literature cited - shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/9677/11/11_chapter 6.pdf ·...

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LITERATURE CITED Aguilera G, Duray SA and Phavaphutanon L. 1999. Influence of Phosphorus and Endomycorrhiza (Glomus Intraradices) on gas exchange and plant growth of Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.). Photosynthetica 36(3): 441-449. Akineinde EA and Adigun IO. 2005. Phosphorus use efficiency by pepper (Capsicum frutescens) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) at different phosphorus fertilizer application levels on two tempearte soils. Journal of Applied Sciences 5(10): 1785-1791. Al-Karaki GN and Al-Raddad A. 1997. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress on growth and nutrient uptake of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Mycorrhiza 7: 8388. Al-Karaki GN. 1998. Benefit, Cost and water use efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal durum wheat grown under drought stress. Mycorrhiza 8: 41-45. Anonymous 2004. Consolidated Report (2001-04) of project entitled “Studies on vescular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) in meeting phosphorus needs of important rainfed cropping systems in mountain soils of Himachal Pradesh”. Under National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP-CGP, ICAR), CSK HPKV, Palampur. Anonymous 2012. Package of Practice for Vegetable Production. CSK HPKV Palampur (HP), JMD printers, p. 213. Arora SK, Narinder K and Sharma BR. 1991. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on growth and yield components in okra. Haryana Journal of Hoticultural Sciences 20(3): 261-266. Atkinson D. 1994. Impact of mycorrhizal colonization on root architecture, root longevity and the formation of growth regulators. In: Gianinazzi S et al. (eds). Impact of

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Page 1: LITERATURE CITED - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/9677/11/11_chapter 6.pdf · Auge RM. 2006. Water relations, drought and VA mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza

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LITERATURE CITED

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Appendix 1 Mean weekly weather data at Palampur during 2009-10 (June 2009 to May 2010)

Standard

week

Rainfall

(mm)

Temperature

(0C) Relative

humidity (%)

Evaporation

(mm)

Sunshine hours

(hrs) Max. Min.

23 4 32.1 18.1 41.2 6.3 8.4

24 19 30.8 18.2 45.7 6.7 6.8

25 0 32.7 19.5 36.6 7.8 11.6

26 13 33.7 21.1 52.1 6.8 6.9

27 37 30.3 18.8 58.6 5.2 8.4

28 153 27.8 19.6 82.4 2.5 3.4

29 136 28.5 20.0 84.5 2.9 6.2

30 254 26.0 19.7 91.4 2.4 2.1

31 47 26.7 19.3 83.6 2.9 5.3

32 190 25.7 19.2 90.9 2.2 3.5

33 151 25.2 19.0 90.6 2.5 1.7

34 11 27.2 17.6 78.3 3.5 7.4

35 159 25.1 18.3 88.0 2.3 3.2

36 99 26.2 15.5 80.7 3.1 8.2

37 13 27.8 17.1 81.8 3.4 7.1

38 4 27.1 17.9 87.5 2.4 4.8

39 34 27.1 15.6 82.3 2.6 7.7

40 0 26.2 11.8 58.1 3.8 9.7

41 0 25.2 10.9 56.4 3.7 9.7

42 0 24.1 8.7 58.5 3.7 9.8

43 0 24.8 9.9 65.7 3.5 9.0

44 18 22.3 8.9 70.4 2.7 7.1

45 52 19.2 8.2 73.6 2.1 5.4

46 0 19.7 5.1 58.4 2.1 8.4

47 0 19.9 6.7 66.8 2.1 6.7

48 0 20.4 6.4 58.1 2.1 8.0

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Standard

week

Rainfall

(mm)

Temperature

(0C) Relative

humidity (%)

Evaporation

(mm)

Sunshine hours

(hrs) Max. Min.

