthecreekorchannelwillrarelyoccurasthebenefitprovidedbytheirshadeandnestinghabitatinmostcasesoutweighstheiradverseeffects.Ingeneral,largeexotictreeswillnotberemoved(unlessidentifiedasanimmediatehazard)untilanappropriatereplacementhasbeenplantedandhasgrownlargeenoughtoprovidesimilarhabitatandwildlifefunctions(shade,perching,nesting,foraging,etc.).

Themethodsemployedforvegetationmanagementwillhavevaryingimpactsonwaterqualityandbiologicalresourcesinthecreekorchannel.Similartotheimpactsforsedimentremovalactivities,anyvegetationremovalworkinthecreekorchannelthatinvolvesgrounddisturbance,suchasrootwadremoval,mayresultinincreasedsedimentloadingtothecreek,particularlyifheavyequipmentisused.Avoidanceandminimizationmeasureswillberequiredforanymechanizedvegetationremovalactivities.Handremovalactivities,suchastreepruningandinvasivespeciesremoval,willminimallyimpactwaterqualityandbiologicalresources.Plantingactivitieswillminimallyimpactcreekorchannelhabitatbecausethemajorityoftheseactivitiesareconductedbyhand.

Thephysicalremovalofinvasiveplants,suchasArundodonax,couldresultinthespreadofinvasiveplantseeds,stems,orrootingstructures(e.g.,rhizomes)intoadjacenthabitatsanddownstreamareasresultinginfurtherhabitatdegradation.Additionally,importedmaterialsforbankstabilization,restoration,orerosioncontrolactivitiescouldcontainseedorplantmaterialsthatwouldbeundesirableandunsuitabletocreeksandchannelsinthePlanningArea.Topreventtheseimpacts,invasiveplantspeciescontrolmeasures(describedinTable7‐1)wouldbeimplemented.Theseincluderequirementstoimportonlycertifiedweed‐freematerials,focusinvasivespeciesremovalbeforefloweringandseedset,andcontainmentofinvasiveplantpartsbeingremovedtopreventtheirspread.

Herbicidesusedtopreventgrowthofinvasiveplants,suchaswillowsandblackberry,ortokeepaccessroadsfreeofvegetation,couldimpactnon‐targetvegetationorwaterqualityifimproperlyused.Accidentalherbicidespillscouldadverselyimpactwaterqualityandbiologicalresources.Topreventtheseimpacts,herbicideusewillberestrictedtohandapplicationtovegetationinthecreekorchannelandstrictlycontrolledsprayapplicationonaccessroads.AdditionalminimizationmeasuresforherbicideapplicationactivitiesaredescribedinChapter7andTable7‐1.



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Theuseofgrazinganimalsforvegetationmanagementcouldresultindirectimpactstocreeksandchannelsincludingthetramplingoffocalspecies,soildegradation,nutrientinputsandbacterialcontaminationfromdungandurine,andtheintroductionanddispersalofnon‐indigenousseedsandpropagules(ReevesandChampion2004).BMPsimplementedduringmaintenancewillreducethesepotentialimpacts(Table7‐1).


Thelonger‐termvegetationmaintenanceapproachwillachieveincrementalhabitatlift,wherebylargersingle‐trunkedtreesarepreferentiallyprunedandplantedinplaceofshrubbybankspeciesordensetreessuchasarroyowillow.Asamaturecanopydevelops,lesslightmayreachthecreekorchannelbedandbanksbelowreducingthepresenceofshrubbyvegetationbeneaththecanopy.Reductionofshrubbyin‐channelvegetationimprovesflowconveyancecapacityinthecreekorchannel,thusreducingthepotentialforflooding.WildlifehabitatinthemajorityofstreamreachesintheSMPAreawillbenefitfromdevelopmentofupperbankriparian,asopposedtoin‐channel,vegetation.

Adevelopedriparianoverstoryhelpsprovidewatertemperaturecontrolforthebenefitofcoldwaterspecies,suchassteelheadtrout.Therefore,lossofunderstoryvegetationthatisreplacedbyothercanopy‐providingvegetationisnotconsideredadverse.Thereplantingofin‐streamoverhangingsedgesandgrasseswillalsoprovidesomehabitatvalueforfrogsandavarietyofinsects.

6.2.2.3 Conclusions

MaintenancePrinciples(Section4.2),VegetationManagementApproachFramingConsiderations(Section4.4.1),andProgram‐WideBestManagementPractices(Section7.2)includingBMPswillassistinavoidanceandminimizationofpotentialimpactsforvegetationmanagementactivities.WhileMaintenancePrinciplesandothermaintenanceorBMPsminimizeimpactstovegetation,theremaybeoccasionswhenvegetationplantedasmitigationforSMPactivitiesdoesnotperformtosuccesscriteria(suchasintheexamplenotedabovewheresoilshavebecometooalkalinetosupportsometypesofriparianvegetation).Thiswouldbeconsideredapermanentlossandmeasurestomitigatethisimpactarediscussedbelow.However,ingeneralvegetationmanagementactivitiesdonotresultinresidualimpactsthatrequirecompensatorymitigation,unlesstheyareconductedincoordinationwithotheractivitiesthatrequiresuchmitigation(e.g.,sedimentremoval,bankstabilization).

Asdescribedaboveforsedimentremovalactivities,SMPmonitoringefforts(perChapter9,Section9.8,AnnualReporting,Section9.9,DataManagement,andSection9.10,Five‐YearProgramReview)willdocumentchangesincreekandchannelcompositionandfunctionresultingfromvegetationmanagementactivities.Inthisway,thetruemeasureofprogramimpactsandbenefitswillbebetterunderstoodovertime.

6.2.3 Bank Stabilization Activities


ImpactstoBeneficialUsesassociatedwithbankstabilizationwillbesimilartothosedescribedaboveforsedimentremovalactivities.However,bankstabilizationactivitieswouldalsocause



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disturbancetoupslopeareasofthecreekorchannel,andinsomecases,hardeningofthecreekorchannelwouldbenecessarywhererip‐rapisplacedaspartofsloperepairs.PotentialimpactsonBeneficialUsesassociatedwithbankstabilizationactivitiesaresummarizedinTable6‐1.

BankstabilizationactivitieswilldisturbadifferenthabitattypecomparedtosedimentremovalactivitiesbecausemaintenancecouldextendtoupslopeareasabovetheOHWM,uptothetopofthebank.Uplandareassupportadifferentsuiteofhabitatforplantsandwildlife.Forexample,treespecieslikebayandoakpreferuplandareasasopposedtowettedportionsofthecreekorchannel,andCaliforniatigersalamandersmayutilizeburrowsinuplandhabitatduringcertaintimesoftheyear.Impactsfromdewateringanduseofequipmentinthecreekorchannelwillcreatesimilarimpactsonwaterqualityandwildlifeasdescribedabove.However,becausemaintenancewouldalsoextendtouplandareas,thedegreeofimpactonwildlife,inparticular,couldbeslightlymoreadversedependinguponwildlifeuse.Asdiscussedbelow,implementationofBMPsandcompleterestorationofthesitewouldminimizeshort‐termimpacts,andalleviatealmostalllong‐termimpacts.

Additionalimpactsfrombankstabilizationactivitiesmayoccurthroughhardeningofthenaturalbank(i.e.,placementofrockrip‐raponthebank)ifaprojectrequiresrockrip‐raptostabilizethetoe‐of‐slopeaspartofthebankreconstruction.Tobeginwith,placementofrockrip‐raptostabilizethetoe‐of‐slopeduringbankstabilizationandstormdrainoutfallactivitiesmayresultinfilltowatersoftheUnitedStatesand/orwatersofthestate.Inallsuchcases,theminimumamountoffillisplacedtotheextentnecessarytorepairthebank.Inotherwords,workisonlyconductedtomaintaintheoriginalcreekorchannelstructure,andtherewouldbenopermanentfillofwatersoftheUnitedStatesorwaterofthestatebeyondthepre‐existingfootprintoftheas‐builtcreekorchanneldesign.Therip‐rapwouldresultinminorpermanentchangestocreekorchannel,waterqualityfunctioning,andwildlifehabitat.


Bankstabilizationprojectsprovidelong‐termbeneficialimpactsbyreducingerosionandsedimentloadingtothecreekorchannelanddownstreamresources.Destabilizedbanksthatarenotrepairedwillcontinuetoerodeandshedsedimentintothecreekorchannel.Tofurtherreducetheriskofadditionalsedimentloadingtocreeks,bankstabilizationsitesareseededwithgrassesandplantedwithtreeswhichwillfosterdevelopmentofriparianoverstory.Thus,asitewhichwasdevoidofvegetationandexposingbaresoilwillbestabilizedandrestoredwithnativeriparianvegetation.Remediationoferodingbankswillreducetheneedformaintenanceactivities,suchassedimentremoval,downstream.

6.2.3.3 Conclusions

AsdiscussedinthesedimentmanagementandbankstabilizationframingconsiderationsinChapter4(Section4.3.1andSection4.5.1,respectively),sedimentmovement,includingbankerosion,isanaturalprocess.However,thechannelizingofSMPAreastreamstogetherwithchangestosurroundinglanduseshasalteredthebalancebetweendischargeandsedimentloading,andassuch,interventionmaybeneededtoguideastream’sresponsetodisturbance.Thoughsensitivespeciesandhabitatwouldbetemporarilyimpactedduringmaintenanceactivities,theoveralleffectofsomebankstabilizationprojectswouldbelong‐lastingandbeneficial.TheMaintenancePrinciples(Section4.2),BankStabilizationFramingConsiderations(Section4.5.1),andProgrammaticAvoidanceandMinimizationMeasures(Chapter7)discussedpreviouslywillensurethatpotentialimpactsfrom



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bankstabilizationactivitiesareavoidedandminimized.Ifnecessary,placementofrip‐rapinthecreekorchannelwouldhardenthebankandresultinapermanentandresidualimpactofbankstabilization.ThisimpactwillbemitigatedfollowingtheguidelinesdiscussedinChapter8,ProgramMitigation.

SMPmonitoringefforts(perChapter9,Section9.8,AnnualReporting,Section9.9,DataManagement,andSection9.10,Five‐YearProgramReview)willdocumentchangesincreekorchannelcompositionandfunctionresultingfrombankstabilizationactivities.Inthisway,thetruemeasureofprogramimpactsandbenefitswillbebetterunderstoodovertime.

6.2.4 Other Maintenance Activities

Thissectiondiscussesseveralsmaller‐scaleactivitiestobeconductedbytheCityaspartofongoingstreammaintenance.Theseactivitiesincludebridgemaintenance,culvertrepairandreplacement,irrigationsystemmaintenance,trashanddebrisremoval,andaccessroadandtrailmaintenance.Potentialimpactsassociatedwitheachoftheseadditionalitemsarediscussedbelow.

6.2.4.1 Bridge Maintenance

BridgerepairandscourreductionactivitiesaredescribedindetailinSection5.6.1.Theseactivitiesrequirevehicularandfootaccessintothecreektoperformthepatching,minorstructuralrepairsandreducescour.Channeldewatering,temporarylossofvegetationduetoclearingforaccess,hardeningofthechannelatthebaseofthebridgetoreducescourifthescouroccurringisthreateningthebridgefoundationmayimpactBeneficialUses,asdescribedinTable6‐1.

Potentialimpactsforthismaintenanceactivityaresimilartothosedescribedforlocalizedsedimentremovalactivities.Temporaryimpactsonwaterqualityandbiologicalresourceswouldprimarilyresultfromchanneldewateringandworkinthechannel.Asdiscussedpreviously,BMPmeasuresimplementedduringmaintenancewillreducethesetemporaryimpacts(Table7‐1).

Whenpossible,workbeyondthebridgefootprintwillbeminimized,resultinginminorifanyadditionalhardeningofthechannel.However,insomecasesitmaybenecessarytoextendthebridgeapronorproviderockripraparoundtheedgeoftheapron,alongthebedandbank,topreventunderminingofthebridgestructure.Fillandhardeningofthechannelconstitutepermanentimpactsonbiologicalresourcesandwaterquality.ThisimpactwillbemitigatedfollowingtheguidelinesdiscussedinChapter8,ProgramMitigation.

BridgerepairandscourreductionactivitiesareasmallsubsetofmaintenanceactivitiesconductedundertheSMP.Thoughthemajorityofimpactsassociatedwiththisactivityaretemporary,thepropermaintenanceanddesignofstreamcrossingswillcontributetobeneficialimpactsonwildlifehabitatandwaterqualitywithintheSMPArea.

6.2.4.2 Culvert Repair and Replacement

CulvertrepairandreplacementactivitiesaredescribedindetailinSection5.6.2.Theseactivitiesincludetherepairorfullre‐installationofstreamcrossingsforwhichtheCityhasmaintenanceresponsibilities.Channeldewatering,temporarylossofvegetationduetoclearingforaccess,hardeningofthechannelifthestreamcrossingfootprintisexpanded,anddisturbancetobiologicalresourcesduringculvertmaintenancemayimpactBeneficialUses,asdescribedinTable6‐1.



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Potentialimpactsforthismaintenanceactivityaresimilartothosedescribedforlocalizedsedimentremovalactivities.Temporaryimpactsonwaterqualityandbiologicalresourceswouldprimarilyresultfromchanneldewateringandworkinthechannel.Asdiscussedpreviously,BMPmeasuresimplementedduringmaintenancewillreducethesetemporaryimpacts(Table7‐1).

Whenpossible,culvertsforstreamcrossingswillbereplacedwithinthesamefootprint,resultinginnoadditionalhardeningofthechannel.However,insomecasesitmaybenecessarytoexpandthecrossingfootprinttoupgradethecrossing(e.g.,becausetheexistingculvertsareundersized).Fillandhardeningofthechannelconstitutesapermanentimpacttojurisdictionalwatersandtheirassociatedbiologicalresourcesandwaterquality.ThisimpactwillbemitigatedfollowingtheguidelinesdiscussedinChapter8,ProgramMitigation.

CulvertrepairandreplacementareasmallsubsetofmaintenanceactivitiesconductedundertheSMP.Thoughthemajorityofimpactsassociatedwiththisactivityaretemporary,thepropermaintenanceanddesignofstreamcrossingswillcontributetobeneficialimpactsonwildlifehabitatandwaterqualitywithintheSMPArea.

6.2.4.3 Habitat Restoration and Landscape Maintenance

HabitatrestorationandlandscapemaintenanceactivitiesaredescribedindetailinSection5.6.3.Theseactivitiesincludetherepairorfullre‐installationofirrigationsystemsfortheestablishmentorongoingmaintenanceofvegetationinoronthecreekorchannelbankforwhichtheCityhasmaintenanceresponsibilities.Temporarylossofvegetationanddisturbancetobiologicalresourcesduetoclearingforaccess,restorationsitegrading/planting/irrigation,andmaintenanceofrestoredorlandscapedareasmayimpactBeneficialUses,asdescribedinTable6‐1.

Potentialimpactsforthismaintenanceactivityaresimilartothosedescribedforlocalizedsedimentremovalactivities.Temporaryimpactsonwaterqualityandbiologicalresourceswouldprimarilyresultfromworkinthecreekorchannel.Asdiscussedpreviously,BMPmeasuresimplementedduringmaintenancewillreducethesetemporaryimpacts(Table7‐1).

Thoughthemajorityofimpactsassociatedwiththisactivityaretemporary,theproperdesignandmaintenanceofbothhabitatrestorationandadjacentlandscapeareaswillcontributetobeneficialimpactsonwildlifehabitatandwaterqualitywithintheSMPplanarea.

6.2.4.4 Trash and Debris Removal

TrashanddebrisremovalisdescribedindetailinSection5.6.1.Few,ifany,impactsareanticipatedtooccurasaresultofthisactivity.Insomecases,veryminorvegetationremovalmayberequiredtoaccessaprojectsite.Similarly,somesedimentmaybebrieflydisturbedwhendebrisisremovedfromwithintheactivechannel.Overall,theseareminoractivitiesconductedaspartofstreammaintenancethatdonotrequirepermits,aregenerallybeneficialinnature,andarementionedhereforreferenceanddiscussionpurposes.

TheremovalofgarbageanddebrisfromSMPcreeksandchannelsisconsideredanimportantprogrambenefit.Shoppingcarts,furniture,electronicequipment,paintcansandothervarioushouseholdproductsareoftenfoundinthecreeksandchannelswithintheCity’sPlanningArea.Citymaintenancecrewskeepwatchforsuchillegaldumpingandclearsuchtrashanddebrisimmediatelyuponobservationorreceivingreportsfromcommunitymembers.TheseactionsarebeneficialfortheprotectionofwaterqualityandBeneficialUses.



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6.2.4.5 Access Road and Trail Maintenance

Maintenanceprojectsinthiscategorymayincludevegetationpruningorherbicideapplicationonaccessroads;accessroadrepairs,grading,and/orresurfacing;trailrepairsandvegetationpruningontrails;maintenanceofV‐ditches;andmaintenanceofV‐ditchculvertsandoutfalls.BeneficialUseimpactsassociatedwithaccessroadandV‐ditchmaintenanceactivitiespotentiallyincludetemporarylossofvegetationduetopruning,mowing,herbicideuse,orclearingforprojectaccess;hardeningofcreekorchannelduetouseofrockrip‐raptostabilizeorsupportaculvert;temporaryimpactsonbiologicalresourcesduringmaintenance;degradationofwaterqualityduringandfollowingprojectconstruction;anddegradationofwaterqualityduetotheapplicationofherbicides,assummarizedinTable6‐1.

ThetemporaryimpactsassociatedwithvegetationmanagementonaccessroadsandtrailswillbethesameasthosedescribedinSection6.2.2,above.Likewise,potentialimpactstowaterquality,particularlyfromuseofherbicides,mayresultforthesamereasonsasdescribedpreviously.However,theextentofsuchimpactsisanticipatedtobelessforaccessroadandtrailmaintenancebecausetheseactivitiesoccuroutsidethetop‐of‐bankandcreekorchanneldewateringisnotrequired.

Similartobankstabilization,rockrip‐rapmaybeusedtostabilizeV‐ditchculvertsandculvertoutfalls.Installationofrip‐rapabovethetop‐of‐bankwouldminimallyimpact(lessthan0.1acreannually)state‐regulatedbiologicalresourcesorwaterquality.However,installationofrip‐rapforV‐ditchoutfallslocatedbelowtheOHWMwillresultinhardeningofthecreekorchannelattheoutfalllocation.Thisconstitutesapermanentimpacttobothfederalandstate‐regulatedwetlandsand/orwatersrequiringmitigation,asdiscussedbelow.

6.3 Summary of Program Impacts by Species

6.3.1 Focal Plants

SanJoaquinspearscale(Atriplexjoaquiniana),Congdon’starplant(Centromadiaparryissp.congdonii),Palmate‐bractedbird’s‐beak(Cordylanthuspalmatus),andLivermoretarplant(Deinandrabacigalupii)individualscouldbedirectlyimpacted(lossofplants)byvehiclesaccessingmaintenanceareas,vegetationmanagement,bankstabilization,bridgemaintenance,culvertrepairandreplacement,Habitatrestorationandlandscapemaintenance,trashanddebrisremoval,accessroadandtrailmaintenance,andotheractivitieswithinsuitablehabitatforeachspecies,particularlyduringindividualgrowingandfloweringseasonswhenthesespeciesarenotdormant.Sedimentremoval,bankstabilization,andbridgemaintenanceactivitiescouldpermanentlyremovesuitablehabitatforthesespecies.Impactstosuitablehabitatwouldbeavoidedtothemaximumextentpracticable.

Alloftheproposedmaintenanceactivitieshavethepotentialtoresultinindirecteffects,suchastheintroductionofinvasivespecies,sedimentdeposition,changesinlocalhydroperiod,orchangesinthecompositionoflistedspecieshabitatsultimatelycausingthesehabitatstosupportareducednumberofindividuallistedspeciesortobecomeunsuitablehabitatforlistedspecies.However,giventheproximityofurbanandsuburbanareastomanyoftheplanareadrainages,thepotentialcontributionofmaintenanceactivitiestoindirecteffectsonplantsisnotanticipatedtobesubstantial.



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6.3.2 Focal Wildlife

6.3.2.1 Longhorn Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta longiantenna) and Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta lynchi)

Longhornandvernalpoolfairyshrimpadultsorcystscouldbedirectlyimpacted(lossofindividuals)duetouseormaintenanceofaccessroads(inareaswhererutsorpotholescreatepuddles),roadsideditches,orotherinfrastructureintheSMPAreanorthofHighway580alongArroyoLasPositasandAltamontCreek.Vehiclemovementormaintenanceactivitiescouldcrush,remove(alongwithexcavateddirtorsediment),orburyindividualsthathaveblownintotheSMPAreafromsurroundingareasofmoresuitablehabitat.Temporaryhabitateffectsmayincludechangestothemicrotopographyofaffectedpuddles,orincreasedsuspendedsedimentinthewater.Thesehabitateffectswouldbetemporary,asthehabitatwouldregeneratewithinoneyear.Theremovalofsedimentinchannelscouldremoveindividualsifthespeciesispresent.Theseareaswouldlikelyreverttoamixofaquaticandwetlandhabitatafterthesiltremovalandchannelrestoration.Thesespecies’habitatcouldbepermanentlyalteredthroughactivitiesthatdepositsoilinorperforate(e.g.,boring,trenching,excavating)therestrictinglayerofsoilinareasofsuitablehabitat,ultimatelyresultinginsuchhabitatnolongerholdingwaterorsupportingwetlandvegetation.

Maintenanceactivitiesalsohavethepotentialtoresultinindirecteffects,suchastheintroductionofinvasivespeciesorchangesinthecompositionoflonghornandvernalpoolfairyshrimphabitat,ultimatelycausingsuitablehabitattosupportareducednumberofindividualsortobecomeunsuitablehabitatforthisspecies.

ImpactstolonghornandvernalpoolfairyshrimphabitatwouldbeavoidedtothemaximumextentpracticablethroughimplementationofavoidanceandminimizationBMPs(SeeChapter7).

6.3.2.2 Callippe Silverspot Butterfly (Speyeria callippe callippe)

Callippesilverspotbutterflypupaecouldbedirectlyimpacted(lossofCallippesilverspotbutterflies)byvehiclesaccessingmaintenanceareasinsuitablehabitat(areassupportingJohnnyJumpUp[Violapedunculata])duringdiapause,whenindividualsareinactiveandmostvulnerable.Similarly,thespecies’habitatcouldbetemporarilyalteredbyvehiclestravelingthroughhabitatduringtheJohnnyJumpUpfloweringperiod(FebruarytoApril).SuchtemporaryhabitateffectsmayincludedestructionofportionsofindividualJohnnyJumpUpplantsthatareabovethesoil.Thesehabitateffectswouldbetemporary,asthehabitatwouldregeneratewithinoneyear.ImpactstosuitablehabitatwouldbeavoidedtothemaximumextentpracticablethroughimplementationofavoidanceandminimizationBMPs(SeeChapter7).

Allofthemaintenanceactivitieshavethepotentialtoresultinindirecteffects,suchastheintroductionofinvasivespeciesorchangesinthecompositionofCallippesilverspothabitatultimatelycausingsuitablehabitattosupportareducednumberofindividualsortobecomeunsuitablehabitatforthisspecies.

6.3.2.3 California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma californiense)

Californiatigersalamanderadults,subadults,andlarvaecouldbedirectlyimpacted(lossofsalamanders)orinjuredbyvehiclesaccessingmaintenanceareasorground‐disturbingactivities



6‐11 April 2015

ICF 00337.12

duringthewetordryseason.Vehiclemovementthroughoccupieduplandhabitatcouldcrushburrowsthatmaycontainsalamanders.Thelossofsomeunoccupiedburrowswouldbeatemporaryimpact,sincepocketgophers(Thomomysspp.)orCaliforniagroundsquirrels(Otospermophilusbeecheyi)areexpectedtocreatenewburrowsbythefollowingyear.Similarly,thespecies’aquaticanduplandhabitatcouldbetemporarilyalteredbyvehiclestravelingthroughvernalpoolhabitatandadjacentuplandhabitatduringthewetseason.Suchtemporaryhabitateffectsmayincludechangestothemicrotopographyofaffectedvernalpoolbottoms,increasedsuspendedsedimentinthewater,and/orthedestructionofaquaticorterrestrialplants.Thesehabitateffectswouldbetemporary,asthehabitatwouldregeneratewithinoneyear.Theremovalofsedimentinchannelswouldremovepotentialaestivationhabitatandsalamandersifthespeciesispresent.Theseareaswouldlikelyreverttoamixofaquaticandwetlandhabitatafterthesiltremovalandchannelrestoration.ImpactstoCaliforniatigersalamanderhabitatwouldbeavoidedtothemaximumextentpracticablethroughimplementationofavoidanceandminimizationBMPs(SeeChapter7).

Allofthemaintenanceactivitieshavethepotentialtoresultinindirecteffects,suchastheintroductionofinvasivespecies,sedimentdeposition,changesinlocalhydroperiod,orchangesinthecompositionofCaliforniatigersalamanderhabitatultimatelycausingsuitablehabitattosupportareducednumberofindividualsortobecomeunsuitablehabitatforthisspecies.

6.3.2.4 California Red‐legged Frog (Rana draytonii)

Californiared‐leggedfrogadults,subadults,andlarvaecouldbedirectlyimpacted(lossoffrogs)orinjuredbyvehiclesaccessingmaintenanceareasorground‐disturbingactivitiesduringthewetordryseason.Theremovalofsedimentinchannelswouldremoveannualgrassland,riverinewetland,andseasonalwetlandswalehabitatinandadjacenttostreamchannels.Theseareaswouldlikelyreverttoamixofaquaticandwetlandhabitatafterthesiltremovalandchannelrestoration.ImpactstoCaliforniared‐leggedfroghabitatwouldbeavoidedtothemaximumextentpracticablethroughimplementationofavoidanceandminimizationBMPs(SeeChapter7).

Alloftheproposedmaintenanceactivitieshavethepotentialtoresultinindirecteffectssuchastheintroductionofinvasivespecies,sedimentdeposition,changesinlocalhydroperiod,orchangesinthecompositionofCaliforniared‐leggedfroghabitatultimatelycausingthesehabitatstosupportareducednumberofindividualsortobecomeunsuitablehabitatforthisspecies.

6.3.2.5 Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)

Goldeneaglescouldbedirectlyimpactedbydisturbance(throughnoise,vibration,orpresence)resultingfromanyactivitythatoccurstooclosetoanactivenestduringthenestingseason.Goldeneaglecouldbeindirectlyaffectedbyanyalterationofforaginghabitatthatremovessuitableforagingactivitiesorreducesthepreybase.Suchanimpactwouldgenerallybetemporarygiventhatdisturbedvegetationwouldregeneratewithinoneyear.Additionally,sedimentremovalactivitiesareexpectedtoresultintheconversionofuplandhabitatthatgoldeneaglecouldforageovertowetlandorseasonalwetlandhabitatthatwouldnolongeroffersuitableforaginghabitat.TheabundanceofsuitableforaginghabitatelsewhereintheregionisexpectedtomaketherelativesmalllossofsuitableforaginghabitatresultingfromSMPmaintenanceactivitiestobeinsignificant.ImpactstosuitablehabitatwouldbeavoidedtothemaximumextentpracticablethroughimplementationofavoidanceandminimizationBMPs(SeeChapter7).



6‐12 April 2015

ICF 00337.12

6.3.2.6 Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor)

Tricoloredblackbirdcouldbedirectlyimpactedbydisturbance(throughnoise,vibration,orpresence)resultingfromanyactivitythatoccurstooclosetoanactivenestduringthenestingseason.Tricoloredblackbirdcouldbeindirectlyaffectedbytheremovalofsuitablenestingvegetation,butthisimpactwouldgenerallybetemporarygiventhatdisturbednestingsubstratewouldregeneratewithinoneyear.Additionally,sedimentremovalactivitiesareexpectedtoresultintheconversionofuplandhabitattowetlandorseasonalwetlandhabitatthatwouldmakeavailableanincreasedamountofnestinghabitat.ImpactstosuitablehabitatwouldbeavoidedtothemaximumextentpracticablethroughimplementationofavoidanceandminimizationBMPs(SeeChapter7).

6.3.2.7 Western Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia hypugea)

Westernburrowingowlcouldbedirectlyimpactedbydisturbance(throughnoise,vibration,orpresence)resultingfromanyactivitythatoccurstooclosetoanactivenestduringthenestingseason.Thespeciescouldalsobedirectlyimpactedthroughoff‐roadvehicletraveloranyground‐disturbingactivityatanytimeoftheyear,astheseactivitiescouldcrushoccupiedburrowsorindividuals.Westernburrowingowlcouldbeindirectlyaffectedbytheremovalofforaginghabitatorsuitableunoccupiedburrows.Additionally,sedimentremovalactivitiesareexpectedtoresultintheconversionofuplandhabitat,thatwesternburrowingowlcouldforageoverandresidein,towetlandorseasonalwetlandhabitatresultinginareducedamountofnestinghabitat.ImpactstosuitablehabitatwouldbeavoidedtothemaximumextentpracticablethroughimplementationofavoidanceandminimizationBMPs(SeeChapter7).

6.3.2.8 American Badger (Taxidea taxus)

Americanbadgercouldbedirectlyimpactedbydisturbance(throughnoise,vibration,orpresence)resultingfromanyactivitythatoccurstooclosetoanoccupiedden.Thespeciescouldalsobedirectlyimpactedthroughoff‐roadvehicletraveloranyground‐disturbingactivityatanytimeoftheyear,astheseactivitiescouldcrushoccupieddensorindividuals.Americanbadgercouldbeindirectlyaffectedbytheremovalofforaginghabitat(destructionofrodentburrows)orsuitableunoccupieddens.However,becausebadgersliveinrelativelyopengrasslandareas,ampleforaginghabitatwouldlikelyremaininthevicinityoutsideoftheSMPArea.ImpactstosuitablehabitatwouldbeavoidedtothemaximumextentpracticablethroughimplementationofavoidanceandminimizationBMPs(SeeChapter7).

6.1.1.1 San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica)

SanJoaquinkitfoxcouldbedirectlyimpactedbydisturbance(throughnoise,vibration,orpresence)resultingfromanyactivitythatoccurstooclosetoanoccupiedden.Thespeciescouldalsobedirectlyimpactedthroughoff‐roadvehicletraveloranyground‐disturbingactivityatanytimeoftheyear,astheseactivitiescouldcrushoccupieddensorindividuals.SanJoaquinkitfoxcouldbeindirectlyaffectedbytheremovalofforaginghabitat(destructionofrodentburrows)orsuitableunoccupieddens.However,becausekitfoxliveinrelativelyopengrasslandareas,ampleforaginghabitatwouldlikelyremaininthevicinityoutsideoftheSMPArea.ImpactstosuitablehabitatwouldbeavoidedtothemaximumextentpracticablethroughimplementationofavoidanceandminimizationBMPs(SeeChapter7).



6‐13 April 2015

ICF 00337.12

6.4 SMP Activity Quantified Impact Estimates EstimatedSMPactivityimpactsarequantifiedinTables6‐2through6‐24.Tables6‐2through6‐13quantifyestimatedmaintenanceactivityimpactsbydrainageandindividualreach.Tables6‐14through6‐23quantifyestimatedmaintenanceactivityimpactsbyfocalspecies.Table6‐24summarizesestimatedmaintenanceactivityimpactsbyreach.

Table 6‐1. Potential Impacts of SMP Activities on Beneficial Uses Page 1 of 2

SMP Maintenance Activity

GWR COLD MIGR RARE

Adverse Beneficial Adverse Beneficial Adverse Beneficial Adverse Beneficial

SedimentRemoval Groundwaterinfiltrationcouldbeinterruptedduetodewatering.(Temporary)

Improvedinfiltrationafterremovaloffinesediments.(Permanent)

Dewateringandsedimentremovalwouldtemporarilyimpactcoldwaterhabitatinthedewateredarea.(Temporary)

Removalofsedimentandcreationoflow‐flowchannelswillimproveflowandwaterqualityconditions,whichwillimprovecoldwaterhabitat.(Permanent)

Reachesthatsupportmigratoryhabitatmaybetemporarilydewateredduringthedryseason.(Temporary)

Sedimentremovalandcreationoflow‐flowchannelswillimproveflowandwaterqualityconditions,whichwillimprovemigratoryhabitat.(Permanent)

Dewateringandconstructionactivitieswouldtemporarilyimpacthabitatforrareandlistedspeciesinandaroundtheworksite.(Temporary)

Sedimentremovalandcreationoflow‐flowchannelswillimproveflowandwaterqualityconditions,whichwillbenefithabitatforrareandlistedspecies.(Permanent)

BankStabilization Groundwaterinfiltrationcouldbeinterruptedduetodewatering.(Temporary)

Reducedreleaseoffinesedimentswhichcouldimpairgroundwaterrecharge.(Permanent)

Bankstabilizationactivities,anddewatering,wherenecessary,wouldtemporarilyimpactcoldwaterhabitatintheworkarea.(Temporary)

Bankstabilizationwillremovesedimentinputstothechannelwhichwillimprovecoldwaterhabitat.(Permanent)

Bankstabilizationactivitiesanddewateringwouldtemporarilyimpactmigratoryhabitatintheworkarea.(Temporary)

Bankstabilizationwillremovesedimentinputstothechannelwhichwillimprovemigratoryhabitat.(Permanent)

Bankstabilizationactivities,anddewatering,wherenecessary,wouldtemporarilyimpacthabitatforrareandlistedspeciesintheworkarea.(Temporary)

Bankstabilizationwillremovesedimentinputstothechannelandenhancetheripariancorridor,whichwillbenefithabitatforrareandlistedspecies.(Permanent)

VegetationManagement

None Improvedinfiltrationafterremovalofdense,in‐channelvegetation(e.g.,cattails).(Permanent)

Vegetationremovalmaytemporarilyreducecanopycover,whichcouldresultinhigherwatertemperatures.(Temporary)

Revegetationactivitieswillencourageripariancanopydevelopmentandimprovecold‐waterconditionsovertimethroughsuchmechanismsaswatertemperaturemoderation.(Permanent)

Vegetationremovalcouldtemporarilyreducecanopycover,impactingmigratoryhabitat.(Temporary)

Revegetationactivitieswillencourageripariancanopydevelopmentandimprovecold‐waterconditionsovertime(Permanent)

Vegetationremovalcouldtemporarilyreducecanopycover,impactinghabitatforrareandlistedspecies.(Temporary)

Vegetationmanagementandripariancorridorenhancementwillbenefithabitatforrareandlistedspecies.(Permanent)

OtherActivities:AccessRoads,V‐ditchMaintenance,CulvertReplacement,DebrisRemoval

None None Culvertreplacementanddewateringwouldtemporarilyimpactcoldwaterhabitatinthedewateredarea.(Temporary)

Maintenancewillensureculvertsarefreeofdebrissoflowscanmovefreelythroughthesystem,reducingthenumberand/orsizeofslackwaterpoolswithelevatedtemperatures.(Permanent)

Culvertreplacementanddewateringwouldtemporarilyimpactmigrationhabitatinthedewateredarea.(Temporary)

Maintenancewillensureculvertsarefreeofdebriswhichwillallowforimprovedflowsandaquaticspeciescanmovefreelythroughthesystem.(Permanent)

Ifculvertreplacementrequiressitedewatering,temporaryimpactsonrareandlistedspeciescouldresult.(Temporary)

Culvertanddebrisclearingactivitieswillbenefithabitatforrareandlistedspecies.(Permanent)

SMP Maintenance Activity

SPWN WARM WILD REC2

Adverse Beneficial Adverse Beneficial Adverse Beneficial Adverse Beneficial

SedimentRemoval Reachesthatsupportspawninghabitatcouldbetemporarilydewateredduringthedryseason.(Temporary)

Improvedflowandwaterqualityconditionswillbenefitspawninghabitatwherepresentthroughoutthewatershed.(Permanent)

Dewateringandsedimentremovalwouldtemporarilyimpactwarmwaterhabitatinthedewateredarea.(Temporary)

Removalofsedimentandcreationoflow‐flowchannelswillimproveflowandwaterqualityconditions,whichwillimprovewarmwaterhabitat.(Permanent)

Dewateringandsedimentremovalwouldtemporarilyimpactwildlifehabitatinthedewateredarea.(Temporary)

Removalofsedimentandcreationoflow‐flowchannelswillimproveflowandwaterqualityconditions,whichwillbenefitawidearrayofnativefishandwildlife.(Permanent)

Sedimentremovalactivitieswouldtemporarilysuspendrecreationalaccesstotrailsalongchannels,andwoulddegradetheaestheticqualityofthechannelsintheshortterm.(Temporary)

Sedimentmanagementactivitieswillimproveriparianconditionovertime,improvingtheaestheticsofthechannelforrecreationalusers.(Permanent)


BankStabilization Bankstabilizationactivities,anddewatering,wherenecessary,couldtemporarilyimpactspawninghabitatintheworkarea.(Temporary)

Improvedwaterqualityconditionswillbenefitspawninghabitatwherepresentthroughoutthewatershed.(Permanent)

Bankstabilization activities,anddewatering,wherenecessary,wouldtemporarilyimpactwarmwaterhabitatintheworkarea.(Temporary)

Bankstabilizationwillreducesedimentinputstothechannelandenhancetheripariancorridor,whichwillimprovewarmwaterhabitat.(Permanent)

Bankstabilizationactivities,anddewatering,wherenecessary,wouldtemporarilyimpactwildlifehabitatintheworkarea.(Temporary)

Bankstabilizationwillremovesedimentinputstothechannelandenhancetheripariancorridor,whichwillbenefitawidearrayofnativefishandwildlife.(Permanent)

Bankstabilizationactivitiescouldtemporarilysuspendrecreationalaccesstochannels,andnewlystabilizedareasmayappearsomewhatunnaturalintheshortterm.(Temporary)

Bankstabilizationwillultimatelyimproveripariancondition,alsoimprovingtheaestheticsofthechannelforrecreationalusers.(Permanent)


Vegetationremovalcouldtemporarilyreducecanopycover,impactingspawninghabitat.(Temporary)

Improvedriparianqualitywillbenefitspawninghabitatwherepresentthroughoutthewatershed.(Permanent)

Vegetationremoval couldtemporarilyreducecanopycover,impactingwarmwaterhabitat.(Temporary)

Vegetationmanagementwillimproveflowandwaterqualityconditions.Inaddition,revegetationactivitieswillencourageripariancanopydevelopmentandimprovehabitatconditionsovertimethroughsuchmechanismsaswatertemperaturemoderation.(Permanent)

Vegetationremovalcouldtemporarilyreducecanopycover,impactingwildlifehabitat.(Temporary)

Vegetationmanagementandripariancorridorenhancementwillbenefitawidearrayofnativefishandwildlife.(Permanent)

Vegetationremovalactivitiescouldtemporarilysuspendrecreationalaccesstochannels,andmaydegradetheaestheticqualityofthechannelsintheshortterm.(Temporary)

Vegetationmanagementandripariancanopydevelopmentwillimproveriparianconditionovertime,alsoimprovingtheaestheticsofthechannelforrecreationalusers.(Permanent)

OtherActivities:AccessRoadsV‐ditchMaintenanceCulvertReplacementDebrisRemoval

Ifculvertreplacementrequiressitedewatering,temporaryimpactsonspawninghabitatcouldresult.(Temporary)

Culvertanddebrisclearingactivitieswillbenefitspawninghabitatwherepresentthroughoutthewatershed.(Permanent)

Ifculvertreplacementrequiressitedewatering,temporaryimpactsonwarmwaterhabitatcouldresult.(Temporary)

Maintenancewillensureculvertsarefreeofdebrissoflowsandaquaticspeciescanmovefreelythroughthesystem.(Permanent)

Ifculvertreplacementrequiressitedewatering,temporaryimpactsonwildlifehabitatcouldresult.(Temporary)

Maintenancewillensureculvertsarefreeofdebriswhichwillallowforimprovedflowswhichwillbenefitawidearrayofnativefishandwildlife.(Permanent)

Temporaryclosureofpublictrailsduringmaintenanceactivities.(Temporary)

Maintenancewouldimprovecreekandtrailaestheticsandpublicsafety.(Permanent)

DefinitionsfromWaterQualityControlPlanfortheSanFranciscoBayBasin(Region2)(December31,2013):GWR = GroundwaterRecharge.Definedas,“Usesofwaterfornaturalorartificialrechargeofgroundwaterforpurposesoffutureextraction,maintenanceofwaterquality,orhaltingsaltwaterintrusionintofreshwateraquifers.”COLD = ColdFreshwaterHabitat.Definedas,“Usesofwaterthatsupportcoldwaterecosystems,including,butnotlimitedto,preservationorenhancementofaquatichabitats,vegetation,fish,orwildlife,includinginvertebrates.”MIGR = FishMigration.Definedas,“Usesofwaterthatsupporthabitatsnecessaryformigration,acclimatizationbetweenfreshwaterandsaltwater,andprotectionofaquaticorganismsthataretemporaryinhabitantsofwaterswithintheregion.”RARE = PreservationofRareandEndangeredSpecies.Definedas,“Usesofwatersthatsupporthabitatsnecessaryforthesurvivalandsuccessfulmaintenanceofplantoranimalspeciesestablishedunderstateand/orfederallawasrare,threatened,or

endangered.”SPWN = FishSpawning.Definedas,“Usesofwaterthatsupporthighqualityaquatichabitatssuitableforreproductionandearlydevelopmentoffish.”WARM= WarmFreshwaterHabitat.Definedas,“Usesofwaterthatsupportwarmwaterecosystemsincluding,butnotlimitedto,preservationorenhancementofaquatichabitats,vegetation,fish,orwildlife,includinginvertebrates.”WILD = WildlifeHabitat.Definedas,“Usesofwatersthatsupportwildlifehabitats,including,butnotlimitedto,thepreservationandenhancementofvegetationandpreyspeciesusedbywildlife,suchaswaterfowl.”REC2 = NoncontactWaterRecreation.Definedas,“Usesofwaterforrecreationalactivitiesinvolvingproximitytowater,butnotnormallyinvolvingcontactwithwaterwherewateringestionisreasonablypossible.Theseusesinclude,butarenot

limitedto,picnicking,sunbathing,hiking,beachcombing,camping,boating,tidepoolandmarinelifestudy,hunting,sightseeing,oraestheticenjoymentinconjunctionwiththeaboveactivities.”Notes:AchannelthathasnoassignedBeneficialUsesisassumedtohavethesameBeneficialUsesasthebodyofwatertowhichitisatributary.ThefollowingBeneficialUsesarelistedintheWaterQualityControlPlanfortheSanFranciscoBayBasin(Region2)(December31,2013)butarenotpresentat,orarenotdesignatedfor,thesitespotentiallyaffectedbySMPactivities.

