This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureauof Economic Research

Volume Title: Output Measurement in the Service Sectors

Volume Author/Editor: Zvi Griliches, editor

Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Volume ISBN: 0-226-30885-5

Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/gril92-1

Conference Date: May 4-5, 1990

Publication Date: January 1992

Chapter Title: List of Contributors, Indexes

Chapter Author: Zvi Griliches

Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c7245

Chapter pages in book: (p. 543 - 562)

Contributors

Paul A. Armknecht U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, DC 20212-0001

Martin Neil Baily Department of Economics Tydings Hall University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742

Allen N. Berger Monetary and Financial Studies Section Board of Governors of the Federal

20th and C Streets, NW Washington, DC 2055 1

Emst R. Berndt Sloan School of Management, E52-452 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 50 Memorial Drive Cambridge, MA 02139

Reserve System

Timothy F. Bresnahan Department of Economics Encina Hall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6072

Edwin R. Dean Office of Productivity and Technology U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 200 Constitution Avenue, NW,

Washington, DC 20212 room S-4325

W. Erwin Diewert Department of Economics University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5 Canada

Dennis J. Fixler Division of Price and Index Number

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 600 E Street, NW, room 4013 Washington, DC 20212

Research

Barbara M. Fraumeni Department of Economics Northeastern University Boston. MA 021 15

Daniel H. Ginsburg U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, DC 20212-0001

Robert J. Gordon Department of Economics, G- 174 Northwestern University 2003 Sheridan Road Evanston. IL 60208-2400

Zvi Griliches National Bureau of Economic Research 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138-5398

543

544 Contributors

Diana Hancock Mail Stop 7 1 Division of Monetary Affairs Board of Governors of the Federal

Washington, DC 20551 Reserve System

Alan Heston Department of Economics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297

David B . Humphrey Department of Finance College of Business R-53G Florida State University Tallahassee. FL 32306-1042

Dale W. Jorgenson Department of Economics 122 Littauer Center Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138

Elizabeth Kremp Banque de France Direction Gentrale du Credit Centrale des Bilans 39, rue croix des petits champs 75001 Paris France

Kent Kunze Office of Productivity and Technology U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20212

Robert E. Lipsey National Bureau of Economic Research 269 Mercer Street, 8th floor New York. NY 10003

Jacques Mairesse Institut National de la Statistique et des

Etudes Economiques 18, Boulevard Adolphe-Pinard 75675 Paris, Cedex 14 France

Marilyn E. Manser Office of Research and Evaluation U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 441 G Street, NW, room 2126 Washington, DC 20212

Paul Milgrom Department of Economics Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6072

Michael F. Mohr Bureau of Economic Analysis U.S. Department of Commerce Tower Building, Room 925 14th Street and Constitution Avenue,

Washington, DC 20230

Swati Mukerjee Department of Economics Bentley College Waltham, MA 02154-4705

NW

Richard Murray Statskontoret Box 34107 Stockholm S-100 26 Sweden

M. Ishaq Nadiri National Bureau of Economic Research 269 Mercer Street, 8th Floor New York. NY 10003

Walter Y. Oi Department of Economics University of Rochester Harkness Hall Rochester. NY 14627

Jonathan Paul School of Business University of Michigan 701 Tappan Street Ann Arbor, MI 48 109-1234

Sherwin Rosen Department of Economics University of Chicago 1126 East 59th Street Chicago, IL 60637

545 Contributors

Michael Rothschild Office of the Divisional Dean University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0064

Robin C. Sickles Department of Economics Rice University P.O. Box 1892 6100 S. Main Street 'Houston, TX 77251

Donald Siege1 Harriman School for Management and

314D Harriman Hall State University of New York at Stony

Stony Brook, NY 11794-3775

Robert Summers Department of Economics University of Pennsylvania 3718 Locust Walk Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297

Policy

Brook

Jack E. Triplett Bureau of Economic Analysis U.S. Department of Commerce Room 710A, Tower Building 1401 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20230

Ann Dryden Witte Department of Economics Wellesley College Wellesley, MA 021 8 1

Frank C. Wykoff Economic Inquiry 109 Seaver North Pomona College 645 North College Avenue Claremont, CA 9171 1-6363

Kimberly D. Zieschang Division of Price and Index Number

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 600 E. Street, NW, room 4103 Washington, DC 20212

Research

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Author Index

Abbott, Thomas A,, 111, 4501143 Abowd, John, 431119 Adar, Z. T., 300119 Admati, A., 203,205n12, 206n13, 210 Agmon, T., 300x19 Aly, Hassan Y., 257 American Petroleum Institute, 186n26 American Trucking Association, 379t.

American Trucking Trends, 381nn16,17 Andrews, Stephen H., 450n43 Appel, D., 177 Armknecht, P. A, , 112, 354 Arndt, H. W., 284,285 Arrow, Kenneth J., 169n9 Auromotive News, 143 Averch, H., 281111

380n15

Bagehot, W., 219x11 Bailey, M. J., 174 Bailey, Elizabeth, 399t Baily, Martin Neil, 14, 32, 376, 384,418,

423,429n1,431n7,442n30,453n45 Baltensperger, Ernst, 289 Barger, Harold, 162, 163t Barnett, William A, , 220, 223, 225n7, 229,

Barron, J., 189n29 Baurngarner, James D., 338n28 Baurnol, W. J., 3, 197,211 Bear, Donald V. T., 339111 Becker, G. S., 12, 187, 303, 307n6, 312

241, 248111, 284-85, 291,292n3, 297n2

Belsley, D. A,, 237, 2381123 Benston, G., 219n2, 250,290 Berger, Allen N., 227111 1, 241,248112, 250,

