Literature

Textbooks

Campbell, E. J. M., Dickinson, C J., Sleater, J. D. H.: Clinical Physiology, 4th edition. Oxford-London-Edinburgh-Melboume: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1974

Frohlich, E. D.: Pathophysiology: Altered Mechanisms in Disease, 2nd edition. Philadelphia-Toronto: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1976

Ganong, W. F.: Review of Medical Physiology, 8th edition. Los Altos: Lange Medical Publications, 1977

Sodeman, W. A., Jr., Sodeman, W. A.: Pathologic Physiology: Mechanisms of Disease, 5th edition. Philadelphia-London-Toronto: W. B. Saunders Co., 1974

Books and Reviews

Lungs and Respiration Berger, A. J., Mitchell, R. A., Severinghaus, J. W.: Regulation of respiration. N. Eng!.

J. Med. 297: 92, 138-194 (1977) Comroe, J. H.: Physiology of Respiration. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1965 Fenn, W.O., Rahn, H.: Handbook of Physiology, Section 3: Respiration, Vols. I, II.

Washington, D.C: Am. Physio!. Soc., 1964, 1965 Gordon, B. L., Carleton, R. A., Faber, L. P.: Clinical Cardiopulmonary Physiology.

New York-London: Grune & Stratton, 1969 Shapiro, B. A.: Clinical Application of Blood Gases. Chicago: Year Book Medical Pub­

lishers, 1973 Slonim, N. B., Hamilton, L. H.: Respiratory Physiology. St. Louis: C v. Mosby, 1971 West, J. B.: Respiratory Physiology-The Essentials. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins,

1974, reprinted 1975

387

388 LITERATURE

Heart and Circulation Adams, F. F., Swan, H. J. c., Hall, V. E. (Eds.): Pathophysiology of Congenital Heart

Disease. Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press, 1970 Harris, P., Heath, D.: The Human Pulmonary Circulation, 2nd edition. Edinburgh­

London-New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1977 Marshall, R. I., Shepherd, J. T.: Cardiac Function in Health and Disease. Philadelphia­

London: W. B. Saunders, 1968 Rushmer, R. F.: Cardiovascular Dynamics, 4th edition. Philadelphia-London-Toronto:

W. B. Saunders, 1976. Wade, O. L., Bishop, J. M.: Cardiac Output and Regional Blood Flow. Oxford: Black­

well Scientific Publications, 1962

Blood

Bessis, M.: Blood Smears Reinterpreted. New York: Springer International, 1977 Biggs, R.: Human Blood Coagulation, Haemostasis and Thrombosis, 2nd edition. Ox­

ford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1976 Lehmann, H., Huntsman, R. G.: Man's Haemoglobins. Amsterdam: North Holland Pub­

lishing Co., 1974 Williams, W. J., Beutler, E., Erslev, A J., Rundles, R. W.: Hematology, 2nd edition.

New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1977 Wintrobe, M. M.: Clinical Hematology, 7th edition. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1974

Kidney, Body Fluids, and Acid-Base Balance Davenport, H. W.: The A,B,C of Acid-Base Chemistry, 5th edition. Chicago: University

of Chicago Press, 1969 deWardener, H. E.: The Kidney: An Outline of Normal and Abnormal Structure and

Function, 4th edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1974 Pitts, R. F.: Physiology of the Kidney and Body Fluids, 2nd edition. Chicago: Year Book

Medical Publishers, 1968

Bone, Calcium, and Phosphate Metabolism Bergsma, D.: Birth Defects: Atlas and Compendium. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co.,

The National Foundation, 1973 Labhart, A: Clinical Endocrinology, Theory and Practice. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York:

Springer-Verlag, 1974, pp. 845-968 .

Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Bone Greep, R. 0., Astwood, E. B. (Eds.): Handbook of Physiology, Section 7, Endocrinology,

Vols. 1-7. Washington, D.C.: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1972-1976 Labhart, A: Clinical Endocrinology, Theory and Practice. Berlin-Heidelberg-New

York: Springer-Verlag, 1974 Marble, A, White, P., Bradley, R. F., Krall, L. P. (Eds.): Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus,

11th edition. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1971 Nordin, B. E. C. (Ed.): Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Metabolism. Edinburgh­

London-New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1976

LITERATURE 389

Rifkind, B. M., Levy, R. I.: Hyperlipidemia: Diagnosis and Therapy. New York-San Francisco-London: Grune and Stratton, 1977

Stanbury, J. B., Wyngaarden, J. B., Fredrickson, D. S.: The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, 4th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978

Tepperman, J.: Metabolic and Endocrine Physiology, 3rd edition. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1973

Williams, R. H.: Textbook of Endocrinolog::, 5th edition. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1974

Digestive Organs Becker, F. F.: The Liver: Normal and Abnormal Functions, Part A and B. New York:

Marcel Dekker, 1974 Bockus, H. L.: Gastroenterology, Volumes I-IV, 3rd edition. Philadelphia: W. B.

Saunders Co., 1974-1976 Code, C. F.: Handbook of Physiology, Section 6, Alimentary Canal (Volumes I-IV).

Washington, D.C.: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1967/1968 Davenport, H. W.: Physiology of the Digestive Tract. Chicago: Year Book Medical

Publishers, 1966 Lee, D. H. K.: Handbook of Physiology, Section 9, Reactions to Environmental Agents.

Washington, D.C.: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1977 Schiff, L.: Diseases of the Liver, 4th edition. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1975 Sherlock,S.: Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, 5th edition. Oxford: Blackwell

Scientific Publications, 1975 Sleisenger, M. H., Fordtran, J. 5.: Gastrointestinal Diseases. Philadelphia: W. B.