AGR=AgriculturalSupplyASBS=AreasofSpecialBiologicalSignificanceCOMM=CommercialandSportFishingEST=EstuarineHabitatFRSH=FreshwaterReplenishmentIND=IndustrialServiceSupply

MAR=MarineHabitatMUN=MunicipalandDomesticSupplyNAV=NavigationPROC=IndustrialProcessSupplyREC1=WaterContactRecreationSHELL=ShellfishHarvesting

Table 6‐2. Altamont Creek Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 2

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian

Fore

st a

nd W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

AC‐1 BS‐1 0.06 0.06

BS‐2 0.09 0.09

VM‐1 0.76 0.05 0.81

AC‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.01 0.21 0.00 0.27

BS‐3 0.00 0.06 0.06

BS‐4 0.05 0.03 0.08

VM‐2 0.40 0.40

VM‐3 0.29 0.29

AC‐3 BM‐2 0.17 0.17

TDR‐1 0.02 0.02

TDR‐2 0.02 0.02

TDR‐3 0.02 0.02

AC‐4 TDR‐4 0.38 0.18 0.56

TDR‐5 0.44 0.12 0.56

VM‐4 0.38 0.18 0.56

VM‐5 0.45 0.12 0.57

AC‐5 ARTM‐1 0.11 0.11

BM‐3 0.34 0.34

BS‐5 0.03 0.03 0.06

BS‐6 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.06

BS‐7 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.06

BS‐8 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.05

BS‐9 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.05

TDR‐6 0.01 0.19 0.25 0.45

TDR‐7 0.40 0.89 0.47 1.76

VM‐6 0.06 0.06 0.12

VM‐7 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.12

VM‐8 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.17

VM‐9 0.58 0.66 0.30 1.54

VM‐10 0.13 0.04 0.17

AC‐6 ARTM‐2 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.09

BS‐10 0.05 0.01 0.06

TDR‐8 0.39 0.60 0.02 1.01

Reach Name

Maintenance

Activity

Land Cover Type Impacts (acres)

Table 6‐2. Altamont Creek Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 2 of 2

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian

Fore

st a

nd W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

Reach Name

Maintenance

Activity


AC‐7 BM‐4 0.15 0.02 0.17

BS‐11 0.11 0.11

BS‐12 0.11 0.11

BS‐13 0.11 0.11

BS‐14 0.23 0.23

BS‐15 0.23 0.23

VM‐11 0.45 0.62 0.30 1.371.12 2.69 3.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.65 0.00 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.05 0.00 13.10Total

MaintenanceActivityAbbreviations:ARTM=AccessRoadandTrailMaintenance;BM=BridgeMaintenance;BS=BankStabilization;CRR=CulvertRepair/Replacement;SDO=StormDrainOutletMaintenance;SM=SedimentManagement;TDR=TrashandDebrisRemoval;VM=VegetationManagement.

Table 6‐3. Altamont Creek Tributary Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 1

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

reen

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w R

ipar

ian

Scru

b

Per

enn

ial F

resh

wat

er

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e St

ream

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

enti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

ACT‐1 BS‐1 0.06 0.06VM‐1 0.07 0.04 0.11VM‐2 0.92 0.92

ACT‐2 BM‐1 0.26 0.26BM‐2 0.01 0.15 0.16VM‐3 0.07 0.01 0.08VM‐4 0.37 0.01 0.38

0.44 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.29 0.00 1.97

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity

TotalMaintenanceActivityAbbreviations:ARTM=AccessRoadandTrailMaintenance;BM=BridgeMaintenance;BS=BankStabilization;CRR=CulvertRepair/Replacement;SDO=StormDrainOutletMaintenance;SM=SedimentManagement;TDR=TrashandDebrisRemoval;VM=VegetationManagement.


Table 6‐4. Arroyo Del Valle Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 4

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etla

nd

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st/

Oak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian

Fore

st a

nd W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e S

trea

m

Seas

on

al W

etla

nd

Syca

mo

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lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

en

tial

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

ADV‐1 Access 0.01 0.01BM‐1 0.17 0.17BM‐2 0.08 0.01 0.09BS‐1 0.24 0.01 0.25BS‐1 0.11 0.06 0.17SDO‐3 0.02 0.02SDO‐4 0.02 0.02VM‐1 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.17VM‐2 0.07 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.14VM‐3 0.23 0.23

ADV‐2 BM‐2 0.09 0.01 0.10BM‐3 0.04 0.04BM‐4 0.04 0.04BM‐5 0.09 0.09BM‐6 0.04 0.04BS‐3 0.06 0.06BS‐4 0.06 0.06BS‐5 0.06 0.06BS‐6 0.06 0.06BS‐7 0.06 0.06SDO‐1 0.02 0.02SDO‐2 0.02 0.02SM‐1 0.06 0.06

StagingAreaADV‐2

0.01 0.01

VM‐10 0.03 0.03VM‐4 0.03 0.03VM‐5 0.03 0.03VM‐6 0.03 0.03VM‐7 0.03 0.03VM‐8 0.05 0.05

ADV‐3 Access 0.02 0.02BM‐5 0.00BM‐7 0.17 0.17BS‐8 0.06 0.06BS‐9 0.11 0.11

StagingAreaADV‐3

0.02 0.02

StagingAreaADV‐4

0.01 0.01

VM‐11 0.03 0.03

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity



Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etla

nd

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st/

Oak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian

Fore

st a

nd W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e S

trea

m

Seas

on

al W

etla

nd

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

en

tial

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

lReach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


VM‐9 0.05 0.05ADV‐4 BM‐8 0.09 0.09

SM‐2 0.14 0.14StagingArea

ADV‐50.01 0.01

ADV‐5 Access 0.07 0.07BM‐10 0.04 0.04BM‐11 0.04 0.04BM‐12 0.03 0.03BM‐9 0.04 0.04BS‐10 0.06 0.06BS‐11 0.06 0.06BS12 0.06 0.06BS‐13 0.06 0.06BS‐14 0.06 0.06BS‐15 0.06 0.06BS‐16 0.06 0.06BS‐17 0.06 0.06BS‐18 0.12 0.12SM‐3 0.09 0.09

StagingAreaADV‐5

0.01 0.01

VM‐12 0.03 0.03VM‐13 0.03 0.03VM‐14 0.03 0.03VM‐15 0.03 0.03VM‐16 0.14 0.14VM‐17 0.03 0.03VM‐18 0.03 0.03VM‐19 0.14 0.14VM‐20 0.03 0.03

ADV‐6 BM‐12 0.00 0.00BM‐13 0.01 0.03 0.04BS‐18 0.00 0.00BS‐19 0.12 0.01 0.13BS‐20 0.06 0.06BS‐21 0.06 0.06BS‐22 0.05 0.05VM‐21 0.02 0.01 0.03VM‐22 0.05 0.38 0.43VM‐23 0.01 0.02 0.03


Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etla

nd

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st/

Oak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian

Fore

st a

nd W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e S

trea

m

Seas

on

al W

etla

nd

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

en

tial

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

lReach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


VM‐24 0.03 0.03ADV‐7 BM‐14 0.04 0.04

BM‐15 0.01 0.01BM‐16 0.01 0.01BM‐17 0.01 0.03 0.04BS‐22 0.01 0.01BS‐23 0.06 0.06BS‐24 0.04 0.01 0.05VM‐22 0.00 0.00VM‐25 0.03 0.03VM‐26 0.03 0.03VM‐27 0.48 0.48VM‐28 0.02 0.02

ADV‐8 BM‐17 0.01 0.01BM‐18 0.01 0.01BS‐24 0.01 0.01BS‐25 0.01 0.05 0.06VM‐28 0.01 0.01VM‐29 0.01 0.02 0.03

ADV‐10 BM‐24 0.04 0.04BS‐34 0.02 0.04 0.06BS‐35 0.06 0.06VM‐40 0.03 0.03VM‐41 0.03 0.03

ADV‐11 BM‐20 0.04 0.04BM‐22 0.02 0.02 0.04BM‐23 0.01 0.02 0.03BS‐28 0.06 0.06BS‐29 0.06 0.06BS‐32 0.03 0.03 0.06BS‐33 0.03 0.02 0.05VM‐32 0.03 0.03VM‐33 0.03 0.03VM‐36 0.02 0.02 0.04VM‐37 0.02 0.02 0.04VM‐38 0.02 0.02 0.04VM‐39 0.06 0.02 0.38 0.46

ADV‐12 BM‐21 0.04 0.04BS‐30 0.06 0.06BS‐31 0.06 0.06


Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etla

nd

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st/

Oak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian

Fore

st a

nd W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e S

trea

m

Seas

on

al W

etla

nd

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

en

tial

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

lReach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


VM‐34 0.03 0.03VM‐35 0.03 0.03

ADV‐14 BM‐19 0.04 0.04BS‐26 0.06 0.06BS‐27 0.06 0.06VM‐30 0.03 0.03VM‐31 0.03 0.03

ADV‐15 BM‐25 0.04 0.04BS‐36 0.06 0.06BS‐37 0.02 0.04 0.06VM‐42 0.03 0.03VM‐43 0.03 0.03

0.02 0.00 0.47 0.19 1.96 0.85 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.00 3.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.22 0.00 7.93MaintenanceActivityAbbreviations:ARTM=AccessRoadandTrailMaintenance;BM=BridgeMaintenance;BS=BankStabilization;CRR=CulvertRepair/Replacement;SDO=StormDrainOutletMaintenance;SM=SedimentManagement;TDR=TrashandDebrisRemoval;VM=VegetationManagement.

Total

Table 6‐5. Arroyo Las Positas Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 2

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st/

Oak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

ALP‐1 BM‐1 0.25 0.06 0.31BM‐2 0.37 0.19 0.14 0.70BS‐1 0.23 0.23VM‐1 0.08 2.93 0.19 0.14 0.07 3.41

ALP‐2 SM‐1 2.39 0.06 2.45VM‐2 5.83 0.20 0.00 6.03

ALP‐3 BM‐3 0.12 0.22 0.34SM‐2 13.33 0.69 14.02VM‐3 0.15 0.03 0.18

ALP‐4 BM‐4 0.14 0.02 0.18 0.34SM‐3 1.20 0.24 1.44VM‐4 2.13 0.76 2.89

ALP‐5 BM‐5 0.83 0.83BM‐6 0.01 0.18 0.19SM‐4 0.73 0.73VM‐5 15.73 0.01 15.74

ALP‐6 BS‐2 0.11 0.11BS‐3 0.11 0.11BS‐4 0.11 0.11BS‐5 0.57 0.57

ALP‐7 BM‐8 0.09 0.38 0.47BS‐6 0.22 0.13 0.35BS‐7 0.40 0.09 0.49TDR‐1 0.45 0.45

ALP‐8 BM‐9 0.62 0.62BS‐8 0.07 1.05 0.03 0.01 0.05 1.21

ALP‐9 BM‐10 0.05 0.35 0.07 0.47ALP‐10 VM‐6 0.18 0.02 0.20ALP‐11 BM‐11 0.11 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.17

BS‐9 0.07 0.16 0.23SM‐5 0.46 0.46VM‐7 0.46 0.46TDR‐2 0.46 0.46

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Table 6‐5. Arroyo Las Positas Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 2 of 2

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st/

Oak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

lReach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


ALP‐12 BM‐12 0.01 0.25 0.26SM‐6 0.23 0.00 0.23TDR‐3 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.69VM‐8 0.68 0.00 0.01 0.69

ALP‐13 BM‐13 0.17 0.17SM‐7 0.52 0.00 0.52TDR‐4 0.52 0.00 0.52VM‐9 0.52 0.00 0.52

ALP‐14 BM‐14 0.05 0.05SM‐8 0.21 0.21VM‐10 0.21 0.21

ALP‐15 BM‐15 0.06 0.06CRR‐1 0.00 0.00TDR‐5 0.11 0.10 0.21

ALP‐16 BM‐16 0.35 0.35TDR‐6 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.43VM‐11 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.43

0.31 1.56 18.03 0.00 16.11 0.19 5.23 0.00 0.48 14.35 0.00 0.12 1.02 0.78 0.27 0.00 3.87 0.00 62.33TotalMaintenanceActivityAbbreviations:ARTM=AccessRoadandTrailMaintenance;BM=BridgeMaintenance;BS=BankStabilization;CRR=CulvertRepair/Replacement;SDO=StormDrainOutletMaintenance;SM=SedimentManagement;TDR=TrashandDebrisRemoval;VM=VegetationManagement.

Table 6‐6. Arroyo Las Positas Tributary Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 1

Alk

ali M

ead

ow

and S

cald

s

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st/

Oak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian

Fore

st a

nd

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l

Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al

We

tlan

d

Syca

mo

re

Allu

vial

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/

Urb

an P

ark

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

ALPT‐1 0.00ALPT‐2 0.00ALPT‐3 BM‐1 0.52 0.52

SM‐1 0.52 0.520.00 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity



Table 6‐7. Arroyo Mocho Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 3

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

AM‐1 BM‐1 0.02 0.01 0.20 0.23BM‐2 0.09 0.02 0.11BM‐3 0.00 0.00SDO‐1 0.02 0.02SDO‐11 0.02 0.02SDO‐12 0.01 0.01 0.02SDO‐13 0.02 0.02SDO‐14 0.02 0.02SDO‐2 0.02 0.02SDO‐3 0.02 0.02SDO‐4 0.02 0.02VM‐1 1.42 1.42

AM‐2 BM‐3 0.09 0.03 0.12SDO‐15 0.02 0.02SDO‐16 0.01 0.01 0.02SDO‐17 0.02 0.02SDO‐18 0.02 0.02SDO‐19 0.02 0.02VM‐2 5.77 5.77

AM‐3 SDO‐10 0.00SDO‐5 0.02 0.02SDO‐6 0.02 0.02SDO‐7 0.02 0.02SDO‐8 0.02 0.02SDO‐9 0.02 0.02

AM‐4 BM‐4 0.17 0.17BM‐5 0.00 0.00CRR‐1 0.10 0.02 0.12SDO‐20 0.02 0.02SDO‐21 0.02 0.02SDO‐22 0.02 0.02SDO‐23 0.01 0.01 0.02SDO‐24 0.02 0.02SDO‐25 0.00 0.00TDR‐1 0.71 0.01 0.72

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity



Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

lReach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


VM‐3 1.50 1.50VM‐4 0.12 0.50 0.62

AM‐5 ARTM‐1 0.64 0.06 0.70BM‐5 0.00 0.26 0.26SDO‐25 0.01 0.01SDO‐26 0.01 0.00 0.01SDO‐27 0.02 0.02SDO‐28 0.02 0.02SDO‐29 0.02 0.02VM‐5 3.58 0.03 0.09 3.70

AM‐6 BM‐6 0.01 0.33 0.34SDO‐30 0.01 0.01SDO‐31 0.02 0.02SDO‐32 0.02 0.02SDO‐33 0.02 0.02SM‐1 0.23 0.01 0.81 1.05

AM‐7ARTM‐2/TDR‐

20.00

BM‐7 0.30 0.07 0.37BM‐8 0.01 0.01SDO‐34 0.02 0.02SDO‐35 0.02 0.02SDO‐36 0.02 0.02SDO‐37 0.02 0.02SDO‐38 0.01 0.01 0.02SDO‐39 0.02 0.02SDO‐40 0.02 0.02SDO‐41 0.02 0.02

StagingAreaAM‐7

0.00 0.01 0.01

VM‐6 1.02 0.00 1.02AM‐8 BM‐8 0.03 0.01 0.04

SDO‐42 0.02 0.02SDO‐43 0.02 0.02SDO‐44 0.02 0.02


Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

lReach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


SDO‐45 0.02 0.02SDO‐46 0.02 0.02SM‐2 0.02 0.02SM‐3 0.71 0.71VM‐6 0.01 0.01VM‐7 1.66 0.05 0.05 1.76

AM‐9 BM‐9 0.04 0.32 0.36CRR‐3 0.00 0.00

AM‐4 CRR‐2 0.01 0.010.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 18.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.03 0.00 2.34 0.06 22.03Total

MaintenanceActivityAbbreviations:ARTM=AccessRoadandTrailMaintenance;BM=BridgeMaintenance;BS=BankStabilization;CRR=CulvertRepair/Replacement;SDO=StormDrainOutletMaintenance;SM=SedimentManagement;TDR=TrashandDebrisRemoval;VM=VegetationManagement.

Table 6‐8. Arroyo Seco Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 1

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st/

Oak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

AS‐1 BS‐1 0.45 0.45AS‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.002 0.93 0.98

SM‐1 0.93 0.68 1.61VM‐1 0.99 0.01 1.00

AS‐3 BM‐2 0.005 0.18 0.05 0.24AS‐4 BM‐3 0.01 0.26 0.17 0.44

BM‐4 0.02 0.17 0.04 0.23BM‐5 0.03 0.42 0.23 0.68BM‐6 0.19 0.04 0.23

AS‐5 BM‐7 0.02 0.16 0.18AS‐6 BM‐8 0.31 0.31AS‐7 BM‐9 0.01 0.27 0.28AS‐8 BM‐10 0.35 0.35AS‐9 BM‐11 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.11AS‐10 BM‐12 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.18AS‐11 BM‐13 0.09 0.02 0.11

BM‐14 0.07 0.07BM‐15 0.17 0.01 0.18

AS‐12 BM‐16 0.14 0.01 0.15AS‐13 BM‐17 0.05 0.11 0.07 0.23AS‐14 BM‐18 0.18 0.18

0.00 0.00 0.61 0.00 2.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.24 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 3.44 0.00 8.19

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity



Table 6‐9. Collier Canyon Creek Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 1

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etla

nd

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w R

ipar

ian

Scru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e S

trea

m

Seas

on

al W

etla

nd

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

en

tial

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

CCC‐1 BS‐1 0.19 0.06 0.25CCC‐2 BM‐1 0.26 0.26CCC‐3 SM‐1 0.49 0.03 0.52CCC‐4 VM‐1 0.40 0.40CCC‐5 BM‐2 0.69 0.69

VM‐2 0.17 0.17CCC‐6 BM‐3 0.17 0.17

BS‐2 0.07 0.05 0.12CCC‐7 BS‐3 0.30 0.30

BS‐4 0.17 0.170.00 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.00 1.83 0.00 3.05

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity



Table 6‐10. Cottonwood Creek Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 1

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

reen

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w R

ipar

ian

Scru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e St

ream

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

enti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

CC‐1 0.00CC‐2 BS‐1 0.11 0.01 0.12

BS‐2 0.15 0.00 0.15CRR‐1 0.01 0.01SM‐1 0.01 0.01VM‐1 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.21

0.00 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity



Table 6‐11. Granada Channel Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 1

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n F

ore

st

/ O

ak W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w R

ipar

ian

Scru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

GC‐1 BM‐1 0.02 0.02BM‐2 0.01 0.01TDR‐1 0.08 0.08CRR‐1 0.00 0.06 0.06

GC‐2 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.17

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity



Table 6‐12. Realigned Arroyo Las Positas Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 1

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian

Fore

st a

nd

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l

Fre

shw

ate

r M

arsh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

RALP‐1 0.00RALP‐2 BM‐1 0.34 0.34RALP‐3 BM‐2 0.02 0.01 0.49 0.52

BM‐3 0.35 0.35RALP‐4 0.00RALP‐5 CRR‐1 0.01 0.01RALP‐6 CRR‐2 0.01 0.01

0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 1.18 0.00 1.23

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity



Table 6‐13. Isolated Reach Maintenance Activity Impacts by Land Cover Type Page 1 of 1

Alk

ali M

ead

ow a

nd

Scal

ds

Alk

ali W

etl

and

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ual

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipar

ian F

ore

st

and W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

aria

n S

cru

b

Pe

ren

nia

l Fre

shw

ate

r

Mar

sh

Po

nd

Riv

eri

ne S

tre

am

Seas

on

al W

etl

and

Syca

mo

re A

lluvi

al

Wo

od

lan

d

Val

ley

Sin

k Sc

rub

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rban

Par

k

Ru

de

ral

Ru

ral R

esi

de

nti

al

Urb

an/

Sub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Tota

l

BearCreekBasinsVM‐1 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.06 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.34VM‐2 0.25 0.25VM‐3 0.11 0.11BS‐1 0.02 0.01 0.15 0.04 0.01 0.09 0.04 0.36BS‐2 0.25 0.00 0.25BS‐3 0.13 0.13SDO‐1 0.01 0.01 0.02SDO‐2 0.01 0.01 0.02SDO‐3 0.02 0.02SDO‐4 0.02 0.02

0.03 0.02 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 1.52RavenswoodDrainageSwales

VM‐1 0.14 0.14VM‐2 0.11 0.11 0.22

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.11 0.00 0.36TotalMaintenanceActivityAbbreviations:ARTM=AccessRoadandTrailMaintenance;BM=BridgeMaintenance;BS=BankStabilization;CRR=CulvertRepair/Replacement;SDO=StormDrainOutletMaintenance;SM=SedimentManagement;TDR=TrashandDebrisRemoval;VM=VegetationManagement.

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Total

Table 6‐14. Fairy Shrimp Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 1 of 1

Alkali

Meadow and

Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

Seasonal

Wetland Total

AC‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.01 ‐‐‐ 0.06AC‐4 TDR‐4 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0.38 0.38

TDR‐5 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0.45 0.45VM‐4 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0.38 0.38VM‐5 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0.45 0.45

AC‐5 BS‐5 ‐‐‐ 0.03 ‐‐‐ 0.03BS‐6 0.01 0.04 ‐‐‐ 0.05BS‐7 0.02 0.04 ‐‐‐ 0.06BS‐8 0.01 0.04 ‐‐‐ 0.05BS‐9 ‐‐‐ 0.04 0.01 0.05TDR‐6 0.01 0.19 ‐‐‐ 0.20TDR‐7 ‐‐‐ 0.40 ‐‐‐ 0.40VM‐6 0.06 0.06 ‐‐‐ 0.12VM‐7 0.02 0.06 ‐‐‐ 0.08VM‐8 0.03 0.09 ‐‐‐ 0.12VM‐9 ‐‐‐ 0.58 ‐‐‐ 0.58VM‐10 ‐‐‐ 0.13 ‐‐‐ 0.13

AC‐6 ARTM‐2 ‐‐‐ 0.04 ‐‐‐ 0.04BS‐10 ‐‐‐ 0.05 ‐‐‐ 0.05TDR‐8 ‐‐‐ 0.39 ‐‐‐ 0.39VM‐11 ‐‐‐ 0.45 ‐‐‐ 0.45

0.21 2.64 1.67 4.52AltamontCreekTributaryACT‐2 BM‐2 ‐‐‐ 0.01 ‐‐‐ 0.01

VM‐3 0.07 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0.07VM‐4 0.37 0.01 ‐‐‐ 0.38

0.44 0.02 0.00 0.46

ADV‐15 BS‐37 0.02 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0.020.02 0.00 0.00 0.02

ALP‐8 BS‐8 0.07 1.05 0.01 1.13ALP‐16 TDR‐6 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0.00

VM‐11 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0.43 0.430.07 1.05 0.44 1.560.74 3.71 2.11 6.56Total

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


AltamontCreek

Subtotal

SubtotalArroyoDelValle

SubtotalArroyoLasPositas

Subtotal

Table 6‐15. Callippe Silverspot Butterfly Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 1 of 2

California

Annual

Grassland Total

AltamontCreekAC‐5 ARTM‐1 0.11 0.11

BS‐9 0.01 0.01TDR‐7 0.89 0.89VM‐9 0.66 0.66VM‐10 0.04 0.04

AC‐6 ARTM‐2 0.05 0.05BS‐10 0.01 0.01TDR‐8 0.60 0.60

AC‐7 BM‐4 0.15 0.15BS‐11 0.11 0.11BS‐12 0.11 0.11BS‐13 0.11 0.11BS‐14 0.23 0.23BS‐15 0.23 0.23VM‐11 0.62 0.62

3.93 3.93ArroyoDelValleADV‐7 BM‐17 0.01 0.01ADV‐8 BM‐17 0.01 0.01

BS‐25 0.01 0.01VM‐29 0.01 0.01

ADV‐10 BM‐34 0.02 0.02BM‐22 0.02 0.02BM‐23 0.01 0.01

ADV‐11 BS‐32 0.03 0.03BS‐33 0.03 0.03VM‐36 0.02 0.02VM‐37 0.02 0.02VM‐38 0.02 0.02VM‐39 0.06 0.06

ADV‐15 BM‐25 0.04 0.04BS‐23 0.06 0.06BS‐37 0.04 0.04VM‐42 0.03 0.03VM‐43 0.03 0.03

0.47 0.47ArroyoLasPositasALP‐1 VM‐1 0.08 0.08ALP‐5 BM‐6 0.18 0.18

SM‐4 0.73 0.73VM‐5 15.73 15.73

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Subtotal

Subtotal

Table 6‐15. Callippe Silverspot Butterfly Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 2 of 2

California

Annual

Grassland Total

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


ALP‐6 BS‐5 0.57 0.57ALP‐7 BM‐8 0.09 0.09

BS‐6 0.22 0.22BS‐7 0.40 0.40

ALP‐8 BS‐8 0.03 0.0318.03 18.03

ArroyoLasPositasTributaryALPT‐3 BM‐1 0.52 0.52

SM‐1 0.52 0.521.04 1.0423.47 23.47

SubtotalTotal

Subtotal

Table 6‐16. California Tiger Salamander Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 1 of 2

Alkali

Meadow

and Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland Pond

Seasonal

Wetland Total

AltamontCreekAC‐1 BS‐1 0.06 0.06

BS‐2 0.09 0.09VM‐1 0.76 0.05 0.81

AC‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.01 0.06AC‐4 TDR‐4 0.38 0.38

TDR‐5 0.44 0.44VM‐4 0.38 0.38VM‐5 0.45 0.45

AC‐5 ARTM‐1 0.11 0.11BS‐5 0.03 0.03BS‐6 0.01 0.04 0.05BS‐7 0.02 0.04 0.06BS‐8 0.01 0.04 0.05BS‐9 0.04 0.01 0.05TDR‐6 0.01 0.19 0.20TDR‐7 0.40 0.89 1.29VM‐6 0.06 0.06 0.12VM‐7 0.02 0.06 0.08VM‐8 0.03 0.09 0.12VM‐9 0.58 0.66 1.24VM‐10 0.13 0.04 0.17

AC‐6 ARTM‐2 0.04 0.05 0.09BS‐10 0.05 0.01 0.06TDR‐8 0.39 0.60 0.99

AC‐7 BM‐4 0.15 0.15BS‐11 0.11 0.11BS‐12 0.11 0.11BS‐13 0.11 0.11BS‐14 0.23 0.23BS‐15 0.23 0.23VM‐11 0.45 0.62 1.07

1.12 2.69 3.93 0.00 1.65 9.39AltamontCreekTributaryACT‐1 VM‐1 0.07 0.07ACT‐2 BM‐2 0.01 0.01

VM‐3 0.07 0.07VM‐4 0.37 0.01 0.38

0.44 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.53ArroyoDelValleADV‐7 BM‐17 0.01 0.01ADV‐8 BM‐17 0.01 0.01

BS‐25 0.01 0.01

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Subtotal

Subtotal

Table 6‐16. California Tiger Salamander Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 2 of 2

Alkali

Meadow

and Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland Pond

Seasonal

Wetland Total

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


VM‐29 0.01 0.01ADV‐10 BM‐34 0.02 0.02

BM‐22 0.02 0.02BM‐23 0.01 0.01

ADV‐11 BS‐32 0.03 0.03BS‐33 0.03 0.03VM‐36 0.02 0.02VM‐37 0.02 0.02VM‐38 0.02 0.02VM‐39 0.06 0.38 0.44

ADV‐15 BM‐25 0.04 0.04BS‐23 0.06 0.06BS‐37 0.02 0.04 0.06VM‐42 0.03 0.03VM‐43 0.03 0.03

0.02 0.00 0.47 0.38 0.00 0.87ArroyoLasPositasALP‐1 VM‐1 0.08 0.08ALP‐3 SM‐2 13.33 13.33

VM‐3 0.15 0.15ALP‐5 BM‐6 0.01 0.18 0.19

SM‐4 0.73 0.73VM‐5 15.73 15.73

ALP‐6 BS‐5 0.57 0.57ALP‐7 BM‐8 0.09 0.09

BS‐6 0.22 0.22BS‐7 0.40 0.40

ALP‐8 BS‐8 0.07 1.05 0.03 0.01 1.16ALP‐9 BM‐10 0.05 0.35 0.40ALP‐11 BM‐11 0.11 0.11

BS‐9 0.07 0.16 0.23ALP‐16 TDR‐6 0.43 0.43

VM‐11 0.43 0.430.31 1.56 18.03 0.00 14.35 34.25

ArroyoLasPositasTributaryALPT‐3 BM‐1 0.52 0.52

SM‐1 0.52 0.520.00 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.00 1.04

CollierCanyonCreekCCC‐6 BS‐2 0.07 0.07CCC‐7 BS‐3 0.30 0.30

0.00 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.371.89 4.27 23.84 0.38 16.07 46.45

Subtotal

SubtotalTotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Table 6‐17. California Red‐Legged Frog Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 1 of 5

Alkali

Meadow

and Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Mixed

Riparian

Forest and

Woodland

Mixed

Willow

Riparian

Scrub

Perennial

Freshwater

Marsh Pond

Riverine

Stream

Seasonal

Wetland

Sycamore

Woodland


BS‐2 0.09 0.09VM‐1 0.76 0.05 0.81

AC‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.01 0.06AC‐4 TDR‐4 0.38 0.38

TDR‐5 0.44 0.44VM‐4 0.38 0.38VM‐5 0.45 0.45


AC‐6 ARTM‐2 0.04 0.05 0.09BS‐10 0.05 0.01 0.06TDR‐8 0.39 0.60 0.99


1.12 2.69 3.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.65 0.00 9.39AltamontCreekTributaryACT‐1 VM‐1 0.07 0.07ACT‐2 BM‐2 0.01 0.01

VM‐3 0.07 0.07VM‐4 0.37 0.01 0.38

0.44 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.53ArroyoDelValleADV‐1 BS‐1 0.24 0.24

BS‐2 0.11 0.11VM‐1 0.10 0.10VM‐2 0.07 0.00 0.07VM‐3 0.23 0.23

ADV‐2 BM‐2 0.08 0.09 0.17BM‐3 0.09 0.09BS‐3 0.34 0.34

ADV‐3 BS‐4 0.11 0.11ADV‐4 BS‐5 0.17 0.17

BS‐6 0.09 0.09ADV‐5 BS‐7 0.06 0.06

BS‐8 0.06 0.06ADV‐6 BM‐12 0.00 0.00

BM‐13 0.01 0.03 0.04BS‐18 0.00 0.00BS‐19 0.12 0.01 0.13BS‐20 0.06 0.06

Subtotal

Subtotal

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Total


Alkali

Meadow

and Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Mixed

Riparian

Forest and

Woodland

Mixed

Willow

Riparian

Scrub

Perennial

Freshwater

Marsh Pond

Riverine

Stream

Seasonal

Wetland

Sycamore

Woodland

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Total

BS‐21 0.06 0.06BS‐22 0.05 0.05VM‐21 0.02 0.01 0.03VM‐22 0.05 0.38 0.43VM‐23 0.01 0.02 0.03VM‐24 0.03 0.03

ADV‐7 BM‐14 0.04 0.04BM‐15 0.01 0.01BM‐16 0.01 0.01BM‐17 0.01 0.01BS‐22 0.01 0.01BS‐23 0.06 0.06BS‐24 0.01 0.01VM‐22 0.00 0.00VM‐25 0.03 0.03VM‐26 0.03 0.03VM‐27 0.48 0.48

ADV‐8 BM‐17 0.01 0.01BS‐25 0.01 0.01VM‐29 0.01 0.01

ADV‐10 BM‐24 0.04 0.04BS‐34 0.02 0.04 0.06BS‐35 0.06 0.06VM‐40 0.03 0.03VM‐41 0.03 0.03

ADV‐11 BM‐20 0.04 0.04BM‐22 0.02 0.02 0.04BM‐23 0.01 0.02 0.03BS‐28 0.06 0.06BS‐29 0.06 0.06BS‐32 0.03 0.03 0.06BS‐33 0.03 0.02 0.05VM‐32 0.03 0.03VM‐33 0.03 0.03VM‐36 0.02 0.02 0.04VM‐37 0.02 0.02 0.04VM‐38 0.02 0.02 0.04VM‐39 0.06 0.02 0.38 0.46

ADV‐12 BM‐21 0.04 0.04BS‐30 0.06 0.06BS‐31 0.06 0.06VM‐34 0.03 0.03VM‐35 0.03 0.03

ADV‐14 BM‐19 0.04 0.04BS‐26 0.06 0.06BS‐27 0.06 0.06VM‐30 0.03 0.03VM‐31 0.03 0.03

ADV‐15 BM‐25 0.04 0.04BS‐36 0.06 0.06BS‐37 0.02 0.04 0.06VM‐42 0.03 0.03VM‐43 0.03 0.03

0.02 0.00 0.47 1.96 0.83 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.00 1.61 5.28

ArroyoLasPositasALP‐1 BM‐1 0.25 0.25

BM‐2 0.37 0.37BS‐1 0.23 0.23

Subtotal


Alkali

Meadow

and Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Mixed

Riparian

Forest and

Woodland

Mixed

Willow

Riparian

Scrub

Perennial

Freshwater

Marsh Pond

Riverine

Stream

Seasonal

Wetland

Sycamore

Woodland

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Total

VM‐1 0.08 2.93 0.19 3.20ALP‐2 SM‐1 2.39 2.39

VM‐2 5.83 5.83ALP‐3 BM‐3 0.12 0.12

SM‐2 13.33 13.33VM‐3 0.15 0.15

ALP‐4 BM‐4 0.14 0.14SM‐3 1.20 1.20VM‐4 2.13 2.13

ALP‐5 BM‐6 0.01 0.18 0.19SM‐4 0.73 0.73VM‐5 15.73 15.73

ALP‐6 BS‐2 0.11 0.11BS‐3 0.11 0.11BS‐4 0.11 0.11BS‐5 0.57 0.57

ALP‐7 BM‐8 0.09 0.09BS‐6 0.22 0.13 0.35BS‐7 0.40 0.09 0.49TDR‐1 0.45 0.45

ALP‐8 BS‐8 0.07 1.05 0.03 0.01 1.16ALP‐9 BM‐10 0.05 0.35 0.40ALP‐11 BM‐11 0.11 0.05 0.16

BS‐9 0.07 0.16 0.23SM‐5 0.46 0.46VM‐7 0.46 0.46TDR‐2 0.46 0.46

ALP‐12 BM‐12 0.01 0.01SM‐6 0.23 0.23TDR‐3 0.68 0.68VM‐8 0.68 0.68

ALP‐13 SM‐7 0.52 0.52TDR‐4 0.52 0.52VM‐9 0.52 0.52

ALP‐14 BM‐14 0.05 0.05SM‐8 0.21 0.21VM‐10 0.21 0.21

ALP‐15 BM‐15 0.06 0.06CRR‐1 0.00 0.00TDR‐5 0.11 0.11

ALP‐16 TDR‐6 0.43 0.43VM‐11 0.43 0.43

0.31 1.56 18.03 16.11 0.19 5.23 0.00 0.48 14.35 0.00 56.26ArroyoLasPositasTributaryALPT‐3 BM‐1 0.52 0.52