253t, 2581119, 259n20, 2611, 262t, 263n23, 264n25,266n28, 268, 272n32, 284

444n33 Berndt, Ernst R., 143, 272, 383.41 1, 425,

Blackman, S. A. B., 3 Blanciforti, Laura A,, 142 Bliss, C., 174 Blozan, William, Jr., 177n18 Bluestone, Barry, 182-83 Booz-Allen and Hamilton, 263n24 Borenstein, Severin, 388, 4001147 Boskin, Michael, 67 Bowen, B., 1771118, 182n21 Bradford, D. F., 344 Branscome, James M., 123 Bresnahan, Timothy, 456n50 Brown, C., 183n22 Brown, James R., 165 Bucklin, Louis P., 161, 175 Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 26,

32n3, 51nn18,19, 314nn16.18 Bureau of the Census, 305n4 Burkhead, J., 344113

Calore, Daniel, 363 Campbell, B., 314n20 Card, David, 381 Cattin, P., 520

547

548 Author Index

Caves, Douglas W., 10, 228, 240, 372n4, 3751110, 381-82, 385, 393n36,406, 409-1 1

Caves, Richard E., 385 Chiang, S. Judy Wang, 41 In56 Christensen, L. R., 100, 228, 240, 372n4,

3751110, 381-82, 385, 3931136,406, 409-1 1

Christy, Paul T., 32 Coase, R. H., 174, 286 Coelen, Craig, 363 Cohen, Jeremy M., 444n33 Cole, Roseanne, 444 Cole, Stacey J., 450nn41,42 Council of Economic Advisers, 671128 Courant, P. N., 307n7

Daughtey, Andrew F., 41 In56 Dean, Edwin R., 290, 314n15, 374117 Debreu, G., 227 de Groot, H., 528112 de Leeuw, Frank, 373, 379 Dempsey, Paul S. , 388, 392 Denison, Edward F., 16, 429n2, 456 Denny, Michael, 651126, 3821120, 383,425 DeVaney, A. S., 169 Diewert, W. Erwin, 65n25, 102n1, 228,

237n22, 240, 263, 281111, 282, 298117, 375n10,430n6

Domar, E. D., 102111, 105 Donovan, D. J., 220, 241, 248111 Douglas, Edna, 175 Douglas, George W., 170n10, 385 Dow, G. K., 307117

Early, J. F., 133 Ehrlich, Isaac, 172 Eisner, Robert, 307, 314n20 Engerman, S. , 314n20

Fama, Eugene, 289 Fire, R., 2281112, 230,426 Farrell, M. J., 227 Feldstein, Paul J., 140 Fenier, G. D., 227nl1, 256 Fisher, I., 103n2 Fisher, Lawrence, 172 Fisk, Donald M., 528n2 Fixler, Dennis J., 220-22, 224n6, 227, 229,

239, 241, 248-49, 250n6, 252, 2531115, 283-84, 292, 293n4

Flint, Jerry, 4091153

Forbes, 143 Ford, I. K., 130 Francois, Joseph F., 123 Fraumeni, B., 15-16, 310n13, 311, 314nn15,

17, 316, 372114,456 Friedlaender, Ann F., 41 In56 Frornm, G., 4341117 Froomkin, J. T., 315n21 Fuchs, Victor, 3, 19 Fukuyama, H., 230 Fuss, Melvyn A, , 272, 382n20, 383,425

Galvin, John M. , 142 Gates, J. A., 307nn6.7, 3141119 Geary, R. C., 496112 Gellman, Aaron, 401 Gilbert, M., 12, 354n27 Gillingham, Robert F., 110, 123, 143 Ginsberg, Daniel H., 354 Glantz, Frederic, 363 Gollop, Frank M., 105, 306, 314nn15,17,

316, 372n4,456 Good, David H., 372n4, 3821120, 387n24,

401,423,426 Goodhart, C. A. E., 222, 286n5 Gordon, Robert J., 14, 16, 32, 99n5, 100,

266n26, 376,384, 396,401,403t, 404t, 405t, 412,413t, 415n59,417t, 418, 422-23, 429n1,431n7,442n30,453n45

Gorman, John A, , 288 Goudriaan, R., 528112 Grabowski, Richard, 257 Graham, David R., 399t Graham, J. W., 308118, 315n22 Greene, William H., 256 Griliches, Zvi, 12, 16, 133, 188,294, 303111,

Gross, Donald, 169n9 Grosskopf, S., 230n14,426 Grossman, Sanford, 200, 203-4, 206n13,

Grubel, Herbert, 496 Gullickson, William, 430n4,43 ln8,436n22

430115,43 1,4441133,454n46

210

Hall, A., 346nn7,8 Hall, H., 165115, 175 Hancock, Diana, 220, 225117, 226, 228-29,

241, 248, 249n4, 284-85, 290-92, 297n3

Hannan, Timothy, 248112, 264n25, 268n30 Hanushek, E. A , , 304112 Hanweck, G., 219n2, 250, 290

549 Author Index

Harper, Michael J., 143,43On4,431n8,

Harris, Carl M., 169n9 Haveman, R. H., 304113 Hayashi, F., 202, 211, 2121114,214 Hayes, C. D., 351nn14,17,18, 352n20 Hellwig, M. F., 203 Heston, Alan W., 494n1,495,497,499,

501-3, 509,515 Hewson, John, 289 Hill, T. P., 5 Hinich, M., 223 Hirshleifer, J., 14 Hofferth, S., 349-50 Hogarty, T. F., 189n29 Holdren, Bob R., 161, 174-75 Hollowell, S., 346, 355 Holmstrom, Bengt, 202118, 204n10, 209 Hornstein, A, , 14 Hulten, Charles R., 102111, 105, 383, 425 Humphrey, David B., 219n2, 2271111, 241,

