listening & critical thinking

8/12/2019 Listening & Critical Thinking

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WEEK

Listening and Critical ThinkingChapter Objectives

1. Define hearing, listening, and critical thinking

2. Compare and contrast helpful and harmful listening and thinkinghabits

3. Explain the use of the listening level-energy involvement scale

4. Define feedback, distinguish between and use different types of

feedback, and explain how each type affects communication

5. Set appropriate listening goals

6. Explain how technology influences listening


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Listening and Ethics

How responsive a listener are you?

It is our ethic responsibility to listen

Are you prepared to listen?

Listening is the fundamental process through which we initiateand maintain relationships

How well do you use your listening time?

The percentage of information you retain when listeningindicates how good of a listener you are

How much of a role do you play in ensuring the integrity of amessage?

Chain of command transmission orserial communication


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Listening vs. Hearing

Hearing occurs automatically and requires no conscious

effort

A natural and passive process

Listening is a deliberate process through which we seek to

understand and retain aural stimuli

Depends on a complex set of skills that must be acquired

Who we are affects what we listen to

If information is important to us, we work harder to retain it


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Listening Levels


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Unethical Listeners

Fraudulentpseudolisteners (nodders)Monopolisticalways want to be listened to, but never want

to listen

Completersfill in missed gaps with manufacturedinformation

Selectivezero in only on parts that interest them

Avoidersclose their ears to information theyd rather not

deal with

Defensiveassume others are criticizing

Attackerswait for you to make a mistake


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Feedback

Feedback is essential to improving your listening skills

Evaluative feedback

Positive evaluative feedback

Negative evaluative feedback Formative feedback

Nonevaluative feedback

Probing

Understanding

Supportive feedback

I messages


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Effects of Feedback

The feedback given by the respondent in any encounter

strongly influences the direction and outcome of the

interaction

Feedback usually increases the accuracy with which

information is passed from person to person, as well as

increases the time required to transmit information


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The Role of Critical Thinking

Critical thinking

The careful thought process about what another person has just

said to you

The evaluation of the believability of the spoken message

Be ready to challenge and raise questions about what you are

listening to

Examine the evidence on which a conclusion is based and

establish if valid or contains weaknesses and inconsistencies

Listen carefully in an effort to determine if what you are listening

to makes sense and is worth retaining or acting upon


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Technologys Influence on Listening

Advances in technology continue to add listening wrinkles

Face to facereal-time, synchronous listening

Telephoneoption of not having to share the same space when

engage in real-time conversations Voice mailserial conversations with people in different

locations and who dont hear our words when we speak them;

asynchronous listening

Caller IDallows us to decide who we want to listen to Call waitingmakes it possible for us to not miss a call from

someone important to us


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Increasing Your Ear Power

Become aware of the importance and effects of listening

Become aware of the importance and effects of feedback

Realize that effective listening includes both nonjudgmentaland critical responses


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Focus Your Attention

Distractions

Emotions

Red-flag words

Physical factors Other people

Speech-thought differential

Constantly focus your attention

Attention checks

Nonverbal behaviors that support listening

Culture can interfere

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Set Appropriate Goals

Know what you are listening for

To understand content

To retain content

To analyze content To evaluate content

To develop empathetic relationships

Adapt goals to each situation or experience

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Listening to Understand Ideas

Locate the central concepts in the speakers message

Work to recall the concepts that are most important

Seek to identify key words and phrases that will help you

accurately summarize the concepts being discussed

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Listening to Retain Information

Focus your attention

Learn how to make certain you have understood what you

have heard

Aids to retain information

Repetition

Paraphrase

Visualization

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Listening to Analyze and Evaluate

Reserve judgment until the comprehension of the situation is

complete

Realize you have a choice; do not feel compelled to join thecrowd

Listen between the lines

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Listening Empathetically and Actively

Empathetic listening can be used to help individuals

understand their own situations and problems

Try to internalize the other persons feelings and see life

through his or her eyes

Acknowledge the seriousness of peoples problems

Draw them out so that they can discuss a problem

Show them that you understand the problem

Paraphrase their statements Genuine nonverbal cues

Do not judge; reflect, consider, and restate your impression of

the senders expressions

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Listening to Cultures Influence

We need to be more aware of cultural differences in listening

Dialogic listeningthe awareness of what happens betweenpeople as they respond to each other, work toward shared

understanding, and build a relationship

listening & critical thinking

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