LIST OF POLYATOMIC IONS

Name Formula

Ammonium NH4 +1 Acetate C2H3O2 -1 Arsenate AsO4 -3 Azide N3 -1 Bicarbonate HCO3 -1 Bisulfate HSO4 -1 Borate BO3 -3 Bromate BrO3 -1 Carbonate CO3 -2 Carbonite CO2 -2 Chlorate ClO3 -1 Chlorite ClO2 -1 Chromate CrO4 -2 Chromite CrO3 -2 Cyanate OCN -1 Cyanide CN -1 Dichromate Cr2O7 -2 Ferricyanide Fe(CN)6 -3 Ferrocyanide Fe(CN)6 -4 Formate CHO2 -1 Hydroxide OH -1 Hypochlorite ClO -1 Iodate IO3 -1 Iodite IO2 -1 Manganate MnO4 -2 Permanganate MnO4 -1 Nitrate NO3 -1 Nitrite NO2 -1 Oxalate C2O4 -2 Perchlorate ClO4 -1 Peroxide O2 -2 Phosphate PO4 -3 Phosphite PO3 -3 Selenate SeO4 -2 Silicate SiO4 -4 Sulfate SO4 -2 Sulfite SO3 -2 Thiocyanate SCN -1 Tungstate WO4 -2

SOLUBILITY RULES

Anions Cations Cations

Soluble compounds (aq) Insoluble compounds (s)

nitrates (NO3-)

all none acetates (CH3COO-) chlorates (ClO3

-) perchlorates (ClO4

-)

chlorides (Cl-) most

silver bromides (Br-) mercury (I)

iodides (I-) lead (II)

fluorides (F-) most

magnesium calcium

strontium barium lead (II)

sulfates (SO4

2-) most barium lead (II)

strontium

carbonates (CO32-) Group I metals

most sulfites (SO32-) ammonium

phosphates (PO43-)

chromates (CrO42-)

sulfides (S2-) Group I metals, ammonium, most hydroxides (OH-) calcium, barium, and strontium

ACTIVITY SERIES Metals Halogens

Most reactive Li F2 Most reactive

Rb Cl2

K Br2 Cs I2 Least reactive Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Ti Mn Zn Cr Fe Co Ni Sn Pb H2 (Included for comparison)

Sb As Bi Cu Hg Ag Pd

Least reactive Pt Au

Note: All compounds of the Group 1 metals and of NH4+ are soluble (aq) in water.

Various Conversions

1 kg = 1000 g speed of light in a vacuum (c) = 3.00 x 108 m/s Heat of vapourization of water (Hv) = 2.26 x 106 J/kg 1 km = 1000 m specific heat capacity of water vapour (Cs) = 2020 J/(kg°C) Heat of fusion of water (Hf) = 3.34 x 105 J/kg 1 m = 100 cm specific heat capacity of ice (Ci) = 2060 J/(kg°C) 1 L = 1000 mL specific heat capacity of water (Cw) = 4180 J/(kg°C) 1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 particles