250, 2511111, 253t, 258n19, 259n20, 261t, 262t, 263n23, 266n28, 268t, 284, 290

436n22

Hunter, William C., 246, 254 Hutt, W. H., 169

Ingene, C. A,, 161 Inman, R., 347

Jablonski, Mary, 78 James, George W., 398n45, 399n46 Jamison, D. T., 315n21 Jensen, Michael C., 211 Johnson, L., 281nl Johnson, Richard L., 423 Jorgenson, D. W., 9n4, 15-16, 188, 306-7,

308nll,309n12, 310n13, 311, 314nn15,17,316, 373n4,456

Juster, Thomas, 307nn6.7

Kaplan, Daniel P., 399t Kelly, Henry, 32, 61n22 Kendrick, John W., 19, 307, 314n20, 315,

Klein, Michael A., 241112 Klerman, J., 345116 Knapp, J., 165115, 175 Kopp, Raymond J., 263 Kosary, Carol L., 123 Kravis, Irving B., 494111,495,497,499,

344n2, 371111, 373t, 430115

501-3,509

Kremp, E., 18, 355129 Kroch, E., 312n14, 315n22 Kuh, E., 237, 2381123 Kunze, Kent, 78, 290, 374n7 Kupfer, Andrew, 4091153 Kuralt, Charles, 3951139 Kuznets, Simon, 1, 12n6, 519-20 Kwast, Myron L., 266n27

Lal, Kishori, 401114 Land, K. C., 305114 Landes, W. M., 177n18 Lane, WalterF., 110, 121, 123, 143 Lange, M., 345n5 Leaver, Sylvia G., 114 Leibowitz, A,, 345116 Lester, R. A. 183n22 Levhari, D., 169n9 Lewis, W. Arthur, 161 Lichtenberg, Frank R., 431,442n28, 454n46 Liegey, Paul R. , 133 Lindley, James, 247, 284 Lingren, B., 2301114 Lovell, C. A. K., 2271111, 230n14, 256,426 Lumsden, Kenneth, 339111 Lusch, R. F.. 161

McDonald, R., I ln5 MacDonald, R. J., 133 McFadden, D., 228, 520 McGowan, Francis, 387n24 McGuckin, Robert, 4321110 Machalaba, Daniel, 4091152 Machlup, F., 314n20 McMillen, M. M., 305114 Maddison, A., 528112 Mairesse, J., 18, 3551129 Malmquist, S., 227 Malt, R. A, , 344 Mamalakis, Markos J., 247, 251n12, 285n3 Manser, M., 11115, 3501112, 353t Mansfield, Edwin, 372n2 Marcoot, John L., I16 Marimont, Martin L., 421115 Mark, Jerome A,, 374n5, 375118 Marshall, N. L., 366n37 May, Doug, 651126 Medoff, J., I83n22 Mellow, W., 183n22 Mester, Loretta J., 290 Michael, R. T., 304113 Mikkelsen, P., 528112

550 Author Index

Milgrom, Paul, 2041110, 209 Miller, H. P., 308118 Miller, James C., 111, 170n10, 385 Mincer, Jacob, 303, 312, 314n15, 317n23 Mishel, Lawrence R., 32, 61n22,429n2,

453n45,456 Mohr, Michael F., 2t, 32.65n25, 93, 95,

loo, 373,379 Moorsteen, R. H., 227 Momson, Steven A, , 388, 396-97, 399t Mukerji, Swati, 346, 355 Mulligan, J. G., 169 Murname, R., 314n15 Murphy, K., 211, 303nl Murphy, M., 307nn6,7 Murray, R., 518

Nadiri, M. Ishaq, 372n4, 382n20, 387n24,

NAEYC (National Academy of Early Child-

National Center for Education Statistics,

National Center for Health Statistics, 308 Nelson, Forrest D., 411n56 Newhouse, J. P., 345, 352n22, 354n27 Nicholson, J. L., 354n27 Niehans, Jurg, 289 NIPA (National Income and Product Ac-

Nooteboom, B. , 176 Nordhaus, W. D., 12n6, 307, 315 North, Douglass C., 161 Norwood, Janet L., 122 NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) Fact

Book, 196n5

401, 423,426

hood Education), 35 1

305115

counts), 374116

Oates, W. E. , 34 Offenbacher, Edward K., 292n3 Office of Management and Budget (OMB),

35118, 67n28 Ohlsson, I., 517, 520 Oi, Walter Y., 182n20, 183n22, 286,424 Olley, Steve, 432n11 O’Neill, D. M., 305n5 Orgler, Y. T., 300119 Otto, Phyllis F., 78

Pakes, Ariel, 432111 1 Palmer J., 351nn14,17,18, 352n20 Parker, Robert P., 175, 373, 379 Pascoe, George, 4321110

Pashigian, B. Peter, 1771118, 182n21 Pasurka, Carl, 257,426 Paul, Jonathan, 209-10 Pesek, Boris P., 289 Peskin , J., 3 14nn19,20 Pfleiderer, P., 203.2051112, 206n13, 210 Phillips, D., 350, 396 Pollak, Robert A, , 110 Posner, R. A., 177n18 Prescott, E. C., 14 Primont, D. , 230 Progressive Grocer, 178t, 182n20, 183

Radner, R., 315n21 Rangan, Nanda, 257 Ratchford, Brian T., 165 Reinsdorf, M., 11115 Revankar, N., 355 Ricardo, David, 219 Robinson, E. A. G., 169 Roos, P., 230n14 Rose, John T., 266n27 Rosen, S., 20, 303n1, 314n20 Ross, J. P., 344113 Ross, Stephen, 202118 Ross, Tom, 188 Ruggles, Richard, 289 Ruopp, R., 346n7, 347, 351n16.352n19