Saunders Co., 1973 Spiro, H. M.: Clinical Gastroenterology, 2nd edition. New York: Macmillan, 1977

Nervous System Asanuma, H.: Recent developments in the study of the columnar arrangements of

neurons in the motor cortex. Physiol. Rev. 55: 143-156 (1975) Campbell, E. J. M.: Correlative Physiology of the Nervous System. London: Academic

Press, 1965 Curtis, B. A., Jacobson,S., Marcus, E. M.: An Introduction to the Neurosciences. Phila­

delphia-London-Toronto: W. B. Saunders, 1972 Eccles, J. c., Ito, M., Szentagothai, J.: The Cerebellum as a Neuronal Machine. Berlin­

Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag, 1967 Edelman, G. M., Mountcastle, V. B.: The Mindful Brain. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT

Press,1978 Eliasson, S. G., Prensky, A. L., Hardin, W. B. Jr.: Neurological Pathophysiology. New

York-London-Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press, 1974 Evarts, E. V.: Changing concepts of central control of movements. Can. J. Physiol.

Pharmacol. 53: 191-201 (1975) Haymaker, W.: Bing's Local Diagnosis in Neurological Diseases, 5th edition. St. Louis:

C. V. Mosby, 1969 Hubel, D. H., Wiesel, T. N.: Functional architecture of macaque monkey cortex. Proc.

R. Soc. London Ser. B 198: 1-59 (1977) Jones, E. G., Powell, T. P. S.: Connexions of the somatic sensory cortex of the rhesus

monkey. Brain 92: 477-502 (1969) Jones, E. G., Powell, T. P. 5.: An anatomical study of converging sensory pathways

in the cerebral cortex of the monkey. Brain 93: 793-820 (1970)

390 LITERATURE

Kuffier, S. W., Nicholls, J. G.: From Neuron to Brain. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Assoc. Inc., 1976

Lance, J. W., McLeod, J. G.: A Physiological Approach to Clinical Neurology, 2nd edition. London: Butterworth, 1975

Lawrence, D. G., Kuypers, H. G. J. M.: The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey. Part I, Brain 91: 1-14 (1968) i Part II, Brain 91: 15-36 (1968)

Melzack, R., Wall, P. D.: Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science 150: 971 (1965) Mountcastle, V. B. (Ed.): Medical Physiology, Vol. I, 13th edition. St. Louis: C. V.

Mosby, 1974 Quarton, G. c., Melnechuk, Thomas, Schmitt, F. O. (Eds.): The Neurosciences. New

York: The Rockefeller University Press, 1967 Schmitt, F. O. (Ed.): The Neurosciences. New York: The Rockefeller University Press,

1970 Schmitt, F. 0., Worden, F. G.: The Neurosciences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1974 Sperry, R. W.: Perception in the absence of neocortical commissures. In: Perception and

Its Disorders (D. A. Hamburg, K. H. Pribram, A. J. Stunkard, Eds.). Baltimore: William & Wilkins, 1970

Tower, D. B. (Ed.): The Nervous System, Vols. I-III. New York: Raven Press, 1975 Warwick, R., Williams, P. L.: Gray's Anatomy. Philadelphia-London-Toronto: W. B.

Saunders, 1973 Werner, G., Whitsel, B. L.: The somatic sensory cortex: Functional organization. In:

The Somatosensory System (Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. II, A. Iggo, Ed.). Berlin-New York: Springer, 1973

Index

A

Abdominal pain, 282-283 Acceleration effect on lungs, 15 Acetylcholine and basal ganglia lesions,

343 Achalasia, 263 Acid-base balance, 169-174

disturbances of, 172-174 Acidification of urine, 138 Acidosis

metabolic, 173-174,231 respiratory, 173-174 and uremia, 147

Acoustic neuroma, 366 Acromegaloid constitution, 210, 212

Addison's disease, 203, 205 Adenoma, toxic, of thyroid gland, 212-214

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 184-

185 ADH, see Antidiuretic hormone Adipose tissue and energy balance, 226

Adrenal cortex hypofunction of, 203, 205-206

pathophysiology of, 216-219 Adrenal hyperfunction, 219 Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease),

203,205

Adrenal medulla, 220-221 hypofunction of, 206, 208

Adrenal tumors and Cushing's syndrome, 217

Adrenocortical hyperplasia, Cushing's syn-drome with, 216-217

Adrenocortical hypofunction, 207 Adrenogenital syndrome, 205-206 Afferent control, 348-349 Afferent nerve lesions, 348 Afferent loop syndrome, 271 Afferent systems, central, 350-351 Agnosia, 377-378 Agranulocytosis, 107-108 Air embolism in central nervous system

or myocardium, 13 Airway resistance, 4-5

Alcohol and pancreatitis, 311, 314

Alkalosis, metabolic and respiratory, 173-174

Alveolar hyperventilation, 21-23 Alveolar hypoxia, 66-67 Alveolar ventilation, 6-7

Amenorrhea, 208

Anaerobic erythrocytic glycolysis and anemias, 102

Anastomoses between systemic and pul­monary circulation, 60-62

391

392 INDEX

Anemia(s) aplastic, 91-92 classification of, 89-91 coronary insufficiency and, 75 hemolytic, 98-104

autoimmune, 102-104 classification of, 99-100 from combined cellular and extra-

cellular disturbances, 104-105 congenital elliptocytosis, 100 congenital spherocytosis, 99-100 due to multiple pathogenic factors,

105-106 enzymopenic, and anaerobic erythro-

cytic glycolysis, 102 hemoglobinopathies, 101 paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, 104 paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

(PNH),102 sickle cell, 100-101 thalassemia, Mediterranean anemia,

and Cooley's anemia, 101 hypoproliferative "pure red cell," 91-92 iron deficiency, 92-95 megaloblastic, 95-98 pancytopenia, 91-92 polycythemia and erythrocytosis, 105-

106 renal, and uremia, 145-146 sideroblastic, 92 symptoms of, 90-91

Angina pectoris, 76 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 160-161,

