Liulin-F charged particle

telescope for radiation

environment investigation

aboard Phobos-Grunt

interplanetary spacecraft

SES 2010, Sofia, 2-4 November, 2010

Semkova J.Semkova J.11, Maltchev S., Maltchev S. 1 1, Tomov B., Tomov B. 1 1, Matviichuk Yu., Matviichuk Yu. 1 1, ,

Dachev Ts.Dachev Ts. 1 1, Koleva R., Koleva R. 1 1, Benghin V. V., Benghin V. V.22, Chernykh I. , Chernykh I.

V.V. 2 2, Shurshakov V. A., Shurshakov V. A. 2 2, Petrov V. M., Petrov V. M. 2 2, Khamidullina N. , Khamidullina N.

M.M.33, Uchihori Y , Uchihori Y 44., Kitamura H., Kitamura H 4 4., Yasuda N., Yasuda N44, Kodaira S, Kodaira S

44

11 Space andSpace and Solar-Terrestrial Solar-Terrestrial Research InstituteResearch Institute, ,

Bulgaria, Bulgaria,

2 2 Institute of Biomedical Problems, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russia Russia

3 Lavochkin Association, 3 Lavochkin Association, Federal Space Agency, RussiaFederal Space Agency, Russia

4 4 National Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institute of Radiological Sciences, , JapanJapan

OutlineOutline

Phobos-Grunt project.

Experiment Liulin-F for investigation of the

radiation environment onboard Phobos-Grunt

spacecraft.

Particle telescope Liulin-F.

Calibration results

Conclusions.

Soyuz LV injection into Earth orbit

(H=200 km)

PS 1st ignition, injection into Earth parking orbit

PS 2nd ignition, injection phase

PS separation injection phase

Descent module boost into hyperbolic

trajectory

Earth-Mars cruise, TCMs

Descent module deceleration by

means of PS into 3-day Mars orbit Descent module insertion

into observation orbit by means of PS

Observation orbit cruise. Rendezvous and landing

maneuvers

Landing

Soil sampling

Return module start

Mars-Earth cruise TCMs

Descent module separation

Re-entry

Descent module braking

Descent module landing

PHOBOS SAMPLE RETURNPHOBOS SAMPLE RETURN

MISSION PROFILEMISSION PROFILE

By courtesy of Prof. Lev Zelenyi, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia

Goals of the MissionGoals of the Mission

Phobos regolith sample return,Phobos regolith sample return, Phobos in situ study and remote sensing,Phobos in situ study and remote sensing, Martian environment study Martian environment study

Mars system science:Mars system science:

– Phobos investigation (regolith, origin and evolution of the Phobos investigation (regolith, origin and evolution of the Martian moons),Martian moons),

– Martian environment conditions (dust, plasma, fields),Martian environment conditions (dust, plasma, fields),– Monitoring of the Martian atmosphere.Monitoring of the Martian atmosphere.

By courtesy of Prof. Lev Zelenyi, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia

PHOBOS – GRUNT PROJECTPHOBOS – GRUNT PROJECT

Spacecraft components © Lavochkin Association

Mission duration – 3 years.

Liulin- F will be installed on the Orbiter/Lander.

Measurements during the cruise phase, on Mars’s orbit and on the surface of Phobos: Radiation conditions in the heliosphere at distances of 1 to 1.5 AU from the Sun and in the near-Mars space . Radiation doses received by the components of spacecraft. Verification the radiation environment models and assessment of radiation risk to the crewmembers of future exploratory flights.

LIULIN –F EXPERIMENTLIULIN –F EXPERIMENT

ObjectivesObjectives

PARTICLE TELESCOPE LIULIN- FPARTICLE TELESCOPE LIULIN- F

GGoalsoals

Liulin-F will measure simultaneously at 2 perpendicular directions:

Absorbed Dose Rate D.

Particle flux.

Individual contribution of electrons, protons,

and HZE particles in the dose composition.  

Goals (continuation)Goals (continuation)

LET spectra.

A special telemetry command “Request of

current dose rate” will be used if a need arises

to access the radiation conditions at a given

moment. Receiving that command Liulin-

Fhobos will provide last measured dose rate.

Technical characteristics (1)Technical characteristics (1)

Weight 0, 500 kg. Power consumption 2,1W. Telemetry rate –250 kB/day.

Two dosemetric telescopes (D1&D2) and (D&D4) in perpendicular directions.

Every telescope consists of two Si PIN photodiodes, operating in coincidence mode to obtain LET.

Liulin-F flight unitLiulin-F flight unit

Detectors’ assembly

Detectors thickness 300µm, distance between detectors 20 mm. Internal view

D 1

D 2

CSA 1Pulse

height

analysis

Microcontroler

Interfaces

Board supply TM

CSA 3

Coincidence1

Block-diagram of Liulin-FBlock-diagram of Liulin-F

D 3D 4

Coincidence2CSA 2

CSA4

Liulin-F dataLiulin-F data

Single detectors Absorbed dose rate 10-6 - 0.1 Gy/h. Particle flux 0 - 104 particle/(cm2.s). Energy deposition spectrum. One of detectors in One of detectors in every telescope measures the energy deposition every telescope measures the energy deposition spectrum in the range 0.1-10 MeV (in 2 sub-ranges) , spectrum in the range 0.1-10 MeV (in 2 sub-ranges) , and the other in the range 0.3-70 MeV (in 2 and the other in the range 0.3-70 MeV (in 2 sub-sub-

ranges)ranges). . Dosemetric telescopes

LET spectrum (in H2O) 0.5–120 keV/µm (in 2 sub-(in 2 sub-

ranges)ranges).