Salgupis, Agis, 41 1 Samuelson, P. A, , 14 Santomero, Anthony, 286n4 Saving, Thomas R., 289 Schofield, J. A, , 345115 Schultz, T. W., 303, 314n20 Schwartz, James, 4091152 Schwartzman, D., 1771117 Seabright, Paul, 387n24 Sealey, S. Calvin, 247, 284 Searle, A. D., 344n3, 345n4 Securities and Exchange Commission Annual

Securities Industry Association, Securities In-

Sepielli, P., 305115 Shephard, R. W., 227-28 Sheshinski, E., 169n9 Shleifer, Andrei, 214n18 Sickles, Robin C., 372n4, 382n20, 387n24,

401,423,425-26 Siegel, Donald, 14, 442n28 Siegel, Irving H., 75

Report, 195n1, 196n3

dustry Yearbook, 196n5

551 Author Index

Sinclair, J. H., 133 Singleton, Kenneth, 297n2 Sjoblom, K., 3121114, 314n22 Smith, Dale, A,, 135t Smith, Henry, 161 Sommers, John P., 123 Spady, Richard H., 41 In56 Spence, A. Michael, 202118 Stafford, F. P., 307n6 Stallings, J., 346, 3511113 Steiner, P. O., 186n24 Steiner, Robert L. , 187, 189 Stevenson, Rodney E., 256 Stiglitz, Joseph, 200, 203-4, 2061113, 210 Sturm, P., 130 Summers, Robert, 494111,495,497,499,

Sunga, Preetom S., 289 Survey of Current Business, 8-9, 26, 34n7,

611123, 67n27 Swanson, Joseph A, , 409-1 1 Syrquin M., 169n9

501-3, 509,515

Tajan, M., 464116 Timme, Stephen G., 246, 254 Tobin, James, 12n6, 202, 211, 307, 315 Towey, Richard E., 289 Trajtenberg, Manuel, 456n50 Tretheway, Michael W., 100, 372n4, 381-82,

385, 393n36,406 Triplett, Jack, 65n25, 133, 284-85, 288111,

294, 384,412,430n6 lblly, Shawn, 4091152

Umbeck, I . , 189n29 United Nations, 34n6,40n14, 289,494nl United Nations Statistical Office (UNSO),

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 251, 220n3

374n5,528n2 Handbook of Methods, 1 1 3, 1 1 6, 124

Statistical Abstract of the United States, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 45On41

19511 1 U.S. Department of Commerce, 346 U.S. Department of Labor, 3491110, 350111 1,

U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO),

Usher, Dan, 102nl,400,505

352, 353t

3511115, 3551131

Van Home, J. C., 225118 van Tulder, F., 528112 Vigdor, William R., 41 In56 Vishny, Robert W., 214n18

Waite, C. A., 344113, 345n4 Waite, Preston J., 450nn41,42 Waldorf, William H., 374n5 Walker, Michael A , , 496 Wallis, John J., 161 Warburton, Clark, 289 Waverman, Leonard, 382n20, 383,425 Webb, R. H., 308n8, 3151122 Weber, W., 223 Weisbrod, B. A, , 308118 Welch, Finis, 303nl Welsch, R. E., 231, 2381123 Weyback, D., 112 White, Lawrence J., 385 Whitin, T. M., 170 Wilcox, M., 346, 351n13 Williamson, 0. E., 168 Willis, R. J., 16 Wilson, R., 202118 Windle, Robert J., 372n4 Winsten, C., 165n5, 175 Winston, Clifford, 372n4, 380n12, 388, 396-

Witte, Ann Dryden, 346, 355 Wittink, D. R., 520 Wolf, E. N., 3 Wolfe, B. L., 304n3 Wood, David O., 143 Wyckoff, Andrew, 32,61n22 Wykoff, Frank C., 284-85

97, 399t, 411-12,425

Yaisawamg, S., 2301114,426 Ying, John S., 380n14,411n56 Yntema, Dwight B., 289 Young, Allan H., 65 Yun, K.-Y., 307, 3081111, 3091112

Zaslow, M., 351nn14,17,18, 352n20 Zeckhauser, R., 202n8 Zellner, A., 355 Zieschang, Kimberly D., 221-22, 227,

2281112, 230n14, 239, 248-49, 250n6, 252, 253n15, 263, 283-84, 292, 293n4

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Subject Index

Air transportation industry: ALP growth in, 385; effect of deregulation on, 386-95, 419; hedonic regression analysis for fares, 132-35; input quality and quantity, 400-408; new measures for, 381-82; quality of, 394-97; value of time in, 397-400

ALP. See Average labor productivity Annual survey of manufactures (ASM), 432,

Asset approach (bank output), 247-48, 290-

Automobile insurance, CPI pricing of, 135-

Automobile leases, 143-46 Automobile rental market, 142-46 Average labor productivity (ALP), 376; com-

parison of NIPA and BLS measures, 374-81; growth in airline industry of, 385; growth levels in transportation sec- tor, 37 1-72; measurement for railroads, 408-1 1; transportation sector data, 375- 76

435,449

91

39, 156-57

Banking: characteristics of services in, 286- 87; cost dispersion in, 254-56, 275; im- plicit and explicit revenues, 252-54; maximization of economic profit, 220; measurement in commercial, 245, 274, 287-88; pricing of services, 252

in finance literature, 289; measures of, Bank output: disagreement in choice of, 252;

273-74, 288-89, 293; methods to de- fine, 246-54; production function ap- proaches to, 289-92