SM‐1 0.52 0.520.00 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04

ArroyoMochoAM‐1 BM‐1 0.02 0.02

BM‐2 0.09 0.09VM‐1 1.42 1.42

AM‐2 BM‐3 0.09 0.09CRR‐1 0.10 0.10VM‐2 5.77 5.77

AM‐4 BM‐4 0.17 0.17TDR‐1 0.71 0.71VM‐3 1.50 1.50VM‐4 0.12 0.50 0.62

Subtotal

Subtotal


Alkali

Meadow

and Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Mixed

Riparian

Forest and

Woodland

Mixed

Willow

Riparian

Scrub

Perennial

Freshwater

Marsh Pond

Riverine

Stream

Seasonal

Wetland

Sycamore

Woodland

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Total

AM‐5 ARTM‐1 0.64 0.64BM‐5 0.00 0.00VM‐5 3.58 3.58

AM‐6 BM‐6 0.01 0.01SM‐1 0.23 0.23

AM‐7 BM‐7 0.30 0.30VM‐6 1.03 1.03

AM‐8 VM‐7 1.66 1.66AM‐9 BM‐8 0.04 0.04AM‐10 CRR‐2 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 17.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.00 0.00 17.98ArroyoSeco

AS‐1 BS‐1 0.45 0.45AS‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.00 0.05

SM‐1 0.93 0.93VM‐1 0.99 0.99

AS‐3 BM‐2 0.01 0.18 0.19AS‐4 BM‐3 0.01 0.26 0.27

BM‐4 0.02 0.17 0.19BM‐5 0.03 0.42 0.45BM‐6 0.19 0.19

AS‐5 BM‐7 0.02 0.02AS‐7 BM‐9 0.01 0.01AS‐9 BM‐11 0.10 0.10AS‐10 BM‐12 0.01 0.01AS‐11 BM‐13 0.09 0.09

BM‐14 0.07 0.07BM‐15 0.17 0.17

AS‐12 BM‐16 0.14 0.14AS‐13 BM‐17 0.05 0.11 0.16AS‐14 BM‐18 0.18 0.18

0.00 0.00 0.61 2.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.24 0.10 0.00 4.66CollierCanyonCreekCCC‐1 BS‐1 0.19 0.19CCC‐2 BM‐1 0.00CCC‐3 SM‐1 0.00CCC‐4 VM‐1 0.00CCC‐5 BM‐2 0.00

VM‐2 0.00CCC‐6 BM‐3 0.00

BS‐2 0.07 0.07CCC‐7 BS‐3 0.30 0.30

BS‐4 0.17 0.170.00 0.00 0.37 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.73

CottonwoodCreekCC‐1 0.00CC‐2 BS‐1 0.11 0.01 0.12

BS‐2 0.15 0.00 0.15CRR‐1 0.01 0.01SM‐1 0.01 0.01VM‐1 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.21

0.00 0.00 0.36 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.49RealignedArroyoLasPositasRALP‐1 0.00RALP‐2 BM‐1 0.00RALP‐3 BM‐2 0.02 0.02

BM‐3 0.00RALP‐4 0.00

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal


Alkali

Meadow

and Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Mixed

Riparian

Forest and

Woodland

Mixed

Willow

Riparian

Scrub

Perennial

Freshwater

Marsh Pond

Riverine

Stream

Seasonal

Wetland

Sycamore

Woodland

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Total

RALP‐5 CRR‐1 0.01 0.01RALP‐6 CRR‐2 0.01 0.01

0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.041.89 4.27 24.85 38.49 1.02 5.23 0.38 2.24 16.41 1.61 96.40

SubtotalTotal

Table 6‐18. Golden Eagle Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 1 of 2

Alkali

Meadow

and Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Seasonal

Wetland

Valley Sink

Scrub Cropland Total


BS‐2 0.09 0.09VM‐1 0.76 0.05 0.81

AC‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.01 0.21 0.27BS‐3 0.00 0.00BS‐4 0.05 0.05VM‐2 0.40 0.40

AC‐4 TDR‐4 0.38 0.38TDR‐5 0.44 0.44VM‐4 0.38 0.38VM‐5 0.45 0.45


AC‐6 ARTM‐2 0.04 0.05 0.09BS‐10 0.05 0.01 0.06TDR‐8 0.39 0.60 0.99


1.12 2.69 3.93 1.65 0.66 0.00 10.05

ArroyoDelValleADV‐7 BM‐17 0.01 0.01ADV‐8 BM‐17 0.01 0.01

BS‐25 0.01 0.01VM‐29 0.01 0.01

ADV‐10 BS‐34 0.02 0.02ADV‐11 BM‐22 0.02 0.02

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Subtotal

Table 6‐18. Golden Eagle Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 2 of 2

Alkali

Meadow

and Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Seasonal

Wetland

Valley Sink

Scrub Cropland Total

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


BM‐23 0.01 0.01BS‐32 0.03 0.03BS‐33 0.03 0.03VM‐36 0.02 0.02VM‐37 0.02 0.02VM‐38 0.02 0.02VM‐39 0.06 0.06

ADV‐15 BM‐25 0.04 0.04BS‐36 0.06 0.06BS‐37 0.02 0.04 0.06VM‐42 0.03 0.03VM‐43 0.03 0.03

0.02 0.00 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49

ArroyoLasPositas

ALP‐1 VM‐1 0.08 0.08ALP‐3 SM‐2 13.33 13.33

VM‐2 0.15 0.15ALP‐4 BM‐4 0.02 0.02

SM‐3 0.24 0.24VM‐4 0.76 0.76

ALP‐5 BM‐6 0.01 0.18 0.19SM‐4 0.73 0.73VM‐5 15.73 15.73

ALP‐6 BS‐5 0.57 0.57ALP‐7 BM‐8 0.09 0.09

BS‐6 0.22 0.22BS‐7 0.40 0.40

ALP‐8 BS‐8 0.07 1.05 0.03 0.01 0.05 1.21ALP‐9 BM‐10 0.05 0.35 0.07 0.47ALP‐11 BM‐11 0.11 0.11

BS‐9 0.07 0.16 0.23ALP‐16 TDR‐6 0.43 0.43

VM‐11 0.43 0.430.31 1.56 18.03 14.35 0.12 1.02 35.391.45 4.25 22.43 16.00 0.78 1.02 45.93

SubtotalTotal

Subtotal

Table 6‐19. Tricolored Blackbird Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 1 of 1

Mixed Willow

Riparian Scrub

Perennial

Marsh

Riverine

Stream Total

ArroyoLasPositasADV‐1 BM‐2 0.08 0.08

BS‐1 0.24 0.24BS‐1 0.11 0.11SDO‐4 0.02 0.02VM‐1 0.10 0.10VM‐2 0.07 0.001 0.07VM‐3 0.23 0.23

0.85 0.00 0.001 0.85

ArroyoLasPositas

ALP‐1 BM‐1 0.25 0.25BS‐1 0.23 0.23VM‐1 0.19 0.19

ALP‐11 BM‐11 0.05 0.05SM‐5 0.46 0.46VM‐7 0.46 0.46TDR‐2 0.46 0.46

ALP‐12 BM‐12 0.01 0.01SM‐6 0.23 0.23TDR‐3 0.68 0.68VM‐8 0.68 0.68

ALP‐13 SM‐7 0.52 0.52TDR‐4 0.52 0.52VM‐9 0.52 0.52

ALP‐14 BM‐14 0.05 0.05SM‐8 0.21 0.21VM‐10 0.21 0.21

ALP‐15 BM‐15 0.06 0.06CRR‐1 0.00 0.00TDR‐5 0.11 0.11

0.19 5.23 0.48 5.90ArroyoMochoAM‐1 BM‐1 0.02 0.02AM‐4 VM‐4 0.50 0.50AM‐10 CRR‐1 0.002 0.002

0.00 0.00 0.52 0.521.04 5.23 1.00 7.28

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Subtotal

Subtotal

SubtotalTotal

Table 6‐20. Western Burrowing Owl Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 1 of 3

Alkali

Meadows and

Scalds

California

Annual

Grassland

Valley Sink

Scrub Total


BS‐2 0.09 0.09VM‐1 0.76 0.76

AC‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.21 0.26BS‐3 0.00 0.00BS‐4 0.05 0.05VM‐2 0.40 0.40VM‐3 0.21 0.21

AC‐5 ARTM‐1 0.11 0.11BS‐6 0.01 0.01BS‐7 0.02 0.02BS‐8 0.01 0.01BS‐9 0.01 0.01TDR‐6 0.01 0.01TDR‐7 0.89 0.89VM‐6 0.06 0.06VM‐7 0.02 0.02VM‐8 0.03 0.03VM‐9 0.66 0.66VM‐10 0.04 0.04

AC‐6 ARTM‐2 0.05 0.05BS‐10 0.01 0.01TDR‐8 0.60 0.60


1.12 3.93 0.87 5.92AltamontCreekTributaryACT‐2 BM‐2 0.15 0.15

VM‐3 0.07 0.07VM‐4 0.37 0.37

0.44 0.00 0.15 0.59ArroyoDelValleADV‐7 BM‐17 0.01 0.01ADV‐8 BM‐17 0.01 0.01

BS‐25 0.01 0.01VM‐29 0.01 0.01

ADV‐10 BM‐34 0.02 0.02BM‐22 0.02 0.02

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Subtotal

Subtotal


Alkali

Meadows and

Scalds

California

Annual

Grassland

Valley Sink

Scrub Total

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


BM‐23 0.01 0.01ADV‐11 BS‐32 0.03 0.03

BS‐33 0.03 0.03VM‐36 0.02 0.02VM‐37 0.02 0.02VM‐38 0.02 0.02VM‐39 0.06 0.06

ADV‐15 BM‐25 0.04 0.04BS‐23 0.06 0.06BS‐37 0.02 0.04 0.06VM‐42 0.03 0.03VM‐43 0.03 0.03

0.02 0.47 0.00 0.49

ArroyoLasPositas

ALP‐1 VM‐1 0.08 0.08ALP‐5 BM‐6 0.01 0.18 0.19

SM‐4 0.73 0.73VM‐5 15.73 15.73

ALP‐6 BS‐5 0.57 0.57ALP‐7 BM‐8 0.09 0.09

BS‐6 0.22 0.22BS‐7 0.40 0.40

ALP‐8 BS‐8 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.15ALP‐9 BM‐10 0.05 0.07 0.12ALP‐11 BM‐11 0.11 0.11

BS‐9 0.07 0.07ALP‐12 VM‐8 0.68 0.68

0.31 18.71 0.12 19.14ArroyoLasPositasTributaryALPT‐3 BM‐1 0.52 0.52

SM‐1 0.52 0.520.00 1.04 0.00 1.04

ArroyoSecoAS‐1 BS‐1 0.45 0.45AS‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.05AS‐4 BM‐3 0.01 0.01

BM‐4 0.02 0.02BM‐5 0.03 0.03

AS‐13 BM‐17 0.05 0.050.00 0.61 0.00 0.61

CollierCanyonCreekCCC‐6 BS‐2 0.07 0.07CCC‐7 BS‐3 0.30 0.30

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal


Alkali

Meadows and

Scalds

California

Annual

Grassland

Valley Sink

Scrub Total

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


0.00 0.37 0.00 0.37CottonwoodCreek

CC‐2 BS‐1 0.11 0.11BS‐2 0.15 0.15CRR‐1 0.01 0.01SM‐1 0.01 0.01VM‐1 0.09 0.09

0.00 0.36 0.00 0.36RealignedArroyoLasPositasRALP‐3 BM‐2 0.02 0.02RALP‐5 CRR‐1 0.01 0.01RALP‐6 CRR‐2 0.01 0.01

0.00 0.04 0.00 0.041.89 25.53 1.14 28.56Total

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Table 6‐21. American Badger Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 1 of 4

Reach Name

Maintenance Activity

Alkali Meadows and Scalds

California Annual Grassland

Sycamore Alluvial Woodland

Valley Sink Scrub Cropland Ruderal

Rural Residential Total

AC‐1 BS‐1 0.06 0.06BS‐2 0.09 0.09VM‐1 0.76 0.76

AC‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.21 0.26BS‐3 0.00 0.00BS‐4 0.05 0.05VM‐2 0.40 0.40VM‐3 0.21 0.21


AC‐6 ARTM‐2 0.05 0.05BS‐10 0.01 0.01TDR‐8 0.60 0.60


1.13 3.95 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.95Altamont Creek TributaryACT‐2 BM‐2 0.15 0.15

VM‐3 0.07 0.07VM‐4 0.37 0.37

0.44 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59Arroyo Del ValleADV‐1 Access 0.01 0.01

BS‐1 0.01 0.01BS‐1 0.06 0.06SDO‐3 0.02 0.02VM‐1 0.05 0.05VM‐2 0.06 0.06

ADV‐2 BM‐2 0.09 0.09BM‐3 0.04 0.04BM‐4 0.04 0.04BM‐5 0.09 0.09BM‐6 0.04 0.04BS‐3 0.06 0.06BS‐4 0.06 0.06BS‐5 0.06 0.06BS‐6 0.06 0.06BS‐7 0.06 0.06SDO‐1 0.02 0.02SDO‐2 0.02 0.02SM‐1 0.06 0.06


Altamont Creek

Subtotal

Subtotal


Reach Name








Staging Area 0.01 0.01VM‐10 0.03 0.03VM‐4 0.03 0.03VM‐5 0.03 0.03VM‐6 0.03 0.03VM‐7 0.03 0.03VM‐8 0.05 0.05

ADV‐3 Access 0.02 0.02BM‐7 0.17 0.17BS‐8 0.06 0.06BS‐9 0.11 0.11

Staging Area 0.02 0.02Staging Area 0.01 0.01

VM‐11 0.03 0.03VM‐9 0.05 0.05

ADV‐4 BM‐8 0.09 0.09SM‐2 0.14 0.14

Staging Area 0.01 0.01ADV‐5 Access 0.07 0.07

BM‐10 0.04 0.04BM‐11 0.04 0.04BM‐12 0.03 0.03BM‐9 0.04 0.04BS‐10 0.06 0.06BS‐11 0.06 0.06BS12 0.06 0.06BS‐13 0.06 0.06BS‐14 0.06 0.06BS‐15 0.06 0.06BS‐16 0.06 0.06BS‐17 0.06 0.06BS‐18 0.12 0.12SM‐3 0.09 0.09

Staging Area 0.01 0.01VM‐12 0.03 0.03VM‐13 0.03 0.03VM‐14 0.03 0.03VM‐15 0.03 0.03VM‐16 0.14 0.14VM‐17 0.03 0.03VM‐18 0.03 0.03VM‐19 0.14 0.14VM‐20 0.03 0.03

ADV‐6 BM‐12 0.00 0.00BM‐13 0.03 0.03BS‐18 0.00 0.00BS‐19 0.01 0.01BS‐20 0.06 0.06BS‐21 0.06 0.06VM‐21 0.01 0.01VM‐22 0.38 0.38VM‐23 0.02 0.02VM‐24 0.03 0.03

ADV‐7 BM‐17 0.01 0.01ADV‐8 BM‐17 0.01 0.01

BM‐25 0.01 0.01VM‐29 0.01 0.01


Reach Name








ADV‐10 BS‐34 0.02 0.02ADV‐11 BM‐22 0.02 0.02

BM‐33 0.01 0.01BS‐32 0.03 0.03BS‐33 0.03 0.03VM‐36 0.02 0.02VM‐37 0.02 0.02VM‐38 0.02 0.02VM‐39 0.06 0.06

ADV‐15 BM‐25 0.04 0.04BS‐36 0.06 0.06BS‐37 0.02 0.04 0.06VM‐42 0.03 0.03VM‐43 0.03 0.03

0.02 0.49 3.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 4.35Arroyo Las PositasALP‐1 BM‐1 0.06 0.06

BM‐2 0.14 0.14VM‐1 0.08 0.07 0.15

ALP‐4 BM‐4 0.02 0.46 0.48SM‐3 0.24 0.24VM‐4 0.76 0.76

ALP‐5 BM‐6 0.01 0.18 0.19SM‐4 0.73 0.73VM‐5 15.73 15.73

ALP‐6 BS‐5 0.57 0.57ALP‐7 BM‐8 0.09 0.09

BS‐6 0.22 0.22BS‐7 0.40 0.40


BS‐9 0.07 0.070.31 18.04 0.00 0.12 1.02 0.73 0.00 20.22

Arroyo Las Positas TributaryALPT‐3 BM‐1 0.52 0.52

SM‐1 0.52 0.520.00 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04

Arroyo MochoAM‐1 BM‐1 0.01 0.01

SDO‐1 0.02 0.020.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03

Arroyo SecoAS‐1 BS‐1 0.45 0.45AS‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.05AS‐4 BM‐3 0.01 0.01

BM‐4 0.02 0.02BM‐5 0.03 0.03

AS‐9 BM‐11 0.01 0.01AS‐10 BM‐12 0.01 0.01AS‐13 BM‐17 0.05 0.07 0.12

0.00 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.71Cottonwood Creek

CC‐2 BS‐1 0.11 0.11BS‐2 0.15 0.15CRR‐1 0.01 0.01SM‐1 0.01 0.01

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal


Reach Name








VM‐1 0.09 0.090.00 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36

Realigned Arroyo Las PositasRALP‐3 BM‐2 0.02 0.01 0.03RALP‐5 CRR‐1 0.01 0.01RALP‐6 CRR‐2 0.01 0.01

0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.051.90 24.54 3.63 1.15 1.02 0.86 0.21 33.31Total

Subtotal

Subtotal

Table 6‐22. San Joaquin Kit Fox Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 1 of 2

ReachName

MaintenanceActivity

AlkaliMeadowsandScalds

CaliforniaAnnualGrassland

ValleySinkScrub Total


BS‐2 0.09 0.09VM‐1 0.76 0.76

AC‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.21 0.26BS‐3 0.00 0.00BS‐4 0.05 0.05VM‐2 0.40 0.40VM‐3 0.21 0.21


AC‐6 ARTM‐2 0.05 0.05BS‐10 0.01 0.01TDR‐8 0.60 0.60


1.13 3.95 0.88 5.95AltamontCreekTributaryACT‐2 BM‐2 0.15 0.15

VM‐3 0.07 0.07VM‐4 0.37 0.37

0.44 0.00 0.15 0.59ArroyoLasPositasALP‐1 VM‐1 0.08 0.08ALP‐5 BM‐6 0.01 0.18 0.19

SM‐4 0.73 0.73VM‐5 15.73 15.73

ALP‐6 BS‐5 0.57 0.57

LandCoverTypeImpacts(acres)

Subtotal

Subtotal

Table 6‐22. San Joaquin Kit Fox Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 2 of 2

ReachName

MaintenanceActivity

AlkaliMeadowsandScalds

CaliforniaAnnualGrassland

ValleySinkScrub Total

LandCoverTypeImpacts(acres)

ALP‐7 BM‐8 0.09 0.09BS‐6 0.22 0.22BS‐7 0.40 0.40


BS‐9 0.07 0.07ALP‐12 VM‐8 0.68 0.68

0.31 18.72 0.12 19.15ArroyoLasPositasTributaryALPT‐3 BM‐1 0.52 0.52

SM‐1 0.52 0.520.00 1.04 0.00 1.04

ArroyoSecoAS‐1 BS‐1 0.45 0.45AS‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.05AS‐4 BM‐3 0.01 0.01

BM‐4 0.02 0.02BM‐5 0.03 0.03

AS‐13 BM‐17 0.05 0.050.00 0.62 0.00 0.62

CottonwoodCreekCC‐2 BS‐1 0.11 0.11

BS‐2 0.15 0.15CRR‐1 0.01 0.01SM‐1 0.01 0.01VM‐1 0.09 0.09

0.00 0.36 0.00 0.36RealignedArroyoLasPositasRALP‐3 BM‐2 0.02 0.02RALP‐5 CRR‐1 0.01 0.01RALP‐6 CRR‐2 0.01 0.01

0.00 0.04 0.00 0.040.75 20.78 0.27 21.80

Subtotal

SubtotalTotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Table 6‐23. Plant Maintenance Activity Impacts Page 1 of 5

Alkali

Meadow and

Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Seasonal

Wetland

Riverine

Stream

Valley Sink

Scrub Total


BS‐2 0.09 0.09VM‐1 0.76 0.05 0.81

AC‐2 BM‐1 0.05 0.01 0.21 0.27BS‐3 0.01 0.01BS‐4 0.05 0.05VM‐2 0.40 0.40VM‐3 0.00SDO‐1 0.02 0.02SDO‐2 0.02 0.02SDO‐4 0.02 0.02

StagingArea 0.31 0.31AC‐4 TDR‐4 0.00

TDR‐5 0.00VM‐4 0.38 0.38VM‐5 0.45 0.45

AC‐5 ARTM‐1 0.00BM‐3 0.00BS‐5 0.00BS‐6 0.00BS‐7 0.00BS‐8 0.00BS‐9 0.00TDR‐6 0.00TDR‐7 0.00VM‐6 0.00VM‐7 0.00VM‐8 0.00VM‐9 0.00VM‐10 0.00

AC‐6 ARTM‐2 0.00BS‐10 0.00TDR‐8 0.00VM‐11 0.00

AC‐7 BM‐4 0.15 0.15BS‐11 0.11 0.11BS‐12 0.11 0.11BS‐13 0.11 0.11BS‐14 0.23 0.23BS‐15 0.23 0.23VM‐12 0.00

0.96 0.06 0.94 0.83 0.00 1.04 3.83AltamontCreekTributaryACT‐1 BS‐1 0.00

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


Subtotal


Alkali

Meadow and

Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Seasonal

Wetland

Riverine

Stream

Valley Sink

Scrub Total

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


VM‐1 0.07 0.07VM‐2 0.00

ACT‐2 BM‐1 0.00BM‐2 0.01 0.01VM‐3 0.07 0.07VM‐4 0.37 0.01 0.38

0.44 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.53ArroyoDelValleADV‐2 VM‐2 0.00 0.00ADV‐2 BM‐2 0.00

BM‐3 0.00BS‐3 0.00

ADV‐3 BS‐4 0.00ADV‐4 BS‐5 0.00

BS‐6 0.00ADV‐5 BS‐7 0.00ADV‐1 VM‐2 0.00 0.00ADV‐2 BM‐2 0.00

BM‐3 0.00BS‐3 0.00

ADV‐3 BS‐4 0.00ADV‐4 BS‐5 0.00

BS‐6 0.00ADV‐5 BS‐7 0.00

BS‐8 0.00ADV‐7 BM‐17 0.01 0.01ADV‐8 BM‐17 0.01 0.01

BS‐25 0.01 0.01VM‐29 0.01 0.01

ADV‐10 BM‐34 0.02 0.02BM‐22 0.02 0.02BM‐23 0.01 0.01

ADV‐11 BS‐32 0.03 0.03BS‐33 0.03 0.03VM‐36 0.02 0.02VM‐37 0.02 0.02VM‐38 0.02 0.02VM‐39 0.06 0.06

ADV‐15 BM‐25 0.04 0.04BS‐23 0.06 0.06BS‐37 0.02 0.04 0.06VM‐42 0.03 0.03VM‐43 0.03 0.03

0.02 0.00 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49ArroyoLasPositas

Subtotal

Subtotal


Alkali

Meadow and

Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Seasonal

Wetland

Riverine

Stream

Valley Sink

Scrub Total

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


ALP‐1 BM‐1 0.25 0.25BM‐2 0.00BS‐1 0.23 0.23VM‐1 0.08 0.08

ALP‐5 BM‐5 0.00BM‐6 0.01 0.18 0.19SM‐4 0.73 0.73VM‐5 15.73 15.73

ALP‐7 BM‐8 0.09 0.09BS‐6 0.22 0.22BS‐7 0.40 0.40TDR‐2 0.00

ALP‐8 BM‐9 0.00BM‐7 0.07 0.07BS‐8 0.07 1.05 0.03 0.01 0.05 1.21

SDO‐27 0.01 0.01StagingArea 0.01 0.01

ALP‐9 BM‐10 0.05 0.35 0.40ALP‐10 ARTM‐1 0.00

VM‐6 0.00ALP‐11 BM‐11 0.11 0.11

BS‐9 0.07 0.16 0.23SM‐5 0.00VM‐7 0.00

ALP‐12 BM‐12 0.00SM‐6 0.00TDR‐3 0.00VM‐8 0.00

ALP‐13 BM‐13 0.00SM‐7 0.00TDR‐4 0.00VM‐9 0.00

ALP‐14 BM‐14 0.00SM‐8 0.00VM‐10 0.00

ALP‐15 BM‐15 0.00CRR‐1 0.00TDR‐5 0.00

ALP‐16 BM‐16 0.00TDR‐6 0.00VM‐11 0.43 0.43

0.31 1.56 17.46 0.44 0.48 0.14 20.39ArroyoLasPositasTributaryALPT‐1 0.00ALPT‐2 0.00

Subtotal


Alkali

Meadow and

Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Seasonal

Wetland

Riverine

Stream

Valley Sink

Scrub Total

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


ALPT‐3 BM‐1 0.52 0.52SM‐1 0.52 0.52

0.00 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04ArroyoMochoAM‐6 BM‐7 0.00

SM‐1 0.00AM‐7 ARTM‐2 0.00

BM‐8 0.00AM‐8 ARTM‐3 0.00

VM‐6 0.00AM‐10 CRR‐1 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00ArroyoSeco

AS‐1 BS‐1 0.45 0.45AS‐4 BM‐3 0.01 0.26 0.27

BM‐4 0.02 0.17 0.19BM‐5 0.03 0.42 0.45BM‐6 0.19 0.19

AS‐8 BM‐10 0.00AS‐11 BM‐13 0.00

BM‐14 0.00BM‐15 0.00

AS‐12 BM‐16 0.00AS‐13 BM‐17 0.05 0.05AS‐14 BM‐18 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.56 0.00 1.04 0.00 1.60CollierCanyonCreekCCC‐3 SM‐1 0.00CCC‐6 BM‐3 0.00

BS‐2 0.07 0.07CCC‐7 BS‐3 0.30 0.30

BS‐4 0.000.00 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37

CottonwoodCreekCC‐1 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00RealignedArroyoLasPositasRALP‐1 0.00RALP‐4 0.00RALP‐5 CRR‐1 0.01 0.01RALP‐6 CRR‐2 0.01 0.01

0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02Basins

BS‐1 0.09 0.09SDO‐1 0.04 0.04

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal

Subtotal


Alkali

Meadow and

Scalds

Alkali

Wetland

California

Annual

Grassland

Seasonal

Wetland

Riverine

Stream

Valley Sink

Scrub Total

Reach

Name

Maintenance

Activity


VM‐1 0.07 0.070.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.201.73 1.64 20.86 1.34 1.52 1.38 28.47

SubtotalTotal

Table 6‐24: Summary of Maintenance Activity Impacts By Creek or Channel Page 1 of 2

Creek or

Channel Name

Activity

Type Alk

ali

Mea

do

w a

nd

Sca

lds

Alk

ali

Wet

lan

d

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ua

l

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipa

ria

n F

ore

st

an

d W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

ari

an S

cru

b

Per

enn

ial F

resh

wa

ter

Ma

rsh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e S

tre

am

Sea

son

al W

etla

nd

Syca

mo

re A

llu

vial

Wo

od

lan

d

Va

lley S

ink

Scru

b

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rba

n

Pa

rk

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

enti

al

Urb

an ‐ S

ub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Gra

nd T

ota

l

1.12 2.69 3.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.65 0.00 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.05 0.00 13.10ARTM ‐ 0.04 0.16 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.00 ‐ 0.20BM 0.05 0.01 0.15 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.21 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.53 ‐ 0.95BS 0.19 0.24 0.81 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.05 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.13 ‐ 1.43SDO ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.00TDR 0.01 0.98 1.49 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.82 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 1.10 ‐ 4.40VM 0.87 1.42 1.32 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.83 ‐ 0.40 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 1.28 ‐ 6.12

0.44 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.29 0.00 1.97BM ‐ 0.01 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.15 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.26 ‐ 0.42BS ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.06 ‐ 0.06VM 0.44 0.01 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.07 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.97 ‐ 1.49

0.02 0.00 0.47 0.19 1.96 0.85 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.00 3.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.22 0.00 7.93Acess ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.09 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.01 ‐ ‐ 0.10BM ‐ ‐ 0.09 0.04 0.26 0.08 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.74 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.19 ‐ 1.40BS 0.02 ‐ 0.19 0.10 0.76 0.35 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 1.20 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.07 ‐ ‐ 2.69SDO ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.02 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.04 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.02 ‐ ‐ 0.08SM ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.29 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.29StagingArea‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.06 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.06VM ‐ ‐ 0.19 0.05 0.94 0.40 ‐ 0.38 0.00 ‐ 1.21 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.11 0.03 ‐ 3.31

0.31 1.56 18.03 0.00 16.11 0.19 5.23 0.00 0.48 14.35 0.00 0.12 1.02 0.78 0.27 0.00 3.87 0.00 62.33BM 0.17 0.35 0.27 ‐ 0.63 ‐ 0.17 ‐ 0.25 ‐ ‐ 0.07 0.02 0.20 0.20 ‐ 3.00 ‐ 5.33BS 0.14 1.21 1.22 ‐ 0.55 ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.23 0.01 ‐ 0.05 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 3.41CRR ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.00SDO ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.00SM ‐ ‐ 0.73 ‐ 3.59 ‐ 1.42 ‐ ‐ 13.33 ‐ ‐ 0.24 0.06 ‐ ‐ 0.70 ‐ 20.07TDR ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.45 ‐ 1.77 ‐ ‐ 0.43 ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.00 ‐ 0.00 0.11 ‐ 2.76VM ‐ ‐ 15.81 ‐ 10.89 0.19 1.87 ‐ ‐ 0.58 ‐ ‐ 0.76 0.52 0.07 0.00 0.07 ‐ 30.76

0.00 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04BM 0.52 0.52SM 0.52 0.52

0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 18.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.03 0.00 2.34 0.06 22.03ARTM ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.64 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.06 ‐ 0.70BM ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.74 ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.02 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.01 0.01 ‐ 1.23 ‐ 2.01CRR ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.11 0.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.02 ‐ 0.13SDO ‐ ‐ 0.02 ‐ 0.49 ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.17 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.05 0.02 ‐ 0.07 0.05 0.88SM ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.96 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.01 ‐ ‐ 0.81 ‐ 1.78StagingArea‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.01 0.01TDR ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.71 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.01 ‐ 0.72VM ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 15.08 ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.50 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.08 ‐ ‐ 0.14 ‐ 15.80

0.00 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.00 2.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.28 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 3.46 8.26BM 0.16 0.79 1.24 0.10 0.09 2.75 5.13


Altamont Creek

Altamont Creek

Tributary

Arroyo Del

Valle

Arroyo Las

Positas

Arroyo Las

Positas

Tributary

Arroyo Mocho

Arroyo Seco

Table 6‐24: Summary of Maintenance Activity Impacts By Creek or Channel Page 2 of 2

Creek or

Channel Name

Activity

Type Alk

ali

Mea

do

w a

nd

Sca

lds

Alk

ali

Wet

lan

d

Cal

ifo

rnia A

nn

ua

l

Gra

ssla

nd

Mix

ed E

verg

ree

n

Fore

st / O

ak

Wo

od

lan

d

Mix

ed R

ipa

ria

n F

ore

st

an

d W

oo

dla

nd

Mix

ed W

illo

w

Rip

ari

an S

cru

b

Per

enn

ial F

resh

wa

ter

Ma

rsh

Po

nd

Riv

erin

e S

tre

am

Sea

son

al W

etla

nd

Syca

mo

re A

llu

vial

Wo

od

lan

d

Va

lley S

ink

Scru

b

Cro

pla

nd

Go

lf C

ou

rse

/ U

rba

n

Pa

rk

Ru

der

al

Ru

ral R

esid

enti

al

Urb

an ‐ S

ub

urb

an

Vin

eya

rd

Gra

nd T

ota

l


BS 0.45 0.45SDO 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.07SM 0.93 0.68 1.61VM 0.99 0.01 1.00

0.00 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.00 1.83 0.00 3.05BS ‐ ‐ 0.37 ‐ 0.17 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.19 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.11 ‐ 0.84BM ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 1.12 ‐ 1.12SM ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.49 ‐ ‐ 0.03 ‐ 0.52VM ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.57 ‐ 0.57

0.00 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50BS 0.26 0.01 0.27CRR 0.01 0.01SM 0.01 0.01VM 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.21

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.17BM 0.03 0.03CRR 0.00 0.06 0.06TDR 0.08 0.08

0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 1.18 0.00 1.23BM 0.02 0.01 1.18 1.21CRR 0.02 0.02

0.03 0.02 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 1.52BS 0.02 0.01 0.53 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.04 ‐ 0.01 ‐ 0.09 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.04 ‐ 0.74SDO ‐ ‐ 0.05 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.01 ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.01 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.01 ‐ 0.08VM 0.01 0.01 0.52 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.06 ‐ 0.01 0.07 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0.02 ‐ 0.70

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.36VM 0.25 0.11 0.36

Access 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.10ARTM 0.00 0.04 0.16 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.90BM 0.22 0.37 1.21 0.04 1.63 0.87 0.17 0.00 0.27 1.24 0.84 0.43 0.02 0.21 0.22 0.09 7.54 2.75 18.11BS 0.37 1.46 3.83 0.10 1.49 0.35 0.00 0.04 0.23 0.21 1.20 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.35 0.00 9.89CRR 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.23SDO 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.49 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.17 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.07 1.11SM 0.00 0.00 1.26 0.00 4.55 0.93 1.42 0.00 0.00 13.33 0.29 0.00 0.24 0.56 0.00 0.00 1.54 0.68 24.80StagingArea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.07TDR 0.01 0.98 1.49 0.00 1.16 0.00 1.77 0.00 0.00 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.30 0.00 7.96VM 1.32 1.44 17.93 0.05 26.98 1.58 1.87 0.44 0.50 1.54 1.28 0.40 0.76 0.61 0.32 0.22 3.08 0.01 60.33

Grand Total 1.92 4.29 25.98 0.19 37.06 3.76 5.23 0.49 1.17 17.61 3.80 1.03 1.02 1.42 0.56 0.41 14.03 3.52 123.49

All Creeks/

Channels

Combined

Realigned

Arroyo Las

Positas

Collier Canyon

Creek

Bear Creek

Basins

Granada

Channel

Cottonwood

Creek

Ravenswood

Drainage


7‐1 April 2015

ICF 00337.12

Chapter 7 Impact Reduction and Minimization

7.1 Introduction ThischapterpresentstheSMP’simpactreductionandminimizationmeasuresandBMPs.ThesemeasureswereidentifiedanddevelopedtoprotectthenaturalresourcesandtheBeneficialUsesofthecreeksandchannelswithintheSMPArea.ThemeasuresidentifiedanddescribedinthischapteraretobeappliedtotheprogrammaintenanceactivitiesofChapter5.Takentogether,thepre‐maintenanceplanningmeasuresdescribedinChapter4andthemaintenanceactivitybasedmeasuresdescribedinthischapterprovideacomprehensiveapproachtoavoidingandminimizingprogramimpacts.Chapter8,ProgramMitigation,willaddressthemitigationofresidualimpactsthatarenotadequatelyavoidedorminimizedthroughtheapproachesdescribedinChapters4through7.

Thischapterisorganizedaroundthreeessentialtables:Tables7‐1,7‐2,and7‐3,locatedattheendofthechapter.Table7‐1presentsprogram‐wideBMPsaccordingtothefollowingtopics:

Generalimpactavoidanceandminimization

Airquality

Biologicalresources(includingspecies‐specificmeasures)

Culturalresources

Constructionandseismicity

Hazardousmaterialssafety

Vegetationmanagement

Waterqualityandcreek/channelprotection

Goodneighborpolicies

Table7‐2indicateswhichBMPsfromTable7‐1areapplicabletotheprogramactivitiesdescribedinChapter5.Forexample,BMPsforcreekandchanneldewatering(BMPBR‐4inTable7‐1)applytosedimentremovalandbankstabilizationactivities,butnottotreeremovalormowingactivities.

ManyoftheBMPsinTable7‐1aimtoavoidorreduceimpactstosensitivewildlifeandplantspeciesandtheirsupportinghabitats.Table7‐3listsallofthecreekandchannelreachesintheSMPArea,andindicatesthepotentialforfederalorstatelistedspeciesbasedonpriorCNDDBorothersurveyrecords(orthepresenceofsuitablehabitatforthelistedspecies).

Insum,thesethreetablesdescribewhattheavoidanceandminimizationpracticesare(Table7‐1),whichBMPsapplytowhichprogramactivities(Table7‐2),andwhatisthestatusoffederallyorstatelistedspeciesintheprogramreaches(Table7‐3).TheSMPManagerwillusethesethreetablesiterativelythroughoutprogramoperationstoidentifytheappropriateprotectivemeasuresbasedonthenatureoftheplannedmaintenanceactivity,andtheresourcesfoundinthereachwheretheactivitywilloccur.

City of Livermore Impact Reduction and Minimization


7‐2 April 2015

ICF 00337.12

7.2 Program‐wide Best Management Practices ThefollowingtextsectionsprovideasummaryoftheavoidanceandminimizationmeasuresandBMPsfortheresourcetopicslistedaboveandpresentedinTable7‐1.Foreachresourcetopic,thekeyenvironmentalconcernsaredescribedandtheobjectivesoftheprotectivemeasuresarepresented.Ifrelevant,additionalinformationontheregulatorycontextorspecificregulatoryrequirementsforthemeasuresisprovided.Table7‐1shouldbereferencedforspecificdetails.

7.2.1 General Avoidance and Minimization Measures

Creekandchannelmaintenanceactivitiesoccurringduringtherainyseasoncanresultinpotentialenvironmentimpacts,particularlytoaquatichabitats.Potentialimpactscouldincludeerosionfromstockpiledsedimentsorpollutantsfromworkequipmententeringthecreek.Topreventsuchwetseasonimpacts,allSMPmaintenanceactivitiesshalloccurduringthedryseasonwhenrainandflowsareminimized.BMPGEN‐1,WorkWindow,definestheperiodofseasonalworkactivityfortheSMPfromMay1sttoOctober31st.Inyearsthataredry,theCitymayrequestworkbeauthorizedbytheregulatoryagenciestobeginearlierthanMay1standextendpastOctober31st(usuallynotlongerthananextratwoweeksoneitherend)subjecttoagencyapproval.Maintenanceactivitieswillbelimitedtobetween7:00a.m.and8:00p.m.RoutinemaintenanceactivitiesinresidentialareaswillnotoccuronSaturdays,Sundays,orCityobservedstateholidaysexceptduringemergencies,orwithadvancenotificationofsurroundingresidents(weekendorholidayworkwouldbelimitedtobetween9:00a.m.and3:00p.m.).Additionally,thestagingandstockpilingofmaintenanceequipmentandmaterialswillberestricted,monitored,andmaintainedtopreventtransportofwashwatercontainingsedimentorhazardouschemicalstostormdrains,creeks,orsurroundingproperties.

