literary devices used in poetry - shelby county schools · literary devices used in poetry ....
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LITERARY DEVICES
USED IN POETRY
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Definition: a group of consecutive lines in a
poem that form a single unit
STANZA
expresses a unit of thought
stanza = an Italian word for “stopping
place” or “place to rest”
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A crust of bread and a corner to sleep in,
A minute to smile and an hour to weep in,
A pint of joy to peck at trouble,
And never a laugh but the moans come double;
And that is life!
STANZA BREAK (THE SPACE BETWEEN STANZAS)
A crust and a corner that makes love precious,
With a smile to warm and the tears to refresh us;
And joy seems sweeter when cares come after;
And a moan is the finest of foils for laughter;
And that is life!
STANZA EXAMPLE— “LIFE” BY
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR
Stanza 1
Stanza 2
Stanza 1
expresses
one key
idea.
Stanza 2
expresses
another
key idea.
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Definition: a two (2) line stanza
COUPLET
Ex) But do not so; I love thee in such sort,
As, thou being mine, mine is thy good report.
~ from “Sonnet 36” by William Shakespeare
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Definition: a four (4) line stanza
QUATRAIN
Ex) Let me confess that we two must be twain,
Although our undivided loves are one;
So shall these blots that do with me remain,
Without thy help, by me be borne alone.
~ from “Sonnet 36” by William Shakespeare
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Definition: a six (6) line stanza
SESTET
Ex) I may not evermore acknowledge thee,
Lest my bewailed guilt should do thee shame;
Nor thou with public kindness honour me,
Unless thou take that honour from thy name:
But do not so; I love thee in such sort,
As, thou being mine, mine is thy good report.
~ from “Sonnet 36” by William Shakespeare
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Definition: an eight (8) line stanza
OCTAVE
Ex) Let me confess that we two must be twain,
Although our undivided loves are one;
So shall these blots that do with me remain,
Without thy help, by me be borne alone.
In our two loves there is but one respect,
Though in our lives a separable spite,
Which though it alter not love’s sole effect,
Yet doth it steal sweet hours from love’s delight.
~ from “Sonnet 36” by William Shakespeare
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Definition: a pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables
METER
´ for stressed
˘ for unstressed
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Definition: a pattern of end rhymes in a
poem
RHYME SCHEME
To indicate the rhyme scheme of a poem, use a letter of the
alphabet for each rhyme
Ex) aabb
Nature’s first green is gold,
Her hardest hue to hold.
Her early leaf’s a flower,
But only so an hour.
--Robert Frost
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Definition: rhymes at the end of lines
END RHYME
Ex) If I can stop one heart from breaking,
I shall not live in vain;
If I can ease one life the aching,
Or cool one pain,
Or help one fainting robin
Unto his nest again,
I shall not live in vain.
~ Emily Dickinson
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Definition: Rhymes within a line
INTERNAL RHYME
Ex) Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,
Over man y a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore –
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
“’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door –
Only this and nothing more.”
~ Edgar Allan Poe
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Definition: rhymes involving sounds that
are similar but not exactly the same
SLANT RHYME
Ex) Leave/Live or Pain/Again
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Definition: a line or group of lines that is
repeated at regular intervals in a poem
REFRAIN
used to build rhythm or provide emphasis
Ex) A repeated chorus in a song.
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The cat so silent Lay curled up on the rug
The fire a blaze The room so snug.
Purring, purring Quiet and still
Purring, purring Content from his fill.
Tatters the cat Big, fat cat.
He had just eaten A dinner of fish
What a treat to have Filling up his dish.
Purring, purring Quiet and still
Purring, purring Content from his fill.
REFRAIN EXAMPLE
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Definition: the use of any element of language—
a sound, word, or phrase—more than once.
Example: The golden sun was
Bright
Bright
Bright
REPETITION
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Definition: the voice talking to us in a poem
SPEAKER
best to think of voice as a character the poet has created
– character could be a child, a woman, a man, an animal, or an object; it is best to think of voice as a character the poet has created, not the actual poet
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Definition: a comparison between two unlike things in which one is described as if it were
something else.
METAPHOR
does NOT use like or as
Ex) She has a heart of stone.
He is a bear in the morning.
My homework was a mountain waiting
to be climbed.
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Definition: a comparison between two unlike things,
using a word such as like, as, than, or resembles
SIMILE
Ex) When you see me sitting quietly,
Like a sack left on the shelf,
Don’t think I need your chattering.
I’m listening to myself…
~ from “On Aging,” by Maya Angelou
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Definition: The repetition of consonant
sounds at the beginning of words.
ALLITERATION
Helps establish mood, emphasize words,
and serve as a memory aid
Ex) nodded, nearly napping
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers.
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Definition: the repetition of ending or internal
(inside the word) consonant sounds.
Ex. In the phrase “Black Rock” both have the
repetition of the consonant sound “ck” at the
end of the word. This is different from
alliteration, which presents this at the beginnning.
CONSONANCE
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Definition: the repetition of vowel sounds in
words that are close together
ASSONANCE
Ex) Life doesn’t frighten me at all
Not at all
Not at all
Life doesn’t frighten me at all
--Maya Angelou
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Definition: the use of words whose sound
imitates or suggests its meaning
ONOMATOPOEIA
Ex) Hear the sledges with the bells –
Silver bells!
What a world of merriment their melody foretells!
How they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle,
In the icy air of night!
While the stars that oversprinkle
All the Heavens, seem to twinkle
With a crystalline delight.
~ from “The Bells” by Edgar Allan Poe
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Definition: language that appeals to the senses
IMAGERY
Ex) Taste the green in the lettuce,
Hear the crunch of its freshness,
Smell its earth perfume.
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Definition: a figure of speech in which an
object or animal is spoken of as if it had
human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes.
PERSONIFICATION
Ex) The fingertips of rain
rapped and tapped
a steady beat on the windowpane.
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Definition: Anything that stands for or
represents something else.
SYMBOLISM
Ex) bald eagle = United States
Star of David = Judaism
cross = Christianity
white dove = peace
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Definition: an exaggeration or overstatement used
for effect
HYPERBOLE
Ex) “His smile was so wide he’d have to break it into
sections to fit it through the doorway.”
~ from Maniac Magee by Jerry Spinelli