187-188 and diabetes insipidus, 198-199

Aorta, coarctation of, 59-60 Aortic regurgitation, 62-63 Aortic stenosis, 59-60, 62 Aphasia, 376, 378 Aphraxia, 377-378 Appendicitis, acute, 283 Arrhythmias, cardiac, 69-73

and anemia and coronary insufficiency, 75

hemodynamic consequences of, 73, 74 Arterial stenosis, pulmonary, 58-59, 62 Arteries and veins, peripheral, 46-47 Arteriosclerosis, peripheral, 79 Arteriovenous fistulas, 62 Ascites, 298-300 ASD (atrial septal defect), 60-61 Atheromatosis in diabetes mellitus, 240-

241 Athletic heart, 49-50

ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase), 184-185

Atresia, congenital biliary, 304-305 Atrial fibrillation, 71 A trial flutter, 71 Atrial septal defect (ASD), 60-61 Atrioventricular block, 72 A.V. nodal escape rhythm, 73 Axonal degeneration, 332 Axonal flow, 321 Axons, 320 Azotemia, 143-145

B

Babinski's response, 340 Babinski's sign, 338 Ballismus, 343-344 Barium meal test (intestinal), 280 Barotrauma, 13-14 Basal ganglia, lesions of, 341-344

anatomy and physiology of, 341-342 symptomatology and pathophysiology

of, 342-344 Basal metabolism, 81 Baselow's disease, 212-213, 214 Biguanides and diabetes mellitus, 2-t3 Bile, 285-289

composition of, 304 production and excretion of, 285-286

Bile acids, 285-289 enterohepatic circulation of, 288 function of, 287 pathophysiology of, 288-289

Bile ducts, 302-307 pathophysiology of, 304-307 physiology and anatomy of, 302-304

Bile salts metabolism of, 286-287 physicochemical properties of, 286

Bilirubin impaired conjugation of, in liver cells,

293 impaired secretion of conjugated, 293-

296 impaired uptake of, from sinusoids, 293 jaundice and, see Jaundice transport and excretion of, by liver cell,

291 Bilirubin metabolism, 289-296

pathophysiology of, 292-296 physiology of, 289-292

Billroth's resection of stomach, 270, 271 Biopsy, intestinal, 280

Bitemporal hemianopsia, 212 Bladder disturbances, neurogenic, 382-383 Blind loop syndrome in intestine, 289 Blood,87-128

coagulation and hemostasis, 121-127; see also Hemostasis

erythrocytes and hemoglobin in, 87-106 anemias, 89-106; see also Anemia(s) physiology and biochemistry, 87-89

hormone transport in, 183 immune system of, 112-114 leukocytes in, 106-112

pathophysiology, 107-112 physiology, 106-107

plasma proteins in, 114-119; see also Plasma proteins

pathophysiology, 115-119 physiology and biochemistry, 114-115

porphyria and, 119-121 solubility factors in, 8 thrombosis and, 128

Blood chemistry changes in chronic renal insufficiency, 149

Blood circulation coronary, 44-46 peripheral arteries and veins and, 46-47 peripheral, pathophysiology of, 73-80

blood pressure, chronic high, 78-80 coronary insufficiency, 73, 75-76 hypertension, 76-80 myocardial ischemia, results of, 75-76

peripheral, physiology of, 44-50 during pregnancy, 49 regulation of, 47-48

systemic and pulmonary, congestion in, 52-53,54-55

ventilation and, 5-6 Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, 123-

126,127 Blood gases in gas transport, normal

values of, 8 Blood lipids, physiology of, 252-253 Blood pressure

and blood flow, regulation of, 48 chronic high, 78-80

effects of, on heart, 78 effects of, on peripheral vessels, 78-80

Blood values in acidosis and alkalosis, 172 Blood volumes

and blood flow and acute renal failure, 141

circulating, 38-43 Bone, calcium, and phosphate metabolism,

175-180

INDEX 393

Bone disease, renal, and calcium metabo­lism, 147

Bone metabolism, disturbances of, 177-180 hyperparathyroidism, 178-179 hypoparathyroidism, 177-178 osteomalacia, 179 osteoporosis, 177 synopsis of, 180

Brain and endocrine disorders, 193-195 Brain cells, glucose transport into, 225 Breathing

periodic, 15-17 regulation of, 2

Buffer systems, 171 Burning and heat balance, 84

C

Cable theory of signal conduction, 319-320 Cachexia, 208, 210 Calcium ions and cardiac excitation, 67-68 Calcium metabolism

bone and, 175-180 renal bone disease and, 147

Capillaries-interstitium fluid transfer, 159-160

Carcinoma of stomach, 272 Cardiac arrhythmias, 69-73 Cardiac asthma, 53 Cardiac hyperexcitability, conditions of,

69-70 Cardiac output, 38-43 Cardiac pain (angina pectoris), 76 Cardiac rhythm

disturbances of, 69-73 normal excitation and excitation se-

quence of, 67-69 Cardiac valves, 36-38 Cardiac work, 38-43 Cardiovascular anomalies, congenital, 55-

62 Causalgia, 353 Central afferent systems, 350-351 Central nervous system, see Nervous sys­

tem Cerebellar cortex, 346-347

cells of, 346 map of neural network of, 347

Cerebellum, lesions of, 344-348 anatomy and physiology of, 344-346 inputs and outputs of, 345 symptomatology of, 346-348

Cerebral blood flow, disturbances of, 384-385

394 INDEX

Cerebrospinal fluid, disturbances of, 385-386

Cerebrum, asymmetric hemispheric func­tions of, 374-375

Chemical substances causing hemolysis, 102

Cheyne-Stokes respiration, 16 Chloride balance, 165-168 Choked disk defect in vision, 359 Cholangitis of bile ducts, 305 Cholecystitis, acute, 307 Cholestasis, 294-295 [14C]Cholylglycine breath test, 280 Chorea, 343-344 Chromosome aberrations, 189 Circulation, see Blood circulation Circulatory system and anemias, 91 Cirrhosis, biliary, 304-305 Clotting defects, methods for testing for,