InaccordancewiththeMaintenancePrinciplespresentedinChapter4,BMPswerealsodevelopedtoensurethatmaintenanceactivitieswouldbeconductedtoprotectandenhanceexistinghabitat‐supportingcharacteristicsofthestreamsystem.Whenheavyequipmentmustaccesssensitiveareasofthecreek,suchasthecreekbedandbanks,measureswillbetakentoavoidharmtotreesandcompactionofsoilandtheareawillbestabilizedandrestoredaftermaintenanceiscomplete.DetailsofthesemeasuresareprovidedinTable7‐1.

TheimpactavoidanceandminimizationmeasuresprovidedinTable7‐1arebasedonconditionsrequiredinatypicalSWPPP.TheseconditionsarerequiredforconstructionactivitiesconductedunderthestatewideNPDESConstructionGeneralPermit.SWMPsarerequiredbycurrentmunicipalNPDESpermitsintheCountyforoperationsactivities.SMPmaintenanceactivitiesarenotdirectlyrequiredtocomplywithconditionsofNPDESstormwaterpermits;however,implementationofSMPmaintenanceactivitieswouldbeconsistentwithrequirementsofthepermitsandmanagementplans.

7.2.2 Air Quality Protection

AllactivitiesconductedunderthisSMPwillcomplywithpertinentrequirementsoffederal,state,andlocalenvironmentallawsandregulationsforairquality,including,butnotlimitedto,thefederalCleanAirActandstateandlocalairpollutionordinances.Anyactivitythatentailsearthworkand/orconstructionmustimplementdustcontrolmeasures,asrequiredbytheBayAreaAirQualityManagementDistrict(BAAQMD).TheBAAQMD’sBasicConstructionMitigationMeasures(BayArea



7‐3 April 2015

ICF 00337.12

AirQualityManagementDistrict2012)andAdditionalConstructionMitigationMeasures(BayAreaAirQualityManagementDistrict2012)willbeimplementedforallstreammaintenanceactivities(BMPsAQ‐1andAQ‐2).

7.2.3 Biological Resources Protection

Alargenumberofmaintenanceactivitieswouldbeconductedinareaswhicharenaturalorsemi‐natural,andthereforetheseactivitiescoulddirectlydisturbbiologicalresources.TheprimarymaintenanceactivitiesoftheSMParesedimentandvegetationremovalfromcreeksandchannelsthatprovidehabitatforavarietyofspecies,includingfocalspecieswhichareprotectedunderfederalandstateregulations.Implementationofground‐disturbingmaintenanceduringthedryseason,asprescribedbyBMPGEN‐1,WorkWindow,willassistinminimizingimpactstoaquaticbiologicalresources.AsshowninTable7‐1,additionalmeasuresweredevelopedtominimizedisturbancetobiologicalresourcesincludingthetrainingofmaintenancepersonneltoidentifyandprotectfocalspeciesandproperimplementationofdewateringactivities.

ActivitiesconductedunderthisSMPwillcomplywithapplicablefederal,state,andlocallawsandpoliciesthatprotectbiologicalresources,includingbutnotlimitedtotheESA,MBTA,CESA,CEQA,andtheCFGC.CompliancewiththeseregulationswillbemetthroughtheprogrammaticpermittingfortheSMPandtheSMPIS/MND.ThisincludescompliancewithtermsandconditionsoftheUSFWSBOissuedfortheSMPforfederallyprotectedspecies,andaConsistencyDeterminationorSection2081IncidentalTakePermitfromCDFW.

AsintroducedinChapter1andfurtherdiscussedinChapter4,theSMPManualwasdevelopedtoincludeafundamentalappreciationforbiologicalresourceswithinthefloodcontrolcreeksandchannelswithintheSMPArea.TheSMPmaintenanceapproachconsiderstheecologicalhealthofthecreeksandchannelsandthelinkbetweenmaintenanceandtheopportunitiestoimproveorenhancehabitats.Tosupportthisconnection,programmaticBMPsweredeveloped,aswereactivity‐specificBMPs.Table7‐1identifiesspecificBMPsthatareintendedtosupportandensurecompliance,aswellassupporttheecologicalhealthofmaintainedcreeksandchannels.

Table7‐2identifieswhichBMPsshouldbeimplementedaccordingtoSMPactivitytype.Table7‐3identifiesthefish,wildlife,andplantspeciesoftheSMPAreaandshowsinwhichSMPmaintenancereachesthesespeciesmayoccur.BasedonpossibleoccurrenceofspeciesasshowninTable7‐3,thespecies‐specificBMPsidentifiedinTable7‐1willbeappliedwhenconductingmaintenanceactivitiesinthosereaches.

7.2.4 Cultural Resources Protection

HistoricpropertiesdooccuralongstretchesofthecreeksandchannelsintheSMPArea.Activitiesthatrequiredisturbanceorcompactionofnativesoilscoulddisturbordamageburiedresources,ifanyarepresent.Consequently,ground‐disturbingactivitiesconductedunderthisSMPmustcomplywithfederal,state,andlocallawsandpoliciesprotectingculturalresourcesandhumanremains,includingbutnotlimitedtotheNHPA,NativeAmericanGravesProtectionandRepatriationAct,andthePA.TheCitywillalsoensurecompliancewithlawsregardingthetreatmentofNativeAmericanremains.PursuanttoSection5097ofthePRC,NativeAmericanburialsareunderthejurisdictionoftheNativeAmericanHeritageCommission(NAHC)andthetreatmentofanynativeremainswillbecoordinatedwiththisagency.



7‐4 April 2015

ICF 00337.12

CompliancewiththeseregulationswillbemetthroughtheprogrammaticpermittingfortheSMP.BackgroundrecordssearchesandNAHCconsultationoutreachhavebeenconductedinsupportoffutureculturalresourceinventoriesassociatedwithannualmaintenanceactivities,whichidentifiesknownculturalresourcesintheSMPArea.Thestatusofsensitiveculturalresourcesfortheplannedprojectsitesorreacheswillbeconfirmedbytheprogrammanagerpriortoanyworkoccurring.

AlthoughtheculturalresourcesinventorywillprovidetheCitywithinformationonknownculturalresources,itispossiblethatundiscoveredculturalorpaleontologicalresourcemaybepresentintheSMPArea.Therefore,Tables7‐1and7‐2identifyprogrammaticBMPsthatwillbeappliedtoground‐disturbingactivitiesundertakenthroughimplementationoftheSMPtoidentifypotentialresourcesthatarecurrentlyunknown.Additionally,becausesomeofthemaintenancesitesmaynothavebeensurveyedordisturbedforoverfiveyears,andnewdiscoveriesmayhavesurfacedduringthattime,aBMPisincludedtoconductaculturalresourcesassessmentofthosesites.Theassessmentwillincludearecordssearch,NativeAmericanconsultation,apedestriansurvey,andpreparationofareporttodocumenttheresults.

7.2.5 Hazardous Materials Safety

MaintenanceactivitiesconductedaspartoftheSMPwillrequiremechanicalequipmentthatusesfuelandlubricantsandpossiblytheapplicationofherbicidesandpesticidesthatarehazardoustopeopleandtheenvironmentifmisused.Ifsuchfuels,lubricants,orotherchemicalswereaccidentlyspilled,potentialcontaminationoftheSMPArea’swaterandsoilcouldresult.BMPsinTable7‐1includedetailedprocedurestoensureallequipmentisproperlymaintainedandhandledtominimizetheriskofenvironmentalcontamination.ProcedurestorespondtoaccidentalspillsordiscoveryofpreviouslyunknowncontaminationwillbeimplementedaspartofaSpillPreventionandResponsePlan.ThisplanisalsoarequirementoftheNPDESConstructionGeneralPermitmentionedpreviously.BMPVEG‐2,UseofHerbicides,willensuretheuseandhandlingofherbicidesformaintenanceactivitiesisconsistentwithfederal,state,andlocalregulations.

Historicandcurrentsoilandgroundwatercontaminationfromindustrialandcommercialactivities(gasstations,drycleaners,andnationallabs)incloseproximitytomaintenancesitesmaybecontributingpollutantstothesedimentsorwaterinthecreeksandchannels.Disturbanceofexistingknowncontamination,includinggroundwaterplumes,duringmaintenancecoulddisruptcleanupeffortsorexacerbatepollutionissues.Assuch,adatabasesearchforexistingcontaminationwithin1,500feetoftheworksitewillbeconductedaspartoftheannualworkplanassessment.Inareaswitharecordedcontaminationhistory,aPhaseIIenvironmentalstudywillbecompleted.TheCitywillworkwithstafffromtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB’sCleanupandInvestigationsunittodetermineifandhowmaintenanceactivitiescanproceedshouldsuchcircumstancesexist.

Ascreeksarecommonlocationsforillegaldumpingoftrashcontaininghazardouswaste,suchastires,oilfilters,paintcans,andelectronicdevices,projectactivitiescouldencounterhazardouswaste.Creeksandchannelsalsoreceiverunofffromstreetsandurbanizedareaswhichcarrynon‐pointsourcecontaminantslikeoilandpaintthatarepoureddownstormdrains.Thus,indirectcontaminationofcreeksoccurswhencontaminantsaretransportedthroughthestormdrainnetworkanddepositeddirectlytostreams.Presenceofthesecontaminantscansometimesbeobservedasanoilysheen,adiscolorationofthesoil,oranunnaturalchemicalodor.Ifpresenceofpotentialcontaminantsisobservedatthesite,BMPHaz‐6willbeimplemented.



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Soiltestingwillbeconductedinallsedimentremovalandbankstabilizationprojects.Shouldsoilsbeencounteredthatcontainconcentrationsoflistedsubstancesthatexceedhazardouswastelevels,thecontaminatedareawillbetreatedasifahazardousspilloccurred(i.e.,theSpillPreventionandResponsePlanwillbeimplemented)andallmeasurestoensurecompliancewithfederal,state,andlocalregulationswillbetaken.Inaddition,anyobservedcontaminationasevidencedbychemical‐likeodors,oilysheens,orirregularlycoloredsedimentwillbeimmediatelyreportedtothelocalfiredepartment’shazardousmaterialsteamandtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCBstaffpersonintheCleanupsandInvestigationsUnit.

Maintenanceactivitieswillbeconductedduringthedryseason,aperiodwhenthethreatofwildlandfireisthehighest.Equipmentusedformaintenanceactivitiesuseflammablefuelsandlubricants.Thus,Table7‐1includesaBMPtoreducetheriskoffireignitionduringmaintenanceactivities.

7.2.6 Vegetation Management

Vegetationmanagementactivitieswillinvolveremoval,pruning,andrelocationoftreesandshrubsbyhandorwiththeuseofmachinery.Herbicides,pesticides,andweedbarrierfabricswillbeusedtocontrolinvasiveplantspecies.Maintenanceactivitiesalsoincludeplantingandrevegetationoftheworksite.Table7‐1includesspecificBMPstoavoidorminimizepotentialimpactsfromvegetationmanagementactivities.VegetationmanagementBMPssupportpreservationofasmuchexistingvegetationasispossible,particularlyfornativespecies,andfosteringabalancebetweenhabitatandfloodconveyance.Topreventunintendeddamagetoexistingvegetation,setbackareaswillbeflaggedandhandpruningandclearingwillbeimplemented,asopposedtouseofmachinery.BMPVEG‐3,UseofHerbicidesandPesticides,willensuretheuseandhandlingofherbicidesformaintenanceactivitiesisconsistentwithfederal,state,andlocalregulations.BMPVEG‐4,UseofGrazingAnimals,willensurethatgrazingactivitydoesnotresultinchanneldegradation.BMPVEG‐5willensurethatworksitesareproperlyreplantedandmonitoredforsuccessfulrevegetation.

7.2.7 Water Quality and Creek/Channel Protection

ThecombinationoftheGeneralImpactAvoidanceMeasuresandtheBiologicalResourceProtection,HazardousMaterialsSafety,SedimentManagement,andVegetationManagementBMPsdiscussedaboveandinTable7‐1willadequatelyprotectagainstdegradationofwaterqualityduringandaftermaintenanceactivities.AdditionalBMPsincludedinTable7‐1prescribesdechlorinationofwaterpriortodischargeintocreeksandchannels,andproperuseoferosioncontrolsforexposedsoilsaftermaintenanceworkiscomplete.ImplementationoftheBMPsinTable7‐1willcomplywithfederal,state,andlocalregulationstoprotectwaterquality,includingtherequirementsofNPDESstormwaterdischargepermitsandmanagementplans.Table7‐1alsoincludesaBMPtoguidein‐channelgradingactivitiessuchthatpostsedimentremovalcreekandchannelgradesaregeomorphicallyappropriate,thatin‐channelbedformssuchasmeanders,bars,andbenchesarepreserved,andthatsuddenorsharptransitionsinbedelevationsdonotoccur.

7.2.8 Good Neighbor Policies

Thedurationofmaintenanceactivitiesataparticularprojectsiteorreachwillvaryfromalessthanadaytoaweek.Manyoftheworksitesarelocatedinresidentialareasorincloseproximitytobusiness,schools,andlibraries.Toreducepotentialinconveniencetothepublicandprotecttheir



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safetyduringmaintenanceactivities,theGoodNeighborBMPsweredevelopedtokeeptheworksiteclean,reduceloudnoises,ensurevehicleandpedestrianaccess,andreduceunpleasantodors.

Toavoidadverseeffectsoncreeksideviewsfromneighboringhomesandbusinesses,SMPactivitieswillimplementworksite“housekeeping”measurestokeepthesiteneat,clean,andorderlyduringandaftermaintenance.Tominimizetheeffectsofnoiseonneighboringhomesandbusinesses,soundcontroldeviceswillbeactivelyusedonallpowerequipment.

Mostmaintenanceactivitieswilloccuronaccessroadsadjacenttocreeksandchannelsthatarenotopentopublicvehicularuse.Therefore,SMPmaintenanceactivitieswouldhaveverylittlepotentialtodisrupttrafficcirculationexceptinsituationswhenitisnecessarytoclosetravellanestemporarily(e.g.,toremovedebrisfromabridgeorculvert),orwheremaintenancevehiclesaretravelingtoandfromthemaintenancesites(e.g.,fillhauling).

Dependingonthecreekorchannellocationandreachconditions,sedimentremovedaspartofmaintenanceactivitiesmayberichindecayingorganicmatterwhichgeneratesgasessuchasreducedsulfurcompoundsthatareunpleasant.Wherefeasible,topreventimpactsofnuisanceodorsonnearbyresidences,stockpiledsedimentremovedfromcreeksandchannelswillbepromptlyremovedorplacedasfarawayaspossiblefromresidentialareasandodorsensitivelanduses.

Ineffortstokeepthepublicinformedaboutstreammaintenancework(whyitisnecessary,whenitoccurs,andwhataneighborhoodcanexpectwhencrewsarrivetoconductmaintenancework)theCitywillpostandupdateinformationabouttheSMPandmaintenanceactivitiesontheirwebsite,asstatedinBMPGN‐2,PublicOutreach.Eachspring,oncemaintenancesiteshavebeenselectedfortheannualworkseason,anewspapernoticewillbepublishedwithinformationonthemaintenancesites,approximateworkdates,andcontactinformation.ThisinformationwillalsobepostedontheCity’swebsite.Signswillbepostedintheneighborhoodtonotifythepublictwoweeksinadvanceofmaintenanceschedules,trailclosures,androad/landclosuresasnecessary.AsdiscussedunderBMPGN‐2,PublicOutreach,signageusedatworksiteswillprovidecontactinformationforlodgingcommentsand/orcomplaintsregardingtheactivities.

Table 7‐1. Stream Maintenance Program Best Management Practices Page 1 of 24

BMP ID Name BMP

GeneralImpactAvoidanceandMinimization

GEN‐1 MaintenanceWorkWindow

1. Allground‐disturbingmaintenanceactivitiesoccurringinthecreekorchannel(i.e.,fromtop‐of‐banktotop‐of‐bank)willtakeplaceduringthelow‐flowperiod,betweenMay1andOctober31.ExtensionsofthisperiodrequiretheadvanceapprovaloftheUSACE,SFBRWQCB,CDFW,and/orUSFWS(asappropriate)onaproject‐by‐projectbasis.

2. Oncethefirstsignificantrainfalloccurs,allin‐channelequipmentand/ordiversionstructuresshallberemoved.Exposedsoilsinuplandareaswillbestabilizedviahydroseedingorwitherosioncontrolfabric/blankets.Significantrainfallisdefinedas0.5inchofrainina24‐hourperiod.

3. Workontheupperbanksofcreeksorchannels(e.g.,vegetation,road,andv‐ditchmaintenance)maybeconductedyearround.Grounddisturbingactivitieswillonlybeconductedduringperiodsofdryweather.

4. Withtheexceptionofemergencies,constructionworkwillbelimitedtobetween7:00a.m.and8:00p.m.RoutinemaintenanceactivitiesconductedbytheCityinresidentialareaswillnotoccuronSaturdays,Sundays,orCityobservedstateholidaysexceptduringemergencies,orwithadvancenotificationofsurroundingresidents(weekendorholidayworkwouldbelimitedtobetween9:00a.m.and3:00p.m.).

GEN‐2 StagingandStockpilingofMaterials

1. Stagingwilloccuronaccessroads,surfacestreets,orotherdisturbedareasthatarealreadycompactedandonlysupportruderalvegetationtotheextentfeasible.Similarly,totheextentpractical,allmaintenanceequipmentandmaterials(e.g.,roadrockandprojectspoil)willbecontainedwithintheexistingserviceroads,pavedroads,orotherpre‐determinedstagingareas.Stagingareasforequipment,personnel,vehicleparking,andmaterialstorageshallbesitedasfaraspossiblefrommajorroadways.

2. Stockpilingofmaterialwilloccurondisturbed,barren,orruderalsurfacesthatdonotsupporthabitatforfocalspecies.

3. Allmaintenance‐relateditemsincludingequipment,stockpiledmaterial,temporaryerosioncontroltreatments,andtrashwillberemovedwithin72hoursofprojectcompletion.Allresidualsoilsand/ormaterialswillbeclearedfromtheprojectsite.

4. Asnecessary,topreventsediment‐ladenwaterfrombeingreleasedbackintowatersoftheStateduringtransportofspoilstodisposallocations,truckbedswillbelinedwithanimperviousmaterial(e.g.,plastic),orthetailgateblockedwithwattles,haybales,orotherappropriatefiltrationmaterial.Ifappropriate,andonlywithintheactiveprojectareawherethesedimentisbeingloadedintothetrucks,trucksmaydrainexcesswaterbyslightlytiltingtheloadsandallowingthewatertodrainoutthroughtheappliedfilter.

5. Buildingmaterialsandothermaintenance‐relatedmaterials,includingchemicalsandsediment,willnotbestockpiledorstoredwheretheycouldspillintowaterbodiesorstormdrainsorwheretheywillcoveraquaticorriparianvegetation.

6. NorunofffromthestagingareasmaybeallowedtoenterwatersoftheState,includingthecreekchannelorstormdrains,withoutbeingsubjectedtoadequatefiltration(e.g.,vegetatedbuffer,haywattlesorbales,siltscreens).Thedischargeofdecantwaterfromanyonsitetemporarysedimentstockpileorstorageareas,to


BMP ID Name BMP

watersoftheState,includingsurfacewatersor surfacewaterdrainagecourses,outsideoftheactiveprojectsite,isprohibited.

7. Duringdryseason,nostockpiledsoilsshallremainexposedandunworkedformorethan30days.Duringwetseason,nostockpiledsoilsshallbesurroundedbyproperlyinstalledandmaintainedsiltfencingorothermeansoferosioncontrol.Whenthereisthereasonablepossibilityofprecipitation,stockpiledsoilsshalladditionallybecovered.

8. Allspoilswillbedisposedofinanapprovedlocation.Sedimentsthatarefoundtocontaincontaminantsinexcessofhazardousmaterialsdisposalcriteriawillbestockpiledseparatelyonheavyplasticpendingdisposalatanappropriatehazardousmaterialsdisposallocation.

9. Pipes,culvertsandsimilarmaterialsgreaterthanfourinchesindiameter,willbestoredsoastopreventfocalwildlifespeciesfromusingtheseastemporaryrefuges,andthesematerialswillbeinspectedeachmorningforthepresenceofanimalspriortobeingmoved.

GEN‐3 CreekandChannelAccess

1. Accesspointstocreeksandchannelsforthepurposesofstreammaintenancewillbeminimizedaccordingtoneed.Accesspointsshouldavoidlargematuretrees,nativevegetation,orothersignificanthabitatfeaturesasmuchaspossible.Temporaryaccesspointsshallbesitedandconstructedtominimizetreeremoval.Vernalpoolswillbeavoided.

2. Inconsideringcreekandchannelaccessroutes,slopesofgreaterthan20percentshallbeavoidedifpossible.Anyslopedaccesspointswillbeexaminedforevidenceofinstabilityandeitherrevegetatedorfilledwithcompactedsoil,seeded,andstabilizedwitherosioncontrolfabricasnecessarytopreventfutureerosion.

3. Personnelwillusetheappropriateequipmentforthejobthatminimizesdisturbancetoandcompactionofthecreekorchannelbottom.Appropriately‐tiredvehicles,eithertrackedorwheeled,willbeuseddependingonthesiteandmaintenanceactivity.

4. Vehiclesandequipmentwillbeparkedonpavement,existingroads,andpreviouslydisturbedareastotheextentpracticable.

AirQualityProtection

AQ‐1 BasicConstructionAirQualityMeasures(basedonBAAQMDAirQualityGuidelines)

1. Waterallexposedsurfacesinactivemaintenanceareas(e.g.,parkingandstagingareas,soilpiles,gradedareas,andunpavedaccessroads)asnecessarytoreducedustemissions.Indryareas,thismaybetwicedailyormore,whileinalreadywetareas,nowateringmaybeneeded.

2. Allhaultruckstransportingsoil,sand,orotherloosematerialoff‐siteshallbecovered.3. Allvisiblemudordirttrack‐outontoadjacentpublicroadsshallberemovedusingwetpowervacuumstreet

sweepersatleastonceperday.Theuseofdrypowersweepersisprohibited.4. Allvehiclespeedsonunpavedroadsshallbelimitedto15mph.5. Idlingtimesshallbeminimizedeitherbyshuttingequipmentoffwhennotinuseorreducingthemaximum

idlingtimeto5minutes(asrequiredbytheCaliforniaairbornetoxicscontrolmeasureTitle13,Section2485ofCaliforniaCodeofRegulations[CCR]).Clearsignageshallbeprovidedforconstructionworkersatallaccesspoints.


BMP ID Name BMP

6. Allconstructionequipmentshallbemaintainedandproperlytunedinaccordancewithmanufacturer’sspecifications.Allequipmentshallbecheckedbyacertifiedvisibleemissionsevaluator.

AQ‐2 AdditionalConstructionAirQualityMeasures(basedonBAAQMDAirQualityGuidelines)

1. Allexcavation,grading,and/ordemolitionactivitiesshallbesuspendedwhenaveragewindspeedsexceed20mph.

2. Vegetativegroundcover(e.g.,fast‐germinatingnativegrassseed)shallbeplantedindisturbedareasassoonaspossibleandwateredappropriatelyuntilvegetationisestablished.

3. Thesimultaneousoccurrenceofexcavation,grading,andground‐disturbingconstructionactivitiesonthesameareaatanyonetimeshallbelimited.Activitiesshallbephasedtoreducetheamountofdisturbedsurfacesatanyonetime.

4. Gravelbagsorothererosioncontrolmeasuresshallbeinstalledtopreventsiltrunofftopublicroadwaysfromsiteswithaslopegreaterthanonepercent.

5. Minimizetheidlingtimeofdieselpoweredconstructionequipmenttotwominutes.6. Allconstructionequipment,dieseltrucks,andgeneratorsshallbeequippedwithBestAvailableControl

TechnologyforemissionreductionsofNOxandPM.

BiologicalResourcesProtection

GeneralMeasures

BR‐1 AreaofDisturbance 1. Activitieswillavoiddamagetoorlossofnativevegetationtothemaximumextentfeasible.2. Totheextentfeasible,vernalpoolhabitatswillnotbeimpacted.Ifvernalpools,clayflats,alkalinepools,

ephemeralstocktanks,orsandstonepools,orroadsideditchesarepresentandwillbeavoided,aqualifiedbiologistwillstakeorflaganexclusionzonepriortoconstructionactivities.Theexclusionzonewillbefencedwithorangeconstructionzoneanderosioncontrolfencing(tobeinstalledbyconstructioncrew).Theexclusionzonewillencompassthemaximumpracticabledistancefromtheworksiteandatleast250feetfromtheaquaticfeaturewetordry.Thehydrologyfeedingintoexclusionzonesshallnotbemodifiedorchanged.

3. Ifpotentialdensarepresent,theirdisturbanceanddestructionwillbeavoided.4. Priortogrounddisturbingactivitiesinsensitivehabitats,projectconstructionboundariesandaccessareaswill

beflaggedortemporarilyfencedduringconstructiontoreducethepotentialforvehiclesandequipmenttostrayintoadjacenthabitats.

5. Soildisturbanceshallnotexceedtheminimumareanecessarytocompletetheoperationsasdescribed.6. Trencheswillbebackfilledassoonaspossible.Opentrencheswillbesearchedeachdaypriortoconstructionto

ensurenofocalspeciesaretrapped.Earthenescaperampswillbeinstalledatintervalsprescribedbyaqualifiedbiologist.

7. Inlocationswheretheremovalofsedimentandassociatedvegetativecoverisrequiredtoreestablishalowflowchannel,theareaofdisturbanceshallbelimitedtonomorethanonehalfthewidthofthecreekorchannelinanygivenyeartotheextentfeasibleinordertomaintainadequateforagingandcoverhabitatforspecial‐statusspecies.


BMP ID Name BMP

BR‐2 Pre‐MaintenanceEducationalTraining

1. Atthebeginningofeachmaintenanceseasonandbeforeconductingstreammaintenanceactivities,allpersonnelwillparticipateinaneducationaltrainingsessionconductedbyaqualifiedbiologist1oranappropriatelyexperiencedand/ortrainedstaff.TrainingwillincludereviewofenvironmentallawsandavoidanceandminimizationBMPsthatmustbefollowedbyallpersonneltoreduceoravoideffectsonfocalspeciesduringSMPactivities.Thistrainingwillincludeinstructiononhowtoidentifybirdnests,recognizespecial‐statusspeciesthatmayoccurintheworkareas,andtheappropriateprotocolifanynestsorlistedspeciesarefoundduringprojectimplementation.

2. Personnelwhomissthefirsttrainingsessionorarehiredlaterintheseasonmustparticipateinamake‐upsessionbeforeconductingmaintenanceactivities.

3. Contractswithcontractors,constructionmanagementfirms,andsubcontractorswillobligateallcontractorstocomplywiththeserequirementsandBMPs.

BR‐3 BiotechnicalBankStabilization

1. Ifhydraulicconditionsallow,thenaturalbankwillberetainedorabiotechnicalrepairtechniquewillbeusedratherthan,oralongwith,ahardscaperepair.

2. Whenerosioncontrolmattingisrequired,plasticmono‐filamentnettingorsimilarmaterialcontainingnettingshallnotbeusedattheproject.Acceptablesubstitutesincludecoconutcoirmattingortackifiedhydroseedingcompounds.

BR‐4 ImpactAvoidanceandMinimizationDuringDewatering

1. Alldewateringactivitiesconductedincreeksandchannelsbearingstate‐orfederally‐listedspeciesshallcomplywiththetermsandconditionsoftheBiologicalOpinionissuedbytheUSFWSandthe2081IncidentalTakePermitissuedbyCDFWfortheSMP.

2. Priortodewatering,thebestmeanstobypassflowthroughtheworkareawillbedeterminedtominimizedisturbancetothecreekorchannelandavoiddirectmortalityoffishandotheraquaticvertebrates.Theareatobedewateredwillencompasstheminimumareanecessarytoperformthemaintenanceactivity.Theperiodofdewateringwillextendfortheminimumamountoftimeneededtoperformthemaintenanceactivity.Wherefeasibleandappropriate,dewateringwilloccurviagravitydrivensystems.Wherefeasibleandappropriate,diversionstructuresshallbeinstalledonconcretesectionsofthecreekorchannel,suchasconcreteboxculvertsoftenusedatroadcrossings.

3. Aspeciesrelocationplan(BMPBR‐5)shallbeimplementedasareasonablebestefforttoensurethatnativefishandothernativeaquaticvertebratesandmacroinvertebratesarenotstranded.

4. In‐streamcofferdamsshallonlybebuiltfrommaterialssuchasgravelbags,cleangravel,orrubberbladderswhichwillcauselittleornosiltationorturbidity.Visqueenshallbeplacedovergravelbagstominimizewaterseepageintothemaintenanceareas.Thevisqueenshallbefirmlyanchoredtothecreekorchannelbedto

1Abiologist(includingthosespecializinginbotany,wildlife,andfisheries)isdeterminedtobequalifiedthroughacombinationofacademictrainingandprofessionalexperienceinbiologicalsciencesandrelatedresourcemanagementactivities.ResumeswillbesubmittedtoCDFWandUSFWSforapprovalpriortocommencementofbiologicalsurveys,asstatedinCDFWandUSFWSpermitconditions.


BMP ID Name BMP

minimizewaterseepage.Ifnecessary,thefootingofthedamshallbekeyedinto thecreekorchannelbedatanappropriatedepthtocapturethemajorityofsubsurfaceflowneededtodewaterthecreekorchannelbed.

5. Whenuseofgravityfeddewateringisnotfeasibleandpumpingisnecessarytodewateraworksite,atemporarysiltationbasinand/oruseofsiltbagsmayberequiredtopreventsedimentfromre‐enteringthewettedcreekorchannel.

6. Downstreamflowsadequatetopreventfishorvertebratestrandingwillbemaintainedatalltimesduringdewateringactivities.Bypasspipediameterwillbesizedtoaccommodate,ataminimum,twicethesummerbaseflow.

7. Divertedandstoredwaterwillbeprotectedfrommaintenanceactivity‐relatedpollutants,suchassoilsorequipmentlubricantsorfuels.

8. Ifnecessary,dischargedwaterwillpassoversomeformofenergydissipatertokeeperosionofthedownstreamcreekorchanneltoaminimum.Siltbagswillbeequippedtotheendofdischargehosesandpipestoremovesedimentfromdischargedwater.

9. Forfullcreekorchanneldewatering,filtrationdevicesorsettlingbasinswillbeprovidedasnecessarytoensurethattheturbidityofdischargedwaterisnotvisiblymoreturbidthaninthecreekorchannelupstreamofthemaintenancesite.Ifincreasesinturbidityareobserved,additionalmeasuresshallbeimplementedsuchasalargersettlingbasinoradditionalfiltration.Ifincreasesinturbiditypersist,turbiditymeasurementswillbetakenonaregular(i.e.,atleastdaily)basisup‐anddownstreamofthecofferdamenclosure.DatarecordedwillbecomparedagainstRegionalWaterQualityControlBoardBasinPlanwaterqualitystandards.Ingeneral,turbidityindischargedwatershouldbenomorethan110percentofreceivingwaterturbidity,ifreceivingwaterturbidityisgreaterthan50NTU,andnogreaterthan5NTUabovereceivingwaterturbidity,ifreceivingwaterturbidityislessthan50NTU.IfBasinPlanstandardsarebeingexceeded,additionalmeasuresshallbeinstalledandmonitoredtoensureBasinPlanstandardsaremet.

10. Whenmaintenanceiscompleted,theflowdiversionstructureshallberemovedassoonaspossible.Impoundedwaterwillbereleasedatareducedvelocitytominimizeerosion,turbidity,orharmtofishoramphibiansdownstream.Cofferdamswillberemovedsosurfaceelevationsofwaterimpoundedabovethecofferdamwillnotbereducedatarategreaterthanoneinchperhour.

11. Theareadisturbedbyflowbypassmechanismswillberestoredatthecompletionoftheproject.Thismayinclude,butisnotlimitedto,recontouringtheareaandplantingofriparianvegetationasappropriate.

BR‐5 AmphibianSpeciesRelocation

1. Priortoandduringdewateringactivities,tadpoles,andothervertebrateswillbeexcludedfromtheworkareabyblockingthecreekorchannelaboveandbelowtheworkareawithfine‐meshednetorscreens.Thebottomofthescreenswillbecompletelysecuredtothecreekorchannelbed.Screenswillbecheckedperiodicallyandcleanedofdebristopermitfreeflowofwater.

2. Duringdewatering,aqualifiedbiologistwilldirectandmonitoractivitiesasnecessarytonetandrescueanyamphibiansthatmayhavebecomestrandedthroughoutthedewateringprocess.


BMP ID Name BMP

3. Priortocapturingamphibians,themostappropriatereleaselocation(s)willbeidentifiedandused.Thefollowingissueswillbeconsideredwhenselectingreleasesite(s): proximitytotheprojectarea; similarwatertemperatureascapturelocation; presenceofothersamespeciessothatrelocationofnewindividualswillnotupsettheexisting

prey/predationfunction;and lowpotentialforrelocatedindividualtotransportdisease.

4. Inareaswhereaquaticvertebratesareabundant,toincreasesurvivalratesandensurecapturedvertebratesarenotheldoverlylong,capturewillbeperiodicallyceased,andreleasewilloccuratpredeterminedlocations.

BR‐6 On‐CallBiologist 1. Aqualifiedbiologistwillbeon‐callandavailabletovisitaprojectsiteatanypointduringmaintenanceactivitiesintheeventaspecial‐statusspeciesisencountered.

Species‐RelatedMeasures

BR‐7 FocalSpeciesPlants 1. Forprojectslocatedinareaswherefocalplantspecies(i.e.,SanJoaquinspearscale,Congdon’starplant,palmate‐bractedbird’s‐beak,andLivermoretarplant)havebeenidentifiedaspotentiallyoccurring(seeSMPManualTable7‐3),aqualifiedbotanistwillconductappropriatelytimedfocusedbotanicalsurveysoftheprojectsiteforthesespeciespriortotheinitiationofprojectactivities.Ifthesespeciesareobservedinorneartheprojectsite,theCitywillfollowthemeasuresbelowaswellasanyadditionalmeasurescontainedintheforthcomingBiologicalOpinionissuedbytheUSFWSfortheSMP.Aqualifiedbotanistwillalsoassesshabitatsuitabilityforthepotentialoccurrenceofspecialstatusplantspeciesatanynewlyidentifiedsedimentdisposalsitesorpreviouslyunidentifiedstagingareaspriortoprojectactivitiesintheseareas.

2. Ifdiscovered,focalplantpopulationsidentifiedduringthefieldsurveysandwithpotentialtobeimpactedwillbeenumerated,photographedandconspicuouslyflaggedtomaximizeavoidance,aswellastodeterminethetotalnumberofindividualsaffected.Iffeasible,theprojectshallberedesignedormodifiedtoavoiddirectandindirectimpactsonspecial‐statusplantspecies.

3. SubjecttothereviewandapprovalofCDFWandUSFWSforlistedspecies,focalplantspeciesneartheprojectsitewillbeprotectedfromtemporarydisturbancebyinstallingenvironmentallysensitiveareaprotectivefencing(orangeconstructionbarrierfencing)aroundfocalplantspeciespopulations.Protectivefencingwillbeinstalledunderthedirectionofthebotanistasnecessarytoprotecttheplantanditshabitat;wherefeasible,theenvironmentallysensitiveareafencingwillbeinstalledatanappropriatedistanceapprovedbyCDFWandUSFWSdependingonthespecies.Ataminimum,fencingwillbeinstalledatleast50ft.fromtheedgeofthepopulation.Wherefocalplantpopulationsarelocatedinwetlands,siltfencingwillalsobeinstalled.Thelocationofthefencingwillbeshownonthemaintenancedesigndrawingsandmarkedinthefieldwithstakesandflagging.Thedesignspecificationswillcontainclearlanguagethatprohibitsmaintenance‐relatedactivities,vehicleoperation,materialandequipmentstorage,andothersurfacedisturbingactivitieswithinthefencedenvironmentallysensitivearea.


BMP ID Name BMP

4. Vegetationmanagementactivitiesinsensitiveplantareaswillbeconductedundertheguidanceofthebotanist.Theseactivitiesshouldbetimedfollowingthebloomingperiodsofpotentiallyoccurringlistedspecies,afterthemonthofJune.

5. Ifimpactstofocalplantspeciesareunavoidable,thentheCityshallcoordinatewiththeappropriateresourceagenciesandlocalexpertstodeterminewhethertransplantationofspecial‐statusplantspeciesisfeasible.Iftheagenciesconcurthatitisafeasiblemitigationmeasure,thebotanistshalldevelopandimplementatransplantationplanincoordinationwiththeappropriateagencies.Aspartoftheplan,theCity,inconjunctionwithaqualifiedrestorationecologistandCDFWand/orUSFWS,shallidentifyasuitableon‐oroff‐sitelocationformitigationandappropriatemethodsforseedcollection,propagation,relocation,maintenanceandmonitoring.Iftheimpactedspeciesareannuals,itisexpectedthatthecurrentseedcropfromtheindividualstobelostwillbecollectedaswellasimmediatesoilsmakingupthedormantseedbed)andthensownonappropriatehabitatlocatedonthemitigationsite.Ifthespeciesisaperennial,itisexpectedthatboththeseedandtheplantsthemselveswillbesalvagedandrelocatedtothemitigationsite.ForCongdon’starplantandLivermoretarplant,seedfromthepopulationsthatwillbeimpactedmaybecollectedandpropagatedatanativeplantnursery,priortoplantingtoincreasethepotentialforestablishmentandsurvival.ForSanJoaquinspearscaleandpalmate‐bractedbird’s‐beak,thenenhancementofoccupiedhabitatand/orexpansionadjacenttooccupiedhabitatwilloccurtocompensateforproject‐relatedimpacts.CompensationwilloccurattheappropriateratiounderEACCS.Annualmonitoringofthemitigationsiteshallbeconductedfor5yearstoassessvegetativedensity,populationsize,naturalrecruitment,andplanthealthandvigor.Monitoringresultsmaytriggermanagementactionssuchascollectionandsowingofadditionalseed,tillage/disturbancewithinexistingpopulationstoinduceestablishment,installationofcontainerplants,andcontrolofexoticinvasivevegetationsuchasyellowstarthistletoensuresuccessfulplantestablishmentandsurvival.Thesiteshallbeevaluatedattheendofthe5‐yearmonitoringperiodtodeterminewhetherthemitigationhasmetthesuccesscriteriaidentifiedintherareplantrelocation,management,andprotectionplan.Ifsuccesscriteriahavenotbeenachieved,remedialactionsshallbeimplementedfollowingreviewandapprovalbyCDFWandtheUSFWS.