49 0 19.8 6.7 60.2 2.1 3

50 0 17.9 7.6 67.4 2.0 1.9

51 0 17.1 3.5 64.2 2.0 6.1

52 0 16.3 3.2 66.4 2.0 6.8

1 18 17.0 4.1 70.0 1.8 7.6

2 6 17.1 3.9 60.6 4.4 7.0

3 0 19.5 5.2 60.8 1.9 8.4

4 0 19.1 6.0 57.4 2.1 6.3

5 2 17.4 5.0 61.2 2.1 6.5

6 106 15.3 5.9 81.6 1.7 3.6

7 0 17.4 4.9 78.3 2.3 6.2

8 15 20.4 7.1 72.0 2.7 7.6

9 1 22.3 11.1 58.1 2.9 5.1

10 15 21.0 8.4 57.4 2.9 6.7

11 0 25.3 11.6 51.7 4.1 10.1

12 0 3.8 1.9 5.0 0.6 1.4

13 11 28.8 14.7 41.4 5.7 8.7

14 0 28.4 13.9 34.4 6.3 10.4

15 0 31.1 16.0 35.8 6.4 9.4

16 25 32.1 16.5 43.5 5.1 5.6

17 4 29.8 16.7 40.2 6.7 7.0

18 3 31.9 18.6 44.1 6.8 7.6

19 21 28.4 16.6 57.1 5.6 8.7

20 13 31.9 20.2 40.9 7.5 6.6

21 0 34.8 21.3 28.2 9.2 10.1

22 60 33.0 18.1 43.4 7.3 7.8

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Appendix 2 Mean weekly weather data at Palampur during 2010-11 (June 2010 to May 2011)

Standard

week

Rainfall

(mm)

Temperature

(0C) Relative

humidity (%)

Evaporation

(mm)

Sunshine hours

(hrs) Max. Min.

21 0 34.8 21.3 28.2 9.2 10.1

22 60 33.0 18.1 43.4 7.3 7.8

23 77 27.8 16.9 57.0 3.8 6.4

24 8 30.7 18.3 52.6 5.6 7.4

25 43 33.1 21.2 50.5 6.2 9.2

26 90 30.4 19.7 67.0 4.1 7.4

27 132 26.4 19.3 82.7 2.7 3.6

28 9 27.6 20.2 80.7 3.2 4.8

29 153 26.7 20.9 92.3 2.2 1.8

30 153 26.7 20.9 92.3 2.2 1.8

31 247 27.0 19.8 91.4 1.7 4.6

32 190 25.9 20.3 91.9 1.8 1.3

33 272 25.8 20.3 90.6 1.8 1.9

34 326 25.2 19.2 91.7 1.7 2.3

35 98 26.7 19.8 88.8 2.4 4.9

36 202 26.0 19.1 91.3 1.5 3.1

37 92 25.1 17.7 89.4 2.0 3.7

38 12 24.4 17.2 89.2 2.5 4.4

39 13 25.9 14.8 79.2 3.2 7.4

40 2 27.2 15.0 77.4 3.3 8.4

41 3 26.5 14.3 67.5 3.2 8.4

42 0 26.7 15.0 72.6 3.2 7.7

43 29 23.1 10.0 63.4 2.5 6.7

44 0 23.7 10.6 63.2 2.9 8.5

45 0 24.5 10.6 61.8 2.8 9.4

46 1 23.9 9.8 52.9 2.7 9.5

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Standard

week

Rainfall

(mm)

Temperature

(0C) Relative

humidity (%)

Evaporation

(mm)

Sunshine hours

(hrs) Max. Min.

47 4 21.2 8.4 62.4 2.2 7.0

48 0 20.3 7.2 71.9 2.0 8.4

49 0 20.0 6.2 61.3 2.1 8.6

50 0 19.6 5.8 55.6 2.0 8.7

51 0 17.7 4.7 66.1 2.1 7.0

52 0 18.9 4.1 52.2 2.1 8.6

1 91 16.8 4.6 57.2 1.8 6.1

2 18 17.0 4.1 70.0 1.8 7.6

3 0 17.1 4.7 53.5 2.0 7.0

4 58 12.0 2.4 68.2 1.3 4.2

5 0 16.1 3.5 63.0 1.9 8.6

6 1 18.1 6.5 59.4 2.0 5.0

7 23 19.1 7.6 57.3 2.1 4.0

8 109 14.3 6.5 77.8 1.6 2.0

9 1 16.8 5.9 67.3 2.1 4.5

10 39 15.1 6.1 76.5 1.8 2.3

11 8 19.5 7.6 54.9 2.5 7.1

12 0 24.4 11.2 54.0 3.8 8.8

13 0 24.4 11.2 54.0 3.8 8.8

14 0 24.8 11.7 49.1 4.4 8.0

15 6 25.9 12.2 50.1 4.8 8.2

16 5 22.7 10.5 57.3 4.0 6.1

17 6 24.4 12.6 64.3 3.8 5.9

18 80 24.0 11.8 59.6 3.9 7.1

19 10 21.6 19.2 62.1 5.9 9.7

20 4 24.9 13.2 61.6 4.2 7.6

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Appendix 3 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on N, P and K concentration (%) in okra fruit and