125-126 C02 enrichment of inspiratory air, 14-15 Coagulation, mechanisms to prevent un­

controlled spread of, 125 Coagulation disorders, congenital and ac­

quired, 126-127 Coagulation factors, congenital deficien-

cies and, 124 Coagulation system and thrombosis, 128 Coeliac disease in children, 277-278 Colitis, ulcerative, 282 Colon, 280-283

abdominal pain and, 282-283 constipation and, 282 diarrhea and, 281 motility of, 280-281 special syndromes and diseases of, 282 transport of water and electrolytes in,

281 Color vision, 357 Computer versus nervous system, 317-318 Conduction defects and EKG, 71, 72 Congestion, pulmonary, 27-31 Conn's syndrome, 217-218, 219 Consciousness, 380-382

brain diseases and metabolic disorders and, 380-381

sleep and, 380-382 trauma-induced disturbances of, 381-

382 Constipation, 282 Contraction force of heart, ischemia and,

76 Cooley's anemia, 101 Cor pulmonale, 65

Coronary circulation, insufficiency of, 73, 75-76

Coronary disease, 77 Coronary vascular disease, 75 Cortex, general organization of, 372-374 Cortical functions, higher, 375-378

cognitive and related functions, 377-378 constructional and spatial disturbances

of, 377 Craniopharyngiomas and dwarfism, 196-

197 Cretinism

endemic, 199, 202 familial, 188-189 sporadic, 202-203

Cushing's syndrome, 216-217, 219 Cyanosis, 31 Cyclic AMP, 184-185 Cystic pancreatic fibrosis, 314-315 Cystinosis, congenital, 148 Cystinuria, familial, 148

D

Data processing in nervous system, 322-323

versus data processing in computer, 317-318

Dead-space hyperventilation, 24-25 Dehydration, 161-165

hypertonic, 164, 231, 234 hypotonic, 165 isotonic, 163

Dermatologic symptoms of uremia, 146

Diabetes insipidus, 198-199, 200-201

congenital-nephrogenic, 147-148

Diabetes mellitus, 231-244

acute metabolic disorders in, 231-232

clinical symptoms of precoma and coma in, 233-234

diabetic coma, diagnosis and treatment of, 234-236

diet and, 242-243

etiology and insulin deficiency and, 235-

238

late complications of, 240-242

pharmacotherapy and, 243-244

stages of, 238-240

water and electrolytes in, 232-233

Diabetic microangiopathy, 240

Diabetic neuropathy, 241-242

Diarrhea, 281

Diffusion of gases in lungs, impaired, 23-24

main clinical evidence of, 25 Digestive organs, 261-315

colon, 280-283; see also Colon esophagus, 261-264; see also Esophagus exocrine pancreas, 308-315; see also

Pancreas, exocrine intestine, 272-280; see also Intestine liver, 283-302; see also Liver stomach, 265-272; see also Stomach

Diuretics, 138 Dopamine and basal ganglia lesions, 343 Dorsal columns, 350-351 Dumping syndrome (early postalimentary

syndrome),271-272 Duodenal ulcer, 270 Dwarfism, pituitary, 196-197 Dysphagia, 262-263 Dyspnea

and anemias, 91 factors leading to, 29

Dysproteinemia, 117

E

Edema pulmonary, 27-31 in renal disease, 150-151

Eisenmenger complex, 61 Electrocardiogram, 69, 70 Electrolyte balance

disturbances of, 165-168, 203, 216-219 physiology of, 157-159 regulation of, 160-161

Electrolyte concentrations in body fluids, 158

Electrolyte disturbances in diabetes, 232-233

Elliptocytosis, congenital, 100 Encephalopathy, portosystemic, 300-302 Endocrine antagonists of insulin, 248-249 Endocrine disorders

and brain, 193-195 pathophysiology of, 188-195

Endocrine glands hypofunction of, 195-210 pathophysiology of disorders of, 188-

195 physiology of, 181-188

Endocrine hyperfunction syndromes, 210-221

due to endocrine gland destruction, 191-192

INDEX 395

Endocrine hypofunction syndromes of hy­pothalamus or pituitary, 200-201

Endocrinology, 181-221; see also Hor-mone(s)

Endocrinopathies, congenital, 188 Endotoxin shock, 55 Energy balance, adipose tissue and, 226 Energy metabolism

disturbances of, 383-384 in presence of ischemia, 75-76

Energy storage and mobilization, 227-230 Enteropathy, gluten-induced, 277-278 Eosinophilia, 108 Epileptic seizures, 368-372

causes of, 369-370 focal and generalized, 370-372 neuronal mechanisms of, 368-369

Erythrocytes and hemoglobin, 87-106; see also Anemia(s)

Erythrocytosis, 105-106 Esophagus,261-264

pathophysiology of, 262-264 achalasia, 263 dysphagia, 262-263 esophageal varices, 264 hiatal hernia, 263-264 reflux esophagitis, 264 regurgitation, 263 scleroderma, 263 tumors, 264

physiology of, 261-262 Exercise

effects of, on heart (athletic heart), 49-50

and energy during fasting, 228-229 and pulse rate and blood pressure, 38-41

Exocrine pancreas, see Pancreas, exocrine Extrasystoles, 69-70

F

Fallot, tetralogy of, 57, 61 Fanconi's syndrome, 148 Fasting and energy mobilization, 227-229

exercise and, 228-229 Fat balance in stool, test for, 279 Fat metabolism, 252-259

disorders of, 253-259 essential familial hyperlipidemias,

253-257 lipidoses of central nervous system,

258-259 A-,B-lipoproteinemia, 258 secondary hyperlipidemias, 257-258

396 INDEX

Fatty acids, free, 225-256 Feet, diabetes and, 241 Fever, mechanism and types of, 85 Fiber types, 349 Fibrillation, 331, 333 Fluid transfer, capillaries-interstitium,