6. Ifappropriatelytimedfocusedbotanicalsurveyscannotbeconductedinareasidentifiedassuitableforlistedplantspriortovegetationmanagementactivities,thentheCityshallassumepresenceoftheplantspeciesinquestionandcoordinatewiththeappropriateresourceagenciesandlocalexpertstodevelopappropriatemitigationfortheimpact.

BR‐8 NestingMigratoryBirdandRaptorPre‐maintenanceSurveys

1. Totheextentfeasible,maintenanceactivities,includingtreetrimming,willtakeplaceoutsidethemigratorybirdandraptornestingperiod(February15throughAugust15formostbirds).Duringthenestingbirdseason,worksitesthatarelessdenselyvegetatedwillbeprioritized,tofacilitatepre‐maintenancesurveysanddecreasethelikelihoodofdisturbingundiscoverednests.

2. Ifmaintenanceactivitiesmustbescheduledtooccurduringthenestingseason,aqualifiedwildlifebiologist,familiarwiththespeciesandhabitatsinthePlanningArea,willberetainedtoconductpre‐maintenancesurveysforraptorsandnestingbirdswithinsuitablenestinghabitatwithin300feetofSMPactivities.Thesurveysshouldbeconductedwithinoneweekbeforeinitiationofmaintenanceactivitieswithinthosehabitats.


BMP ID Name BMP

Ifnoactivenestsaredetectedduringsurveys,activitiesmayproceed.Vegetationremovalactivitieswillbeconductedundertheguidanceofabiologist.Ifactivenestsaredetectedthenmeasure3wouldbeimplemented.

3. IfactivenestsareidentifiedwithintheSMParea,non‐disturbancebuffersshallbeestablishedatadistancesufficienttominimizedisturbancebasedonthenestlocation,topography,coverandspecies’tolerancetodisturbance.BuffersizeshallbedeterminedincooperationwithCDFW.Ifactivenestsarefoundwithin300feetoftheprojectarea,aqualifiedbiologistshallbeonsiteasnecessarytomonitorthenestsforsignsofnestdisturbance.Ifitisdeterminedthatmaintenanceactivityisresultinginnestdisturbance,workshallceaseimmediatelyandCDFWandtheUSFWSMigratoryBirdProgramshallbecontacted.BufferswillbedevelopedthroughconsultationwithCDFW.Bufferswillremaininplaceuntilbiologistsdeterminethattheyounghavesuccessfullyfledgedornestshavebeenotherwiseabandoned.

BR‐9 CaliforniaRed‐leggedFrogAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasuresforGround‐DisturbingActivities

1. Forground‐disturbingmaintenanceactivitiesoccurringinareaswhereCaliforniared‐leggedfrog(CRLF)hasbeenidentifiedaspotentiallyoccurring(seeSMPManualTable7‐3),aqualifiedbiologistwillconductpre‐maintenancesurveystoassesshabitatwithintheproposedmaintenancearea.

2. IfsuitablebreedingorforaginghabitatispresentthenfocusedsurveysusingtheUSFWSCRLFsurveyprotocolwillbecompletedorCRLFpresencewillbeassumed.TheUSFWSwillbecontactedandanysite‐specificrecommendationswillbeimplemented.

3. IfCRLFarepresentorassumedpresent,aqualifiedbiologistoranappropriatelyexperiencedand/ortrainedstaffwillinspecttheareadailybeforethestartofworkandwillbepresentduringmaintenanceactivitiesinsuitablehabitat.Aqualifiedbiologistwillbeon‐callduringimplementationofmaintenanceactivities.Ifappropriate,theCitywillinstallexclusionaryfencing.

4. IntheeventthataCRLFisencounteredwithinthemaintenancearea,aqualifiedbiologistapprovedbyUSFWSunderthespecificprojectlevelbiologicalopinionappendingtotheSMPProgrammaticBiologicalOpinionwillmovethefrogtoasafelocationoutsideoftheprojectarea.ActionstakentomoveCRLFwillbeconsistentwithapplicableUSFWSandCDFWregulationsandpermits.ThebiologistwillhavetheauthoritytostopworkifaCRLFisencountereduntilsuchatimeasthefrogmaybemovedtoanareaoutsideoftheprojectareafencing.

5. Ifdewateringofacreekisrequired,dipnetandseinesurveysforCRLFtadpoleswillbecompletedpriortoinitiationofdewatering.Capturedtadpoleswillbemovedtoasafelocationelsewhereinthecreek.

6. Inlocationswheretheremovalofsedimentandassociatedvegetativecoverisrequiredtoreestablishalowflowchannel,theareaofdisturbanceshallbelimitedtonomorethanonehalfthewidthofthecreekorchannelinanygivenyeartotheextentfeasibleinordertomaintainadequateforagingandcoverhabitatforCRLF.

7. WorkwillbeavoidedwithinsuitablehabitatfromOctober15(orthefirstmeasurablefallrainof1”orgreater)toMay1.

8. TheUSFWSSacramentoFieldOfficewillbecontactedwithin24hoursofanyCRLFobservations.

BR‐10 CaliforniaRed‐leggedFrogAvoidanceandImpactMinimization

1. ForvegetationmaintenanceactivitiesoccurringinareaswhereCRLFfroghasbeenidentifiedaspotentiallyoccurring(seeSMPManualTable7‐3),aqualifiedbiologistwillconductpre‐maintenancesurveysofaquatic


BMP ID Name BMP

MeasuresforVegetationManagement

habitatsandidentifypotentialCRLFbreedingandforagingareas.Theseareaswillbeflaggedandavoidedbymaintenancecrews.

2. InareaswhereCRLFcouldpotentiallyoccur,fieldcrewsconductinghandtrimmingofvegetationwillaccesscreekorchannelbanksbyfootonlyandwillavoidenteringopenwater.Vehicleswillberestrictedtoexistingaccessroads.

3. InworksiteswherepotentialCRLFbreedingandforagingareaswereidentifiedduringthepre‐maintenancesurvey,aqualifiedbiologistapprovedbyUSFWSunderthespecificprojectlevelbiologicalopinionappendingtotheSMPProgrammaticBiologicalOpinionwillbeon‐callduringprojectactivityinsuitablehabitat.IntheeventthatCRLFisencountered,staffwillcontactthequalifiedbiologist.ThebiologistwillhavetheauthoritytostopworkifaCRLF(oranyofitslifestages)isencountereduntilsuchatimeasthefrogmaybemovedtoanareaawayfromtheprojectsite.

4. WorkwillbeavoidedwithinsuitablehabitatfromOctober15(orthefirstmeasurablefallrainof1”orgreater)toMay1.

5. TheUSFWSSacramentoFieldOfficewillbecontactedwithin48hoursofanyCRLFobservations.

BR‐11 CaliforniaTigerSalamanderAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasuresforSedimentandDebrisRemoval

1. ForsedimentanddebrisremovalmaintenanceactivitiesoccurringinareaswhereCaliforniatigersalamander(CTS)hasbeenidentifiedaspotentiallyoccurring(seeSMPManualTable7‐3),aqualifiedbiologistwillconductpre‐maintenancesurveysofuplandhabitatsandidentifyareaswithsmallmammalburrows.Areaswithanabundanceofsmallmammalburrowswillbeflaggedandavoidedbymaintenancecrews.

2. Whenpossible,maintenanceactivitieswillberestrictedtothecreekorchannelbedandavoiddisturbancetoadjacentuplandhabitat.

3. Sedimentanddebrisremovalactivitiesshallminimizeremovalofuplandvegetationandsoilcompaction.4. Inlocationswheretheremovalofsedimentandassociatedvegetativecoverisrequiredtoreestablishalow

flowchannel,theareaofdisturbanceshallbelimitedtonomorethanonehalfthewidthofthecreekorchannelinanygivenyeartotheextentfeasibleinordertomaintainadequateforagingandcoverhabitatforCTS.

5. Ifuplandbanksmustbetraversedbyheavyequipmenttoaccessacreekorchannelbed,theroutewillbelocatedwherenosmallmammalburrowsarepresentandwillbedelineatedbytemporaryfencingtominimizeuplandhabitatdisturbance.

6. Ifburrowsorothersuitableaestivationhabitatarepresentwheresedimentordebrisremovalactivitiesareproposed,aqualifiedbiologistapprovedbyUSFWSunderthespecificprojectlevelbiologicalopinionappendingtotheSMPProgrammaticBiologicalOpinionandapprovedbyCDFWundertheSMPCESAincidentaltakepermitwillbeon‐callduringprojectactivityinproximitytouplandCTShabitat.IntheeventthatCTSisencountered,staffwillcontactthequalifiedbiologist.ThebiologistwillhavetheauthoritytostopworkifCTSisencountereduntilsuchatimeastheanimalismovedtoanareaawayfromtheprojectsite.

7. MaintenanceactivitieslocatedinproximitytouplandCTShabitatwillbescheduledtoavoidtheCTSmigrationseason(October15–June30).Ifworkmustbecompletedduringthemigrationseason,barrierfencingwillbeinstalledtoexcludeCTSfrommaintenanceareas.


BMP ID Name BMP

8. IntheeventthataCTSisencounteredwithinthemaintenancearea,aqualifiedbiologistapprovedbyUSFWSunderthespecificprojectlevelbiologicalopinionappendingtotheSMPProgrammaticBiologicalOpinionandapprovedbyCDFWundertheSMPCESAincidentaltakepermitwillmovethesalamandertoasafelocationwithsuitableundergroundrefugia(e.g.,openburrowofappropriatedepth)outsideofthemaintenancearea.ActionstakentomoveCTSwillbeconsistentwithapplicableUSFWSandCDFWregulations.

9. TheUSFWSSacramentoFieldOfficeandCDFWwillbecontactedwithin24hoursofanyCTSobservations.

BR‐12 CaliforniaTigerSalamanderAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasuresforVegetationManagement

1. ForvegetationmanagementactivitiesoccurringinareaswhereCTShasbeenidentifiedaspotentiallyoccurring(seeSMPManualTable7‐3),aqualifiedbiologistwillconductpre‐maintenancesurveysofuplandhabitatsandidentifyareaswithsmallmammalburrows.Areaswithanabundanceofsmallmammalburrowswillbeflaggedandavoidedbymaintenancecrews.

2. Basedonsurveys,ifCTSisidentifiedaspotentiallypresent,thenaccessacrossuplandcreekorchannelbanksandadjacentuplandhabitatswillbebyfootonly.Vehicleswillberestrictedtoexistingaccessroads.

3. AqualifiedbiologistapprovedbyUSFWSunderthespecificprojectlevelbiologicalopinionappendingtotheSMPBiologicalOpinionandapprovedbyCDFWundertheSMPCESAincidentaltakepermitwillbeon‐callduringprojectactivityinproximitytouplandCTShabitat.IntheeventthatCTSisencountered,staffwillcontactthequalifiedbiologist.ThebiologistwillhavetheauthoritytostopworkifCTSisencountereduntilsuchatimeastheanimalismovedtoanareaawayfromtheprojectsite.

4. IntheeventthataCTSisencounteredwithinthemaintenancearea,aqualifiedbiologistapprovedbyUSFWSunderthespecificprojectlevelbiologicalopinionappendingtheSMPProgrammaticBiologicalOpinionandapprovedbyCDFWundertheSMPCESAincidentaltakepermitwillmovethesalamandertoasafelocationwithsuitableundergroundrefugia(e.g.,openburrowofappropriatedepth)outsideofthefencedmaintenancearea.ActionstakentomoveCTSwillbeconsistentwithapplicableUSFWSandCDFWregulationsandpermits.


BR‐13 CaliforniaTigerSalamanderAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasuresforBankStabilization

1. ForbankstabilizationactivitiesoccurringinareaswhereCTShasbeenidentifiedaspotentiallyoccurring(seeSMPManualTable7‐3),aqualifiedbiologistwillconductpre‐maintenancesurveysofuplandhabitatsandidentifyareaswithburrowsand/orothersuitableaestivationhabitat.

2. Ifburrowsorothersuitableaestivationhabitatarepresentwherebankstabilizationactivitiesareproposed,aqualifiedbiologistapprovedbyUSFWSunderthespecificprojectlevelbiologicalopinionappendingtheSMPProgrammaticBiologicalOpinionandapprovedbyCDFWundertheSMPCESAincidentaltakepermitwillbeon‐callduringprojectactivityinproximitytouplandCTShabitat.IntheeventthatCTSisencountered,staffwillcontactthequalifiedbiologist.ThebiologistwillhavetheauthoritytostopworkifCTSisencountereduntilsuchatimeastheanimalismovedtoanareaawayfromtheprojectsite.

3. MaintenanceactivitieslocatedinproximitytouplandCTShabitatwillbescheduledtoavoidtheCTSmigrationseason(October15–June30).Ifworkmustbecompletedduringthemigrationseason,barrierfencingwillbeinstalledtoexcludeCTSfrommaintenanceareas.


BMP ID Name BMP

4. IntheeventthataCTSisencounteredwithinthemaintenancearea,aqualifiedbiologistapprovedbyUSFWSunderthespecificprojectlevelbiologicalopinionappendingtheSMPProgrammaticBiologicalOpinionandapprovedbyCDFWundertheSMPCESAincidentaltakepermitwillmovethesalamandertoasafelocationwithsuitableundergroundrefugia(e.g.,openburrowofappropriatedepth)outsideofthefencedmaintenancearea.ActionstakentomoveCTSwillbeconsistentwithapplicableUSFWSandCDFWregulationsandpermits.


BR‐14 WesternPondTurtlePre‐maintenanceSurveysforGround‐DisturbingActivities

1. Forprojectslocatedinareaswherewesternpondturtlehasthepotentialtooccur,aqualifiedbiologistwillconductpre‐maintenancesurveystoassesshabitatwithintheproposedmaintenancearea.

2. Ifsuitablein‐streamhabitatforthewesternpondturtleispresentinthemaintenancearea,aqualifiedbiologistoranappropriatelyexperiencedand/ortrainedstaffwillinspectthemaintenanceareadailybeforethestartofwork.Intheeventthatawesternpondturtleisencounteredbeforeorduringthemaintenanceactivity,aqualifiedbiologistwillmovetheturtletoasafelocationoutsideoftheworkarea.ActionstakentomovewesternpondturtlewillbeconsistentwithapplicableCDFWregulationsandpermits.

3. Ifdewateringofacreeksegmentisrequired,aqualifiedbiologistwillbepresentandwillmoveturtles–iffound–toasafelocationinthecreek.ActionstakentomovewesternpondturtlewillbeconsistentwithapplicableCDFWregulationsandpermits.

4. CDFWwillbenotifiedwithin48hoursofanywesternpondturtleobservations.

BR‐15 VernalPoolFairyShrimpandLonghornFairyShrimpAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasures

1. Aqualifiedbiologicalmonitorwillbepresentifworkisconductedoutsideofdesignatedworkcorridorsoroffofexistingaccessroads.

2. Ifvernalpools,clayflats,alkalinepools,ephemeralstocktanks,orsandstonepools,orroadsideditchesarepresent,aqualifiedbiologistwillstakeandflaganexclusionzonepriortoconstructionactivities.Theexclusionzonewillbefencedwithorangeconstructionzoneanderosioncontrolfencing(tobeinstalledbyconstructioncrew).Theexclusionzonewillencompassthemaximumpracticabledistancefromtheworksiteandatleast250feetfromtheaquaticfeaturewetordry.

3. WorkwillbeavoidedafterthefirstsignificantrainuntilJune1,oruntilpoolsremaindryfor72hours.4. Noherbicidewillbeappliedwithin100feetofexclusionzones,exceptwhenappliedtocutstumpsorfrilled

stemsorinjectedintostems.Nobroadcastapplicationswillbeapplied.5. Avoidmodifyingorchangingthehydrologyofthehabitat.

BR‐16 CallippeSilverspotButterflyAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasures

1. Noherbicidewillbeappliedwithin100feetofhostplantpopulations.Spotapplicationtocutstumps,frilledstems,orinjectedintostemsareacceptable.Nobroadcastapplicationswillbeapplied.

2. Cuttreesthatareremovedinthevicinityofhostplantswillbehandcarriedratherthandraggedtodisposalareas.

3. Avoidorminimizetheremovalofhostplant,Johnnyjump‐up(Violapedunculata).4. Avoidworkinsuitablehabitatduringtheflightandmatingseason(mid‐Maytomid‐July);establishaminimum

300‐footbufferaroundhostplants.


BMP ID Name BMP

BR‐17 GoldenEagleAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasures

1. Ifanactivenestisidentifiednearaproposedworkareaworkwillbeconductedoutsideofthenestingseason(February1toSeptember1).

2. Ifanactivenestisidentifiednearaproposedworkareaandworkcannotbeconductedoutsideofthenestingseason,ano‐activityzonewillbeestablishedbyaqualifiedbiologist.Theno‐activityzonewillbelargeenoughtoavoidnestabandonmentandwillataminimumbe250‐feetradiusfromthenest.

3. Ifaneffectiveno‐activityzonecannotbeestablishedineithercase,anexperiencedgoldeneaglebiologistwilldevelopasite‐specificplan(i.e.,aplanthatconsidersthetypeandextentoftheproposedactivity,thedurationandtimingoftheactivity,thesensitivityandhabituationoftheeagles,andthedissimilarityoftheproposedactivitywithbackgroundactivities)toavoidthepotentialtoaffectthereproductivesuccessoftheeagles.

BR‐18 TricoloredBlackbirdAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasures

1. Ifanactivenestcolonyisidentifiednearaproposedworkareaworkwillbeconductedoutsideofthenestingseason(February1toSeptember1).

BR‐19 BurrowingOwlAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasures

1. Ifanactivenestisidentifiednearaproposedworkareaworkwillbeconductedoutsideofthenestingseason(February1toSeptember1).

2. Ifanactivenestisidentifiednearaproposedworkareaandworkcannotbeconductedoutsideofthenestingseason,ano‐activityzonewillbeestablishedbyaqualifiedbiologist.Theno‐activityzonewillbelargeenoughtoavoidnestabandonmentandwillataminimumbe250‐feetradiusfromthenest.

3. Ifburrowingowlsarepresentatthesiteduringthenon‐breedingperiod,aqualifiedbiologistwillestablishano‐activityzoneofatleast150feet.

4. Ifaneffectiveno‐activityzonecannotbeestablishedineithercase,anexperiencedburrowingowlbiologistwilldevelopasite‐specificplan(i.e.,aplanthatconsidersthetypeandextentoftheproposedactivity,thedurationandtimingoftheactivity,thesensitivityandhabituationoftheowls,andthedissimilarityoftheproposedactivitywithbackgroundactivities)tominimizethepotentialtoaffectthereproductivesuccessoftheowls.

5. AllburrowingowlsurveyswillbecompletedconsistentwiththeCDFWStaffReportonBurrowingOwlMitigation(2012).

BR‐20 DenAvoidanceforAmericanBadgerandSanJoaquinKitFox

1. AqualifiedbiologistwillsurveyproposedworkareaswithinsuitableAmericanbadgerandSanJoaquinkitfoxhabitatinthespecies’rangesimmediatelypriortoSMPactivitiesthatareplannedtoaffectsuchdensortheimmediatearea.Denswillbescopedandconfirmationthattheyareemptywillbemadepriortodisturbanceoftheden.

2. SanJoaquinkitfoxexclusionzoneswillbeimplementedfollowingUSFWSprocedures(U.S.FishandWildlifeService1999)orthelatestUSFWSproceduresavailableatthetime.Theradiusofthesezoneswillfollowcurrentstandardsorwillbeasfollows:PotentialDen—50feet;KnownDen—100feet;NatalorPuppingDen—tobedeterminedonacase‐by‐casebasisincoordinationwithUSFWSandCDFW.SuchexclusionszoneswillalsoapplytopotentialandknownAmericanbadgerburrows.


BMP ID Name BMP

CulturalResourcesProtection

CR‐1 CulturalResourcesInvestigation

1. Formaintenanceactivitieswhichrequireexcavationintonativesoils,andforallnewsedimentdisposalsites,aculturalresourcesinvestigationshallbeconductedbyaqualifiedprofessionalarchaeologistpriortoperformingthemaintenanceactivity.Theculturalresourcesinvestigationshallincludethefollowingelements:a. BackgroundResearchandNativeAmericanConsultation.Anupdatedrecordssearchshallbe

conductedatlocationsplannedformaintenancethathavenothadarecordssearchcompletedwithinthepreviousfiveyears.Sedimentdisposalsitesshallonlyrequireaninitialrecordssearch.Investigationsshouldbeginwithareviewofthedataacquiredforthisdocumenttodeterminewhethertheproposedactivitywilloccurwithinapreviously‐knownculturally‐sensitivearea.AnaddendumrecordssearchattheNWICwillalsobenecessarytodetermineifanyculturalresourceshavebeenrecordedsincethecreationofthisdocument.Therecordssearchwillidentifyresourceswithinorneartheprojectlocationanddeterminewhetherthatlocationhasbeenpreviouslysurveyeduptocurrentstandards.Inconjunctionwiththebackgroundresearch,theappropriateNativeAmericanTribeswillbecontactedtoprovidecommentsorconcernsaboutamaintenanceactivitylocation.TheNAHCwillalsobecontactedforaSacredLandsFileCheck.

b. PedestrianSurvey.Ifanadequatesurveyhasnotbeencompletedforaprojectlocationwithinaten‐yearperiodfromthedateofscheduledmaintenance,apedestriansurveyisrequired.Sedimentdisposalsitesshallonlyrequireaninitialpedestriansurvey.Allareasofexposedgroundshouldbecloselyinspectedforthepresenceofculturalmaterials.Areasofdensevegetationshouldbeinspectedascloselyaspossibleandanyexposedcreekorchannelbanksshouldbecarefullyexaminedforthepresenceofburiedculturalresources.Dependingonthelikelihoodforencounteringsubsurfaceremains,basedonananalysisofsitedistributionandgeomorphologyoftheprojectlocation,aseriesofsmall,hand‐augerboringsmaybeexcavated,withallsedimentspassedthrough¼‐inchscreen,toassurethatnosubsurfacearchaeologicalmaterialsarepresent.Theaugerboringswouldalsoprovideaninitialassessmentofthesurfaceintegrityofthelandform(e.g.,isasubstantialamountofimportedorredepositfillmaterialpresent?)andprovideadditionalinformationaboutthepotentialforburiedarchaeologicalmaterial.Ifthelimitedsubsurfacetestingdoesnotrevealburiedculturalmaterial,therewillbelesslikelihoodthatunexpecteddiscoverieswilldelayactivities.Ifanarchaeologicaldepositisencountered,apreliminaryassessmentofsiteboundariesshouldbemadeinconsultationwiththeappropriateaffiliatedtribe(s).Anyarchaeologicalmaterialrecoveredinaugerholeswillberecorded,cataloged,andre‐deposited.Amapshouldbeprepareddepictingsiteboundariesinrelationtotheprojectarea,andthesiteshouldberecordedonastandardarchaeologicalsiterecord(DPR523form).

c. Documentation.Iffindingsarenegative,theseresultswillbepresentedintheSMPannualnotificationpackage.Iffindingsarepositive,apositiveArchaeologicalSurveyReport(ASR)/HistoricPropertySurveyReport(HPSR)willbepreparedthatincludesappropriatebackgroundresearch,siterecords,andrecommendationsforadditionalwork.Priortofinalizationofsuchdocumentation,acopywillbeprovided


BMP ID Name BMP

totheappropriateaffiliatedtribe(s)forreviewandcomment.Thereportwillincluderesultsofbackgroundresearch,descriptionsoffieldwork,findings,appropriatemapsandphotos,andarecordofNativeAmericanconsultation.Acoverletterwilldetailmanagementrecommendations,whichcouldincludearchaeologicalandNativeAmericanmonitoring,siteavoidance,ortestexcavationstodeterminesitesignificance.ThereportwillbesubmittedtotheCityandtheNWIC.Allinformationregardingthesitelocations,NativeAmericanhumanremains,andassociatedfuneraryobjectswillbekeptconfidentialandwillnotbemadeavailableforpublicdisclosure.Thefinalwrittenreportwillbesubmittedwithin3monthsafterworkhasbeencompletedtotheNWIC.

d. ManagementRequirements.Ifaculturalresourceislocatedwithinanareaofmaintenanceactivitythefollowingstepsshallbeimplemented.Thefollowingareexamplesofmanagementrequirementsregardingthetreatmentofknownorunknownculturalresources;othermeasuresmaybeimplementedinstead,providedtheyareatleastasprotectiveoftheculturalresourceinquestion.

e. ArchaeologicalandNativeAmericanMonitoring.TheCityshallretaintheservicesofaNativeAmericanmonitororNativeAmericanMonitors,dependingonthesiteconstraints,throughagreementswiththeappropriateaffiliatedtribe(s),andaqualifiedarchaeologicalconsultantthathasexpertiseinCaliforniaprehistorytomonitorground‐disturbingactivitieswithin200feetofknownarchaeologicalsitesorinareasdesignatedashavingahighpotentialforencounteringarchaeologicalsites.Ifanintactarchaeologicaldepositisencountered,allsoildisturbingactivitiesinthevicinityofthedepositshouldstopuntilthedepositisevaluated.ThearchaeologicalmonitorshallimmediatelynotifytheCityoftheencounteredarchaeologicaldeposit.Themonitorsshall,aftermakingareasonableefforttoassesstheidentity,integrity,andsignificanceoftheencounteredarchaeologicaldeposit,presentthefindingsofthisassessmenttotheCity.Duringthecourseofthemonitoring,thearchaeologistmayadjustthefrequency—fromcontinuoustointermittent—ofthemonitoringbasedontheconditionsandprofessionaljudgmentregardingthepotentialtoimpactresources.

f. CulturalResourcesMonitoringPlan.Ifmonitoringisthepreferredrecommendation,aculturalresourcesmonitoringplanshallbepreparedbyaqualifiedprofessionalarchaeologist.Priortofinalizationoftheplan,acopywillbeprovidedtotheappropriateaffiliatedtribe(s)forreviewandcomment.Theplanshouldaddress(butnotbelimitedto)thefollowingissues: Trainingprogramforallconstructioninvolvedinsitedisturbanceandfieldworkers; Person(s)responsibleforconductingmonitoringactivities,includingNativeAmericanmonitors; Howthemonitoringshallbeconductedandtherequiredformat; Contentofmonitoringreports,includinganynecessaryarchaeologicalresurvey; Person(s)responsibleforoverseeinganddirectingthemonitors; Scheduleforsubmittalofmonitoringreportsandperson(s)responsibleforreviewandapprovalof

monitoringreports; Proceduresandconstructionmethodstoavoidsensitiveculturalresourceareas;


BMP ID Name BMP

Cleardelineationandfencingofsensitiveculturalresourceareasrequiringmonitoring; Physicalmonitoringboundaries(e.g.,200‐footradiusofaknownsite); Protocolfornotificationsandstop‐workguidelinesincaseofencounteringofculturalresources,aswell

asmethodsofdealingwiththeencounteredresources(e.g.,collection,identification,curation); Methodstoensuresecurityofculturalresourcessites; Protocolfornotifyinglocalauthorities(i.e.,Sheriff,Police)shouldsitelootingandotherillegalactivities

occurduringconstruction.IftheCity,inconsultationwiththemonitors,determinesthatasignificantarchaeologicalresourceispresentandthattheresourcecouldbeadverselyaffectedbytheproposedProject,theCityshall: Re‐designtheproposedprojecttoavoidanyadverseeffectonthesignificantresource;or, Implementanarchaeologicaldatarecoveryprogram(ADRP)(unlessthearchaeologistdeterminesthat

thearchaeologicalresourceisofgreaterinterpretivethanresearchsignificance,andthatinterpretiveuseoftheresourceisfeasible).Theprojectarchaeologist,theCity,andappropriateaffiliatedtribe(s)shallmeetandconsulttodeterminethescopeoftheADRP.ThearchaeologistwillprepareadraftADRPandsubmitittotheCityforreviewandapproval.PriortofinalizationoftheADRP,acopywillbeprovidedtotheappropriateaffiliatedtribe(s)forreviewandcomment.TheADRPwillidentifyhowtheproposeddatarecoveryprogramwillpreservethesignificantinformationthearchaeologicalresourceisexpectedtocontain.TheADRPwillidentifythescientific/historicresearchquestionsapplicabletotheexpectedresource,thedataclassestheresourceisexpectedtopossess,andhowtheexpecteddataclasseswilladdresstheapplicableresearchquestions.Datarecovery,ingeneral,shallbelimitedtotheportionsofthehistoricpropertythatcouldbeadverselyaffectedbytheproposedProject.Destructivedatarecoverymethodsshallnotbeappliedtoportionsofthearchaeologicalresourcesifnondestructivemethodsarepractical.

CR‐2 PreviouslyUndiscoveredCulturalResources

1. InadvertentDiscoveries.Ifdiscoveryismadeofitemsofhistoricalorarchaeologicalinterest,activitywillimmediatelyceaseintheprojectlocation(withinapproximately50‐feet)ofdiscovery.Prehistoricarchaeologicalmaterialsmightincludeobsidianandchertflaked‐stonetools(e.g.,projectilepoints,knives,scrapers)ortool‐makingdebris;culturallydarkenedsoil(“midden”)containingheat‐affectedrocks,artifacts,orshellfishremains;andstonemillingequipment(e.g.,mortars,pestles,handstones,ormillingslabs);andbatteredstonetools,suchashammerstonesandpittedstones.Historic‐periodmaterialsmightincludestone,concrete,oradobefootingsandwalls;filledwellsorprivies;anddepositsofmetal,glass,and/orceramicrefuse.AftercessationofexcavationthecontractorshallimmediatelycontacttheCity.MaintenancewillnotresumeuntilauthorizationisreceivedfromtheCity.

2. Intheeventofunanticipateddiscoveryofarchaeologicalindicatorsduringconstruction,theCitywillretaintheservicesofaqualifiedprofessionalarchaeologisttoevaluate,inconsultationwiththeappropriateaffiliatedtribe(s),thesignificanceoftheitemspriortoresuminganyactivitiesthatcouldimpactthesite.


BMP ID Name BMP

3. InthecaseofanunanticipatedarchaeologicaldiscoverythatisdeterminedtobepotentiallyeligibleforlistingintheNationaland/orCaliforniaRegister,andthesitecannotbeavoided,theCitywillimplementanADRP,preparedbyaqualifiedarchaeologist,asoutlinedunderBMPCR‐1.

4. DiscoveryofHumanRemains.Ifpotentialhumanremainsareencountered,theCityshallhaltworkinthevicinityofthefindandcontactthecountycoronerinaccordancewithPublicResourcesCodeSection5097.98andHealthandSafetyCodeSection7050.5.IfthecoronerdeterminestheremainsareNativeAmerican,thecoronerwillcontacttheNAHC.AsprovidedinPublicResourcesCodeSection5097.98,theNAHCwillidentifythepersonorpersonsbelievedtobemostlikelydescendedfromthedeceasedNativeAmerican.TheMostLikelyDescendentmakesrecommendationsformeansoftreatingordisposingof,withappropriatedignity,thehumanremainsandanyassociatedgravegoodsasprovidedinPublicResourcesCodeSection5097.98.

CR‐3 PreviouslyUndiscoveredPaleontologicalResources

1. Iffossilremainsareencounteredduringmaintenance,themaintenanceactivitywillbestoppeduntilaqualifiedprofessionalpaleontologistcanassessthenatureandimportanceofthefindandrecommendappropriatetreatment.TheCityshallretainaconsultantwhomeetstheSocietyforVertebratePaleontology’scriteriafora“qualifiedprofessionalpaleontologist”(SocietyofVertebratePaleontologyConformableImpactMitigationGuidelinesCommittee1995).Treatmentmayincludepreparationandrecoveryoffossilmaterialssothattheycanbehousedinanappropriatemuseumoruniversitycollection,andmayalsoincludepreparationofareportforpublicationdescribingthefinds.TheCityshallberesponsibleforensuringthattherecommendationsofthepaleontologistregardingtreatmentandreportingareimplemented.

HazardousMaterialsSafety

HAZ‐1 SpillPreventionandResponsePlan

1. TheCitywilldevelopaSpillPreventionandResponsePlanpriortocommencementofmaintenanceactivities.TheplanwillsummarizethemeasuresrequiredunderBMPsHAZ‐2throughHAZ‐6.Itwillalsorequirethat:a. Equipmentandmaterialsforcleanupofspillsbeavailableonsiteandthatspillsandleakswillbecleaned

upimmediatelyanddisposedofproperly.b. Priortoenteringtheworksite,allfieldpersonnelshallbeappropriatelytrainedinspillprevention,

hazardousmaterialcontrol,andclean‐upofaccidentalspills.c. Fieldpersonnelshallimplementmeasurestoensurethathazardousmaterialsareproperlyhandledandthe

qualityofwaterresourcesisprotectedbyallreasonablemeans.d. Spillpreventionkitsshallalwaysbeincloseproximitywhenusinghazardousmaterials(e.g.,crewtrucks

andotherlogicallocations).Allfieldpersonnelshallbeadvisedoftheselocationsandtrainedintheirappropriateuse.

TheCitywillroutinelyinspecttheworksitetoverifythattheSpillPreventionandResponsePlanisproperlyimplementedandmaintained.TheCitywillnotifycontractorsimmediatelyifthereisanoncomplianceissueandwillrequirecompliance.Absorbentmaterialswillbeusedonsmallspillslocatedonimpervioussurfaceratherthanhosingdownthespill;washwatersshallnotdischargetothestormdrainagesystemorsurfacewaters.Forsmallspillson


BMP ID Name BMP

pervioussurfacessuchassoils,wetmaterialswillbeexcavatedandproperlydisposedratherthanburyingit.Theabsorbentmaterialswillbecollectedanddisposedofproperlyandpromptly.Asdefinedin40CFR110,afederalreportablespillofpetroleumproductsisthespilledquantitythat: violatesapplicablewaterqualitystandards; causesafilmorsheenon,ordiscolorationof,thewatersurfaceoradjoiningshoreline;or causesasludgeoremulsiontobedepositedbeneaththesurfaceofthewateroradjoiningshorelines.Ifaspillisreportable,thecontractor’ssuperintendentwillnotifytheCity,andtheCitywilltakeactiontocontacttheappropriatesafetyandcleanupcrewstoensurethattheSpillPreventionandResponsePlanisfollowed.AwrittendescriptionofreportablereleasesmustbesubmittedtotheSFBRWQCBandtheCaliforniaDepartmentofToxicSubstancesControl(DTSC).Thissubmittalmustcontainadescriptionoftherelease,includingthetypeofmaterialandanestimateoftheamountspilled,thedateoftherelease,anexplanationofwhythespilloccurred,andadescriptionofthestepstakentopreventandcontrolfuturereleases.Thereleaseswillbedocumentedonaspillreportform.Ifanappreciablespillhasoccurred,andresultsdeterminethatprojectactivitieshaveadverselyaffectedsurfacewaterorgroundwaterquality,adetailedanalysiswillbeperformedtothespecificationsofDTSCtoidentifythelikelycauseofcontamination.Thisanalysiswillincluderecommendationsforreducingoreliminatingthesourceormechanismsofcontamination.Basedonthisanalysis,theCityorcontractorswillselectandimplementmeasurestocontrolcontamination,withaperformancestandardthatsurfaceandgroundwaterqualitymustbereturnedtobaselineconditions.ThesemeasureswillbesubjecttoapprovalbytheCity,DTSC,andtheSFBRWQCB.

HAZ‐2 EquipmentandVehicleMaintenance

1. Allvehiclesandequipmentwillbekeptclean.Excessivebuild‐upofoilorgreasewillbeavoided.2. Allequipmentusedinthecreekorchannelwillbeinspectedforleakseachdaypriortoinitiationofwork.

Actionwillbetakentopreventorrepairleaks,ifnecessary.3. Vehicleandequipmentmaintenanceactivitieswillbeconductedoff‐siteorinadesignated,protectedareaaway

fromthecreekorchannelwherevehiclefluidsandspillscanbehandledwithreducedrisktowaterquality.4. Ifmaintenancemustoccuron‐site,designatedareaswillnotdirectlyconnecttotheground,surfacewaters,or

thestormdrainagesystemtopreventtherun‐onofstormwaterandrunoffofspills.Theserviceareawillbeclearlydesignatedwithberms,gravelbags,orotherbarriers.

5. Secondarycontainment,suchasadrainpanordropcloth,tocatchspillsorleakswillbeusedwhenremovingorchangingfluids.Fluidswillbestoredinappropriatecontainerswithcovers,andproperlyrecycledordisposedofoff‐site.

6. Crackedbatterieswillbestoredinanon‐leakingsecondarycontainerandremovedfromthesite.7. Spillclean‐upmaterialswillbestockpiledwheretheyarereadilyaccessible.8. Incomingvehiclesandequipmentwillbecheckedforleakingoilandfluids(includingdeliverytrucks,and

employeeandsubcontractorvehicles).Leakingvehiclesorequipmentwillnotbeallowedon‐site.


BMP ID Name BMP

HAZ‐3 EquipmentandVehicleCleaning

1. Equipmentwillbecleanedofanysedimentorvegetationbeforetransferringandusinginadifferentwatershedtoavoidspreadingpathogensorexotic/invasivespeciesbetweenwatersheds.

2. Vehiclesandequipmentwillnotbewashedon‐site.VehicleandequipmentwashingwilloccuronanappropriatewashrackattheCitymaintenancecenter.

HAZ‐4 Refueling 1. Vehiclesorequipmentwillnotberefueledwithin100feetofawetland,creek,channel,orotherwaterwayunlessabermedandlinedrefuelingareaisconstructed.

2. Forstationaryequipmentthatmustbefueledon‐site,secondarycontainment,suchasadrainpanordropcloth,shallbeprovidedinsuchamannertopreventaccidentalspilloffuelstounderlyingsoil,surfacewater,orthestormdrainagesystem.

HAZ‐5 On‐SiteHazardousMaterialsManagement

1. Theproductsusedand/orexpectedtobeusedandtheendproductsthatareproducedand/orexpectedtobeproducedaftertheirusewillbeinventoried.

2. Asappropriate,containerswillbeproperlylabeledwitha“HazardousWaste”labelandhazardouswastewillbeproperlyrecycledordisposedofoff‐site.

3. Contactofchemicalswithprecipitationwillbeminimizedbystoringchemicalsinwatertightcontainersorinastorageshed(completelyenclosed),withappropriatesecondarycontainmenttopreventanyspillageorleakage.