Bank production model, 226-41. See also Distance function; Opportunity cost rate

BEA. See Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEN

BLS. See Bureau of Labor Statistics Blue Cross/Blue Shield data, 129-30 Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA): capital

measurement project of, 401-8; compar- ison with BLS output measures, 95-100; criticism of services measures of, 32-33; GPO estimates of, 25-26, 32, 34-39, 61-67, 69-70; improvements in GNP es- timates, 42-61; improvements in GPO data, 61-65; measure of real day-care expenditures, 346-47; measures show industry contribution to GNP, 93; NIPA of, 4 ,25, 314, 374-81,418; transporta- tion measures of, 412-15

sures of, 374-76; comparison with BEA output measures, 95-100; criticism of productivity measures and response by, 101-6; health insurance data of, 129-31; output and employment measures of, 374-82, 41 8; physician service indexes, 117-18; service sector measures of, 78- 89; trucking industry data of, 41 1-12. See also Consumer price index

Bureau of the Census: data used by BEA, 65-

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS): ALP mea-

553

554 Subject Index

Bureau of the Census (continued) 66; data used by BLS, 75-76. See also Census of manufactures (COM): Annual survey of manufactures (ASM)

Call report data, 279 CAOs. See Central administrative offices

Capital gains rate (in user cost price), 220 Capital input: air transportation industry,

400-408; measures of, 412 Capital market imperfections, 222 Category price relatives, 495. See also

(CAOs)

Country-product-dummy method (CPD); E-K-S method

CE. See Consumer expenditure survey (CE) Census of manufactures (COM), 432,442-

45,449. See also Annual survey of man- ufactures (ASM)

44 Central administrative offices (CAOs), 442-

Child-care industry. See Day-care industry Child-rearing investment, 304, 317 COL. See Cost of living index (COL) COM. See Census of manufactures (COM) Commodity production, 3, 496 Communication services: BLS productivity

measures of, 81; productivity growth in,

Competition: among banks, 235-36, 284; ef- fect on store size and market concentra- tion, 175-80; full marginal cost in mo- nopolistic, 173-74; in securities markets,

Computer investment: data for manufacturing sector, 442-45; effect on measurement of manufacturing input, 430-31.459

Consumer: inventory model of demand, 170- 73; may decide quality of service, 5-6; price of time expenditure by, 157, 317; role in distributive trade changes, 168- 80, 185-88, 192. See also User cost

Consumer demand full-price model, 170-73 Consumer expenditure survey (CE), 113-16,

Consumer price index (CPI): home ownership

91-92

198-99

123, 140, 143, 145-46, 349

measurement in, 121-22; improvements in measuring consumer services, 132- 46; improvements in service sector items, 124-32; measures price changes, 1 1 1; quality in measures of, 11 1-13; quality of CPI series, 13; relation to

cost-of-living index, 110-1 1; rental- equivalence technique in, 122-24, 139, 142-46; service items in, 116-21, 124- 32; shift in services component of, 109; in United Nations International Compari- son Project, 495; value of consumer ser- vice in, 142-46; weighting and item structure of, 113-15. See also Consumer expenditure survey (CE); Expenditure classes (ECs); Entry-level items (ELIs); Point-of-purchase survey (POPS)

Consumer services: developing hedonic mod- els for, 134; future improvements in measurement of, 140-46; measuring user cost of, 142

Consumption, public, 519-21 Cost-function approach (MFP growth), 382-

Cost function (bank), 257 Cost of living index (COL), 110-1 1 Country-product-dummy method (CPD), 495,

CPI. See Consumer price index (CPI) Current point-of-purchase survey (CPOPS),

83

497

146

Data envelopment analysis (DEA), 257 Data sources: for analyzing real output of

banks, 221; annual survey of manufac- tures (ASM), 432,435,449-50; for bank production model, 227, 231, 279; BLS examination for deficiencies, 76- 78; for capital input in airline industry, 401; census of manufactures (COM), 432, 449-50,456; for CPI health insur- ance pricing, 129-32; criticism of BLS collection for, 103; for day-care output analysis, 347-50, 363-66; FCA (func- tional cost analysis) program, Federal Reserve system, 250-5 1,253-54; for foreign outsourcing, 445, 447; for indus- try output measurement, 75-76; longitu- dinal research data base (LRD), 431-32, 451; to measure lifetime labor income, 305; measurement errors in, 26, 69; need for expanded data collection by, 66-67; NIPA and BLS discrepancies, 374-8 1 ; for pricing of insurance, 137-38; prob- lem of labor input, 77-78; for productiv- ity in transportation sector, 374-8 1 ; quality of CPI series, 13; segments of service sector requiring improvement,

555 Subject Index

70; for services in ICP, 495-96; for transportation sector analysis, 374-82

Day-care industry: adjustment of output for quality, 358-60; output measurement for, 344-47; pricing of services in, 354; quality analysis of, 350-61, 366-67

DEA. See Data envelopment analysis (DEA) Decontrol Act (1981), 284 Deregulation: of bank deposits, 252, 263; ef-

fect on airline industry, 408, 419; effect on banking, 235-36, 245-46, 27lt, 273t, 275-77, 284; effect on stock ex- changes, 198; effect on transportation in- dustry, 380,411-12,416,418

Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), 140-41 Disaggregation method (in CPI construction),

Dispersion: of cost in banking, 254-56, 275; of productivity and profitability in French firms, 474-83

Distance function: in bank output analysis, 227-29; estimating, 230-3 1; use for esti- mates of, 221-22, 242

Distributive trades: development of, 165, 168; differences in production function of, 188-89; growth of, 161-65; measuring services of, 193; productivity change in, 188-89; quality and composition of workforce in, 162-65. See also Grocery stores; Middlemen; Retail firms; Super- markets

95

118-21, 149-50

Double deflation procedure, 42-50,62, 93,

DRGs. See diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) Durable good theory: in automobile purchase,