159-160 Folic acid deficiency and anemia, 97-98 Food ingestion and metabolism, 223-237 Frank-Starling-Straub law of heart, 34-

36,76 Fredrickson's hyperlipidemias, 253, 256-

257 Freezing and heat balance, 84

G

GaIlstones, 305-307 and pancreatitis, 311

Gas exchange in normal lung, 6-9 Gas transport in blood, 9-10

normal values of blood gases in, 8 Gastric motility, 265

disturbances of, 272 Gastric secretion, 265-268 Gastric surgery, 270-272 Gastric ulcer, 269 Gastrointestinal symptoms of uremia, 146 Gate control theory of pain, 354-356 Gaze paralysis, supranuclear, 362-365 GFR, see Glomerular filtration rate Glomerular filtration, 131-134

abnormalities of, 133-134 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 130, 132-

133 urea concentration in blood and, 144

Glomerulonephritis, hypertension in acute, 153

Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, en­zyme defects of, 249-250

Glucose reabsorption (renal glucosuria), 148-149

Glucose release into blood, diminished hepatic,249-250

Glucose transport into brain ceIls, 225 Gluten-induced enteropathy, 277-278 Glycogen conversion, 223-224 Glycogen storage, insulin and, 224 Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, en-

zyme defects of, 249-250 Glycolysis, aerobic and anaerobic, 102-104 Goiter, iron deficiency, 199, 202 Gonads, insufficiency of, 208, 210 Gout, primary and secondary, 259-260

Graves' disease, 212-213 Growth and development, requirements

for, 195 Growth hormone, 196-197

H

H + ion excretion, 149 H+ ions, normal values of, at rest, 169 Hashimoto's strumitis, 192 Hasselbalch-Henderson formula for buffer

effect, 171-172 Hearing, 367-368 Heart, 33-43, 50-73

circulation and, see Blood circulation excitation and excitation sequence of

rhythm of, normal, 67-69 pathophysiology of, 50-73

acquired heart diseases, 62-65 arrhythmias, 69-73 congenital cardiovascular abnormali­

ties, 56-62 congestion in systemic and pulmonary

circulation, 52-53, 54-55 pulmonary complications, 65-66 shock,53,55-56,57

physiology of, 33-43 blood volume, cardiac output, vascular

resistances, and cardiac work, 38-43

cardiac valves, 36-38 myocardial energy metabolism, 43 pressure changes in heart and vessels,

36-38 regulation of myocardial contraction,

33-36 Heart failure, 50-52

congestion and, 54-55 disturbances in myocardial function and,

50-52 Heat balance and temperature regulation,

81-85 Heat loss, factors in, 82 Hematobilia, 307 Hemianopsia, 360 Hemiopia, 361 Hemoglobin destruction, 98-99 Hemoglobin Zurich, 104 Hemoglobinopathies, 101 Hemoglobinurias, 104 Hemolytic jaundice, 292 Hemostasis

abnormalities of, 126-127 normal,121-126

blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, 123-126

platelets, 121-123 vascular constriction, 121

in thrombosis, 128 Hepatic blood flow, 296-302

ascites and, 298-300 hepatic insufficiency and, 300-302 pathophysiology of, 296-298.

congested liver, 296 portal hypertension, 296-298

physiology of, 296 Hepatic coma and precoma, 300-302

portosystemic encephalopathy, treat-ment of, 302

Hernia, paraesophageal hiatal, 263-264 Hirschsprung's disease, 282 Hormone(s)

abbreviations of names of, 182 action(s) of

disturbances of, 189-190 mode of, 184-185

anterior pituitary, lack of various, 197-198

autonomous production of ectopic,191 by endocrine gland tumors, 191

biosynthesis of, 181-183 disorders of, 188-189

breakdown of, 185-186 disturbances of, 190-191

concept of, 181 control mechanism of, disturbances of,

191 excretion of, 185-186

disturbances in, 190-191 half-life of, 185-186 secretion of, 181-183, 189

congenital disorders of, 188-189 regulation of, 187-188

storage of, 181-183, 189 transport of, 183

abnormalities of, 189 Hydrocephalus ex vacuo, 386 Hyperaldosteronism

primary (Conn's syndrome), 217-218, 219

secondary, and electrolyte changes, 299-300

Hyperbaric conditions in lungs, 13-14 Hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia, 245-

250 Hyperlipidemias

essential familial, 253-257

INDEX 397

classification of, 254-255 fat-induced, 253, 256 Fredrickson's, 253, 256-257 hypercholesterolemia, 256

secondary, 257-258 Hypernatremia and hyponatremia, -chlor­

emia, and -kalemia, boundary values for, 166

Hyperoxia, 12-13 Hyperparathyroidism

of bone metabolism, 178-179 secondary, and uremia, 147

Hypertension(s), 76-80 benign versus malignant, 80 classification of, 77-78 essential, 77 kidneys and, 151-153

Hyperthermia, 83 Hyperthyroidism, 212-216 Hypertonic overhydration and dehydra­

tion, 163-164 Hyperuricemia, 259-260 Hyperventilation, 19-20

alveolar, 20-21 dead-space, 24-25 shock and, 55

Hypoglycemia(s), 245-252 classification of, 251 fasting, hyperinsulinism and, 247-250 reactive, hyperinsulinism and, 245-247 tumor, 250, 252

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, 197, 208 Hypokinesia of basal ganglia, 343-344 Hypoparathyroidism in bone metabolism,

177-178 Hypophosphatemia, 168 liypoproteinemia, 115-117 Hypotension and shock, 55 Hypothalamic-pituitary hyperfunction syn-

dromes,211 Hypothermia, 83-84 Hypothyroidism (myxedema), 203, 204 Hypotonic overhydration and dehydration,