4. Quantitiesofequipmentfuelsandlubricantsgreaterthan55gallonsshallbeprovidedwithsecondarycontainmentthatiscapableofcontaining110%oftheprimarycontainer(s).

5. Petroleumproducts,chemicals,cement,fuels,lubricants,andnon‐stormdrainagewaterorwatercontaminatedwiththeaforementionedmaterialsshallnotbeallowedtoenterreceivingwatersorthestormdrainagesystem.

6. Sanitationfacilities(e.g.,portabletoilets)willbesurroundedbyaberm,andadirectconnectiontothestormdrainagesystemorreceivingwaterwillbeavoided.

7. Sanitationfacilitieswillberegularlycleanedand/orreplaced,andinspectedregularlyforleaksandspills.8. Wastedisposalcontainerswillbecoveredwhentheyarenotinuse,andadirectconnectiontothestorm

drainagesystemorreceivingwaterwillbeavoided.9. Alltrashthatisbroughttoaprojectsiteduringmaintenanceactivities(e.g.,plasticwaterbottles,plasticlunch

bags)willberemovedfromthesitedaily.

HAZ‐6 ExistingHazardousSitesorWaste

1. TheCitywillconductasearchforexistingknowncontaminatedsitesontheStateWaterResourceControlBoard’sGeoTrackerwebsite(http://www.geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov)whennewmaintenancesitesareidentified.Foranyproposedmaintenancesiteslocatedwithin1,500feetofany“open”siteswherecontaminationhasnotbeenremediated,theCitywillcontacttheSFBRWQCBcasemanagerlistedinthedatabase.TheCitywillworkwiththecasemanagertoensuremaintenanceactivitieswouldnotaffectcleanupormonitoringactivitiesorthreatenthepublicorenvironment.

2. Ifhazardousmaterials,suchasoilorpaintcans,areencounteredatthemaintenancesites,theCitywillcarefullyremoveanddisposeofthemaccordingtotheSpillPreventionandResponseplan.Citystaffwillwearproper


BMP ID Name BMP

protectivegearandstorethewasteinanappropriatehazardouswastecontaineruntilitcanbedisposedatahazardouswastefacility.

HAZ‐7 FirePrevention 1. Allearthmovingandportableequipmentwithinternalcombustionengineswillbeequippedwithsparkarrestors.

2. Duringthehighfiredangerperiod(April1–December1),workcrewswillhaveappropriatefiresuppressionequipmentavailableattheworksite.

3. Ondayswhenthefiredangerishighandaburnpermitisrequired,flammablematerials,includingflammablevegetationslash,willbekeptatleast10feetawayfromanyequipmentthatcouldproduceaspark,fire,orflame.

4. Ondayswhenthefiredangerishighandaburnpermitisrequired,portabletoolspoweredbygasoline‐fueledinternalcombustionengineswillnotbeusedwithin25feetofanyflammablematerialsunlessatleastoneround‐pointshovelorfireextinguisheriswithinimmediatereachoftheworkcrew(nomore25feetawayfromtheworkarea).

HAZ‐8 TestingandDisposalofSpoils

1. Afterselectingpotentialsedimentdisposallocationsandpriortodisposingofexcavatedsediment,theCitywilltestthesedimenttodeterminethesuitabilityfordisposalbasedonpresenceofcontaminants.Criteriaforsedimentdisposalattheselectedlocationswilldictatetheconcentrationsofcontaminantssuchasmetals,pesticides,organiccompounds,totalorganiccarbon,asbestos,totalsulfides,ammonia,andtoxicitywhichareacceptableatthedisposallocations.AsspecifiedintheSedimentSamplingandAnalysisGuidelines,sampleswillbecomparedagainstfederalandstateenvironmentalscreeninglevels(ESLs)forprotectionofhumanhealth,groundwaterquality,andterrestrialreceptors.

2. Ifhazardouslevelsofcontaminantsarepresentsuchthatdisposalatthepreferredlocationsisnotfeasible,thematerialwillbetakentoapermittedhazardouswastefacility.


VEG‐1 RemovalofExistingVegetation

1. Vegetationpruningandremovalactivitieswillbeconductedundertheguidanceofastaffbiologistorcertifiedarborist.

2. Onlyvegetationthatisnoxious,invasive,hazardous,orcouldobstructcreekorchannelflowswillberemoved.Herbaceouslayersthatprovideerosionprotectionandhabitatvaluewillbeleftinplace.Invasiveplantspeciesthatinhibitthehealthand/orgrowthofnativeripariantreeswillbetargetedforremoval.

3. Whereachoicebetweenspeciesthatmayberemovedtomaintainfloodconveyanceisfeasible,slower‐growingspeciessuchasoaks(Quercusspp.)orWesternsycamores(Platanusracemosa)thatdeveloplargecanopieswillbepreferentiallypreserved,becausethesespeciestakelongertoestablish,andprovideessentialnestinghabitatforcavitynestersandfoodsourcesforavarietyofresidentandmigratoryanimalsandbirds.Faster‐growingspeciessuchasalders(Alnusspp.)andcottonwoods(Populusspp.)arethesecondpriorityforpreservation;thesesingle‐trunkedspeciesofferthebenefitofimprovedfloodconveyanceandreducedroughnessbycomparisonwithmulti‐trunkedspecies.


BMP ID Name BMP

4. Vegetationwillberemovedand/orprunedinsuchamannerthatcreekorchannelroughnessisreducedwhileallowingthemaximumamountofvegetationtoremaininplace.Treeswillbetrimmedorprunedtoreduceimpedanceoffloodflowswhileallowingthecanopytodevelop.Specificsforeachsitewilldiffer,buttypicaloptionsincludelimbinguptoremovelowerbranchesthathavepotentialtointerferewithfloodflows,andpruningintoa“fan”roughlyparalleltoflowdirection.Inareaswhereextensivevegetationremovalisdesirabletomaintainfloodflowcapacity,phasingofremovalshallbeconsideredsothatsomevegetationmayremaininplacetoprovidehabitattobirds.

5. Vegetationmanagementwillemphasizethepreservationoflargematuretreesthatprovidewelldevelopedoverstoryforbirdhabitat,canopyclosureforcreekandchannelshading,andaddverticalcomplexitytotheripariancorridor.ThisincludesspeciessuchasWesternsycamorewhichshallbeavoidedwheneverfeasible.Vegetationmanagementwillbeconductedinsuchamannerthatmaximizesshadingovertheactivechannel.Largertreeswillberetainedonbothsidesofnorth‐southflowingstreamsandonthesouthsideofeast‐westflowingstreams.Wherevegetationisremovedfromtheactivechannel,removalwilltargetnonnativespeciesandremovalofnativespeciesthatarestiffand/ormulti‐trunkedsuchasarroyowillow(Salixlasiolepis).Treeswillneverbetoppedasthisencouragesshrubbygrowthandweakbranchattachments.

6. Largewoodydebris,stumps,orrootwadsthatarefullyorpartiallyburiedanddonotpresentafloodhazardshallbeallowedtoremaininplacetoprovidehabitatandtomaintainbankstability.

7. Ifvegetationrequiresremovalforaccesstoprojectsite,non‐nativespeciesand/orquickgrowingspeciesshallbetargetedfirstforremoval.Removalofnative,maturetreeswillbeavoidedwheneverpossible.

8. Totheextentfeasible,removednativevegetationshallbesavedtoreplantaftermaintenanceorplantinothernearbysites.Thisincludesthereuseofmulchandwillowsprigswherepossible.

VEG‐2 InvasivePlantSpeciesControlMeasures

1. Constructionequipmentshallarriveatthemaintenanceprojectsitecleanandfreeofsoil,seed,andplantpartstoreducethelikelihoodofintroducingnewweedspecies.

2. Anyimportedfillmaterial,soilamendments,gravel,etc.,requiredforconstructionand/orrestorationactivitiesthatwouldbeplacedwithintheupper12inchesofthegroundsurfaceshallbefreeofvegetationandplantmaterial.

3. Certifiedweed‐freeimportederosion‐controlmaterialsshallbeused.4. Invasivespecies(suchaspampasgrass[Cortaderiaspp.],giantreed[Arundodonax]),occurringwithin

sedimentorvegetationmanagementlocationsshallbeflaggedforremovalbyabiologistfamiliarwiththeidentificationofsuchspecies.InvasivespeciesshallthenberemovedconsistentwiththerecommendationsoftheCaliforniaInvasivePlantCouncil(Cal‐IPC;http://www.cal‐ipc.org).Invasivespecies,alongwithassociatedduffandtopsoilshallbedisposedofattheCountylandfill.Thesematerialsshallnotbeallowedtobeintegratedwithotheronsitetopsoilmaterialsintendedforsalvageandreplacement.

5. Invasivespeciesremovalshalloccurbeforeweedspeciesseedsetwheneverfeasible.6. Invasivespeciesremovedfromthemaintenanceprojectsiteshallbehandledinamannertopreventspreadof

seedandshallbecontainedsuchthatstrayplantpartsdonotleavethesiteorcontaminateadjacentareas.


BMP ID Name BMP

VEG‐3 UseofHerbicidesandPesticides

1. AllherbicideandpesticideuseshallbeconsistentwithallFederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct(FIFRA)labelinstructionsandanyuseconditionsissuedbytheAlamedaCountyAgriculturalCommissioner.

2. Herbicideusewillberestrictedtotheminimumamountneededtoensureadequatecontrolofvegetation.3. Applicationofherbicidesorpesticidestouplandareasshallnotbemadewithin72hoursofpredictedrainfall.4. HerbicidesandpesticideswillnotbedirectlyappliedtowatersoftheU.S.5. Noherbicidewillbeappliedwithin100feetofexclusionzones(seeBR‐1),exceptwhenappliedtocutstumps

orfrilledstemsorinjectedintostems.Nobroadcastapplicationswillbeapplied.6. Herbicidesandpesticides,includingAquaMaster©andRenovate©,willnotbeusedwithin60feetofareas

identifiedintheCourt‐OrderedStipulatedInjunctionfortheprotectionofCaliforniared‐leggedfrogs.TheCitywillreviewthedetailsandexceptionsinthecourtorderandcomplywiththeherbicideusebuffersasappropriate.

VEG‐4 UseofGrazingAnimals 1. Grazinganimalsmayincludeuseofsheep,goats,orcows.Grazinganimalswillberestrictedtoadults(i.e.,noyoungunder6monthstoreducethepotentialforintroducingpathogensintothewatersource).

2. Grazingwillbeallowedonlywhenthechannelisdry.Ininstanceswherethereisaperennialflow,grazingmustbelimitedtosheeporgoatsandtemporaryelectricfencingmustbeinstalledtokeepanimalsoutofthewettedchannel.

3. Waterwillbeprovidedforgrazinganimalsfromsourcesotherthanthewettedchanneltoreducethepressureonthewettedarea.

4. Ashepherdwillbepresentwiththeanimalsatalltimes.

VEG‐5 PlantingandRevegetationAfterSoilDisturbance

ThisBMPappliestorevegetationactivitiesnotassociatedwithmitigationactions.Mitigationactionswillhaveproject‐specificrequirementsandsuccesscriteria.

1. Siteswheremaintenanceactivitiesresultinexposedsoilwillbestabilizedtopreventerosionandrevegetatedwithnativevegetationassoonasfeasibleaftermaintenanceactivitiesarecomplete.

2. Revegetationwilloccurataratioofatleast1½:1toaccountforinitialmortalityofplantings.3. Ifsoilmoistureisdeficient,newvegetationwillbesuppliedwithsupplementalwateruntilvegetationisfirmly

established.4. Totheextentpossible,nativegrassseedwillbeusedwhenseedingaprojectsite.5. Erosioncontrolfabric,hydromulch,orothermechanismwillbeappliedasappropriatetoprovideprotectionto

seeds,holdtheminplace,andhelpretainmoisture.Todiscouragetheintroductionandestablishmentofinvasiveplantspecies,seedmixtures/strawusedwithinnaturalvegetationwillbeeitherricestraworweed‐freestraw.

6. Whenerosioncontrolmattingisrequired,plasticmono‐filamentnettingorsimilarmaterialcontainingnettingshallnotbeusedattheproject.Acceptablesubstitutesincludecoconutcoirmattingortackifiedhydroseedingcompounds.


BMP ID Name BMP

7. Revegetationshallberegularlymonitoredforsurvivalforatfiveyearsoruntil80%minimumsurvival/cover(80%revegetationcoverageisrelativetonaturalcoverageoftheassociatedhabitat)isachieved.Ifinvasivespeciescolonizethearea,actionshallbetakentocontroltheirspread;optionsincludehandandmechanicalremovalandreplantingwithnativespecies.

WaterQualityandCreek/ChannelProtection

WQ‐1 ApplyErosionControlFabrictoorHydroseedingofExposedSoils

1. Uplandsoilsexposedduetomaintenanceactivitieswillbeseededandstabilizedusingerosioncontrolfabricorhydroseeding.ThecreekorchannelbedandotherareasbelowordinaryhighwatermarkareexemptfromthisBMP.

2. Erosioncontrolfabricwillconsistofnaturalfibersthatwillbiodegradeovertime.Plasticmono‐filamentnettingorsimilarmaterialcontainingnettingshallnotbeusedattheproject.Acceptablesubstitutesincludecoconutcoirmattingortackifiedhydroseedingcompounds.Noplasticorothernon‐porousmaterialwillbeusedaspartofapermanenterosioncontrolapproach.Plasticsheetingmaybeusedtotemporarilyprotectaslopefromrunoff,butonlyiftherearenoindicationsthatspecial‐statusspecieswouldnotbeimpactedbytheapplication.

3. Thesitewillbeproperlypreparedtomakesurethefabric/mathascompletecontactwiththesoil.Sitescanbepreparedbygradingandshapingtheinstallationarea;removingallrocks,dirtclods,vegetation,etc.;preparingtheseedbedbylooseningthetop2‐to3‐inchesofsoil;andapplyingsoilamendmentsasdirectedbysoiltests,theseedingplan,andmanufacturer’srecommendations.

4. Theareawillbeseededbeforeinstallingthefabric.Allareasdisturbedduringinstallationwillbere‐seeded.5. Erosioncontrolfabricwillbeanchoredinplace.AnchorscanincludeU‐shapedwirestaples,metalgeotextiles

stakepinsortriangularwoodenstakes.6. Themanufacturer’sinstallationrecommendationswillbefollowed.7. Othererosioncontrolmeasuresshallbeimplementedasnecessarytoensurethatsedimentorother

contaminantsdonotreachsurfacewaterbodiesforstockpiledorreused/disposedsediments.

WQ‐2 PreventScourDownstreamofSedimentRemoval

1. Aftersedimentremoval,thecreekorchannelshallbegradedsothatthetransitionbetweentheexistingcreekorchannelbothupstreamanddownstreamissmoothandcontinuousbetweenthemaintainedandnon‐maintainedareasanddoesnotpresenta“wall”ofsedimentorotherblockagethatcoulderodeonceflowsarerestoredtothecreekorchannel.

WQ‐3 In‐ChannelGrading 1. Wherepre‐maintenancecreekorchannelformexhibiteddesirablefeatures,thecreekorchannelbedwillberegradedtomimicthecreekorchannelformbeforeworkwasconducted.

2. Wherepossible,gradingmayincludecreekorchannelenhancementssuchasexcavationofalow‐flowchannel,developmentofameander,orriffle/poolconfigurations.Nocreekorchannelgradingwilloccurbelowtheas‐builtdesignforthefloodcontrolcreeksorchannels.

3. Wherein‐streamgravelandgravel(orcobble)barsareencountered,sedimentremovalactivitieswillaimtopreservetheoverallshapeandformoftheexistingbarorgravelfeature.Sedimentremovalactivitieswillaimtoretaintheformofthegravelorcobblebarfeature,whilereducingbarelevationsasnecessarytoaccommodatefloodconveyancecapacity.


BMP ID Name BMP

4. Significantearthmoving‐activitieswillnotbeconductedinriparianareaswithin24hoursofpredictedstormsoraftermajorstorms(definedas1‐inchofrainormore).

WQ‐4 DechlorinationProceduresforDischargesintoCreeksandChannels

1. Bazooka(orequivalent)dechlorinationequipmentwillbeattachedtopotablewatersuppliesusedtoperformmaintenanceactivitiesinandaroundcreeksandchannels.

2. Chlorineresidualwillbesampledfollowingattachmentofthedechlorinationequipment,andshallnotexceed0.05mg/l.Chlorineresiduallevelsshallbemonitored15minutesafterstart‐upandeveryhalfhourduringthesteady‐statedischargeofwaterfromadechlorinatingdevicetoverifyproperperformanceduringtheentireperiodofdischarge.

3. Usetheminimumamountofwaternecessarytocompletemaintenanceactivitiesinandaroundcreeksandchannels.Whenfeasible,usevacuumtruckstocollect“flush”waters.

GoodNeighborPolicies

GN‐1 WorkSiteHousekeeping

1. TheCitywillmaintaintheworksiteinaneatandorderlycondition,andwillleavethesiteinaneat,clean,andorderlyconditionwhenworkiscomplete.Totheextentfeasible,slash,sawdust,cuttings,etc.willberemovedtoclearthesiteofvegetationdebris.Pavedaccessroadswillbesweptandclearedofanyresidualvegetationordirtresultingfromthemaintenanceactivity.

2. Foractivitiesthatlastmorethanoneday,materialsorequipmentleftonthesiteovernightwillbestoredasinconspicuouslyaspossible,andwillbeneatlyarranged.

GN‐2 PublicOutreach 1. Ineffortstokeepthepublicinformedaboutstreammaintenancework,whyitisnecessary,whenitoccurs,andwhataneighborhoodcanexpectwhencrewsarrivetoconductmaintenancework,theCitywillpostandupdate informationabouttheSMPandmaintenanceactivitiesontheirwebsite.

2. Eachspring,oncemaintenancesiteshavebeenselectedfortheannualworkseason,informationonthemaintenancesites,approximateworkdates,andcontactinformationwillbepostedontheCity’swebsite.

GN‐3 NoiseControl 1. TheCitywillensurethatpowerequipment(vehicles,heavyequipment,andhandequipmentsuchaschainsaws)isequippedwithoriginalmanufacturer’ssound‐controldevices,oralternatesoundcontrolthatisnolesseffectivethanthoseprovidedasoriginalequipment.Equipmentwillbeoperatedandmaintainedtomeetapplicablestandardsforconstructionnoisegeneration.Noequipmentwillbeoperatedwithanunmuffledexhaust.

GN‐4 TrafficFlow,Pedestrians,andSafetyMeasures

1. Totheextentfeasible,workwillbestagedandconductedinamannerthatmaintainstwo‐waytrafficflowonpublicroadwaysinthevicinityoftheworksite.Iftemporarylaneclosuresarenecessary,theywillbescheduledoutsideofpeaktraffichours(7:00–10:00a.m.and3:00–6:00p.m.)tothemaximumextentpracticable,andadvancewarningsignage,adetourroute,andflaggerswillbeprovidedinbothdirections.

2. Whenworkisconductedonpublicroadsandmayhavethepotentialtoaffecttrafficflow,workwillbecoordinatedwithlocalemergencyserviceprovidersasnecessarytoensurethatemergencyvehicleaccessandresponseisnotimpeded.

12386

Typewritten Text


BMP ID Name BMP

3. Heavyequipmentandhaultrafficwillbeprohibitedinresidentialareas,exceptwhennootherroutetoandfromthesiteisavailable.

4. Accessfordrivewaysandprivateroadswillbemaintainedtotheextentfeasible.Ifbriefperiodsofmaintenancewouldtemporarilyblockaccess,propertyownerswillbenotifiedpriortomaintenanceactivities.

GN‐5 Odors 1. Sedimentthatisrichindecayingorganicmatterthatcouldgenerateassortedmalodorousgasessuchasreducedsulfurcompoundsshallbehandledtominimizeimpactsonsensitivereceptorssuchasnearbyresidentsandbusinessesandtheirpatrons.Ingeneral,suchmaterialswillbehauledoffofthesiteatthetimeofexcavation.Whereitneedstobetemporarilystockpiled,maintenancepersonnelshallstockpilepotentiallyodoroussedimentsasfaraspossiblefromresidentialareas,businessesandtheirpatrons,andotherodorsensitivelanduses.

Table 7‐2. Best Management Practices by Activity Page 1 of 5

VegetationManagement OtherActivities

BMP Name SedimentRem

oval

BankStabilization

Willow

Rem

oval

CattailRem

oval

TreePruning&

ExoticsRem

oval

TreeRem

oval

Top‐of‐Bank

Maintenance

HerbicideUse

BridgeMaintenance

CulvertRepair/

Replacement

HabitatRestoration

&LandscapeMaint.

Trash&Debris

Rem

oval

AccessRoad&Trail

Maintenance

General Impact Avoidance and Minimization

GEN‐1 MaintenanceWorkWindow X X X X X X X X X X X X X

GEN‐2 StagingandStockpilingofMaterials X X X X X X X X X X X X X

GEN‐3 CreekandChannelAccess X X X X X X X X X X X X

AirQualityProtection

AQ‐1 BasicConstructionAirQualityMeasures(basedonBAAQMDAirQualityGuidelines)

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

AQ‐2 AdditionalConstructionAirQualityMeasures(basedonBAAQMDAirQualityGuidelines)


BiologicalResourcesProtection

BR‐1 AreaofDisturbance X X X X X X X X X X X X X

BR‐2 Pre‐MaintenanceEducationalTraining


BR‐3 BiotechnicalBankStabilization X X X X X

BR‐4 ImpactAvoidanceandMinimizationDuringDewatering

X X X X

BR‐5 AmphibianSpeciesRelocation X X X X




oval

BankStabilization

Willow

Rem

oval

CattailRem

oval

TreePruning&

ExoticsRem

oval

TreeRem

oval

Top‐of‐Bank

Maintenance

HerbicideUse

BridgeMaintenance

CulvertRepair/

Replacement

HabitatRestoration

&LandscapeMaint.

Trash&Debris

Rem

oval

AccessRoad&Trail

Maintenance

BR‐6 On‐CallBiologist X X X X X X X X X X X X X

BR‐7 FocalSpeciesPlants X X X X X X X X X X X X X

BR‐8 NestingMigratoryBirdandRaptorPre‐maintenanceSurveys


BR‐9 CaliforniaRed‐leggedFrogAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasuresforGround‐DisturbingActivities

X X X X X X X X X

BR‐10 CaliforniaRed‐leggedFrogAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasuresforVegetationManagement

X X X X X X

BR‐11 CaliforniaTigerSalamanderAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasuresforSedimentandDebrisRemoval

X X X X X X

BR‐12 CaliforniaTigerSalamanderAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasuresforVegetationManagement

X X X X X X

BR‐13 CaliforniaTigerSalamanderAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasuresforBankStabilization

X




oval

BankStabilization

Willow

Rem

oval

CattailRem

oval

TreePruning&

ExoticsRem

oval

TreeRem

oval

Top‐of‐Bank

Maintenance

HerbicideUse

BridgeMaintenance

CulvertRepair/

Replacement

HabitatRestoration

&LandscapeMaint.

Trash&Debris

Rem

oval

AccessRoad&Trail

Maintenance

BR‐14 WesternPondTurtlePre‐maintenanceSurveysforGround‐DisturbingActivities

X X X X X X X

BR‐15 VernalPoolFairyShrimpandLonghornFairyShrimpAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasures

X

BR‐16 CallippeSilverspotButterflyAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasures

X X

BR‐17 GoldenEagleAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasures

X X X X X X X X X X X

BR‐18 TricoloredBlackbirdAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasures

X X X X X X X X X X

BR‐19 BurrowingOwlAvoidanceandImpactMinimizationMeasures


BR‐20 DenAvoidanceforAmericanBadgerandSanJoaquinKitFox

X X X X X X

CulturalResourcesProtection

CR‐1 CulturalResourcesInvestigation X X X X X X X

CR‐2 PreviouslyUndiscoveredCulturalResources

X X X X X X X X X X X X




oval

BankStabilization

Willow

Rem

oval

CattailRem

oval

TreePruning&

ExoticsRem

oval

TreeRem

oval

Top‐of‐Bank

Maintenance

HerbicideUse

BridgeMaintenance

CulvertRepair/

Replacement

HabitatRestoration

&LandscapeMaint.

Trash&Debris

Rem

oval

AccessRoad&Trail

Maintenance

CR‐3 PreviouslyUndiscoveredPaleontologicalResources

X X X X X X X X X X X X

HazardousMaterialsSafety

HAZ‐1 SpillPreventionandResponsePlan X X X X X X X X X X X X X

HAZ‐2 EquipmentandVehicleMaintenance X X X X X X X X X X X X X

HAZ‐3 EquipmentandVehicleCleaning X X X X X X X X X X X X X

HAZ‐4 Refueling X X X X X X X X X X X X X

HAZ‐5 On‐SiteHazardousMaterialsManagement


HAZ‐6 ExistingHazardousSitesorWaste X X X X X X X X X X X X X

HAZ‐7 FirePrevention X X X X X X X X X X X X X

HAZ‐8 TestingandDisposalofSpoils X X X X


VEG‐1 RemovalofExistingVegetation X X X X X X X X X X X X X

VEG‐2 InvasivePlantSpeciesControlMeasures

X X X X X X X

VEG‐3 UseofHerbicidesandPesticides X

VEG‐4 UseofGrazingAnimals X X X X




oval

BankStabilization

Willow

Rem

oval

CattailRem

oval

TreePruning&

ExoticsRem

oval

TreeRem

oval

Top‐of‐Bank

Maintenance

HerbicideUse

BridgeMaintenance

CulvertRepair/

Replacement

HabitatRestoration

&LandscapeMaint.

Trash&Debris

Rem

oval

AccessRoad&Trail

Maintenance

VEG‐5 PlantingandRevegetationAfterSoilDisturbance

X X X X X X X

WaterQualityandCreek/ChannelProtection

WQ‐1 ApplyErosionControlFabrictoorHydroseedingofExposedSoils

X X X X X X X X X X X

WQ‐2 PreventScourDownstreamofSedimentRemoval

X

WQ‐3 In‐ChannelGrading X X X X

WQ‐4 DechlorinationProceduresforDischargesintoCreeksandChannels

X X X X X X X

GoodNeighborPolicies

GN‐1 WorkSiteHousekeeping X X X X X X X X X X X X X

GN‐2 PublicOutreach X X X X X X X X X X X X X

GN‐3 NoiseControl X X X X X X X X X X X X X

GN‐4 TrafficFlow,Pedestrians,andSafetyMeasures


GN‐5 Odors X X X X X

Table 7‐3. Focal Species by SMP Reach Page 1 of 5

Creek or Channel Name Reach

Longhorn & Vernal

Pool Fairy Shrimp

Callippe Silverspot Butterfly

California Tiger

Salamander

California Red‐

Legged Frog

Golden Eagle

Tricolored Blackbird

Western Burrowing

Owl American

Badger

San Joaquin Kit

Fox Plants

AltamontCreek

AC‐1 U U U O* U P U U U P

AC‐2 P U O* O* P U O* P P O*

AC‐3 U U U O* U U U U U U

AC‐4 P U O* O* U P U U U O*

AC‐5 P U O* O* U U O* P P P

AC‐6 P U O* O* U U O* U P O*

AC‐7 U P U O* P U O* P P O*

AltamontCreekTributary

ACT‐1 U U U O* U U P U U P

ACT‐2 P U O* O* U U O* P U O*

ArroyoDelValle

ADV‐1 U U O* O* P U P P U U

ADV‐2 U U O* O* O U P P U P



ADV‐5 U U P/A‐3 O* O U P P U P

ADV‐6 U U P/A‐2 O* O U U U U P

ADV‐7 U U P/A‐2 O* P U U U U P

ADV‐8 U U P/A‐3 O* O U U U U P

ADV‐9 U U P/A‐3 P O U U U U P

ADV‐10 P P O* O* P P P P U P




Longhorn & Vernal

Pool Fairy Shrimp


California Tiger

Salamander

California Red‐

Legged Frog

Golden Eagle


Western Burrowing

Owl American

Badger

San Joaquin Kit

Fox Plants



ADV‐14 U U O* O* P P P P U P

ADV‐15 U P P/A‐2 P P U P P U P

ArroyoLasPositas

ALP‐1 U U U P U U P U U P

ALP‐2 U U U P U U P U P U

ALP‐3 U U U P U U U U U U

ALP‐4 U U U P U P U U U U

ALP‐5 U U U P U U P U U P

ALP‐6 U U P/A‐4 P U U P U U U

ALP‐7 U U U O* P P P P P P

ALP‐8 P P P/A‐2 O* U P P P P P

ALP‐9 U P U O* U P O* U U P

ALP‐10 U U U P U P U U U P

ALP‐11 U U U P U P O* U U P

ALP‐12 U U U O* U P O* U U P

ALP‐13 U U U P U P O* U U P

ALP‐14 U U U P U P U U U P

ALP‐15 U U O* O* U P U U U P

ALP‐16 P U O* O* U U P U U P

ArroyoLasPositas

ALPT‐1 P P P/A‐4 P U U P P P P

ALPT‐2 P P P/A‐3 P U U P P P P



Longhorn & Vernal

Pool Fairy Shrimp


California Tiger

Salamander

California Red‐

Legged Frog

Golden Eagle


Western Burrowing

Owl American

Badger

San Joaquin Kit

Fox Plants

Tributary ALPT‐3 P P P/A‐2 P U U P P P P

ArroyoMocho AM‐1 U U U P U U U U U U

AM‐2 U U U P U U U U U U

AM‐3 U U U U U U U U U U

AM‐4 U U U P U U U U U U

AM‐5 U U H P U U U U U U

AM‐6 U U H P U U U U U P

AM‐7 U U H P U U U U U P

AM‐8 U U U P U U U U U P

AM‐9 U U U P U P U U U U

AM‐10 U U H P U P U U U P

ArroyoSeco AS‐1 U U U P U U P P U P

AS‐2 U U U U U U U U U U


AS‐4 U U U U U U U U U P




AS‐8 U U U U U U U U U P



AS‐11 U U U P U U U U U P



Longhorn & Vernal

Pool Fairy Shrimp


California Tiger

Salamander

California Red‐

Legged Frog

Golden Eagle


Western Burrowing

Owl American

Badger

San Joaquin Kit

Fox Plants



AS‐14 P U U P U U P P U P

AS‐15 U U U P U U P U U U

BearCreekBasins

P U P/A‐1 P U U P P P P

CollierCanyonCreek

CCC‐1 U U U P U U U U U U


CCC‐3 U U U P U U U U U P



CCC‐6 U U P/A‐2 P U U U U U P

CCC‐7 U U P/A‐1 P U U P P U P

CottonwoodCreek

CC‐1 U U U P U U P P U P

CC‐2 U U P/A‐1 P U U U U U P

GranadaChannel

GC‐1 U U U U U U U U U U

GC‐2 U U U U U U U U U U

RavenswoodDrainageSwales

U U U U U U U U U U

RealignedArroyoLasPositas

RALP‐1 U U U P U U P U U P

RALP‐2 U U U P U U U U U U

RALP‐3 U U U P U U U U U U



Longhorn & Vernal

Pool Fairy Shrimp


California Tiger

Salamander

California Red‐

Legged Frog

Golden Eagle


Western Burrowing

Owl American

Badger

San Joaquin Kit

Fox Plants

RALP‐4 U U U P U U P P P P



O*=Presencedocumentedwithinreach

P=Potentialtooccur

A‐1=Moderate‐highlikelihoodforoccurrence

A‐2=Moderatelikelihoodforoccurrence

A‐3=Lowlikelihoodforoccurrence

A‐4=Unlikelylikelytooccur

H=Historicoccurrence;recentoccurrencenotconfirmed

U=Unsuitablehabitat,unlikelytooccurand/ornoknownoccurrence


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Chapter 8 Program Mitigation

8.1 Introduction PotentialSMPimpactsaregreatlyreducedthroughtheavoidanceandminimizationmeasuresdescribedinChapters4,5,and7.Effortsaremadetoreducepotentialimpactsthroughpre‐maintenanceplanningandavoidanceapproaches,usingavarietyofimpactavoidanceandreductionmeasuresduringtheactualmaintenancework,andbytakingstepstoreducetheoverallneedformaintenanceworkoverthelongterm.However,therearepotentialprogramimpactsthatarenotentirelyavoidedorreducedthroughsuchsteps.Suchresidualimpactswillrequireadditionalmitigation.ThischapterdescribestheSMP’smitigationprogram.

Section8.2,RegulatoryGuidance,identifiesthemitigationstandardsestablishedintheEACCSand2008MitigationRule(33_CFR_332).MitigationforSMPprogramimpactswillbeconsistentwiththe2008MitigationRuleandEACCSmitigationratiosandstandards,andconservationmeasures.Asdescribedbelow,mitigationwillbedevelopedtomeetdifferentregulatoryneedsinacomprehensivemanner.However,conformancewiththeEACCSmitigationstandardsmaynotalwaysprovidesufficientmitigationforimpactstowatersoftheU.S.subjecttoUSACEjurisdictionorwatersoftheStatesubjecttoSanFranciscoBayRWQCBjurisdiction.

Sections8.3MitigationApproachdescribestheSMP’sthreetierapproachformitigation,wherebyhabitatsandecologicalfunctionsareenhancedorrestored:(1)on‐siteandin‐kindwherethemaintenanceworkoccurred;(2)atotherSMPAreareaches;or(3)outsideoftheSMPAreastreamsbutwithinthewatershed.Thethree‐tieredmitigationapproachensuresthatmitigationseeksfirstandforemosttocompensatefortheimpactsoccurringatthespecificprojectreach,thenexpandstoconsiderotherpotentialreachesorwatershedopportunitiesifcompensationcannotbeentirelyaccomplishedintheprojectreach.

Section8.4,MitigationRatios,describesthepermanentandtemporarymitigationratiosforthreeresourceareas:waters,riparianvegetation,andfocalspecies.

Section8.5,MitigationTiming,describesthetimingfordevelopmentandimplementationofannualmitigationplans.

Section8.6,MitigationNotificationandReporting,describeshowmitigationactivitieswillbecommunicatedandcoordinatedwiththerelevantregulatoryagencies.

8.2 Regulatory Guidance TheSMPmitigationprogramhasbeendesignedtomeetthemitigationrequirementsofavarietyofagencies,includingtheUSACE,theSanFranciscoBayRWQCB,CDFW,andUSFWS.AsummaryoftheirrelevantjurisdictionsisprovidedinTable8‐1;thistableidentifiesthegeographicextentandtypesofactivitiesoverwhicheachagencyhasauthority,andtheactivitiesthatrequirecoverageundertheirrespectiveprogrammaticpermits/approvals.

City of Livermore Program Mitigation


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8.2.1 East Alameda County Conservation Strategy

AnoverviewoftheEACCSisprovidedinSection2.14.1ofthisSMPmanual.Asdescribed,EACCSidentifiesasetofmitigationstandardsforimpactstospecificfocalspeciesandtheirhabitat.ThesestandardsincludeavoidanceandminimizationmeasuresandacompensationframeworktooffsetimpactsexpectedfromprojectsintheEACCSstudyareawhichencompassestheSMPArea.TheEACCSalsoincludesasetofspecificmanagementprescriptionstobenefitnaturalcommunitiesandfocalspecieswithinspecifiedconservationzones,andcreatesaframeworkforfutureconservationeffortsbyoutliningconservationgoalsandobjectives.Goalsandobjectivesaredefinedatbothanaturalcommunitylevelandfocalspecieslevel.ThesearenotdetailedinthisSMPManual,butcanbefoundinChapter3oftheEACCSdocument.

InEACCS,mitigationrequirementsforimpactstofocalspeciesaretypicallyoutlinedatthespecieslevelwhenitisdeterminedthatfocalspeciesutilizeaffectedlandcovertypesforallorpartoftheirlifecycle.Incaseswherenofocalorothernativespeciesarepresentbutnaturalcommunitieswouldbeaffectedbyaproject,mitigationshouldincludeaprovisionfortheprotectionofthesamelandcovertypeata3:1ratio.Themitigationratiomayvarydependingonthequalityofhabitatbeinglost.ThisratiocouldvaryfurtherdependingonthetotalacreageandqualityofthenaturalcommunityinaparticularConservationZone.Inotherwords,iftheprojectwillaffectararenaturalcommunityintheConservationZone,theratiocouldbehigher.Ifthecommunityisfairlycommon,theratiocouldbelower.ChangesintheratiowouldneedtobejustifiedincoordinationwithCDFWandUSFWS.

8.2.2 2008 Final Rule

In2008,newfederalregulationswereestablishedtodefinethestandardsandcriteriaforimplementationofcompensatorymitigationtooffsetunavoidableimpactstowatersoftheUnitedStatesauthorizedbyUSACEpermits.Theseregulationsarecontainedin33CFR332andarecommonlyknownasthe2008FinalRule.

ThefundamentalobjectiveofcompensatorymitigationistooffsetenvironmentallossesresultingfromunavoidableimpactstowatersoftheUnitedStatesasauthorizedbyUSACEpermits(33CFR332[a][1]).The2008FinalRuleprovidesgeneralcompensatorymitigationguidance(33CFR332.3)forseveralkeyissuesregardingmitigationplanningincludingtypeandlocationofcompensatorymitigation,usingawatershedapproach,siteselection,mitigationtype,mitigationamount.Specifically,mitigationshouldbelocatedwithinthesamewatershedastheimpactsite,andshouldbelocatedwhereitismostlikelytosuccessfullyreplacelostfunctionsandservices,takingintoaccountsuchwatershedscalefeaturesasaquatichabitatdiversity,habitatconnectivity,relationshipstohydrologicsources(includingtheavailabilityofwaterrights),trendsinlanduse,ecologicalbenefits,andcompatibilitywithadjacentlanduses(33CFR332.3[b][1]).Inaddition,mitigationshoulduseawatershedapproachwheretheultimategoalistomaintainandimprovethequalityandquantityofaquaticresourceswithinwatershedsthroughstrategicselectionofcompensatorymitigationsites(33CFR332.3[c][1]).Indeterminingtheamountofcompensatorymitigationneeded,theamountmustbe,totheextentpracticable,sufficienttoreplacelostaquaticresourcefunctions.Ifappropriatefunctionalorconditionassessmentmethodsorothersuitablemetricsareavailable,thesemethodsshouldbeusedtodeterminehowmuchcompensatorymitigationisrequired.Ifafunctionalorconditionassessmentorothersuitablemetricisnotused,aminimum1:1acreageorlinearfootcompensationratiomustbeused(33CFR332.3[f][1]).



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8.3 Mitigation Approach ResidualimpactsareimpactsthatarenotavoidedorminimizedthroughtheapplicationofSMPMaintenancePrinciplesandSMPBMPs,oroffsetbythebeneficialeffectsofSMPactivitiesasdescribedinChapter6.Asdirectedbyregulatoryagencies,theseresidualimpactsmayrequirecompensatorymitigation.