Measurement modesMeasurement modes

Flight - Dose and flux rates measurement every 60 s, energy deposition spectra and LET spectra – 60 min.

Calibration - for ground–based tests.

CALIBRATIONS CALIBRATIONS AT NIRS-CHIBA, JAPAN

Exposures with 70 MeV and 30 MeV protons and Helium 100 MeV, 25MeV/n at Cyclotron

Exposures with Carbon, 400 MeV/n and Neon, 600 MeV/n at HIMAC

Exposures to 70 MeV protonsExposures to 70 MeV protons

Deposited energy distribution for the 70 MeV protons measured simultaneously in 2 perpendicular detectors D3 and D2.

1) D3 at 00 and D2 at 900.

2) D3 at 600 and D2 at 300 .

1)

2)

D3

D2

D3

Exposures to 30 MeV protonsExposures to 30 MeV protons

Deposited energy distribution for the 30 MeV protons, measured simultaneously in 2 parallel detectors D4 (black line) and D3 (green line). Beam on D4 at 00 to D4&D3 telescope axis.

D3

D4

Results from exposures to Results from exposures to protonsprotons

Exposures to 70 MeV protonsExposures to 70 MeV protons allowed calibration allowed calibration

and intercalibration of the two pair telescopes of and intercalibration of the two pair telescopes of

Liulin-F and obtaining the calibration coefficients Liulin-F and obtaining the calibration coefficients

for energy deposition and LET distribution in low for energy deposition and LET distribution in low

energy range of measurement of each one Si energy range of measurement of each one Si

detector.detector.

Exposures to 30 MeV protonsExposures to 30 MeV protons allowed estimating allowed estimating

the nonuniformity of detectors shielding.the nonuniformity of detectors shielding.

Exposures to C 400 MeV/uExposures to C 400 MeV/u

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10 100 1000 10000 100000

DE, KeV

Series3

LET spectrum for C 400 MeV/u obtained at 00 inclination of the telescope axis to the incident beam. The peak of the deposited energy distribution corresponds to LET (H2O) = 10.9 keV/µm

Exposures to Exposures to Ne 600 MeV/uNe 600 MeV/u

1

10

100

1000

10 100 1000 10000 100000

DE, KeV

Series3

Series4

LET spectrum at 00 inclination of the telescope axis to the incident beam. The peak of the deposited energy distribution corresponds to LET (H2O) = 25.5 keV/µm.

Results from exposures to heavy Results from exposures to heavy ionsions

The exposures to Carbon 12C, 400 MeV/n allowed The exposures to Carbon 12C, 400 MeV/n allowed calibration and intercalibration of the telescopes, calibration and intercalibration of the telescopes, obtaining the calibration coefficients for energy obtaining the calibration coefficients for energy deposition and LET distribution in low energy deposition and LET distribution in low energy deposition/LET range of detectors D2 and D3 (0.3-10 deposition/LET range of detectors D2 and D3 (0.3-10 MeV).MeV).

The exposures to Neon 600 MeV/n allowed calibration The exposures to Neon 600 MeV/n allowed calibration and intercalibration of the telescopes of Liulin-F, and intercalibration of the telescopes of Liulin-F, obtaining the calibration coefficients for energy obtaining the calibration coefficients for energy deposition and LET distribution in high energy deposition and LET distribution in high energy deposition/LET range of detectors D2 and D3 (10.2-70 deposition/LET range of detectors D2 and D3 (10.2-70 MeV).MeV).

Calibrations Results (summary)Calibrations Results (summary) The experiments at Cyclotron and HIMAC

allowed obtaining the response to protons

and heavy ions in both low and high energy

deposition and LET ranges of each single

detector and of two dosemetric telescopes

of Liulin-F.

The calibration characteristics obtained are

used in the software development for the

flight instrument.

Status of Status of Liulin- Liulin- FF

2007 – Mass & Thermal Models. – Mass & Thermal Models.

2008 – Engineering Model. Computer based – Engineering Model. Computer based

testing system and software. testing system and software. AAcceptance tests.cceptance tests.

2009 – Flight – Flight Model. Calibrations at charged Model. Calibrations at charged

particle accelerators. Aparticle accelerators. Acceptance tests.cceptance tests. The flight The flight

model was delivered to model was delivered to Lavochkin Association in Lavochkin Association in

June 2009.June 2009.

2010 - Complex tests.

Expected launch of Phobos-Grunt - end 2011.

Liulin F CollaborationLiulin F Collaboration

Liulin- F particle telescope development, tests and calibrations:

STIL (Bulgaria) IMBP (Russia) NIRS (Japan)NIRS (Japan) Lavochkin Space Association, Russia.Lavochkin Space Association, Russia.

Radiation environment models: Dr. G. Deangelis (Italy)Dr. G. Deangelis (Italy)

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

The experiment Liulin - F for investigating the radiation environment during the cruise phase, in Mars orbit and on the surface of Phobos has been selected for future Phobos-Soil space mission.

Flight model of Liulin-F has been created, calibrated with charged particle beams and qualified for space flight.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Agreement between RAS and BAS on space

research.

Grant from Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Grant DID 02/8 from the Bulgarian Ministry of

Education and Science.

Cooperative Agreement between IMBP- RAS, STIL-

BAS and NIRS - Japan.

Thank you for attention!