142; for home ownership, 121-22. See also Flow-of services approach

Economic growth measurement, 3 14 Economic Statistics Initiative (1992), 67 Economies of massed reserves, 62; for retail

firm production function, 169, 192-93 ECs. See Expenditure classes (ECs) Education sector: differences in cost- and

income-based estimates of, 315-16; esti- mates of investment in, 310-15; human capital as product of, 303; international comparisons of spending for, 499-501, 514-15; measuring output of, 317-20; productivity measurement for, 3 16; value in current and constant prices for, 328t, 329t. See also School enrollment

E-K-S method, 495,497 Electric, gas, and sanitary services: BLS pro-

ductivity measures for, 75, 81-83; pro- ductivity growth in, 91-93

ELIs. See Entry-level items (ELIs) Employee hours index, 74-76 Employment data: of BLS and NIPA for

transportation sector, 379-80; of Bureau of the Census, 76; requirement for im- provement in, 71

Entry-level items (ELIs), 113-16, 118-20 Expenditure classes (ECs), 116-18 Externalities (banking), 245-46

FAA. See Functional cost analysis (FCA) pro-

Fertility behavior, 316-17 Finance, insurance, and real estate service

measure, 85, 87-89 Financial firm model, 223-26 Financial services, 220, 222-23; measure-

gram, Federal Reserve System

ment and pricing of input and output of, 296-300. See also Banking

Financial services bundle, 220, 224-26 Flow-of-services approach, 122-24, 139,

142-46. See also User cost; Rental equivalence

Frontier cost function, 256-57. See also Thick-frontier cost function

Full marginal cost (FMC), 173-74 Full price: model of consumer demand, 170-

Functional cost analysis (FCA) program, Fed- 73; supermarket, 186

eral Reserve System, 250-51, 253-54, 279

Government services: international compari- son of spending for, 499-502, 514-15; measurement of output of, 519-27

GPO estimates. See Gross product originating (GPO) estimates

Grocery stores, 180, 182; changes in output mix, 185-88; composition of work force, 182-85

Gross national product (GNP): current- and constant-dollar industry estimates of, 39-62; evaluation of source data for, 26; growth of service industry share in, 27- 30; recalculation of Swedish, 537-39. See also Gross product originating (GPO) estimates

556 Subject Index

Gross product originating (GPO) estimates: current-dollar, 34-39; improvement pro- gram, 61-67, 69-70; issues in, 25-26; services industries in, 26-32

Growth accounting method, 453-54

Health Care Financing Administration

Heath insurance: CPI pricing method for, 124, 129-32, 156-57

Hedonic regression analysis: for hospital and physician services, 139-40; to measure quality changes in CPI, 132-34, 146

Heterogeneity: of bank loans, 294; in produc- tivity and profitability in French firms, 474-83; in services sector, 3, 7, 19

Home ownership: BLS changes to component for, 122-23, 146; durable good theory in CPI, 121-22. See also Rental equiva- lence

(HCFA), 129-30

Homogeneity, in services sector, 7 Housing, rental value, 502-3 Human capital: differences in cost- and

income-based approaches to, 3 15-16; education as investment in, 303-4; in- vestment in other forms, 304, 316-17; measurement of investment in, 305, 314; as output of education, 39

ICP. See United Nations International Com-

Imputation procedure. See Linking procedure Indexes: for air transportation, 81f; BLS ser-

vice sector, 75-76, 117-18; for gas and electric utilities, 82, 83f; of labor pro- ductivity, 74-76; measurement basis for output, 75-76; quality, 355, 362; quan- tity, 242, 298; superlative 64-65, 69. See also Output indexes

originating (GPO) estimates

parison Project (ICP)

Industry GNP estimates. See Gross product

Industry measures of productivity, 73-74 Inefficiency: approaches to measuring, 256-

66; effects of changes in, 274-75; pos- sible explanations of bank, 281-83. See also Data envelopment analysis (DEA); Thick-frontier cost function

Information: bank’s role in providing, 222; outputs of stock exchanges related to, 197-98; value in managerial decision making, 21 1-14; value in stock prices, 200-1 1

Infrastructure investment, 419 Input: BEA improvements in estimates for,

51-52;.BLS commercial banking, 88; data problems for labor, 77-78; to educa- tional system, 304; factors influencing measurement of manufacturing, 429-33; for financial, insurance, and real estate, 85, 87-89; growth at stock exchanges member firms, 196-97; for trade sector, 82-85. See also Capital input

Input, intermediate: deflators and estimates of, 51-52; service sector share of, 27, 30-32

shops, 88-89; BLS communications, 81; BLS electric, gas, and sanitary services, 81-82; BLS retail trade, 85; BLS trans- portation industry, 80-81

model, 223-26; classification of firm’s, 101-2; of banks, 284-85, 287-88.296; requirement for adjustment in tables for,

Input measures: BLS automotive repair

Input-output: analysis for financial firm

70-71 INSEE. See National Institute of Statistics

Interest rate (in user cost price), 220 Intermediation services, bank, 247 International Comparison Project (ICP). See

and Economic Studies (INSEE), France

United Nations International Comparison Project (ICP)

Inventory costs, 170-71, 179 Inventory model of consumer demand, 170-

73

Labor activities, 312-14, 325-27t Labor activities, market: current and constant

dollar value for, 306, 324-25t; in esti- mates of educational investment, 31 1; in estimates of human wealth value, 313- 14, 338t. See nlso Labor (or work) time

Labor activities, nonmarket: allocation of time among, 307; comparison of two es- timates of, 315, 338t; in estimates of educational investment, 31 1-12; value in current and constant prices for, 304-5, 307-8, 316, 326-27t

Labor income, 307-9. See also Lifetime labor

Labor (or work) time, 306-8 Labor productivity: effect on size and focus of

income

retail firms, 185-88; growth in distribu- tive trades of, 165-67; positive relation