Theresidualimpactsinclude:

Temporaryimpactsduringorimmediatelyfollowingmaintenanceactivities1;

Permanenthardeningofthecreekorchannelduetoplacementofrockrip‐rapforbankstabilization,stormdrainoutfallprotection,etc.;and

Temporallossoffunctionsandvaluesofthestreamsystem.

TheseactivitieswillresultinfillofwatersoftheU.S.and/orwatersofthestate,andmayalsoaffectfocalspecies,andthereforerequiremitigation.Additionalimpactsoccurastemporallossduetothetimelagbetweenthelossofaquaticresourcefunctionscausedbythepermittedimpactsandthereplacementofaquaticresourcefunctionsatthecompensatorymitigationsite(definedin33CFR332.2).

TheCityofLivermoreSMPmitigationapproachwasdevelopedbasedontherecently‐permittedSonomaCountyWaterAgencySMPandonEACCS.TheapproachwasrefinedthroughmultiplediscussionswithagencyrepresentativesfromtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB,CDFW,USFWS,andUSACE.MeetingswereheldwithindividualagenciesandalsoasagrouptodeveloptheSMPmitigationapproach.Themitigationstrategywillresultinnonetlossoftheextentofjurisdictionalwaters,eitherwithrespecttoacreageorlinearfeetofjurisdictionalwaters.

Themitigationapproachfollowsathree‐tieredsystemwheremitigationopportunitiesaresoughtfirston‐siteattheprojectlocation(Tier1),andsecondinotherSMPAreareaches(Tier2).MitigationactionsimplementedwithintheSMPAreaonCity‐ownedlandswillbeprotectedinperpetuitythroughplacementofadeedrestriction.Tier3mitigationwilloccurregardlessofthelocationofTier1and2mitigationandisintendedtoaddresstemporalloss.Thethree‐tiermitigationapproachensuresthatmitigationisfirstandforemostdirectedtocompensatefortheimpactsoccurringatthespecificprojectreach,thenexpandedifnecessarytoconsiderreacheswithintheSMPAreaandthewatershedasawholeshouldopportunitieswithintheprojectreachbeinsufficienttocompensateforimpacts.

Eachtierinthisthree‐tieredapproachisdescribedinfurtherdetailinthefollowingsections.

8.3.1 Tier 1: On‐site Mitigation within Impacted Reaches

Tier1mitigationisimplementedon‐sitewithinthespecificprojectreachwheremaintenanceworkisconducted.On‐sitemitigationisdesignedtoaddressimpactsintheimmediatemaintenanceprojectarea.On‐sitemitigationactionsareintendedtoenhanceandrestorethestreamandaquatic

1Dependingonthefrequencyofthemaintenanceactivity,temporaryimpactsmaybetreatedaspermanentimpactsforthepurposeofmitigatingeffectstohabitatandfocalspecies.Forinstance,stormdrainoutletmaintenanceoccurringinthesamelocationonanannualorbiannualbasiswouldbeconsideredapermanentimpactduetothefrequencyoftheactivity,whereasbankstabilizationwhichmayoccuronlyonceinagivenlocationduringtheSMPpermittermmayhaveresidualtemporaryimpactsrequiringmitigation.



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functions,aswellasspecieshabitat,thatwereimpactedthroughthemaintenanceactivitiesinkind.Tier1mitigation,ataminimum,willrestorethebeneficialusesandecologicalfunctionsandvaluesthatwereprovidedbyasiteinitspre‐maintenanceconditiontotheextentpracticable.Inaddition,whereopportunitiesexist,itmayprovideadditionalbenefits.

Thisapproachalsoseeksin‐kindorfunctionalagreementbetweenimpactsandmitigation.Ifriparianhabitatsareaffected,thenthemitigationstrategyistore‐establishriparianhabitat.Ifin‐streamaquatichabitatsareimpacted,thenin‐streamaquatichabitatwillbethemitigationtarget.Whilemitigationtargetswillbesoughtbasedonin‐kindorecosystemfunctions,itisimportanttorecognizethatduetotheconstraintsofaparticularsite,suchfunctionsmaynotbethemostappropriatetargetsforrestorationorenhancementactivities.Likewise,theon‐sitemitigationapproachconsiderswhatthemostappropriaterestorativeactivitiesareforaparticularreach,giventhedesigncapacityofthechannel.Basedonengineeringevaluations,inlargerchannelswherethereissufficientcapacity,bothoverstoryandunderstorytreesandshrubsmaybeplanted.Insmallersystems,plantingmaybefocusedontalltreesontheupperbankwithlittleornothingbutsedgesandgrassesonthesideslopesandinchannel.

Asdescribedbelow,Tier1mitigationactivitiesmayincludeaplantingprogramtodevelopafullerripariancorridor,theremovalofexoticandinvasivespecies,andtheconstructionoflow‐flowchannelsandothergeomorphicfeaturestoenhancein‐streamhabitat.Tier1mitigationactivitiesmayincludeotheractionsaswell,suchasmovementbarrierremoval,ifopportunitiesexistandfundingisavailable.

8.3.1.1 Planting Program

General Approach and Benefits

TheCity’smitigationprogramincludesavarietyofplantingandhabitatenhancementapproaches.Theprimaryobjectiveistoenhanceripariancanopycoverandshading,andtodevelopanativeunderstoryalongchannelsthatarecurrentlydominatedbynon‐nativeruderalspecies,whereconditionsallow.

TheCitywillplanttreesandshrubsason‐sitemitigationatallreachscalemaintenanceactivitysites.Forinstance,localizedsedimentremovalorculvertrepairprojectswillincludeatreeplantingcomponentifthereisavailableroomtoplant.PlantingwillalsooccurinconjunctionwiththeremovalofexoticandinvasivespeciesandthereplacementofsuchspecieswithnativeriparianvegetationsuitedtoconditionsintheSMPArea.

Plantingnewtreesalongreacheswherevegetationwasremovedduringsedimentremovalorvegetationthinningactivitiesmitigatesthetemporaryimpactsofvegetationremovalfromchannelbedandbanks.Asthesetreesmaturetheyprovideshadetotheactivechannel,providenestingandforaginghabitatformanybirdsandsmallmammals,moderatewatertemperaturesandprovideforageforaquaticspecies,andhelpreducetheneedforfuturesedimentandvegetationmanagementastheshadediscouragescattailestablishmentwhichinturntrapssediment.

Whenconsideredatthewatershedscale,theplantingprogramwillhelpprovideconnectivity,viaavegetatedcorridorthroughouttheSMPArea.Connectedlandscapesprovideenhancedhabitatforlocalandmigratingspecies.Inaddition,increasedvegetationalongthestreambankswillimprovewaterqualitythroughshadingthestreamandcoolingwatertemperatures,andthroughfilteringrunoffenteringthecreek.Whiletheconstraintsofanurbansystem(wherethemajorityoftheCity’s



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engineeredmaintenancereachesarelocated)maylimitthedegreetowhichwaterqualityisimproved,evensmallimprovementsmayprovideamorehospitableenvironmentforaquaticinvertebrateswhichinturnprovidethefoodsourceforbirds,bats,andotherspecies.

Planting Plan

Revegetationwillconsistofplantingnativespeciesinsuitablelocationsinallavailablechannelzones,including:alongthechanneledge;alongtheintermediatechannelbanks;andalongthetop‐of‐bank.TheintentistoestablishvegetationthatmimicsnaturalcommunitiesfoundintheSMPAreaundersimilarenvironmentalconditions.

TheCity’splantingstrategyfocusesonintroducingplantsandpropagulesthatwillbestrongcompetitorsforundesirablespeciessuchasHimalayanblackberryandcattailspecieswhichresultinunfavorablefloodmanagementconditions.Similarly,forunderstoryenhancementshrubs,grasses,andvineswillbeselectedfortheirparticularabilitytocompeteandestablishdespitetheexistingvegetation.

Tofurthersupporttheplantingeffort,disturbedsoilswillbehydroseededandcoveredwitherosioncontrolmaterials(asspecifiedinproject‐specificdesignspecifications)withnativegrassestodiscourageerosionandencourageanativeherbaceousunderstory.Specificlocationsforeachplantingwillbedeterminedon‐sitebyaqualifiedbotanistorrestorationspecialistfollowingmaintenanceactivities.

Plantdensitieswillbecalculatedbyplantingzoneandbasedonareainsquarefeet.Ingeneral,treeswillbeplantedon30‐footcentersrelativetoeachother(1every900squarefeet)andshrubson10‐footcenters(1every100squarefeet).Treeswillbedistributedregularlyonbothsidesofthechanneltoencouragecanopyclosureandincreaseshadingoverthewatersurface.Shrubswillbeplacedstrategicallyingroupstomimicnaturaldistributionpatternsoverapproximately20%oftheareaavailableforplanting.Inlieuofplantingmanyshrubsonthechannelbankswhichcanreducechannelcapacity,herbsandgrasseswillbeplantedinclustersat10‐footintervalsalongthetoe(onbothsides)toprovidenaturalcoverandimprovestability.Nativeemergentspecieswillbeplantedinthechannelbottomtohelpstabilizethelow‐flowchannelandprovidecloseoverhangingvegetation.Emergentplantingsaregenerallylimitedto20%ofthechannelbottomarea.

Additionaleffortwillbemadeduringmaintenanceactivitiestoretainortransplant(usingoversizedcuttingswherefeasible)someoftheexistingwillowsthatcurrentlygrowinmanyoftheSMPAreareaches.ThismaybeaccomplishedduringprojectconstructionorcuttingswillbecollectedfromwillowsinnearbySMPAreareachesandplantedduringtherestorationwork.

Nativeplantspecieswillbeusedindensitiesandcompositionsthatapproximatenaturalplantcommunitiesfoundregionallyinriparianareasandblendwithnearbynaturalplantcommunities(seeTable8‐2).Plantstaturealsoisanimportantconsideration,andisrelatedtohowtheplantisanticipatedtobehaveduringperiodsofhigherflows.Herbaceousspeciestendtobendoverinhigherflows,allowingdebrisandsedimenttopassoverratherthanbeingcaughtinunyieldingstems.Thelowertheplant,thelessdebrisandsedimentitwillcatch.

Implementation

Plantmaterialwillbeobtainedfromlocalsourcespreferentiallyasfeasible.Treeswillbeinthetreepot‐4sizerange.Shrubswillbetreepot‐4toonegallonsize,andherbaceousspecieswillbe



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plantedfromseedorliners.Seedmixtureswilleitherbecollectedlocallyonsiteorwillbeobtainedfromaseedsupplierthatcanauthenticatearegionallylocalsourceandaugmentedwithadditionalnativeperennialgrassseedcollectedlocally.

Plantswillbeinstalledinthenativesoilandplantsontheupperbankwillbetopdressedwithathree‐inchthicklayerofcertifiedweed‐freefirbarkmulchtoreduceweedgrowthandretainmoisture.Anirrigationbasintwotothreefeetindiameterwillbeformedaroundeachholewherefeasible.Plantswillbeinstalledandmulchedsothatrootcrownsareat,orslightlyabove,thesoil/mulchsurface.Preciselocationoftreesandshrubplantingsintheuplandandriparianzoneswillbedeterminedinthefieldfollowingcompletionofmaintenanceactivities.Landscapefabricwillbeusedforerosioncontrolonslopesanddisturbedareas.

Plantingwillbeconductedfromlatesummertoearlywinter.Generally,themajorityofplantingisdoneinthefallandwinterwiththeadventoftheseason’srains.However,toeplantingscanbeconductedanytimeoftheyearifthechannelremainsmoistandflowvelocitiesareamenable.Followingmaintenanceactivities,theprojectbotanistorrestorationspecialistwilleitherpositiontheplantsthemselvesorplacecolor‐codedpinflagsinspecificplantinglocationsforeachshrubandtreespecies.

Treesandshrubswillbeirrigatedmanuallyduringthedryseasonfor3years.Irrigationfrequencywillbedeterminedbytherestorationspecialistbasedonthesiteconditions,butwilloccurapproximatelyweeklythefirstyear,everytwoweeksthesecondyear,andmonthlyduringthethirdyear.

Monitoring

Monitoringwillbeconductedattheprojectsiteforupto10yearsfollowingconstructionandplantingofriparianspeciesandupto5yearsfollowingconstructionandplantingofwetlandspecies.Informationcollectedwillincludethenumberandspeciesplantedateachsite,squarefootageofchannelplanted,estimatedpercentcanopycover,plantvigor,andthenumberorpercentofplantedtreesandshrubssurviving.

VegetativecoverwillbedeterminedusingavisualestimateofcoverandspeciescompositionforbothwetlandplantingsandriparianplantingsasoutlinedinTable8‐3.

Plantvigorwillbedeterminedbyassigningavigorratingofgood,fairorpoortoeachplant.Deadplantswillnotbeassignedavigorrating.Theratingsaredefinedbelow.

Good:aseedlingwithlessthan25%ofitsabovegroundgrowthexhibitingoneormoreofthefactorslistedabove.

Fair:aseedlingwith25–75%ofitsabovegroundgrowthexhibitingoneormoreofthefactorslistedabove.

Poor:aseedlingwithmorethan75%ofitsabovegroundgrowthexhibitingoneormoreofthefactorslistedabove.

Dead:aseedlingthatisnolongervisibleorthatdoesnotappearcapableofgrowth.

Siteconditionswillbedocumentedannuallybytakingrepeatphotographsatsetreferencelocations.Themonitoringdatawillbereviewedannuallytoevaluatetheoverallsuccessoftherevegetationapproach.



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Success Criteria

ForthisSMP,aperformancestandardisameasureofahabitatcharacteristicusedtoassesstheprogressoftherestoredhabitattowardmeetingasuccesscriterion.Asuccesscriterionisameasurethatindicateswhetherthemitigationgoalshavebeenachievedattheendoftheperformancemonitoringperiod.Channelbedplantingsareconsideredwetlandplantings.Channeltoeofslope,floodplainbench,lowerslope,upperslope,andtopofbankplantingsareconsideredriparianplantings.

Performancestandardsforwetland,riparianshrub,andriparianwillowplantingsareappliedduringthefirst4yearsofthemonitoringperiod,andsuccesscriteriaareappliedattheendofthe5‐yearmonitoringperiod.Performancestandardsforripariantreesareappliedduringthefirst9yearsofthemonitoringperiod,andsuccesscriteriaareappliedattheendofthemonitoringperiod.PerformancestandardsforripariantreeschangefromindividualplantsuccesstovegetativecovertrendsatYear5duetothedensityofvegetationandtheultimatesuccesscriteria.Themitigationplantingswillbeevaluatedannuallyusingtheannualperformancestandards.TheperformancestandardsandsuccesscriteriaforwetlandandriparianplantingsaresummarizedinTable8‐3.

Intheeventofpoorplantsurvivalorfailuretomeetstatedperformancecriteria,correctivemeasureswillbeimplemented,includingreplantingtoreachthe75%goal.Thenumberofplantreplacementswillbeabovethethresholdtomeetthepercentsurvival.ThemonitoringperiodforreplacementplantswillberesettoYear1,whiletheoriginalsurvivingplantingsremainontheoriginalmonitoringschedule.Asalastresort,newmitigationwouldbeprovidedelsewhere,shouldaprojectnotbecapableofmeetingperformancecriteria.Forthein‐channelzone,selectivereplantingwillbeconductedalongthelow‐flowchanneltohelpstabilizeitwhenneeded.

Invasive and Exotic Plant Removal Program

Becausetheremovalofinvasiveandexoticplantsiscloselyintegratedwiththegeneralvegetationmanagementactivities,itisdescribedinthevegetationmaintenancedescriptionofChapter5,Section5.4.

Specificmitigationactivitiesincludethetargetedremovalofinvasiveandexoticspecies.Theremovalofinvasiveandexoticspeciesprovidesmoreroomfordesirablenativespeciestoestablish.Anincreaseinabundanceofnativevegetationovernon‐nativevegetationimprovesoverallriparianhealth.Forexample,nativevegetationcanprovidemorehabitatopportunitiestoinsectsandbirdsthatshowpreferentialtreatmentforuseofnativeplantspecies.Removingexoticspeciesalsohelpspreventthemonoculturecommontoareasdominatedwithexotics.Whenreplacedwithadiverseselectionofnativevegetation,thechannelsoftheSMPAreacansupportamorediversesetofspeciesincludinginsects,birds,smallmammals,amphibians,andreptiles.

Monitoringofinvasiveandexoticplantremovalwillincludetrackingthenumberofinvasiveorexotictreesremoved,lengthofchannelofremovalactivities,areaofremovalactivitiesforshruborground‐coverspecies,andobservingwhetherrecolonizationofinvasivesoccursafterremoval.

8.3.1.2 Geomorphic Design

Forreach‐scalesedimentremovalprojects,theCitywilldesignandimplementalow‐flowinsetchannelalongthebedofthefloodcontrolchannel.Thelow‐flowchannelprovideson‐sitemitigation



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throughmultiplebenefits.Becauselow‐flowchannelsareimplementedtogetherwithsedimentremovalactivities,theyaredescribedinChapter5,Section5.3.

Akeyobjectiveofalow‐flowchannelistosuccessfullytransportsedimentunderlowerflowconditions(annualflowsandsmaller).Thisisachievedthroughincreasedflowdepthandvelocityunderlow‐flowconditionswhichareadequatetoconveyandpasssedimentsunderthesmallerflowconditions.Thisreducessedimentdeposition,andultimatelyreducestheneedtoconductsedimentremovalactivities.Asustainablelow‐flowchannelalsoprovidesmitigatingbenefitsofimprovingwaterquality,enhancingin‐streamhabitats,andpreservingamigrationcorridorforfish.

8.3.2 Tier 2: Off‐Site Mitigation at Other Drainage Reaches

Tier2mitigationissimilartoTier1mitigationinseekingin‐kindmitigationincreeksandchannelsthathaveundergonemaintenanceintheSMPArea.However,Tier2mitigationisappliedatotherSMPAreacreeksandchannels,andisthereforenoton‐site.Tier2mitigationissoughtwhentherearenosuitableopportunitiesforenhancementorrestorationinamaintenancereachandthenextbestopportunityistopursuein‐kindmitigationataneighboringreachthatdoesaffordanopportunityformitigation.Monitoring,reporting,andremedialactions(ifnecessary)willbecombinedwithTier1monitoringandreportingactivities.

8.3.3 Tier 3: Integrated Watershed Mitigation

Tier3mitigationisoff‐sitemitigationthatprovidescompensationfortemporallossintheformofenhancementofBeneficialUses.Off‐sitemitigationprojectsproviderestorativeandmitigatingwatershedsolutionsthataddressSMPimpacts.Examplesofoff‐sitemitigationprojectsincludenativeriparianplantrevegetation,largewoodydebrisinstallation,invasiveplantremoval,bioengineering/erosioncontrol,andwatershed‐basedsedimentorothercontaminantreductionactions.Tier3mitigationwillbefundedbyanamountthatisequaltoorgreaterthan10%oftheannualSMPactivitybudget.

Tier3mitigationisnotonlydifferentinitsgeographicscope,itisalsodifferentinthatitisnotalwayssolelyaCityeffort,butmaybeacollaborativeeffortwithpartneringagencies.Thisisaccomplishedthroughawatershed‐basedmitigationprogram,wherebytheCityimplementsorfundsTier3projectstobeimplementedwithlocalnon‐profitagencies,municipalities,restorationorganizations,creekgroups,schoolsandResourceConservationDistricts(RCDs).PartnershipopportunitiesaredescribedinSection8.3.3.2.

8.3.3.1 Tier 3 Monitoring

Tier3mitigationprojectswillbemonitoredandreportedfor5yearsatminimum.Therequirednumberofyearswillbedeterminedindividuallyforeachannualmitigationprogram.MonitoringofsiteconditionswilltheresponsibilityoftheCityorrespectivepartneroverseeingagivenproject.However,itwillbetheCity’sresponsibilitytocommunicatemonitoringresultsannuallyaspartoftheSMPreportingprocess.SMPannualnotificationandreportingactionsaredescribedinSection8.6belowandinChapter9,Sections9.6and9.8.

Monitoringreportsforwatershedmitigationprojectswillincludeadescriptionofhowtheprojectachievedobjectivesidentifiedintheproposal,howtheprojectisdevelopingovertime,andifthe



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projectrequiresadaptivemanagementormaintenance.Morespecifically,datatobetrackedandcollectedforwatershedmitigationprojectsincludesthefollowing.

Forerosioncontrolprojects.Thestatusoftheerosioncontroltreatmentsandtheireffectivenesswillbemonitoredannually.Arethetreatmentsworkingeffectively,issedimentactivelyerodingatthemitigationsitebeyondandaboveexpectednaturalrates,areadditionalmanagementormaintenanceactionsrequired?Photographswillbetakenannuallyatconsistentandreferencedlocationstoallowcomparisonsofsiteconditions.

Forplantingandhabitatenhancementprojects.MonitoringwillbeperformedasprescribedforTier1projects.SuccesscriteriaprescribedforTier1projectswillalsoapplytoTier3projects.

Forinvasiveandexoticremovalprojects.Monitoringwillincludethenumberandtypeofinvasivetreesremoved(asapplicable),squarefeetofremovalforshruborground‐coverspecies(asapplicable),andthepercentofmanagedareare‐colonizedbyinvasives.Thesuccesscriteriawilldefinewhethertheremovalprojectisintendedtoeradicateormanageaninvasiveplantpopulation.Inaddition,theremovalsiteswillbemonitoredforatleast5yearstoverifythatthesuccesscriteriaaresuccessfullymet.

8.3.3.2 Partnership Opportunities

TheCityofLivermorecurrentlypartnerswithanumberofgroupstosupportwatershedstewardshipactivities(LivingArroyosProgram)andtomanagesomeexistingCitymitigationprojects.TheseexistingrelationshipsprovideastrongfootingonwhichtoimplementtheTier3componentofthemitigationstrategy.AgencieswithwhomtheCitycurrentpartnersareidentifiedbelowandtheanticipatedroleinTier3mitigationstrategyisdescribed.TheCitymaypartnerwithagenciesnotlistedbelow.

Alameda County Resource Conservation District

TheAlamedaCountyResourceConservationDistrict(ACRCD)partnerswiththeUSDANaturalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)toprovideandsupportnaturalresourceconservationandagriculturalenhancementactivitiesinAlamedaCounty.TheACRCDimplementsitsprogramsthroughpartnerships,education,outreach,resourceservices,technicalassistance,andfunding.ResourceConservationDistricts(RCDs),includingACRCD,areindependent,non‐regulatory,specialdistrictsofCalifornia.TheyareauthorizedbyDivision9oftheCaliforniaPublicResourcesCodetoprovideresourceconservationleadershipwithindistrictboundaries.Theyarelocallygovernedagencieswiththeirownappointed,independentboardsofdirectors.

TheCityhasworkedwiththeACRCDinthepastongrantproposalsthroughtheAlamedaCreekWatershedNetwork,toreviewworkplansandmonitoringreportsfortheLivingArroyosprogram,andhascontractedwithACRCDtodomonitoringofCitymitigationsites.

TheCityplanstocontinuetoexpandonthispartnershipthroughimplementationoftheSMPandassociatedmitigationactivities.TheCityenvisionsworkingwiththeRCDtoestablishoff‐sitemitigationprojectsforwhichtheRCDwouldholdtheconservationeasementassociatedwithaproject.TheCitymayalsocontractwiththeRCDforsitemanagementandmonitoring.



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Alameda Creek Watershed Network

In2009,theCitytogetherwitheightotherAlamedaCreekWatershedstakeholdersenteredintoaLetterofUnderstandingtoworktogethertoprotectandenhancewaterrelatedbeneficialusesandresourcesintheAlamedaCreekWatershedinordertocreateahealthyandsustainablewatershedforthecommunity.InadditiontotheCity,stakeholdersincludedtheAlamedaCountyFloodControlandWaterConservationDistrict,Zone7oftheAlamedaCountyFloodControlandWaterConservationDistrict(Zone7),theAlamedaCountyResourceConservationDistrict,AlamedaCountyWaterDistrict,EastBayRegionalParkDistrict,LARPD,theFriendsoftheArroyo,andtheSanFranciscoBayRWQCB.Outcomesofthispartnershipincludeanannualwatershedforum,websiteupdatedtoprovidethepublicinformationaboutprojectsandactivitieswithinthewatershed,andtheformationandmanagementoftheAdoptaCreekSpotPrograminLivermore.Currently,theCity,Zone7,LARPD,andtheLivermoreValleyJointUnifiedSchoolDistrictmanagetencreekspotscoincidingwiththeidentifiedtrashhotspotsontheirland.Eachofthesecreekspotshavebeenadoptedbyresidentsandorganizationswhopickuptrash,monitorthecreek,andengagevolunteersincreekclean‐up,waterqualitymonitoring,andpubliceducationprojects.Fouradditionalspotswillbeaddedtotheprogramin2015.

Living Arroyos Program

TheLivingArroyosProgram,initiatedin2013,isaMulti‐PartyMasterAgreement(Agreement)betweentheCity,UrbanCreeksCouncil(UCC),andZone7withthepurposeofinitiatingapublicvolunteerandapprenticeshipprogramthatengagesthecommunityinthestewardshipoflocalstreamswithintheUpperAlamedaCreekWatershed.Asthefoundingpartners,theCity,UCC(anurbanstreamrestorationandmanagementnonprofitorganization),Zone7(localwatersupplyandfloodprotectionagency),seektoincreaseopportunitiesforlocalresidentsofallages,withtheassistanceandguidanceofprofessionalstaffandapprentices,toengageinhands‐onstewardshipofnaturalresource,increasepublicawarenessofimportantwatershedissues,improvehabitatandwaterqualityoflocalstreamswhilemaintainingandenhancingbothpublicsafetyandregionalfloodprotection,andstrengthenpublic/privatepartnershipswithinthecommunity.

Zone7willbethefiscalagentoftheProgramduringtheinitialthree‐yearperiod.UCCwillbethemanagingpartnerfortheimplementationoftheProgram.UCCwillcarryoutProgramtasks,andreportannuallyonProgramaccomplishments.ThepartnersanticipatethatotherpublicentitiesmaywishtoparticipateintheProgramaswell.Presently,UCCcontributesaminimumof50%oftheoverallProgramcosteachyear,whichitwillsecurefromprivatecontributions,governmentgrants,orothersources.TheCitywillcontribute13.3%,andZone736.7%.TheWorkplanwillbecreatedandapprovedannuallybythepartners.

Workplan 2013–14

ThefirstyearoftheLivingArroyosprogramfeaturesfourProjects,whichtakentogetherincluderestorationofnearly1.5milesofstreamandmorethan13acresofriparianhabitat.ThreeoftheproposedprojectsarePartnerProjects:ArroyoLasPositasatAirwayBoulevard,ArroyoLasPositasatBluebell,andArroyoMocho—StanleyReach.Thefourth,StoneridgeDriveBridge,wasproposedbytheAlamedaCountySurplusPropertyAuthority.Theprogrampersonnelwillincludevolunteers,apprentices,andstaff.TheWorkplanincludesaminimumof32volunteerworkdaysandwillbetargetedatthegeneralpublic.ApprenticesfromLasPositasCollege(LPC)willassistinavarietyoftasksincludingmanagingvolunteerworkdays,plantingprojectsites,andcollectingscientificdata.



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Staffwillincludeaprogrammanager,seniorecologist,andprogramcoordinator.ThecompleteWorkplanincludesotheractivitiesinsupportoftheprogram,adetailedbudget,rates,personnelrolesandresponsibilities,andatimeline.

8.4 Mitigation Ratios Mitigationratiosaredefinedforthreeresourceareas:watersoftheU.S.andState,riparianvegetation,andfocalspecies.Mitigationratiosforeachresourceareaaredescribedbelow.Themitigationratiosdescribedbelowwillbemetthroughimplementationofprojectsusingthethree‐tieredapproachasdescribedinSection8.3.

Mitigationratiosaredefinedfortemporaryandpermanentimpacts.Temporaryimpactsoccurifthesiteisrestoredtopre‐projectorbetterconditionwithinoneyearofconstructioncompletion.Adeterminationofprojectconditionswillbemadebasedonanevaluationofthefunctionsandvaluesofthereachaffectedbytheactivityinthecontextoftheresourcebeingaffected.

Permanentimpactsareimpactsthatarenottemporary(i.e.,donotreturntopre‐projectorbetterconditionwithinayearofconstructioncompletion).Permanentimpactsaregenerallyonlyanticipatedinlocationswherenewhardscapeisplaced(e.g.,abankstabilizationthatrequiresuseofrockrip‐rap).Permanentimpactsmayalsoaccrueovertimeifaspecificsiteismaintainedsooftenthattheimplementationoftemporarymitigationeventuallyequalstheamountofmitigationthatwouldhavebeenrequiredifthesitehadonlybeenimpactedonetimebutwithapermanentimpact.Mitigationisnotrequiredforsitesthathavealreadybeenattributedwithapermanentimpact;however,SMPBMPs(Table7‐1)willcontinuetoberequiredforsubsequentmaintenanceactivitiesatthesite.

Mitigationforoneresourcearea(waters,riparian,orfocalspecies)maybedesignedinsuchawaythatitcanaddressotherresourcemitigationneeds.Insuchcases,thesamerestoration,creation,andpreservationactionsandacreagesmaybeusedtomeetmultiplemitigationneedsandarenotadditive.AnexampleofhowthiscouldbeappliedisprovidedinSection8.4.3.

8.4.1 Waters of the U.S. and State

InordertoensurethatimplementationoftheSMPresultsinnonetlossofwatersoftheU.S.orstateasmeasuredbybothacresandlinearfeet,mitigationforsuchimpactsisrequired.Theamountofmitigationrequireddependsoniftheimpactistemporaryorpermanent.

ThepermanentmitigationratioforimpactstowatersoftheU.S.orstatewillbe1.5:1(mitigationtoimpact).TemporaryimpactstowatersoftheU.S.orstatewillbemitigatedataratioof1.1:1(mitigationtoimpact)throughenhancementoftheprojectsitefollowingtheimpactingSMPactivitybasedonthethree‐tieredmitigationapproach.Ifthesitedoesnotallowsufficientspacetomitigatetemporaryimpacts,theTier2mitigationapproachwillbeapplied(i.e.,off‐sitemitigation).Mitigationactionswillensurethatthefunctionsandvaluesofthestreamreachareimprovedoverpre‐projectconditions.



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8.4.2 Riparian Vegetation

InordertoensurethatimplementationoftheSMPresultsinnonetlossofriparianvegetationfunctionsandvalues,theCitywillmitigateforpermanentimpactstoriparianvegetationthroughrestoration,creation,and/orpreservationofriparianvegetation.Restoration,creation,andpreservationopportunitieswithintheSMPAreaincludeareasalongthestreamreachescoveredbytheSMP.Themitigationratioforpermanentimpactswillbe1.5:1(mitigationtoimpact).Thisratioappliestoimpactstoin‐channel(thechannelbanksandcreekbed),non‐invasiveriparianvegetation(seeTable5‐1foralistofCal‐ICPinvasivespecies).

Temporaryimpactstoriparianvegetationwillbemitigatedataratioof1.1:1(mitigationtoimpact)followingtheimpactingSMPactivitybasedonthethree‐tieredmitigationapproach.

8.4.3 Focal Species

Table8‐4providestemporaryandpermanentimpactmitigationratiostocompensateforimpactstofocalspeciesifimpactscannotbeavoidedbyimplementationoftheSMPMaintenancePrincipals(Chapter4)andSMPBMPs(Table7‐1).Species‐specificmitigationratiosareprovidedforspecial‐statusspeciesincludinglonghornfairyshrimp,vernalpoolfairyshrimp,Callippesilverspotbutterfly,Californiared‐leggedfrog,Californiatigersalamander,goldeneagle,tricoloredblackbird,westernburrowingowl,Americanbadger,SanJoaquinkitfox,SanJoaquinspearscale,Congdon’starplant,palmate‐bractedbird’s‐beak,andLivermoretarplant(Table8‐4).Permanentimpactmitigationneedswillbemetbyreplacementofhabitataffected.Forexample,ifabankstabilizationprojectresultsinapermanentlossof0.02acreseasonalwetlandandatemporarylossof0.3acreCaliforniaannualgrasslandinanareawhereCaliforniared‐leggedfrogareassumedtobelocated(butoutsidecriticalhabitat),then0.06acreofseasonalwetlandwouldneedtobecreated(ata3:1ratio)and0.3acreofCaliforniaannualgrasslandwouldneedtobeprotected(ata1:1ratio).ThismitigationwouldaddressboththewetlandimpactandtheimpacttotheCaliforniared‐leggedfrog.Speciesmitigationmayalsobemetthroughthepurchaseofmitigationcreditsatanapprovedmitigationbankthatservestheareainwhichtheimpactoccurs.

Temporaryimpactratiosforfocalspeciesareone‐thirdofthepermanentimpactratio,andmitigationneedswillbemetinthesamewayaspermanentimpactsthroughrestoration,creation,andprotection,orpurchaseofmitigationcredits.Mitigationfortemporaryimpactswillberequiredeverytimefocalspecieshabitatisaffected,uptothreetimesinthesamelocation.Onceasitehasbeenmitigatedthreetimesover,thetotalmitigationforthatsiteovertimewillbeequaltothemitigationratioforpermanentimpactstospeciesandtheirhabitat.Assuch,onceasitehasbeentemporarilyimpactedthreetimes,andmitigationforthesamesitehasaccruedtotheequivalentofapermanentimpacttospecieshabitat,thesiteisassumedtobepermanentlyimpactedandnofurtherspeciesmitigationisrequiredevenifthesiteismaintainedoneormoretimesthereafter.SMPBMPs(Table7‐1)willcontinuetobeappliedtofutureprojectsregardlessofthenumberoftimesasitehasbeenimpacted.

8.5 Mitigation Timing TheSMPmitigationactivitieswillbeimplementedwithinashorttimeperiodfollowingtheSMPactivitiesthemselves(typicallyattheendofthemaintenanceseasontotakeadvantageofthewet



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seasontosupportnewplantings,butnomorethanoneyearfromconclusionofthemaintenanceseason).Thefollowingrequirementswillbemetbeforeimpactsareallowedtooccur:

Themitigationplan,includingscheduleforimplementation,shallbeapproved;

Ownershipordemonstratedauthoritytoimplementmitigationatthemitigationsiteshallbeobtained;and

Financialassurancestoconstructandmaintainthemitigationsiteshallbeestablished.

AllofthesecriteriawillbemetbymitigationprojectsconductedundertheSMP.Asdescribedinmoredetailbelow,contractualarrangementsandfinancialassuranceswillbeprovided,allmitigationplanswillbeapprovedbytherelevantregulatoryagencies,andmitigationprojectswillbemonitoredforsuccess,andremedialactionstakenifnecessary.

SMPmitigationwillbeoccurringannuallyasanongoingprogram.Assuch,theecologicalbenefitsofmitigationactivitieswillaccrueonacontinualbasis.Themitigationmonitoringandreportingprogramwillprovidefeedbackontheeffectivenessofmitigationeffortstoinformandimprovefuturemitigation.

Certainmitigationprojectsmayexceedthatneededforagivenyear’sportfolioofprojects,andmaybebankedforfutureyearswithadvanceapprovalfromUSACE,USFWS,CDFW,andSanFranciscoBayRWQCB.Inthesecases,theimpactsoffutureSMPwillhaveimplementedadvancemitigation.

8.6 Mitigation Notification and Reporting NotificationandreportingdetailsfortheoverallprogramaredescribedinChapter9,Sections9.6and9.8.Anannualmitigationplanwillbedevelopedaspartofthemaintenanceprojectworkplannotification,submittedbytheCitytothepermittingagenciesinthespringofeachyear.Thisnotification(Section9.6)willincludeadescriptionofmaintenanceprojectdetails,includinglocations,activities,andimpactavoidanceandminimizationmeasures.Thenotificationpacketwillalsoincludeinformationregardingtheannualmitigationplan.

Mitigationinformationtobeincludedintheannualnotificationpacketwillincludethefollowing.

AdescriptionofTier1activitiesincludinglocations,lengths,areas,andotherprojectdetails.

AdescriptionofTier2activities(ifoccurring)onotherSMPAreachannelsincludinglocations,lengths,areas,andotherprojectdetails.

TheproposedTier3watershedmitigationplan,including:

adescriptionofeachcandidaterestorationproject,includingtheprojectname,projectpartners,projectcost,lengthandareaofmitigatingactivities;

adescriptionofhowtheproposedwatershedprojectswilladdresswatershedprocessesandfunctionstoprovidesuitablemitigationfortheyear’smaintenanceactivities(relatingthetemporallosstobeaddressedthroughthewatershedmitigation);

scheduleforimplementationofmitigationactivities;and

astatementdescribingthestatusofpermitapprovalsnecessarytoperformproject(ifapplicable).



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Amonitoringandreportingplanincludingsuccesscriteriaformitigationsites(upto10yearsforsomeripariantreerestorationprograms).

Permittingagencieswillhavetheopportunitytoreviewandcommentontheproposedannualmitigationplan.TheSMPannualmitigationplanswillbeconsistentwiththemitigationapproachesandrequirementsdescribedinthisSMPManual.

Inthefallofeachyear,theCitywillsubmitanannualreportonSMPactivitiesincludingsummarydescriptionsofthemaintenanceactivitiesconductedinthepastyear.Theannualreportwillalsoincludestatusreportingontheprogram’smitigationactivities,includingthesubmittaloffollowupmonitoringreports.

Table 8‐1. Regulatory Agencies and Relevant Jurisdictions Page 1 of 1

Agency Regulatory Authority

Geographic Extent of Jurisdiction Trigger for Permitting

Are SMP Activities under Agency’s Jurisdiction?

Sediment RemovalBank

Stabilization Vegetation

Management Bridge

Maintenance Culvert Repair and

Replacement

Habitat Restoration and Landscape Maintenance

Access Road and Trail Maintenance

Trash and Debris Removal

USACEandSanFranciscoBayRWQCB

CleanWaterActSections404and401

WatersoftheUnitedStates;forthepurposesoftheSMP,thiswillprimarilybeareasbelowtheOrdinaryHighWaterMark.

PlacementofdredgeorfillmaterialswithinwatersoftheUnitedStates.

Yes,whereriprapplacedatstormdrainoutlets.Alsopossible,wheretemporaryfilltoWatersoftheUnitedStates(e.g.,cofferdamsfordewatering)isnecessary.

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes,wheremaintenanceofaccessroadsandtrailsinvolvetemporaryorpermanentfilltowatersoftheUnitedStatesand/orwatersoftheState.

Yes

SanFranciscoBayRWQCB

CleanWaterActSection402andthePorter‐CologneWaterQualityControlAct

WatersoftheState;forthepurposesoftheSMP,thiswillprimarilybeareasbelowTopofBank.

DischargeofwastethatcouldadverselyaffectthequalityofwatersoftheState.