165 Hypovolemia and shock, 55 Hypoxia, 10-12

alveolar, 66-67

I

Ileus, obstruction of, 278-279 Immune system, 112-114

cellular basis of immunologic processes of,112-113

398 INDEX

Immune system (Continued) immunologic deficiencies, 113-114

Infectious agents causing hemolysis, 102 Insulin

endocrine antagonists of, 248-249 free fatty acids and, 225-256

Insulin deficiency, etiology of, 236-238 inheritance and, 236-237 obesity and, 237-238 stress and, 238

Insulin secretion, regulation of, 229, 231 Insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus, 243-

244 Intact nephron hypothesis in chronic renal

insufficiency, 143 Interaction theory of pain, 354 Interstitium-capillaries fluid transfer, 159-

160 Intestinal absorption, 273-276

abnormalities of, 276-278 mechanisms of, 274-276

active transport, 274 diffusion, 274 pinocytosis, 274-276

tests for, 279-280 Intestinal obstruction, 278-279 Intestine, 272-280

motility of, 273 and contractility, disturbances of, 278-

279 pathophysiology of, 276-279 physiology of, 272-276 tests for absorption in and function of,

279-280 Intracranial pressure, disturbances of,

385-386 Iron deficiency, causes of, 93-94 Iron deficiency anemia, 92-95 Iron deficiency goiter, 199, 202 Iron distribution in human body, 93 Iron metabolism, normal, 9~-93 Ischemia and nephrotoxins, 138-139 Isotonic overhydration and dehydration,

162-163

J

Jaundice hemolytic, 292 obstructive or occlusive, 294-295 parenchymatous or hepatocellular, 295-

296 physiologic, of newborn, 293

Jejunal peptic ulcer, 270-271

K

Kidney(s), 129-153; se~ also Renal entries arteriosclerosis and, 79 pathophysiology of, 138-153

acute renal failure, 138-142 chronic renal insufficiency, 142-147 edema in renal disease, 150-151 hypertension, 151-153 insufficient kidney, 142-147 nephrotic syndrome, 150 in shock, 142 tubular syndromes, 147-149

physiology of, 129-134 glomerular filtration, 130, 131-134 renal blood flow; 129-131,132 tubular function, 130-134; see also

Renal tubular function regulation of water and electrolyte

balance and, 160-161 vital functions of, 129

Klinefelter's syndrome, 189, 208 Kussmaul respiration, 15

L

Laxative abuse, 282 Leukemia, 108-110

chronic versus acute, 109-110 Leukocytosis, 107-108 Leukopenia, 107-108 Lipidoses of central nervous system, 258-

259 A-{1-Lipoproteinemia, 258 Liver, 283-302

bile and bile acids and, 285-289; see also Bile and bile acids

bilirubin metabolism and, 289-296; see also Bilirubin metabolism

congested, 296 functions of, 283-284 glucose and, 223-225 hepatic blood flow and, 296-302; see

also Hepatic blood flow physiology and structure of, 284-285

Liver cells, impaired bilirubin conjugation in, 293

Long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), 213

Lung diseases, disturbances of pulmonary function in, 30

Lung tissue, restriction and obstruction in, 17-19

Lungs, 1-31 pathophysiology of, 10-31

abnormal atmospheric conditions, 10-15

impairment of diffusion, 23-24 increased pulmonary perfusion (left­

to-right shunt), 26-27 increased venous admixture (right-to­

left shunt), 25-26 pathophysiologic syndromes, 15-31 pulmonary congestion and pulmonary

edema, 27-31 reduction of cardiac output, 27

physiology of, 1-10 breathing, regulation of, 2 gas exchange, 6-9 gas transport in blood, 9-10 pulmonary volumes, 2-4 resistance to flow and ventilatory re­

serves, 4-5 lungs and thorax, distensibility of, 2-4 ventilation and circulation, 5-6

Lymphocytosis, 108 Lymphomas, malignant, 111-112

M

Macroglobulinemia (Waldenstrom's dis­ease),l10-111

Mediterranean anemia, 101 Megaloblastic anemias, 95-98

folic acid deficiency and, 97-98 vitamin B,. deficiency and, 95-97

Melliturias, nondiabetic, 244-245 Memory and its disturbances, 378-380 Meniere's disease, 366 Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, 173-174 Metabolism, 223-250

diabetes mellitus and, 231-244; see also Diabetes mellitus

fat, and its disorders, 252-259 glucose and fat, 223-231

regulation of insulin secretion, 229, 231

substrate storage and anabolic proc­esses and, 223-227

transition from energy storage to mobilization, 227-229, 230

hypoglycemia and, 245-252; see also Hypoglycemia

nondiabetic melliturias and, 244-245 purine and pyrimidine, disturbances of,

259-260

INDEX 399

Microangiopathy, diabetic, 240 Mitral regurgitation, 63-64 Motoneuron, 323-325 Motoneuron lesions, 331-334 Motor disturbances, 325-348 Motor system, 337 Multiple sclerosis in optic nerve, 359 Muscle spindle, 323-325 Muscles and glucose, 224 Muscoviscidosis, 314-315 Muscular contraction, 323-325 Muscular dystrophy, hereditary progres­

sive, 327 Myasthenia

pseudomyasthenic syndrome and, 330-331

symptomatic, 330 Myasthenia gravis, 328-330

acetylcholine and, 329-330 Myeloma, multiple, 110 Myocardial contraction, regulation of, 33-

36 Myocardial diseases, diffuse, 64-65 Myocardial energy metabolism, 43 Myocardial function, disturbances in, 50-

52 Myocardial ischemia, 75-76 Myocloni, 343-344 Myopathies, 326-328 Myotonia, 327-328 Myxedema (hypothyroidism), 203, 204