557 Subject Index

to store size, 175-77; in service sector, 3. See also Average labor productivity (ALP); Multifactor productivity (MFP)

Labor productivity measures: BLS bank, 273-74; computation of, 73-76; criti- cism of BLS, 101-6; as information source, 104

Lifetime labor income: measurement of, 305- 9; and educational attainment, 310, 315

Linking procedure, 112-13, 132 Longitudinal research data base (LRD), 431-

32

Malmquist quantity index, 298 Managerial compensation model, 201-4 Marginal holding cost function (MHC), 171 Measurement problems: in commercial bank-

ing, 245, 274-75; in financial services, 220, 223

Medical services: alternatives to pricing indi- vidual, 140-42; international compari- sons for spending on, 499-501; measur- ing price and quality of, 139-40, 156; pricing across countries, 500-501; pric- ing alternatives for, 140-42; pricing in CPI of, 156-57

Middlemen: function of, 161-62; increased specialization of, 164-65

Multifactor productivity (MFP): computation of capital quality changes, 403-8; con- ceptual issues for, 382-85; development of BLS measures of, 104; growth of, 372, 384-85; indexes for trucking indus- try, 412-15; measures for railroads, 408- 1 1 ; new BLS and NIPA measures for, 381-82; produced by Bureau of Labor Statistics, 74; and transportation growth, 403-8,415-19

National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), 344, 351

National income and product accounts (NIPA), 314; measures of, 374-82; out- put revisions, 418; transportation sector data of, 375-76

National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), France, 461

Not-for-profit organizations (NPOs), 346, 354-55

NPOs. See Not-for-profit organizations (NPOs)

Operating manufacturing establishments

Opportunity cost of capital (in user cost

Opportunity cost rate: in differing accounting

(OMEs), 44-44

price), 220, 297-98

systems, 221; modeling of, 229-30; in user cost formula, 241-42

Output: adjustment for quality in day-care in- dustry, 358-61; air transport quality of, 394-408; asset approach to measuring and defining bank, 246-48, 290-91; of bank financial services, 222-26; defini- tion of service, 496; deflation for service sector in BEA data, 42-5 1; effect of hubbing on air transport service quality, 386-94; improvement of gross estimates of BEA, 43; intermediate (for railroads and trucking), 4 1 1 ; measurement of edu- cational system, 304-5; measurement of final, 189; quality changes in airline in- dustry, 386-97; of securities markets, 197-202; user cost approach to measur- ing bank, 248-50, 291; value-added ap- proach to measuring bank, 250-54, 274, 290,298-99

Output indexes, 74-76, 81-84 Output measures: of BLS and BEA, com-

pared, 93, 95-100; BLS communica- tions, 81; BLS electric, gas and sanitary, 8 1-82; BLS fire, insurance, and real es- tate, 85-88; BLS retail trade, 82-85; BLS service sector, 88; BLS transporta- tion series, 80; for trucking industry, 411-15

Outsourcing: effect on measurement of manu- facturing input, 429-30; measurement of, 453-56; proxies to measure manufac- turing sector, 444-49

Physician services index, 117-18 PMOs. See Profit-making organizations

Point-of-purchase survey (POPS), 115-16. (PMOs)

See also Current point-of-purchase sur- vey (CPOPS)

Poisson distribution, services sector, 169-70 PPPs. See Purchasing power parities (PPPs) PPS methodology. See Probability proportion-

ate to size (PPS) Price: coverage in services sector for, 6-7;

effect in retail firms of competition in, 175-80; measurement of medical ser-

558 Subject Index

Price (continued) vice, 156-57; measuring consumers’ time, 157; of services in international comparison, 497-98. See also Full price; Linking procedure

Price changes: comparing new service with old, 132-34; in CPI, 111-13, 123; im- provements in CPI measures for, 146; measurement in services sector of, 109; selection of items in CPI for, 116-21

Price indexes, 70 Pricing: of automobile leases, 145-46; of

bank financial services, 222-26; BLS and CPI methods for health insurance, 129-32, 156-57; in CPI of automobile and tenants’ insurance, 135-39, 156-57; in monopolistically competitive store, 173-75; of service items in CPI, 116-21

Probability proportionate to size (PPS), 114- 115, 117

Producer price index (PPI), 6 Productivity: BLS measures of, 73-74, 78-

89; causes for changes in transportation, 383-85; changing levels of, 68; in France, 474-83; growth levels of, 20, 25; industry measures of, 73-74; in ser- vices, 1, 3,6 , 25, 68-69; in Sweden, 528-39. See also Average labor produc- tivity (ALP); Multifactor productivity (MFP); Total factor productivity (TFP)

Productivity measures: of Bureau of Labor Statistics, 73-74, 85, 87-89, 93; charac- teristics of, 76-78; criticism of BLS, 101-2; labor productivity measures in BLS program, 104; service industries covered by BLS, 79-80t. See also Labor productivity measures

Profitability, 474-83 Profit-making organizations (PMOS), 346,

Purchasing power parities (PPPs), 496-503

Quality: in air transport output, 394-408; de- pendence of service activity on, 5-6; in- dicators in airline industry of, 394-400; measurement for Swedish public sector output analysis, 525-27; productivity ef- fects of air transport hubbing, 386-94; of replacement services, 11 1; of retail work force, 164; specification in interna- tional comparison, 514-515

354-55

Quality change: and CPI, 11 1-13, 139-40; in health insurance data, 13 1-32; hedonic regression analysis to measure, 132-40; methods for, 112-13; in multifactor pro- ductivity analysis, 383-85. See also Linking procedure

Quality index, day-care industry, 355, 362 Quantity indexes, Tornqvist, 242 Queueing theory, 192-93