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes,wheremaintenanceactivitiescouldresultindischargeswithinorthatcouldreachwatersoftheState(e.g.,herbicideuse,gradingactivities).

Yes

CDFW FishandGameCodeSection1600etseq.

Rivers,streams,orlakesthatflowatleastintermittentlythroughabedorchannel.

Activitiesthatwill: substantiallydivertorobstructthenaturalflowofanyriver,streamorlake;

substantiallychangeoruseanymaterialfromthebed,channel,orbankof,anyriver,stream,orlake;or

depositordisposeofdebris,waste,orothermaterialcontainingcrumbled,flaked,orgroundpavementwhereitmaypassintoanyriver,stream,orlake.

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes,wheremaintenanceactivitiescouldresultinimpactstobedorchannelofariver,stream,orlake.

Yes

CDFW CESA DefinedbysuitablehabitatforspecieslistedasthreatenedorendangeredunderCESA.

ActivitieswithpotentialfortakeofspecieslistedasthreatenedorendangeredunderCESA.

Yes,whereactivitiescouldresultintakeoflistedspecies.

USFWS ESA DefinedbysuitablehabitatforspecieslistedasthreatenedorendangeredunderESA.

ActivitieswithpotentialforeffecttospecieslistedasthreatenedorendangeredortocriticalhabitatunderESA.

Yes,whereactivitiescouldresultineffectstolistedspeciesorcriticalhabitat.

Table 8‐2. SMP Preferred Plant Palette Page 1 of 1

Scientific Name Common Name Planting Area/Zone

Trees

Aesculuscalifornica Buckeye UpperBank

Juglanshindsii Californiablackwalnut MidtoUpperBank

Platanusracemosa Californiasycamore ToetoUpperBank

Populusfremontii Fremontcottonwood ToetoUpperBank

Quercusagrifolia Coastliveoak UpperBank

Quercusdouglasii Blueoak UpperBank

Quercuslobata Valleyoak MidtoUpperBank

Salixlaevigata Redwillow ToetoMidBank

Salixlasiandra Pacificwillow ToetoMidBank

Salixlasiolepis Arroyowillow ToetoMidBank

Shrubs

Asclepiasfascicularis Narrowleafmilkweed ToetoUpperBank

Baccharissalicifolia Mulefat ToetoMidBank

Frangulacalifornica Californiacoffeeberry MidtoUpperBank

Grindeliahirsutula Hairygumplant ToetoUpperBank

Grindeliastricta Gumweed ToetoUpperBank

Heteromelesarbutifolia Toyon UpperBank

SambucusMexicana Blueelderberry MidtoUpperBank

Grasses/Sedges/Ferns

Agrostisexarata Spikebentgrass In‐ChanneltoMidBank

Artemesiadouglasiana Californiamugwort ToetoUpperBank

Baccharisglutinosa Marshbaccharis Toe

Bromuscarinatus Californiabrome ToetoUpperBank

Calamagrostisnutkaensis Pacificreedgrass In‐Channel

Carexbarbarae SantaBarbarasedge ToetoUpperBank

Carexdensa Densesedge Toe

Carexgracilior Slendersedge Toe

Carexnudata Nakedsedge In‐ChanneltoToe

Carexpraegracilis Fieldsedge Toe

Cyperuseragrostis Tallflatsedge In‐ChanneltoToe

Deschampsiacespitosa Tuftedhairgrass ToetoMidBank

Distichlisspicata Saltgrass ToetoMidBank

Eleocharismacrostachya CommonSpikerush In‐ChanneltoToe

Elymustrachycaulus Slenderwheatgrass ToetoUpperBank

Elymustriticoides Beardlesswildrye ToetoUpperBank

Equisetumlaevigatum Smoothscouringrush ToetoMidBank

Euthamiaoccidentalis Westerngoldenrod ToetoMidBank

Festucamicrostachys Smallfescue MidtoUpperBank

Heleniumpuberulum Sneezeweed In‐ChanneltoMidBank

Hoitamacrostachya Leatherroot MidBank

Hordeumbrachyantherum Meadowbarley ToetoUpperBank

Isolepiscernua Lowbulrush ToetoIn‐Channel

Juncusbalticus Balticrush In‐ChanneltoMidBank

Juncuseffuses Softrush ToetoMidBank

Juncusmexicanus Mexicanrush In‐ChanneltoToe

Juncuspatens Spreadingrush Toe

Juncusxiphioides Irisleafrush Toe

Schoenoplectusacutus Hardstembulrush In‐ChanneltoToe

Schoenoplectuscalifornicus Californiabulrush In‐ChanneltoToe

Vines

Rosacalifornica Californiawildrose ToetoUpperBank

Rubusursinus Californiablackberry ToetoMidBank

Vitiscalifornica Californiawildgrape ToetoMidBank

Table 8‐3. Performance Standards and Success Criteria for Mitigation Plantings Page 1 of 1

Monitoring Parameter Year Performance Standard Success Criterion

WetlandPlantingsVegetativeCover 1–4 Demonstratetrendofincreasingcoverand

speciesdominance

5 75%coverofwetlandspecieswithadominanceofnativewetlandspecies

RiparianPlantingsPlantSurvival(percentageofplantsingoodorfaircondition)

1 90%

2 85% 3 80% 4 75% 5 75%PlantVigor 1–5 Survivingplantsmustbeingoodorfair

conditionSurvivingplantsmustbeingoodorfaircondition

VegetativeCover(ripariantreesonly) 6–9 Demonstratetrendofincreasingcover 10 75%canopycoverofripariantreespecieswith

adominanceofnativeriparianwoodyspecies

Table 8‐4. Focal Species Mitigation Ratios Page 1 of 1

Species Scientific Name

Mitigation Ratios (Acres of Mitigation to Acres of Impact)

Temporary Impacts Permanent Impacts

Invertebrates

Longhornfairyshrimp Branchinectalongiantenna 3:1(2acrespreservation,1acrerestoration)

10:1(6.5acrespreservation,3.5acresrestoration)

Vernalpoolfairyshrimp Branchinectalynchi 3:1(2acrespreservation,1acrerestoration)

10:1(6.5acrespreservation,3.5acresrestoration)

Callippesilverspotbutterfly Speyeriacallippecallippe 1:1 3.5:1

Amphibians

Californiatigersalamander Ambystomacaliforniense 1:1outsideCriticalHabitat,2:1insideCriticalHabitat

3.25:1outsideCriticalHabitat,6.5:1insideCriticalHabitat

Californiared‐leggedfrog Ranadraytonii 1:1outsideofCriticalHabitat,2:1insideofCriticalHabitat

3:1outsideofCriticalHabitat,6:1insideofCriticalHabitat

Birds

Goldeneagle Aquilachrysaetos 1:1 3.5:1

Tricoloredblackbird Agelaiustricolor 1:1 3.5:1

Westernburrowingowl Athenecuniculariahypugea 1:1 3.5:1

Mammals

Americanbadger Taxideataxus 1:1 3:1

SanJoaquinkitfox Vulpesmacrotismutica 1:1 3:1

Plants

SanJoaquinspearscale Atriplexjoaquiniana 1:1 5:1

Congdon'starplant Centromadiaparryissp.congdonii 1:1 5:1

Palmate‐bractedbird's‐beak Cordylanthuspalmatus 1:1 5:1

Livermoretarplant Deinandrabacigalupii 1:1 5:1


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Chapter 9 Program Management

9.1 Stream Maintenance Program Work Cycle ThischapteroutlinesanddescribeshowtheSMPwillbeimplementedandadministeredbytheCity.ThemanagementandoperationoftheSMPoccursasanannualcycleofactivitiesdescribedinthischapterasthe“workcycle.”Theworkcyclebeginseachyearwithafieldbasedcreekandchannelreconnaissanceandassessment.ThecomponentsoftheSMPworkcyclearedescribedingreaterdetailinthesectionsbelow.

TheworkcyclebeginswiththeSMPArea‐widecreekandchannelassessment.Thecreekandchannelassessmentguidesthedevelopmentofthatyear’sworkplan.Projectssuchasvegetationmaintenance,localizedsedimentremovalatculvertcrossings,orminorbankrepairsdonotgenerallyrequireadditionalengineeringordesigndetails.SuchroutinemaintenanceactivitieswhichdonotrequireadditionalengineeringdesignrepresentsthelargemajorityofSMPprojects.Reach‐scalesedimentremovalprojectsorsomelargerscalerestorationprojectsmayrequiresiteassessmentand/ordetailedengineeringdrawings.Inthesecases,thephysicalsiteconditions,erosionordepositioncauses,andthemaintenancerequirementswillguidetheappropriateprojectdesign.AsdescribedpreviouslyinChapter7,activitiesorprojectsthatrequirethislevelofanalysisandengineeringwillbedesignedwithaconsiderationofsustainablesolutionsthatcanreducefuturemaintenanceneeds.

Sedimentdisposalplanningwillalsooccurintheworkcycle,withannualdisposalplansdevelopedandimplementedyearlyinsupportofplannedmaintenanceprojects.Allmaintenanceactivitieswillutilizetheappropriateprogrammaticimpactavoidance,minimization,andmitigationprogramsoutlinedinthisSMPmanual.

Creekandchannelreconnaissanceandassessmentbeginsinlatewinterorearlyspringwiththedevelopmentoftheannualworkplan.Projectdescriptionsarethendeveloped,andmitigationplanningoccursthroughtheremainderofthespring.Therelevantregulatoryagenciesarenotifiedoftheyear’sprojectsinmid‐springandprovidedinformationonprojectlocations,activities,mitigation,sedimentdisposal,andanyotherkeyissues.

Projectsarethenimplementedduringthesummerandearlyfallseasonswithfollowupannualreportingactivitiesoccurringinthelatefall.TheCitywilladministerandoverseetheSMPthroughoutallstepsoftheworkcycle.Itisrecognizedthatasuccessfulprogramwillbebasedoncontinuousmanagementandoversight.TheCityhasdesignatedanSMPManagerwhohasresponsibilitytosuperviseandguidetheprogram.AkeyresponsibilityfortheSMPManagerwillbetoprovidecommunicationandcoordinationbetweentheCityandtheregulatoryagenciesthroughoutallstepsoftheworkcycle.TheSMPwillbeadministeredconsistentlywiththegoals,principles,andactivitiesasdescribedinthisSMPmanual.Inadditiontotheannualworkcycle,everyfiveyearstheSMPwillbereviewedforitsoveralleffectivenessandadequacy.

Anotherkeyelementtosupportinganeffectivestreammaintenanceprogramistoestablishandmaintainacomprehensivedatamanagementsystem.DatamanagementisrequiredthroughouttheSMPworkcyclefromorganizingtheinitialcreekandchannelassessment,tochartingreach

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conditionsandprojectrequirements,toprovidingpostprojectmonitoringandreporting.DatamanagementfortheSMPisdescribedbelowinSection9.9.

9.2 Creek and Channel Reconnaissance and Assessment

Inthelatewinterorearlyspring,theCitywillinitiateareconnaissanceofthestormwaterdrainagesystemincludedintheSMPonareach‐by‐reachbasistoassesspotentialmaintenanceneeds.

CitystafffamiliarwiththeguidelinesandprinciplesoftheSMPwillconductthecreekandchannelassessments.TheCitywilluseanassessmentchecklisttohelporganizeandprioritizemaintenanceactivities.

TheassessmentprocesswillevaluatetheneedformaintenanceandfollowtheguidancequestionsandmaintenancetriggersdescribedinChapter4.Conditionsandresourceswillbeassessedintermsofthepotentialneedforsedimentremoval,vegetationmanagement,orbankstabilization.Assessmentcategorieswillreceiverankingsrangingfrom1(highpriority)to4(lowpriority).Creekandchannelvegetationconditionswillbeassessedforthepresenceofcattails,willows,exotics,etc.andneedforvegetationremovalormanagement.PhotographswillbetakenofeachreachandarchivedintheSMPdatabase.Thecreekandchannelassessmentprocesswillalsobesupportedbyinformationprovidedbygeographicinformationsystem(GIS)mappingandaerialphotography.

InformationfromthecompletedassessmentchecklistwillbeintegratedintoanSMPdatamanagementsystem(“SMPTracker”).Thedatasystemwillbeaccessedduringthecreekandchannelassessmentprocesstoquerypastmaintenanceactivities,identifyspecificresourceconditions,andprioritizemaintenanceactivitiesbyreachtodeveloptheyear’sworkplan.

Basedonthefieldreconnaissance,completionofthereachassessmentchecklist,andsubsequentprioritizationusingtheSMPdatabase,aninitiallistingofreachesrequiringmaintenanceforthecurrentworkcyclewillbecompiled.

9.3 Develop Annual Work Plan Thepreliminarylistofprojectsitesdevelopedduringthereconnaissanceprocesswillbereviewedandfurtherprioritizedbasedon:

guidanceprovidedbySMPMaintenancePrinciples(Chapter4);

therelativeseverityofreachconditionsandneedformaintenance;

SMPframingconsiderations,managementgoals,andmanagementtriggers,asdescribedunderthecorrespondingapproachinChapter4;

considerationofpast/recentfloodingconditions;

City’soverallmaintenanceneedsintheSMPArea;and

availablefunding.



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Followingthisprioritization,theSMPprogrammanagerwillconsolidatethelistofpotentialprojectsintoasmallersetofprojectstoserveastheworkplanforthegivenyear.Projectsthataremarkedaslowpriorityandnotincludedinthecurrentcycle’sworkplanwillbenotedforinspectionandassessmentduringthenextworkcycle.TheCitywillnotbeobligatedtoperformannualmaintenance.

Maintenanceactivitiesareexpectedtogeneratefrom1,000to2,000cubicyardsofsedimentanddebrisperyear.Selectionofdisposalsiteswillalsooccuraspartofplanningefforts.FollowingtheapproachdescribedinChapter4,theworkplanwillidentifydisposallocationsavailableforuseinthegivenyearandtheassociatedcriteriafordisposalatthoselocations.Apreferredlocationandalternatelocationsmaybeidentifiedtoallowdisposalflexibility.

9.4 Develop Annual Summary Project Description Followingtheanalysisofsitecontextandthedevelopmentoftreatmentdesigns,asummaryprojectdescriptionwillbedevelopedforeachsedimentremovalorvegetationmanagementproject.Theprojectdescriptionservesastheformalcharacterizationofprojectactivitiesandsupportspermittingrequirements.Theprojectdescriptionwillincludethefollowinginformation:

Projecttype(e.g.,sedimentremoval,vegetationremoval,orbankstabilizationwork)

Projectlocationaddressand/orlocationdescription

Projectsitemap

Shortdescriptionofactivitiesincludingtreatmentsselected,equipmentused,access,staging,etc.IfactivitieswillbeconducteddifferentlyfromtheactivitydescriptioninChapter5,identifydifferencesandprovideanexplanationofwhythedifferentapproachisrequired.

Shortdescriptionofwhytheselectedtreatmentisappropriateforthereach(e.g.,sinuouslow‐flowchannelinareaswheresuchdesignisappropriatetotransportsedimentandprovideaquatichabitats).

Linearfeetofcreekandacresofcreekorchannelthatwillbedisturbedbyactivities.

AcresofwatersoftheUnitedStatesandwatersoftheStatethatwillbeaffected.

Forsedimentremovalprojects,identifyquantityofsedimenttoberemovedandprovidecrosssectionofexistingcreekorchannelconditionvs.as‐builtcondition.

Forbankstabilizationprojects,identifyhowmuchmaterialwillbeplacedinthebankslope.

Forallprojects,identifyhowmuchsedimentandotherdebrisrequiresdisposal.

Identifysedimentsamplinglocationsonamap.Foursamplespersitewillbecollectedandanalyzedforevery20,000cubicyardsofmaterialremoved.Thisdoesnotapplytogravel.

Testthesedimentsamplesaccordingtotheacceptancecriteriaforthedisposalsites.Basedonresultsfromthesedimentsamples,selectthefinalsedimentdisposalsitesandidentifytheavailablecapacityateachsite.Also,identifytheroutesfortransportfromthemaintenancesitestothedisposalsites.

Identifytheroutesfortransportfromthemaintenancesitestothedisposalsites.



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Anyappropriatefiguresincludingcrosssections,designdetailsofstructurestobemaintained,andplanviewmapsforactivitiesasappropriate.

Evaluationofanticipatedimpactstofocalspecies.

Additionalculturalresourceinformation,ifneeded.

Abriefsummaryoftheactivity‐specificBMPsthatwillbeutilizedintheproject,includingBMPsforsedimenthandling,transport,anddisposalactivities.

9.5 Develop Annual Mitigation Plan Ifmitigationisrequiredfortheproposedprojectsinagivenworkcycle,themitigationplanwilldescribetheon‐siteandoff‐siteplannedmitigationactivitiesforthatcycle.ThemitigationplanwillincludethetopicsdescribedinChapter8,Section8.6regardingtheinformationtobenotifiedtotheregulatoryagencies.Thisinformationincludesthefollowing.

Adescriptionofon‐site(Tier1)restorationactivitiesplannedforthecomingyearincludinglocations,lengths,areas,andotherprojectdetails.

AdescriptionofTier2restorationactivities(ifoccurring)onotherCitycreeksandchannelsplannedforthecomingyearincludinglocations,lengths,areas,andotherprojectdetails.

Theproposedoff‐sitewatershedmitigationplan(Tier3),including:

adescriptionofeachcandidateoff‐siterestorationproject,includingtheprojectname,projectpartners,projectcost,lengthandareaofmitigatingactivities;

adescriptionofhowtheproposedoff‐sitewatershedprojectswilladdresswatershedprocessesandfunctionstoprovidesuitablemitigationfortheyear’smaintenanceactivities(relatingthetemporalimpactsthataretobeaddressedthroughthewatershedmitigationasdescribedabovetotheproposedprojects);

scheduleforimplementationofmitigationactivities;and

astatementdescribingthestatusofpermitapprovalsnecessarytoperformproject(ifapplicable).

Amonitoringandreportingplan.

AsdescribedinSection8.6,permittingagencieswillhavetheopportunitytoreviewandcommentontheproposedannualmitigationplan.TheSMPannualmitigationplanswillbeconsistentwiththemitigationapproachesandrequirementsdescribedinthismanual.

9.6 Agency Notification Duringspring,byApril15th,theCitywillnotifytherelevantregulatoryagenciesabouttheplannedprojectsforthatyear’sworkplanthroughsubmittalofaworkplannotificationpacket.Thenotificationpacketwillcontaintheworkplan,projectdescriptions,andsupportingmaterialsdescribedaboveinSection9.4.Thenotificationpacketwillalsocontainacoverletterdirectingeachregulatoryagencytotheprojectsandprojectdescriptionsthatfallwithintheirjurisdiction.Thisnotificationpacketwillcontainacompleteprojectlist(i.e.,theworkplan)includingvegetation



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managementplannedforcreeksandchannels.ThenotificationpacketwillincludedetailsoftheannualmitigationplanasdescribedaboveandinSection9.5.

Thenotificationpacketwillalsoprovidedetailsifanyoftheplannedmaintenanceactivitiesshoulddeviatefromthedescriptionofroutineactivitiesasdescribedinthismanual.Ifsuchdeviationsareanticipatedtoimplementtheannualworkplan,thentheywillbedescribedindetailalongwithanyrelevantimpactavoidancemeasures,BMPs,ormitigationconsiderationsthatarenecessary.Similarly,ifduringtheimplementationofmaintenanceactivities,somethingarisesduringthecourseofexecutingthemaintenanceworkthatrequiresadifferenttreatmentorapproachthandescribedinthenotificationpackage,thentheSMPManagerwillsendanupdatednotificationtotherelevantagencieswiththisprojectchange.

Theregulatoryagencieswillhave60‐daystoreviewthenotificationpacketsandwillrespondbacktotheCitybyJune15thtoconfirmtheannualworkplanandprovideanoticetoproceed.TheCitySMPManagerwillalsoinviteagencyrepresentativestoapre‐implementationfieldtourandmeeting.Thepurposeofthisfieldtourwillbetoensureunderstandingbytheregulatoryagencystaffoftheprojectsettingandscopeofmaintenanceactivitiesforthegivenyear.Anyresidualquestionsregardingthesubmittednotificationpacketcanbeaddressedduringthismeetingorthroughsubsequentcommunicationandinformationexchange.

9.7 Project Implementation OncetheCityreceivesanoticetoproceedfromtherelevantregulatoryagencies,maintenanceactivitiesmaybeinitiated.Allmaintenanceactivitieswillbeconductedinaccordancewiththeprojectdescription,program‐wideandactivity‐specificBMPs,andtermsoftheSMPprogrammaticpermits.Thisincludesconductingpreconstructionsurveysforfishandwildlifeandotherresourcesifactivitiesmayaffecttheseresources.

Anon‐siteprojectsupervisortrainedintheSMPManualwilloverseeandguideallmaintenanceactivitiesandwillensurethattheproperMaintenancePrinciplesandavoidanceandminimizationapproachesasdescribedinChapters4and7areemployed.Whenprojectsareimplemented,datawillbecollectedattheprojectsitepriorto,andimmediatelyafter,projectimplementation.Datacollectedwillincludebeforeandafterphotos,crosssectionsurveysaftersedimentremovalisconducted,quantificationofmaterialremoved(forsedimentremovalprojects)orplaced(forbankstabilizationprojects),lengthofcreekorchannelmaintained,sensitivespeciesorotherresourcesencounteredatthesiteduringpreconstructionsurveysorduringprojectimplementation,quantity,characteristics,andlocationofanydebrisdisposedoff‐site,andanyadditionalinformationasrequiredtoupdatetheSMPdatabase.Recordingandmonitoringdatacollectedfollowingprojectimplementationwillbecollectedwithinsevenworkingdaysoffinalmaintenanceactivities.

9.8 Annual Reporting Attheconclusionofthemaintenanceseason(soonafterOctober31st),theCitywillsendtherelevantregulatoryagenciesasummaryannouncementdescribingtheworkplanstatusandconfirmingwhichprojectsfromtheworkplanwerecompletedinthemaintenanceperiod.Duringthefall,theCitywillalsodevelopanannualreportdescribingthemaintenanceactivitiesrecentlyconductedin



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thepreviousworkperiod.ThisannualreportwillbesubmittedtotherelevantregulatoryagenciesbyDecember15th.Thereportwillincludethefollowinginformation:

Theextenttowhichtheworkplanwascompleted(i.e.,identifyprojectsthatwereorwerenotimplemented).Ifprojectswerenotimplemented,notewhyandiftheprojectwillbeincorporatedintothefollowingyear’sworkplanoriftheprojectwillbeplacedonawatchlist.

Ifactivitieswereconductedaccordingtotheprojectdescription,andifnot,howtheactualprojectvariedfromtheprojectdescription.

Sitephotosbeforeandafterprojectcompletion.

GISdatashowingtotalfootprintofproject,andareasofpermanentandtemporaryimpact.

Totallengthofcreekorchannelthatwasmaintainedfortheindividualprojectsintheworkplan.

Howmuchsedimentandvegetationwasremovedandacresaffected,ifapplicable.

Howmuchmaterialwasplacedon‐siteandacresaffected,ifapplicable.

Howmuchmaterialwasdisposedoff‐site,disposallocations,andacresaffected,ifapplicable.

Ifanyspeciesorothersensitiveresourceswereencounteredduringconstructionandifso,whatimpactavoidancestepstheCitytookinresponse.

Abriefdescriptionofon‐siteandoff‐sitemitigationenacted.

Asummaryofrequiredreportingforrecentandpastmitigationactivities.

Abriefdescriptionofsitemonitoring.

Anylessonslearnedfromthatyear’sactivitiesincludingtreatmentsthatwerenoteffective,administrativedifficulties,andproposedstepstofacilitatetheprocess.

Recommendedupdates(ifany)totheBMPsidentifiedintheBMPManual.

Followingsubmittaloftheannualreport,theCity’sSMPManagerwillinviteregulatoryagencystafftoasummarymeetingtodiscusstheevents,maintenanceactivities,andlessonslearnedoverthepastworkcycle.Thismeetingmayalsoincludeasitevisittoseetheprojectsitesafterprojectcompletion.Inthisway,theSMPmangercanadaptivelymanageandimproveprogrameffectivenessbasedonpastexperience.Theannualreportwillalsoincludestatusreportingontheprogram’smitigationactivities,includingthesubmittaloffollowupmonitoringreports.TopicstobeaddressedinthemonitoringreportsaredescribedinChapter8,Section8.6.

Attheconclusionoftheannualworkcycle,theCityshallalsoupdateandverifytheSMPdatabase,andtheBMPlist(Table7‐1)asappropriatetoincludeanyupdatesorchangesmadeovertherecentworkcycle.Inthisway,developingthefollowingyear’sworkplanwillbebuiltonupdatedinformationacrosstheprogram.

9.9 Data Management DatacollectionandmonitoringeffortsarecriticaltomeasuringthesuccessofSMPimplementation.InordertoproperlytracktheprogressofmanagementactivitiestowardsachievingtheSMP’sgoalsandcompliancewithprogrammaticpermitconditions,adatabasewillbecreated.Thisdatabasewill



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serveasthecentralstoragelocationformultipletypesofinformationgatheredaspartofannualandlong‐termSMPimplementation.

Thefollowingdatawillbecollectedorupdatedatvariousstagesintheimplementationprocess:

GISreachmapping

maintenanceactivitiestodate

BMPtracking

pre‐andpost‐projectphotos

creek/channelcharacterizations

creek/channelcrosssections

mitigationprojects

sedimentdisposalsites

specificdatarequiredbypermits

notificationpackages

annualreports

DataordocumentationofthemaintenanceprojectswillbeenteredintotheSMPdatabaseduringeachcycleoftheworkplan,asdescribedinSection9.1above.

TheSMPdatabasewillserveasanimportanttoolfortheSMPManager.Thedatabasewillcontainback‐uptechnicalinformationdocumentationfortheagencynotificationpackagesandannualreports.TheSMPdatabasewillincludecheckliststoensureallconditionsofprogrammaticpermitsaremet.AsdescribedinChapters4and7,SMPimplementationrequirestrackingofimportantitemsortaskstoprotectsensitivespeciesandforpermitcompliance,suchaspre‐constructionsurveydates,meetingthetermsandconditionsoftheissuedBiologicalOpinion,andtabulatingannualmitigationfundingandimplementation.

TheSMPdatabasewillensurethisinformationisgathered,used,anddocumentedtomeetpermitcompliance.Theregulatoryagencieswillreceivethenecessaryinformationonthemaintenanceactivities(basedonthepermitrequirementsandthedescriptionofactivitiesinthismanual).InformationsavedinthedatabasewillalsoprovideinsightintofutureSMPupdates,asdiscussedinSection9.10below.

9.10 Five‐Year Program Review Every5years,theCityandtherelevantregulatoryagencieswillreviewtheStreamMaintenanceProgramforitsoveralleffectiveness.Thisreviewwillincludeanassessmentofmaintenanceactivitiesconductedtodate,BMPsemployed,adequacyoftheSMPMitigationProgram,SMPdatamanagement,adequacyofSMPadaptiveupdatesandrevisions,andoverallprogramcoordinationandcommunicationbetweentheCityandtheregulatoryagencies.TheSMPManagerwillcollectandorganizetheabovereviewinformationandprovideasummaryreporttotheregulatoryagencies.Thesefindingswillbediscussedwiththeregulatoryagenciesatacollectivemeetingandatindividualagencymeetingsasnecessary.Asaresultofthesediscussions,potentialprogramchanges



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orupdatesshallbeintegratedintotheSMPManualthroughanaddendumorrevisionprocess.TheupdatedSMPManualwillberedistributedtoregulatoryagencies.SMPprogramchangesorupdatesmadeatthe5‐yearreviewsmayrequireadditionalCEQAreview.SMPManualrevisionsmayalsorequireanupdatingofpermitterms,whichwouldoccurthroughacollaborativeprocessbetweentheCityandtherelevantpermittingagencies.


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Chapter 10 Literature Cited

10.1 Printed References AlamedaCountywideCleanWaterProgram.2003.AgreementProvidingfortheImplementationof

theAlamedaCountywideCleanWaterProgram.Available:<http://www.cleanwaterprogram.org/uploads/ACCWP%20MOA%20fully%20executed%203‐26‐13.pdf>

AlamedaCreekAlliance.2009.ArroyoMocho.Available:<http://www.alamedacreek.org/Fish_Passage/Arroyo%20Mocho/Arroyo%20Mocho.htm>.Accessed:April27,2009.UpdatedApril24,2009.

BayAreaAirQualityManagementDistrict.2012.CaliforniaEnvironmentalQualityAct:AirQualityGuidelines.Available:<http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/Files/Planning%20and%20Research/CEQA/BAAQMD%20CEQA%20Guidelines_Final_May%202012.ashx?la=en>

Bittman,R.1985.Classificationofbioticthemes.Unpubl.Rep.,NationalNaturalLandmarksProgram,SouthPacificBorderRegion,TheNatureConservancy,SanFrancisco,CA.

CaliforniaNaturalDiversityDatabase.2009.RareFind,Version3.1.0(February2010update).Sacramento,CA:CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandGame.

CaliforniaStateWaterResourcesControlBoard.2001.NationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES)GeneralPermitforStormWaterDischargesAssociatedwithConstructionActivity(GeneralPermit)WaterQualityOrder99‐08‐Dwq.Available:<http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/docs/finalconstpermit.pdf>CityofLivermore.2004.GeneralPlan2003–2025.Livermore,CA.Available:<http://www.ci.livermore.ca.us/general_plan/general_plan.html>.Accessed:February20,2009.

Coats,R.,M.A.Showers,andB.Pavlik.1988.AmanagementplanfortheSpringtownalkalisinkwetlandsandtheendangeredplantCordylanthuspalmatus.SanFrancisco,CA:PhillipWilliamsandAssociates.

ContraCostaCountyFloodControlandWaterConservationDistrict.2012.PressRelease:FloodControlDistrictPuts4‐LeggedTeamtoWorkGrazingAlongWalnutCreek(DistrictStudyingUseofAnimalsforManagingVegetation).Available:<http://www.co.contra‐costa.ca.us/DocumentView.aspx?DID=7768>.Accessed:June25,2012.

Crane,R.C.1995.GeologyoftheMt.DiabloRegionandEastBayHills.In:RecentGeologicStudiesintheSanFranciscoBayArea.Sangines,Andersen,andBuising(Eds).Fullerton,CA:ThePacificSectionoftheSocietyofEconomicPaleontologistsandMineralogists.Pp.87‐114.

EnvironmentalLaboratory.1987.CorpsofEngineersWetlandDelineationManual.January.Accessible:<http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/elpubs/pdf/wlman87.pdf>.Accessed:June5,2012.

City of Livermore Literature Cited


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ESAAssociates.2006.Zone7StreamManagementMasterPlan:DraftEnvironmentalImpactReport.Preparedfor:Zone7WaterAgency.

FederalEmergencyManagementAgency.1997.TheFloodInsuranceStudyfortheCityofLivermore.September.

Graymer,R.W.,D.L.Jones,andE.E.Brabb.1996.PreliminaryGeologicMapEmphasizingBedrockFormationsinAlamedaCounty,California:DerivedfromtheDigitalDatabaseOpen‐FileReport96‐252.Reston,VA:UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey.

Grinnell,J.,andA.H.Miller.1944.“TheDistributionoftheBirdsofCalifornia.”PacificCoastAvifauna27.

Holland,R.F.1986.PreliminarydescriptionsoftheterrestrialnaturalcommunitiesofCalifornia.Sacramento,CA:DepartmentofFishandGame.

ICFInternational.2010.EastAlamedaCountyConservationStrategy(EACCS).FinalDraft,October.PreparedfortheEACCSSteeringCommittee.

Jones&Stokes.2001.Vasco‐Laughlinresourceconservationplan.Workingdraft.March.PreparedfortheCityofLivermore,Livermore,CA.

Jones&Stokes.2003.AlamedaCountyROSAProject:BiologicalResourcesReport.FinalDraft.December.Preparedfor:CountyofAlameda.

Jones&Stokes.2006.AnnualReportfortheGroundwaterManagementProgram,2005WaterYear.PreparedfortheAlamedaCountyFloodControlandWaterConservationDistrictZone7WaterAgency.October.

Kohlmann,S.,J.Alvarez,C.Clark,andR.Nuzum.2008.ABaselineAssessmentofEnvironmentalandBiologicalConditionsatFivePillarsFarms,AlamedaCounty,California.UnpublishedReport.TierraResourceManagement,CatroValley,CA.89pp.

Lamphier&AssociatesandSWAGroup.2000.NorthLivermorespecificplan.Draftenvironmentalimpactreport.April.PreparedforCountyofAlamedaandCityofLivermore.Oakland,CA.

Larson,C.J.1987.Badgerdistributionstudy.CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandGame.Non‐gamewildlifeinvestigationsreport.ProjectW‐65‐R‐4.8pp.

NationalFloodInsuranceProgram.2014.Resources:Glossary.Availableat:https://www.floodsmart.gov/floodsmart/pages/glossary_A‐I.jsp#F.Accessed:October28,2014.

Neff,J.A.1937.NestingDistributionoftheTri‐coloredRed‐winginCentralCalifornia.Condor39:61‐81.

Norris,R.M.andR.W.Webb.1990.GeologyofCalifornia.SecondEdition.NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&Sons.Pp.359–411.

OaklandMuseumofCalifornia.2009.ArroyolasPositaswatershedmap.Available:<http://www.museumca.org/creeks/133B06‐OMAPositas.html>.Accessed:April27,2009.

Ollenburger,R.D.1986.SourceandStratigraphyoftheLivermoreGravels,AlamedaCounty,California.Master’sthesis,CaliforniaStateUniversity,Hayward.



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PhillipWilliams&Associates.1988.AmanagementplanfortheSpringtownalkalisinkwetlandsandtheendangeredplant,Cordylanthuspalmatus.PreparedfortheU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceandtheCaliforniaDepartmentofFishandGame.Sacramento,CA.

QuestaEngineeringCorporation.1998.HydrologicanalysisoftheSpringtownalkalisink,Livermore,California.PreparedfortheCityofLivermore,theCountyofAlameda,andtheU.S.BureauofReclamation.

Reeves,P.N.,andP.D.Champion.2004.EffectsofLivestockGrazingonWetlands:LiteratureReview.PreparedforEnvironmentWaikato.May.Available:<http://www.wetlandtrust.org.nz/documents/grazing.pdf>.Accessed:June25,2012.

RMC.2006.Zone7streammanagementmasterplan.Section1.August.Available:<http://www.zone7water.com/images/SMMP_sec.1.bckd.pdf>.Accessed:May26,2009.

SanFranciscoBayRegionalWaterQualityControlBoard.2000.BeneficialReuseofDredgedMaterials:SedimentScreeningandTestingGuidelines.Available:<http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/water_issues/available_documents/benreuse.pdf>

SanFranciscoBayRegionalWaterQualityControlBoard.2004.2004PrioritizedListofBasinPlanIssuesforInvestigation.Available:<http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/rwqcb2/basinplan.htm>.Accessed:November3,2006.

Sawyer,J.O.andT.Keeler‐Wolf.1995.AManualofCaliforniaVegetation.CaliforniaNativePlantSociety,Sacramento.471pp.

Schaaf&Wheeler.2004.StormDrainMasterPlan–FinalReport.Preparedfor:CityofLivermore.July.

Smith,J.J.1998.SteelheadandotherfishresourcesofwesternMt.Hamiltonstreams.December.SanJoseStateUniversity.SanJose,CA.

SoilConservationService.1966.Soilsurvey,Alamedaarea,California.Davis,CA:UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.

StateWaterResourcesControlBoard.2005.PolicyforImplementationofToxicsStandardsforInlandSurfaceWaters,EnclosedBays,andEstuariesofCalifornia.Available:<http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/state_implementation_policy/docs/final.pdf>

StateWaterResourcesControlBoard.2011.2010IntegratedReport(CleanWaterActSection303(d)List/305(b)Report.FinaldecisionissuesbytheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyonOctober11,2011.LastUpdated:November1,2011.Available:<http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/integrated2010.shtml>.Accessed:June15,2012.

U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers.2008.RegionalSupplementtotheCorpsofEngineersWetlandDelineationManual:AridWestRegion(Version2.0).September.Available:<http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/elpubs/pdf/trel08‐28.pdf>.Accessed:June5,2012.

U.S.FishandWildlifeService.1998.RecoveryPlanforUplandSpeciesoftheSanJoaquinValley,California.U.S.FishandWildlifeService.Region1,Portland,OR.319pp.



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U.S.FishandWildlifeService.1999.StandardizedRecommendationsforProtectionoftheSanJoaquinKitFoxPriortoorDuringGroundDisturbance.SacramentoFishandWildlifeOffice.June.Available:<http://www.fws.gov/ventura/species_information/protocols_guidelines/docs/sjkf/sanjoaquinkitfox_protection.pdf>.Accessed:June24,2012.

U.S.GeologicalSurvey.2004.NationalWaterInformationSystemOnlineDatabase(NWISweb).Available:<http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/>.Accessed:March30,2004.

Welch,L.E.,Huff,R.C.,Dierking,R.A.,Cook,T.D.,Bates,L.A.andAndrews,W.R.1966.SoilSurvey‐AlamedaArea,California.U.S.Dept.ofAgriculture,SoilConservationService,41.

WetlandsResearchAssociates,Inc.andZanderAssociates.2004.ResourceManagementPlanfortheEastDublinProperties.Draft.SanRafael,CA.Preparedfor:CityofDublin,CA.

Wolman,M.G.andR.Gerson.1978.RelativeScalesofTimeandEffectivenessofClimateinWatershedGeomorphology,EarthSurf.Process,3,189‐208.

Zone7WaterAgency.2006.Zone7StreamManagementMasterPlan.PreparedbyRMCWaterandEnvironment.August.

Draft Manual

Livermore Stream Maintenance Program 11‐1

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Chapter 11 List of Preparers

11.1 City of Livermore 1052SouthLivermoreAvenueLivermore,CA94550

Community Development Department

CheriSheets CityEngineer

SteveStewart SeniorPlanner

PamelaLung AssociateCivilEngineer

Public Works Department

DarrenGreenwood AssistantPublicWorksDirector

JudyErlandson PublicWorksManager

SteveAguiar PublicWorksSupervisor

MikeWells PublicWorksSupervisor

JonathanBrowning WastewaterCollectionsWorkerII

11.2 ICF International 620FolsomStreet,SecondFloorSanFrancisco,CA94107

RichWalter Principal‐in‐Charge

KathrynGaffney Manager

JeffThomas SeniorManager

BillParker GISAnalyst

HeatherWhite GISAnalyst

EricChristensen Biologist

SimoneBerkovitz EnvironmentalPlanner

ShannonHill EnvironmentalPlanner

Appendix A

Figures

livermore stream maintenance program · pdf filechapter 5 maintenance activity descriptions...

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