2014

Litigation Technology for the Modern Practitioner

Jonathan H. Lomurro, Esq. LLM.

Matthew K. Blaine, Esq.

Christopher T. Campbell, Esq.

Christina Vassiliou Harvey, Esq.

Stephanie L. Lomurro, Esq.

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Litigation Technology for the Modern Practitioner

1st Edition – ©2014

By: Jonathan H. Lomurro, Esq. LL.M. Corporate/Commercial: Matthew K. Blaine, Esq. Criminal Law: Christopher T. Campbell, Esq. Ethics: Christina Vassiliou Harvey, Esq. Family Law: Stephanie L. Lomurro, Esq.

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About This Book

This is the First Edition of Litigation Technology for the Modern Practitioner. The

purpose of this book is to offer both a reader-friendly guide to the use of technology in litigation

as well as to provide the current case law and court rules applicable to its use. It seeks to

provide a present-state summary of technology and the courts.

Litigation Technology for the Modern Practitioner addresses criminal, corporate, civil,

personal injury, medical malpractice, municipal court, family law, and general practice. The

book will not substantively focus on Patent, Copyrights, and Trademarks although it may

reference some applicable case law.

The purpose is to assist and educate litigators. It references different applications,

machines, software, and websites, based on what is presently available on the market and used

by the authors. As will be addressed, technology is continuously changing.

Our hope is to provide a clear-and-concise format that will relay quick, substantive

answers to the reader.

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About The Authors

JONATHAN H. LOMURRO, ESQ. LLM holds his Master of Laws in Trial Advocacy and concentrates his practice on Personal Injury and Medical Malpractice. He is a graduate of Rutgers College, Widener University School of Law, and Temple University Beasley School of Law. He has lectured and published, on technology in the practice of law, for the American Bar Association, American Inns of Court, New Jersey State Bar Association, New Jersey Institute for Continuing Legal Education, Haydn Proctor Inn of Court, Monmouth Bar Association, Somerset County Bar Association, Anne E. Thomson Inn of Court, National Business Institute, and the New Jersey Association for Justice. He is co-author of the trial treatise, Try It: With Friends.

Mr. Lomurro is the President of the Monmouth County Haydn Proctor Inn of Court. He serves on the New Jersey State Bar Association’s Board of Trustees, New Jersey Association for Justice’s Broad of Trustees, and the Trial Attorneys of New Jersey’s Board of Trustees. He is the current Secretary for the New Jersey State Bar Association Civil Trial Bar Section Executive Committee. Jonathan H. Lomurro is also a Trustee with the Charitable Fund of Lomurro, Davison, Eastman, & Munoz. He has received the New Jersey State Bar Association’s “Young Lawyer of the Year” and “Outstanding Professional Achievement Award.”

CHRISTOPHER T. CAMPBELL, ESQ. is admitted to practice in New Jersey and New York, and has been designated a Certified Criminal Trial Attorney by the Supreme Court of New Jersey. He maintains a criminal defense practice based out of Freehold, New Jersey. Chris received a B.A. in Political Science at Rutgers University, and obtained his Juris Doctor at Jacob D. Fuchsberg Touro Law Center. He presently serves on the Monmouth County Criminal Practice Committee, as the Ocean County Representative to the New Jersey State Bar Young Lawyers Division, and handles the criminal aspects for the Technology Committee of the Haydn Proctor Inn of Court. He has authored numerous pieces published in the New Jersey Law Journal on criminal practice, lectured on the role of technology in criminal practice to his peers, as well as criminal practice in general to freshmen at Rutgers University. He is also an adjunct professor for Fairleigh-Dickinson University’s paralegal program.

STEPHANIE L. LOMURRO, ESQ. concentrates her practice in the areas of Family Law and Guardianships. She has lectured on the use of technology in Family Law cases with the New Jersey Association for Justice. Prior to entering private practice, Stephanie served in a judicial clerkship to the Honorable Sallyanne Floria, P.J.F.P., Superior Court of New Jersey, Essex Vicinage. Stephanie received a B.A. degree from Drew University and obtained her Juris Doctor from New York Law School. Stephanie is admitted to the Bars of the State of New Jersey, the State of New York, and the District Court of New Jersey. She has served on the Executive Committee of the New Jersey State Bar Association Young Lawyers Division, and is an active member of the New Jersey State Bar Association Family Law Section, as well as the Union, Essex, Bergen and Hudson County Bar Associations.