N

Nephrotic syndrome, 150 Nephrotoxins and ischemia, 138-139 Nervous system, 317-386

autonomic innervation, disturbances of, 382-383

bladder disturbances, neurogenic, 382-383

sweat secretion, 382 axonal flow in, 321 cerebral blood flow, disturbances of,

384-385 cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial

pressure and, 385-386 versus computer, data processing in,

317-318 consciousness and, 380-382; see also

Consciousness data processing in, 322-323

400 INDEX

Nervous system (Continued) energy metabolism, disturbances of,

383-384 epileptic seizures and, 368-372; see also

Epileptic seizures membrane potential in, 318, 319 motoneuron, muscle spindle, muscular

contraction, and stretch reflex in, 323-325,333

motor disturbances and, 325-348 general motor concept, 325-326 lesions of basal ganglia, 341-344 lesions of cerebellum, 344-348 neuromuscular diseases, 326-336; see

also Neuromuscular diseases supranuclear paresis, 336-341; see

also Paresis, supranuclear neuropsychology and, 372-380; see also

Neuropsychology sensory disturbances and, 348-356; see

also Sensory disturbances signal conduction in, 318-320 signal transmission in, 321-322 special sensory systems, disturbances

of, 356-368; see also Sensory systems, special, disturbances of

Neuralgia, 353 Neuritis of optic nerve, 357, 359 Neurologic symptoms of uremia, 146 Neuromuscular diseases, 326-336

motoneuron lesions, 331-334 myasthenias, 328-331 myopathies, 326-328 neuromuscular transmission, disturb­

ances of, 328-331 neuropathies, 334-336

Neuromuscular system and anemias, 91 Neuropathy, 334-336

axonal degeneration, 334 demyelination, segmental and focal,

334-335 diabetic, 241-242 sensitivity of nerves, 335-336

Neuropsychology, 372-380 cortex, general organization of, 372-374 hemospheric function, asymmetry of,

374-375 memory and its disturbances, 378-380 speech and higher cortical functions,

375-378 Neutrophilic granulocytes, 106 Neutrophilic leukocytosis, 107 Nodal tachycardia, 71 Nondiabetic melliturias, 244-245

o

Ocular muscle paralysis, 362 Ophthalmoplegia, intranuclear, 364 Orchitis accompanying mumps, 192 Osteomalacia, 179

and uremia, 147 Osteoporosis, 177 Ostitis fibrosa and uremia, 147 Overhydration, 161-165

p

hypertonic, 163 hypotonic,165 isotonic, 162-163

Pacemaker center, normal, 67-69 Pain, 352-356

phantom, 355 theories of, 354-355 treatment of, 355-356

Pain syndromes, 352-354 causalgia, 353 neuralgia, 353 thalamic pain syndrome, 353-354

Pancreas, exocrine, 308-315 enzymes of, activation and effect of, 309 function of, measurement of, 308, 310 pathophysiology of, 310--315

carcinomas, 315 heterotopic pancreatic tissue, 310-311 pancreatitis, 311-313

physiology and anatomy of, 308-310 secretion in, stimulators of, 310

Pancytopenia, 91-92 Paraproteinemia, 117-118 Paresis, supranuclear, 336-341

anatomy and physiology of, 336-338 pathophysiology of, 339-341

Babinski's response, 340 central hemiparesis, 340--341

symptoms of, 338-339 Babinski's sign, 338 Mayer's and Leri's signs, 339

Parkinson's disease, 343-344 Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

(PNH),102 Pattern theory of pain, 354, 355 Peptic ulcer, 269-270

jejunal, 270-271 Pericardial diseases, 64 Pericarditis in uremia, 147

Peripheral circulation, see Blood circula-tion

Peripheral fiber systems, 349-350 Phenol red test for renal function, 137 Pheochromocytoma, 220-221 Phosphate metabolism, bone and, 175-180 Phosphate reabsorption, renal, 148 Pituitary dwarfism, 196-197 Pituitary hormones, lack of various, 197-

198 Pituitary-hypothalamic hyperfunction syn­

dromes,211 Plasma proteins, 114-119

dysproteinemia and, 117 hypoproteinemia and, 115-117 paraproteinemia and, 117-118 physiology and biochemistry of, 114-115 selective protein deficiencies and, 119

Plasmocytoma, 110 Platelet count in thrombosis, 128 Platelets and hemostasis, 121-123, 126-127 Pneumothorax, tension, 13 Polycythemia, 105-106 Porphyria, 119-121 Postalimentary syndrome, early, 271-272 Potassium balance, 165-168 Potassium ions and cardiac excitation, 67-

68 Pregnancy, blood circulation during, 49 Protein deficiencies, selective, 119 Protein intake and urea concentration in

blood and GFR, 144 Pseudoendocrinopathies, 192 Pseudogout and uremia, 147 Pseudomyasthenic syndrome, 330-331 Pulmonary arterial stenosis, 58-59, 62 Pulmonary capillary bed, decrease of, 65-

66 Pulmonary circulation

congestion in, 52-55 and systemic circulation, anastomoses

between, 60-62 Pulmonary function in lung disease, 30 Pulmonary gas diffusion, 7-9 Pulmonary parenchyma, loss of, 65-66 Pulmonary perfusion

and alveolar ventilation, 7 nonuniform, 20-21

Pulmonary vascular constriction in alveo-lar hypoxia, 66-67

Pulmonary vascular obstruction, 26, 27, 65 Pulmonary volumes, 2-4 Pupillomotor system, 367

INDEX 401

Purine metabolism, gout and, 259-260 Purkinje cells of cerebellar cortex, 346 Pyloric stomach, 272 Pyrimidine metabolism, gout and, 259-260

R

Recklinghausen's disease, 147 Red cell destruction, 98-99 Reflux esophagitis, 264 Regurgitation, 263

aortic and mitral, 62-64 Renal blood flow, 129-131, 132

abnormalities of, 131 renal plasma flow (RPF), 129-130

Renal bone disease and calcium metabo­lism, 147

Renal failure, acute, 138-142 causes of, 139 clinical course of, 140-141 inflammatory diseases and, 138 nephrotoxins and ischemia and, 138-139 pathogenesis of, 140 postrenal causes of, 141-142 prerenal disturbances and, 140