stover

Treatment N P K

Fruits Stover Fruits Stover Fruits Stover

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled

T1 V0100%NPK FYM10t

IAR(GRD) 2.18 2.23 2.08 2.24 0.74 0.81 0.59 0.62 0.61 0.67 0.64 0.65 0.75 0.75 0.75

T2 V0N25%P0K0FYM2.5t

IWA (FP) 1.82 1.82 1.79 1.72 0.69 0.58 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.52 0.50 0.51 0.45 0.49 0.47

T3 V0P50% I40% 2.15 2.20 2.05 2.19 0.67 0.73 0.54 0.57 0.56 0.67 0.64 0.65 0.75 0.75 0.75

T4 V0P75% I40% 2.16 2.20 2.05 2.20 0.69 0.74 0.57 0.60 0.58 0.67 0.64 0.66 0.75 0.75 0.75

T5 V0P100% I40% 2.17 2.21 2.07 2.21 0.71 0.78 0.59 0.60 0.59 0.67 0.64 0.65 0.76 0.76 0.76

T6 V12P50% I40% 2.21 2.25 2.10 2.26 0.83 0.83 0.63 0.66 0.65 0.67 0.64 0.66 0.74 0.73 0.74

T7 V12P75% I40% 2.22 2.27 2.12 2.28 0.84 0.86 0.66 0.69 0.67 0.68 0.65 0.67 0.77 0.77 0.77

T8 V12P100% I40% 2.23 2.27 2.12 2.28 0.84 0.86 0.66 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.64 0.66 0.77 0.77 0.77

T9 V0P50% I80% 2.15 2.19 2.05 2.19 0.69 0.73 0.52 0.54 0.53 0.68 0.65 0.67 0.76 0.76 0.76

T10 V0P75% I80% 2.15 2.22 2.07 2.19 0.68 0.74 0.55 0.57 0.56 0.67 0.64 0.66 0.76 0.76 0.76

T11 V0P100% I80% 2.17 2.22 2.07 2.21 0.71 0.77 0.57 0.59 0.58 0.68 0.65 0.67 0.76 0.76 0.76

T12 V12P50% I80% 2.23 2.27 2.12 2.28 0.83 0.85 0.64 0.67 0.65 0.67 0.64 0.66 0.76 0.77 0.76

T13 V12P75% I80% 2.22 2.27 2.12 2.28 0.84 0.86 0.67 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.64 0.66 0.76 0.76 0.76

T14 V12P100% I80% 2.23 2.27 2.12 2.28 0.84 0.86 0.67 0.70 0.68 0.68 0.65 0.67 0.77 0.76 0.77

CD (P=0.05) 0.019 0.056 0.017 0.033 0.039 0.055 0.048 0.051 0.048 0.013 0.006 0.013 0.028 0.031 0.29

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Appendix 4 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on B and Mo concentration (mg kg-1

) in

okra fruit and stover

Treatment

B Mo

Fruits Stover Fruits Stover

2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 2009 2010

T1 V0100%NPK FYM10t IAR(GRD) 15.0 14.7 14.8 26.7 26.7 26.7 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.10

T2 V0N25%P0K0FYM2.5t IWA (FP) 11.7 10.3 11.0 20.7 19.7 20.1 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08

T3 V0P50% I40% 14.3 14.7 14.0 25.3 26.0 25.7 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

T4 V0P75% I40% 14.7 14.6 14.3 26.7 26.3 26.5 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09

T5 V0P100% I40% 15.7 14.7 15.2 26.7 27.0 26.8 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10

T6 V12P50% I40% 15.0 15.4 15.0 26.0 26.3 26.2 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.13

T7 V12P75% I40% 15.3 16.1 15.2 26.7 27.0 26.8 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12

T8 V12P100% I40% 16.2 16.3 16.2 27.7 27.3 27.5 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12