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CHRISTINA VASSILIOU HARVEY, ESQ. is an attorney in the Personal Injury Department at Lomurro, Davison, Eastman & Munoz, P.A. Her primary practice areas are plaintiff’s personal injury law, appellate practice, and horse racing law. She is admitted to practice law in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, the United States District Courts for the District of New Jersey and the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Prior to entering private practice, Ms. Harvey clerked for the Honorable Dorothea O’C. Wefing, P.J.A.D. She has lectured extensively on Ethics and Social Media and other issues where technology impacts the law. She is a frequent contributor to the New Jersey Institute for Continuing Legal Education and has presented seminars to the American Bar Association Young Lawyers Division, the New Jersey State Bar Association, the Mercer County Inn of Court, Hudson County Inn of Court, Somerset County Bar Association, the Middlesex County Bar Association, and many others. She served as a Trustee to the New Jersey State Bar Association from 2011-2013. She is also the past Chair of the New Jersey State Bar Association Young Lawyers Division, and the past recipient of two of its awards: Outstanding Young Lawyer of the Year (2013) and Service to the Bar (2009). She was also an ABA Young Lawyers Division Star of the Year (2013), and received three separate Stars of the Quarter (2002, 2008, and 2007).

MATTHEW K. BLAINE, ESQ. received his B.A. from Rutgers University, New Brunswick and his J.D. from Rutgers School of Law – Camden. He practices primarily in New Jersey but has handled cases for clients outside of the jurisdiction, as well. He specializes in complex Corporate/Commercial litigation. Matt served as an appellate clerk for the Honorable Linda G. Baxter, Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division. He is former intern for United States Magistrate Judge Tonianne J. Bongiovanni and a former student clerk of the U.S. Attorney’s Office, District of New Jersey, Trenton branch. Matt is admitted to practice in New Jersey Superior Court and New Jersey District Court, as well as the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the New Jersey State Bar Association, its Young Lawyers Division and Business Law Section, the Monmouth Bar Association and BNI – Freehold.

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Acknowledgments

JHL - I wish to acknowledge and express my sincere appreciation and support for my

loving wife, Heather, the smiles and love provided by my daughters, Jema, Jade, and June, the

contributions from my co-authors, and the superb support provided by Lomurro, Davison,

Eastman & Munoz; with a special thank you to Mom, Pops, Donna, Chardo, and Steph. Thanks

to Andrew Ball and Maralyn Campanella for cite-checking review, Blake Laurence for providing

some helpful information relating to Estate Planning, and Linda Soden, Kelsey Clayton, Nina

Byard, and Susan McDonough for being the best legal support team around, and Rachael

Creighton with Thomson Reuters for cite-checking and case access. I want to thank Lisa Spiegel

and Paula Portner for making this possible.

CTC – I would like to thank my wife, Abby, for putting up with me since my last week of

law school, my colleagues in the legal profession for ideas that keep me thinking, and you for

actually reading this dedication.

SLL – This one is for Donna, Jon and Richie. You have set the bar impossibly high for me

in every way. How fortunate I am to have three wonderful siblings who are my closest friends

and strongest support system. I guess Mom and Dad are responsible for that (thank you!) Also,

a special thanks to Anne Fox, Brian Shea, Brian Schwartz, and Liz Vinhal – your knowledge,

patience and encouragement are deeply appreciated.

CVH - The ethical contributions to this book could not be possible without the

contributions and guidance of the Honorable Patricia Costello, A.J.S.C., Supti Bhattacharya, Esq.,

Shanna McCann, Esq., Mac McCoy, Esq., and Brooks Sneath, Esq. I would like to thank them

each for their assistance in developing this topic over the years. I would also like to thank my

husband, William T. Harvey, Jr., for all of his support and encouragement in my endeavors to

lecture and write about ethics and technology. I share in Jon’s thanking of our personal injury

support team for their professionalism and assistance!

MKB – I extend my appreciation to all those who assisted with this project and helped

to make it a worthwhile learning experience. If not for the Lomurro Davison team, this task

would have proven insurmountable. Many thanks to our entire Corporate Department, to Jon

for the opportunity and advice, to Deanna for keeping me on the straight and narrow (another

seemingly insurmountable task) and to Maralyn, our dedicated librarian, for her invaluable

research expertise. Thank you, too, Mom & Dad for all of your support, guidance and insight and

for introducing me to the law, and to Beth and Mel for being the best sisters anyone could have.

And thank you to Kristin, too, for your compassion, understanding and support in assisting me

always, and especially through this process - not to mention for tolerating a few weeks of

unmown lawns and untended landscaping.