Renal glucosuria, 244 Renal insufficiency, chronic, 142-147

amino acid reabsorption in, 148 glucose absorption (renal glucosuria) in,

148-149 H+ ion excretion in, 149 hypertension in, 152-153 kidney function in, 143-145 phosphate reabsorption in, 148 uremia and extrarenal complications in,

145-147 Renal involvement in hypertension, 79-80 Renal tubular function, 134-138

acidification of urine and, 138 concentration of urine and, 135-137 diuretics and, 138 partial, test for, 137-138

Renal vessels and arteriosclerosis, 79 Renovascular hypertension, 151-152 Reserpine and gastric ulcer, 269 Respiration, see Breathing; Lungs Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, 173-

174 Respiratory system and anemias, 91 Rheumatic endocarditis as cause of valvu­

lar defects of heart, 62 Rigor, basal ganglia, 343-344 RPF (renal plasma flow), 129-130

402 INDEX

5 Sprue in adults, nontropical, 277-278 Stomach,265-272

Salicylates and gastric ulcers, 269 Schilling's test, 279 Scleroderma

esophageal, 263 intestinal (visceral sclerosis), 278

Scotomas, 357 Sensation, superficial and proprioceptive,

349-352 Sensory disturbances

afferent control and, 348-349 pain and, 352-356; see also Pain superficial and proprioceptive sensation

and,349-352 Sensory losses, localization of, 351-352 Sensory systems, special, disturbances of,

356-368 hearing, 367-368 vestibulo-oculomotor system, 362-368;

see also Vestibulo-oculomotor system

vision, 356-361; see also Vision Septal defects, atrial and ventricular,

60-61 Serum level vitamin A test, 279 Sheehan's syndrome, 192 Shock

diagnosis of, 55 etiologic classification of, 55 heart, 53, 55-56, 57 and vital organs, 57

Shock kidney, 142 Shock lung, 28, 30-31 Sighing respiration, 16-17 Signal conduction in nervous system, 318-

320 cable theory of, 319-320

Signal transmission, 321-322 Sinoatrial block, 71 Sinusoids, bilirubin and, 293 Skin and mucous membranes and anemias,

91 Sleep, 380 Small stomach syndrome, 271 Sodium balance, 165-168 Sodium ions and cardiac excitation, 67-69 Specificity theory of pain, 354-355 Speech, 375-378

aphasia and, 376 Spherocytosis, congenital, 99-100 Spinoreticulothalamic system, 351 Spinothalamic tract, 351

gastric juice in, 266-267 gastric secretion in, 265-266

regulation of, 267-268 motility of, 265 pathophysiology of, 269-272

complications of gastric resection, 270-272

gastric surgery, 270-272 peptic ulcer, 269-270

Strabismic amblyopia, 360-361 Stress and peptic ulcers, 269 Stretch reflex, 323-325 Sulfonylureas

and diabetes mellitus, 243 and insulin secretion, 229, 231

Sweat secretion, 382 Sweating and heat loss, 82-83 Systemic circulation

T

congestion in, 52-55 and pulmonary circulation, anastomoses

between, 60-62

Tachycardia and anemias, 91 nodal and ventricular, 71

Temperature regulation and heat balance, 81-85

pathophysiology of, 83-85 burning and freezing, 84 fever, 85 hyperthermia, 83 hypothermia, 83-84

physiology of, 81-83 Thalamic pain syndrome, 353-354, 355 Thalassemia, 101 Thorax and lungs, distensibility of, 2-4 Thrombosis, 128 Thyroid gland

decreased function of, 199, 202-203 toxic adenoma of, 212, 213-214

Thyroid hyperfunction, 215 Thyroid hypofunction, states of, 204 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 182 Thyrotoxic crisis, 214, 216 Tremor, basal ganglia, 343-344 Tuberculosis, 192 Tubular function, see Renal tubular func­

tion Tumor hypoglycemia, 250, 252

Tumors of bile ducts, 305 of esophagus, 264

Turner's syndrome, 189, 208

u

Ulcer(s), peptic, 269-270 Uker"Hve colitis, 282 Urea concentration in blood and GFR, 144 Uremia, extrarenal complications of, 145-

147 Urine

v

acidification of, 138 concentration of, 135-137

Vagotomy, 270 Valvular defects of heart, 62-64 Vascular activity and hemostasis, 121, 126 Vascular factor in thrombosis, 128 Vascular resistances, 38-43 Veins and arteries, peripheral, 46-47 Venous admixture, increased, 25-26 Ventilation

alveolar, 6-7 and circulation, 5-6 dead-space, 6 and perfusion, nonuniform, 20-21

Ventilatory reserves, 4-5 Ventricular escape rhythm, 73 Ventricular fibrillation, 71 Ventricular septal defect (VSD), 61 Vestibulo-oculomotor system, 362-367

acoustic neuroma, 366 gaze paralysis, supranuclear, 362-365 Meniere's disease, 366 nystagmus, 365-367 ocular muscle paralysis, 362 'lphthalmoplegia, intranuclear, 364

INDEX 403

Visceral sclerosis, intestinal, 278 Vision, 356-361

anatomy and physiology of, 356-357 functional defects of, 357-361

choked disk, 359 color vision defects, 357 multiple sclerosis, 359 neuritis of optic nerve, 357-358 scotomas, 357 vitamin A and, 357

Visual system, 358 Visuomotor functions, 361 Vitamin A

test of serum level of, 279 vision and, 357

Vitamin B12 deficiency and anemia, 95-97 Vitamin D and hormone action, 190 VSD (ventricular septal defect), 61

W

Waldenstrom's disease, 110-111 Wallerian degeneration, 331, 332 Water balance

and electrolyte balance, 155-168 pathophysiology of, 161-165 physiology of, 155-157 regulation of, 160-161

Water disturbances in diabetes, 232-233 Water intake and loss per day, 156 Water reabsorption, renal, 148-149 Willis, circle of, 384

x

Xylose concentration test (in intestine), 279

z Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 270