T9 V0P50% I80% 14.3 14.3 13.8 27.0 25.7 26.3 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.08

T10 V0P75% I80% 16.0 14.4 15.0 27.2 25.7 26.5 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09

T11 V0P100% I80% 16.3 14.4 15.3 27.2 26.3 26.8 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

T12 V12P50% I80% 15.3 15.3 15.3 26.3 26.0 26.2 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10

T13 V12P75% I80% 16.3 16.0 16.2 27.0 26.0 26.5 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12

T14 V12P100% I80% 16.3 16.0 16.2 27.3 27.3 27.3 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.12

CD (P=0.05) 1.70 1.61 1.62 1.59 1.77 1.64 0.013 0.028 0.013 0.029

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Appendix 5 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on N, P and K contents (%) in pea pod and stover

Treatment

N P* K

Pods Stover Pods Stover Pods Stover

2009-10 2010-11 Pooled 2009-10 2010-11 Pooled 2009-10 2010-11 Pooled 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 Pooled 2009-10 2010-11 Pooled

T1 V0100%NPK FYM20t

IAR(GRD) 3.20 3.16 3.18 2.94 2.95 2.95 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.51 0.81 0.80 0.81 1.00 1.01 0.90

T2 V0N25%P0K0FYM5t

IWA (FP) 2.63 2.79 2.71 2.55 2.58 2.57 0.45 0.48 0.47 0.39 0.41 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.79 0.83 0.75

T3 V0P50% I40% 3.12 3.11 3.11 2.85 2.90 2.88 0.53 0.52 0.52 0.43 0.43 0.79 0.80 0.79 0.99 0.98 0.90

T4 V0P75% I40% 3.13 3.11 3.12 2.88 2.89 2.89 0.54 0.52 0.53 0.46 0.45 0.81 0.79 0.80 0.99 0.98 0.89

T5 V0P100% I40% 3.13 3.13 3.13 2.90 2.92 2.91 0.56 0.57 0.56 0.47 0.46 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.98 0.99 0.88

T6 V12P50% I40% 3.24 3.23 3.23 2.97 3.01 2.99 0.61 0.63 0.62 0.52 0.52 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.98 0.97 0.89

T7 V12P75% I40% 3.23 3.24 3.24 2.99 3.01 3.00 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.55 0.55 0.83 0.82 0.83 0.97 0.98 0.90

T8 V12P100% I40% 3.23 3.24 3.24 2.99 3.02 3.01 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.56 0.56 0.82 0.81 0.81 1.01 1.00 0.91

T9 V0P50% I80% 3.11 3.12 3.11 2.90 2.90 2.90 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.43 0.43 0.81 0.80 0.81 0.98 0.98 0.89

T10 V0P75% I80% 3.12 3.14 3.13 2.89 2.92 2.91 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.46 0.45 0.81 0.83 0.82 0.97 0.97 0.90

T11 V0P100% I80% 3.13 3.13 3.14 2.91 2.93 2.92 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.47 0.47 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.98 0.97 0.90

T12 V12P50% I80% 3.22 3.21 3.22 2.97 3.01 2.99 0.61 0.64 0.63 0.52 0.52 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.97 0.97 0.90

T13 V12P75% I80% 3.23 3.23 3.21 2.98 3.02 3.00 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.55 0.54 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.97 0.98 0.91

T14 V12P100% I80% 3.23 3.23 3.23 2.98 3.02 3.00 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.55 0.55 0.81 0.83 0.83 0.98 1.00 0.91

CD (P=0.05) 0.04 0.029 0.035 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.02 0.02 0.026 0.012 0.024 0.04 0.03 0.037 0.02 0.03 0.030

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Appendix 6 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on Zn, Cu and Mn concentration (mg kg-1

) in pea pod

and stover

Treatment

Zn Cu Mn

Pods Stover Pods Stover Pods Stover

2009-10 2010-11 Pooled 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 Pooled 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 Pooled