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Table of Contents

1NTR0DUCT10N ............................................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER 1: Definitions .................................................................................................... 20

Cloud............................................................................................................................. 20

App ............................................................................................................................... 20

Metadata ...................................................................................................................... 21

E-Discovery ................................................................................................................... 26

ESI (Electronically Stored Information) ........................................................................ 26

Native Format and Imaged (or Static) File Format ....................................................... 27

Technology Assisted Review (TAR) ............................................................................... 29

Predictive Coding .......................................................................................................... 30

CHAPTER 2: Basic Hardware Overview............................................................................. 32

Cell/Smart Phones ........................................................................................................ 32

Desktop Computers ...................................................................................................... 33

Laptops ......................................................................................................................... 33

Slate/Tablet/Convertible Computers ........................................................................... 33

iPad ............................................................................................................................... 34

Presentation Devices .................................................................................................... 35

CHAPTER 3: Internet Marketing & Ethics ......................................................................... 38

Blogs, Vlogs, and Websites ........................................................................................... 38

Exceeding the Geographic Scope of Your Legal License........................................... 39

To Post or Not to Post? ............................................................................................ 40

Paid Advertising / Pay per click / Deals of the Day ................................................... 40

Endorsements and Testimonials .............................................................................. 43

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Advertisements ........................................................................................................ 45

Lawyer Rating Websites ........................................................................................... 47

Judge’s Use of Technology ....................................................................................... 48

Trial Publicity ............................................................................................................ 49

Confidentiality .......................................................................................................... 50

Social Media and Ethics, Advertising, and Marketing .................................................. 52

Unintended Advertising............................................................................................ 53

False or Misleading Statements ............................................................................... 54

Unanticipated Solicitations ...................................................................................... 55

Duty of Confidentiality ............................................................................................. 56

Duty of Confidentiality and Cloud Computing ......................................................... 56

Friending Judges or Mediators ................................................................................. 56

Inadvertently Creating Attorney-Client Relationships ............................................. 57

Duty of Candor ......................................................................................................... 59

CHAPTER 4: Initial Intake and Investigation ..................................................................... 60

Conflict Check ............................................................................................................... 60

Creating a Digital File Folder ........................................................................................ 60

Early Case Analysis and Data Collection ....................................................................... 64

Types of Social Media ................................................................................................... 66

Collaborative Social Media ....................................................................................... 70

Directory Listings ...................................................................................................... 71

Community Connections .......................................................................................... 73

Quick Communications............................................................................................. 75

Archiving Sites .......................................................................................................... 75

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Google® ........................................................................................................................ 77

Google Alerts® & Alternatives .................................................................................. 77

Google Maps, Google Earth, and Google Street View.............................................. 79

Google Scholar .......................................................................................................... 83

Initial Client Conference ............................................................................................... 83

Quick overview of some iPad Apps .......................................................................... 84

Advise Your Client about Preservation of Electronic Evidence ................................ 88

Questioning the Client about ESI and Social Media ................................................. 93

Estate Planning in the Digital Age for Virtual Assets ................................................ 97

Planning Tips for the Estate Planning Practitioner ................................................... 98

CHAPTER 5: After Accepting Case .................................................................................. 100

Managing the File Prior to Suit ................................................................................... 100

Working with a Case Management System............................................................ 100

Preservation Letters to Potential Adversaries and Other Third-Parties ................ 100

Social Media Overview (Investigation) ....................................................................... 101

Ethics of Social Media Investigation ....................................................................... 103

New Jersey Facebook Cases ................................................................................... 107

How to Download Facebook Archived Data ........................................................... 114

How to Download Google Archive Data ................................................................. 114

Using an API to gather social media metadata ...................................................... 115

Places to Collect Information ..................................................................................... 116

Computers, Tablets, & Cellphones ......................................................................... 116

The Internet ............................................................................................................ 120

Audio/Visual Recording .......................................................................................... 127

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Photographs ........................................................................................................... 128

Voiceprint Identification ......................................................................................... 130

Event Data Recorders ............................................................................................. 131

Cell Phones ............................................................................................................. 132

Invasion of Privacy and Tension with Duty to Monitor .......................................... 140

Client Portals .............................................................................................................. 142

Technology to Solve Problems ................................................................................... 142

Data Security: A Warning to all Clients (and their Attorneys) .................................... 144

CHAPTER 6: The Criminal Element ................................................................................. 150

Technological Crime ................................................................................................... 152

File Sharing/Torrents/Peer-to-Peer ........................................................................ 153

Child Pornography .................................................................................................. 154