Railroads: measurement of ALP and MFP in, 408-1 1; new measures for multifactor productivity in, 381-82

Ramsey rule, 174 Regulation: of day-care centers, 351; effect

on bank activities, 222-23, 245; protec- tion mechanism of, 281-82. See also Deregulation

46; cross-country comparison of, 502-3; measurement to separate service from as- set, 142-46; measure of home owner- ship, 122-24, 146

Rental equivalence: automobile leases, 143-

Replacement services, 11 1 Reserve requirement (banks), 223 Retail firms: BLS output index for, 75; econo-

mies of massed reserves in, 169-70, 192-93; output of, 165-68; production function of, 168-69. See also Grocery stores; Supermarkets

54 Revenues, bank (implicit and explicit), 252-

School enrollment, 312, 323t Securities markets, 196-200 Service bundles: changing structure of, 162;

in financial services, 220, 224-26; of re- tail firms, 168, 188

for, 88-90; consumers’ time in measur- ing price of, 157; contribution to produc- tivity, 68-69; criticisms of BEA mea- sures of, 32-33; defined, 4-6,494, 496, 504-7; differences in data among coun- tries for, 503-14; exit and entry in France of, 483; factors influencing man- ufacturing sector input, 429-33; in GPO estimates, 26-32; homogenous and het- erogenous, 7 , 19; ICP compared to na- tional accounts, 504; measurement of productivity and price in, 6-7, 157;

Services sector: BLS productivity measures

559 Subject Index

measurement of industries in, 78-79, 344-45; methods to separate asset from, 142; nonpriced, 499-501,514; output and production, 496; problems in cross- country comparisons of, 500-503; slow growth in, 1, 3-4; in United Nations In- ternational Comparison Project, 496- 503. See also Banking; Retail firms; Stock exchanges; Transportation sector

Shadow price, and opportunity cost rafe, 221- 22, 228-29, 242. See also Distance function

Shephard-Hotelling lemma, 228 SIC codes. See Standard industrial classifica-

tion (SIC) code changes SIPP data. See Survey of income and pro-

gram and participation (SIPP) data Social benefit analyses, 523-24 Standard industrial classification (SIC) code

Stock exchanges, 195-96, 198. See also In- changes, 76

formation; securities markets; Stock prices

4; model of information gathering and trading, 200-201, 204-7

on, 201-4; value of information in, 200- 21 1

Stock market: with fully rational price, 201-

Stock prices: managerial compensation based

Superlative indexes, 64-65, 69 Supermarkets: changes in output, 188; factors

contributing to increase in, 175-88. See also Grocery stores

Survey of income and program and participa- tion (SIPP) data, 347

Surveys: CPI consumer expenditure, 1 13-15; CPI current point-of-purchase survey, 146; CPI point-of-purchase, 115-16; French system for services, 463-66

Teachers (cross-country comparison), 501 Technology: effect on stock exchanges of

new, 198; impact on retail firm functions and size, 162, 168-70, 179-80; innova- tion in goods-producing industries, 188

Tenants’ insurance, 135-39 TFP. See Total factor productivity (TFP) Thick-frontier cost function: estimates and

benefits of, 257-58; shift over time in, 266-75; specification of, 258-59

Time: allocation of, 307; price of consumer

expenditure of, 157; as quality attribute in airline industry, 397-400; of shopper in distributive trades, 192; value of mar- ket and nonmarket, 304-5, 307-8, 312- 14, 316. See also Labor (or work) time

Tornqvist indexes, 74, 242, 298-99 Total factor productivity (TFP), 165, 188; cal-

culation of growth, 453-54, 458-59; in distributive trades, 165; measurement er- rors in growth, 433-35; measuring, 101- 3; relationship between growth and mea- sures of service-sector inputs, 454-56; usefulness of measures, 101; value of measures of, 101-02

82-87; productivity growth in, 91-93 Trade sector: BLS productivity measures in,

Training, on-the-job, 317 Transaction costs: approach in analysis using,

286; bank role to reduce, 222 Transportation sector: BLS productivity mea-

sures of, 78-81; flow-of-services in CPI, 142-46; growth of output per hour, 373t; new multifactor productivity measures for, 381-82; productivity growth in, 70, 91-92; value of consumed, 142-46. See also Air transportation industry; Auto- mobile rental market; Railroads; Truck- ing industry

Trucking industry: measurement of output and employment in, 41 1-15; new measures for, 381-82; nominal and real output data, 379t

Unit costs (bank), 279-81 United Nations International Comparison Proj-

ect (ICP), 494-500 United Nations system of national accounts

(SNA) convention, 497 User cost: components in financial services

of, 220; as price of financial services, 224; methodology, 142-46, 248-50, 291-92. 297

Value: of air travel time, 397-400; of con- sumed transportation services, 142-46; for education, 315, 328-29t; estimates of wealth, 313-14; 336-337t; of infor- mation, 200-11; of market and nonmar- ket labor activities, 306-8, 313-14, 316, 324-27t, 338t; as measure of quality,

560 Subject Index

Value (conrinued) 397-400; of on-the-job training, 317; of rental housing, 502-3

274, 290, 298-99 Value-added approach, 69-70, 93, 250-54,

Wealth, human: definition and estimates of, 313, 334-3%; estimates based on life- time labor incomes, 313-14, 338t; val- ues per person in current and constant prices, 313, 336-37t

Weights: for analysis of Swedish public sector output, 523-25; in BLS trade sector measures, 82-84; in CPI construction, 11, 113-15, 123, 129, 135-36;forex- penditure in CPI, 135; in flow-of-ser- vices approach, 145-46; in shift from direct to indirect pricing, 138-39; use in BLS measures of. 107

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