T1

V0100%NPK FYM10t

IAR(GRD) 68 68 68 72 71 12 11 12 12 12 159 158 179 178 178

T2

V0N25%P0K0FYM2.5t

IWA (FP) 35 35 35 50 39 6 6 6 6 6 103 95 135 116 126

T3 V0P50% I40% 67 67 67 72 72 8 7 8 9 9 149 149 172 171 172

T4 V0P75% I40% 65 65 65 66 66 10 10 9 9 9 153 152 174 174 174

T5 V0P100% I40% 62 62 62 64 64 10 10 11 11 11 153 152 175 175 175

T6 V12P50% I40% 76 76 76 76 76 11 12 12 12 12 153 143 172 174 173

T7 V12P75% I40% 75 73 74 76 77 13 12 11 12 12 152 142 172 172 172

T8 V12P100% I40% 75 73 74 78 80 13 12 14 14 14 151 141 174 174 174

T9 V0P50% I80% 71 71 71 71 71 8 8 9 10 10 153 156 172 172 172

T10 V0P75% I80% 68 68 68 67 67 9 9 11 11 11 155 157 173 173 173

T11 V0P100% I80% 65 65 65 64 64 10 10 11 12 11 155 159 173 173 173

T12 V12P50% I80% 75 77 76 75 75 14 15 13 13 13 151 141 172 173 172

T13 V12P75% I80% 73 75 74 76 75 13 13 13 13 13 154 141 174 175 175

T14 V12P100% I80% 73 75 74 77 75 13 12 13 14 13 152 142 174 175 174

CD (P=0.05) 2.70 2.31 2.46 3.89 2.67 2.30 2.26 1.44 1.43 1.40 6.21 3.57 5.79 5.57 5.55

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Appendix 7 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on B and Zn concentration (mg kg-1

) in pea

pod and stover

Treatment

B Mo

Pods Stover Pods Stover

2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11

T1 V0100%NPK FYM20t IAR(GRD) 17 15 28 27 0.091 0.091 0.092 0.092

T2 V0N25%P0K0FYM5t IWA (FP) 12 10 25 20 0.082 0.081 0.080 0.087

T3 V0P50% I40% 16 12 26 26 0.085 0.088 0.090 0.097

T4 V0P75% I40% 15 13 25 27 0.086 0.086 0.091 0.100

T5 V0P100% I40% 15 14 27 27 0.089 0.089 0.090 0.103

T6 V12P50% I40% 17 15 26 26 0.096 0.098 0.095 0.107

T7 V12P75% I40% 16 15 25 27 0.095 0.093 0.097 0.105

T8 V12P100% I40% 14 16 27 27 0.095 0.093 0.095 0.105

T9 V0P50% I80% 15 15 26 26 0.086 0.089 0.087 0.093

T10 V0P75% I80% 15 15 26 27 0.088 0.087 0.092 0.098

T11 V0P100% I80% 16 15 26 26 0.090 0.091 0.090 0.099

T12 V12P50% I80% 17 16 26 26 0.095 0.091 0.095 0.109

T13 V12P75% I80% 16 16 27 25 0.093 0.094 0.095 0.106

T14 V12P100% I80% 16 15 26 25 0.093 0.094 0.095 0.107

CD (P=0.05) 2.42 1.74 NS 2.08 NS NS NS NS

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Appendix 8 Moisture content (%) in okra fruits/ pea pods and stover

Treatment

Okra Pea

Fruits Stover Pods Stover

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11

T1 87.8 88.0 86.9 87.6 82.0 82.1 82.8 83.0

T2 88.3 88.2 85.7 86.1 82.5 82.6 81.9 82.1

T3 88.1 88.0 86.1 86.2 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.8

T4 88.3 88.1 86.4 86.6 82.5 82.6 82.7 83.1

T5 88.3 88.1 86.7 86.7 82.5 82.6 83.0 83.4

T6 88.8 88.6 87.5 87.9 82.9 83.0 84.5 84.6

T7 88.9 88.7 88.1 87.7 83.0 83.0 84.8 84.8

T8 88.9 88.7 88.1 87.8 83.0 83.0 84.6 84.8

T9 88.1 88.2 86.2 86.0 82.2 82.5 82.5 82.9

T10 88.1 88.1 86.5 86.5 82.4 82.4 83.0 83.3

T11 88.1 88.1 87.1 87.1 82.4 82.4 83.1 83.7

T12 88.7 88.7 88.0 87.7 82.8 82.8 84.6 84.9

T13 88.8 88.6 88.0 87.6 83.0 82.8 84.8 85.2

T14 88.8 88.7 88.1 87.7 83.1 82.8 84.9 85.3