Pirating and ISP Letters .......................................................................................... 155

Theft ....................................................................................................................... 157

Hidden Compartments ........................................................................................... 158

Laser Pointers ......................................................................................................... 159

Medical Testing ...................................................................................................... 159

Invasion of Privacy, Photographs and Recordings ................................................. 159

Cell Phone Offenses ................................................................................................ 160

Law Enforcement Technology .................................................................................... 163

Police Officer Cell Phone Records .......................................................................... 163

Thermal Imaging ..................................................................................................... 164

Lie Detectors ........................................................................................................... 165

Computer Aided Dispatch ...................................................................................... 165

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Speed Detecting Devices ........................................................................................ 166

Automatic License Plate Reader ............................................................................. 166

Mobile Video/Visual Recorder (MVR) .................................................................... 167

Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) .................................................................................. 168

DWI/DUI and the Alcotest ...................................................................................... 168

Cell Phone Tower Emulators .................................................................................. 170

Roving Bugs and Remote Activation ...................................................................... 171

DNA/CODIS/AFIS .................................................................................................... 171

Constitutional Issues .................................................................................................. 172

Custodial Interrogation and Driver Hearings ......................................................... 172

Search and Seizure of Tethered Evidence .............................................................. 174

Reasonable Expectation of Privacy ........................................................................ 174

GPS Tracking and Cell Phone Pinging ..................................................................... 177

Search and Seizure of Untethered Evidence .......................................................... 181

Wiretaps ................................................................................................................. 185

Federal Statutes: CALEA/SCAA/ECPA/FISA/PRISM/NSA ........................................ 188

Databases and Online Search Tools ........................................................................... 191

CHAPTER 7: Obtaining Digital Data ................................................................................ 195

Discovery Requests for ESI and the Discovery Process .............................................. 196

Relevant Discovery Court Rules .............................................................................. 197

General ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Interrogatories ........................................................................................................ 207

Requests for Production and Form of Production ................................................. 207

Metadata Requests ................................................................................................ 210

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Privilege, Work Product, Waiver, F.R.E. 502 and Clawback Agreements ............... 212

Identification of “Not Reasonably Accessible” Sources of ESI and Cost-Shifting ... 215

28 U.S.C. § 1920(4) and Awarding E-Discovery Costs to a Prevailing Party ........... 221

Motion for a Protective Order ................................................................................ 222

Whether ESI Search Terminology and Seed Sets are Privileged ............................ 222

Protective Orders and Claims of Overbreadth ....................................................... 226

Child Pornography .................................................................................................. 228

Motions in the Family Part ..................................................................................... 229

TAR, Predictive Coding and Search, Collection and Production Methodologies ... 230

Third-Party Subpoena Practice ............................................................................... 238

Motions to Quash Subpoena to ISP or Website for Subscriber ID ......................... 244

Social Media Issues ..................................................................................................... 246

Depositions ................................................................................................................. 255

Spoliation .................................................................................................................... 259

Proposed Amendment to Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(e) ........................................................... 267

Public Records ............................................................................................................ 268

Investigators, Victims, Witnesses and Police ............................................................. 269

Experts .................................................................................................................... 269

CHAPTER 8: Working with Digital Evidence ................................................................... 270

Computer-Generated Animations, Recreations, and Models .................................... 271

Audio, Video, and Photographic Software & Evidence .............................................. 274

Slideshow Presentation Software .............................................................................. 276

Trial Presentation Software ........................................................................................ 280

How to display an iPad in the Courtroom .................................................................. 283

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Technology in Briefs ................................................................................................... 284

CHAPTER 9: The Jury ...................................................................................................... 286

Jury Selection .............................................................................................................. 286

Monitoring the Jury’s Reaction During Trial............................................................... 288

The Internet and Jurors .............................................................................................. 289

CHAPTER 10: Courtroom Presentation .......................................................................... 297

Overview..................................................................................................................... 297

Physical Courtroom Concerns .................................................................................... 302

Courtroom Technology Top 10 Rules ......................................................................... 308

Demonstrative Aids & Illustrative Evidence ............................................................... 309

Objections to Technological Presentation of Evidence .............................................. 323

Judicial Notice ............................................................................................................. 329

Opening ...................................................................................................................... 332

Direct Examination ..................................................................................................... 336

Witness Depositions at Trial ....................................................................................... 347

Expert De Bene Esse Deposition ................................................................................. 349

Cross-Examination ...................................................................................................... 350

Closing ........................................................................................................................ 352

Appendix ......................................................................................................................... 355