list of abstract
TRANSCRIPT
The International scientific conference "REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, SPATIAL PLANNING ANDSTRATEGIC GOVERNANCE", Belgrade, Serbia on 7th and 8th December 2009
The list of abstracts approved by the Scientific Board of the Institute ofArchitecture and Urban&Spatial Planning of Serbia
.....................................................
Medjunarodni naučni skup "REGIONALNI RAZVOJ, PROSTORNO PLANIRANJE I STRATEŠKOUPRAVLJANJE", Beograd, 7. i 8. decembar 2009. godine
Lista apstrakata potvrđena od strane Naučnog veća Instituta zaarhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije
August, 2009 / avgust, 2009.
A. EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES AND DOCUMENTS AND THEIRIMPLICATION ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................... 1
A. EVROPSKE RAZVOJNE INICIJATIVE I DOKUMENTI, I NJIHOV UTICAJ NAREGIONALNI RAZVOJ ......................................................................................................................... 1
Robert Knippschild .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
TERRITORIAL COHESION IN EUROPE’S BORDER REGIONS – PROMISING PERSPECTIVE OR WISHFUL THINKING? ............... 1
Dominic Stead........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
SPATIAL PLANNING REFORMS IN EUROPE: CAN WE EXPECT CONVERGENCE? ............................................................................... 1
Rosalina Grumo, Aleksandar Lugonja ................................................................................................................................................................... 2
STRATEGIC APPROACH OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING. INTERNATIONAL CASES. .......................................................... 2
Dimitris Foutakis, Elisavet Thoidou ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2
TOWARDS RE-REFORMING THE EU COHESION POLICY: KEY ISSUES IN THE DEBATE AND SOME THOUGHTS ONPERIPHERAL REGIONS. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Miodrag Vujošević, Slavka Zeković, Tamara Maričić .......................................................................................................................................... 3
UNDERMINED TERRITORIAL CAPITAL OF SERBIA. SOME FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PREDICTIBLE SCENARIOS..................... 3
NARUŠENI TERITORIJALNI KAPITAL SRBIJE. NEKI BUDUĆI IZGLEDI I PREDVIDLJIVI SCENARIJI ............................................... 3
Milorad Filipović, Miroljub Hadžić ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
THE NATURE OF CURRENT CRISIS IN SERBIA - Internal vs International Impact ...................................................................................... 4
Yogesh Kumar.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
LAPSES IN NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME IMPLEMENTATION: EVIDENCES FROM FIELD ............. 5
Ana Lídia Virtudes, Ana Maria Martins ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
FROM THE PLAN TO THE CITY: CHALLENGES IN PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................ 5
Topaloglou Lefteris, Kallioras Dimitris, Venieris Stefanos................................................................................................................................... 6
TRACING THE DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC CROSS-BORDER INTERACTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ............................. 6
Tadeusz Kopys.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION IN THE EAST EUROPE AND THE BALKAN REGION ...................................................................... 6
Samo Drobne, Anka Lisec, Miha Konjar, Alma Zavodnik Lamovšek and Andrej Pogačnik ........................................................................... 7
FUNCTIONAL VS. ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS – CASE OF SLOVENIA................................................................................................. 7
Vassilis Monastiriotis, George Petrakos ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
LOCAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL COHESION IN THE POST-TRANSITION BALKANS: POLICY ISSUESAND SOME THEORY......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Ksenija Petovar ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC GOOD IN SPATIAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT................................................................................ 8
KONCEPT JAVNOG DOBRA U PLANIRANJU I UREĐENJU PROSTORA................................................................................................... 8
Zorica Nedović-Budić............................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
SPATIALLY-ENABLED E-GOVERNANCE: THE ROADMAP AND MILESTONES .................................................................................... 9
Veljko Mijić .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
THE POWER OF LOCAL WILL -WHAT IF ASKED WHAT WAS WE WOULD LIKE TO HAVE ACHIEVED?........................................ 9
Riki Therivel, Tijana Crnčević .............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY IN PLANNING: ENGLISH AND SERBIAN EXPERIENCES.................................................................. 10
OSTVARIVANJE ODRŽIVOSTI U PLANIRANJU: ISKUSTVA ENGLESKE I SRBIJE............................................................................... 10
Ijaz Ahmad, Ihsan Ullah Bajwa ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10
CONCEPT OF REGION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PAKISTAN.................................................................................................................. 10
Ijaz Ahmad, Shaker Mahmood ............................................................................................................................................................................. 11
FAILURE OF REGIONAL PLANS IN PAKISTAN; A CASE STUDY OF MULTAN BAHAWALPUR REGION ....................................... 11
Dane Pejnović, Petra Radeljak, Luka Valožić...................................................................................................................................................... 11
PROBLEMI I INSTRUMENTI REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA HRVATSKE U UVJETIMA PRIDRUŽIVANJA EUROPSKOJ UNIJI.......... 11
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND INSTRUMENTS IN CROATIA UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ACCESSION TO THEEUROPEAN UNION ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Pietro Elisei ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
THE USE OF ERDF (EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND) THROUGH INTEGRATED PLANS IN ROMANIA: REALNEEDS OF URBAN RENEWAL AND THE DISTANT STRATEGIES OF POLICY/POLITICS MAKERS. ................................................ 13
Alma Zavodnik Lamovšek, Samo Drobne............................................................................................................................................................ 14
ACCESSIBILITY TO THE PUBLIC SERVICES AS A TOOL TO ACHIEVE THE POLYCENTRIC REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT INSLOVENIA ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Dragan Dunčić, Krčum Nenad .............................................................................................................................................................................. 14
JAVNO I PRIVATNO PARTNERSTVO U OBLASTI KOMUNALNIH DELATNOSTI ................................................................................ 14
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE AREA OF PUBLIC-UTILITY SERVICES ..................................................................... 14
B. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA....................................................................................... 15
B. REGIONALNI RAZVOJ SRBIJE ........................................................................................................ 15Marija Nikolić, Vesna Popović, Jasna Petrić....................................................................................................................................................... 15
EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL POLICY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR SERBIAN STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTPRIORITIES....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
EVROPSKA POLJOPRIVREDNA I RURALNA POLITIKA I NJEN ZNAČAJ ZA ODREĐIVANJE STRATEŠKIH RAZVOJNIHPRIORITETA SRBIJE........................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Borislav Stojkov...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
INSTITUCIONALNI OKVIR PROSTORNOG RAZVOJA I PLANIRANJA U SRBIJI................................................................................... 16
THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING IN SERBIA................................................... 17
Živanović Zora, Trkulja Siniša ............................................................................................................................................................................. 17
METODOLOGIJA IZRADE REGIONALNIH PROSTORNIH PLANOVA U SRBIJI I POREĐENJE SA HRVATSKOM I FRANCUSKOM............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANS ELABORATION METHODOLOGY IN SERBIA AND COMPARISON WITH CROATIA AND FRANCE............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Ljiljana Vasilevska, Milanka Vasić...................................................................................................................................................................... 17
STRATEŠKO PLANIRANJE KAO MEHANIZAM POLITIKE REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA....................................................................... 17
Anđelija Cvetić ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
STANJE "TREĆEG" SEKTORA U SRBIJI I NJEGOVA OSPOSOBLJENOST ZA UČESTVOVANJE U STRATEŠKIM ODLUKAMA IPLANIRANJU.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
THE 3RD SECTOR SITUATION IN SERBIA, ITS CAPACITY FOR PARTICIPATION IN STRATEGIC DECISIONS AND PLANNING. 18
Hedayat Omidvar ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
PROSPECT OF NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY IN IRAN.................................................................................................................................. 18
Paolo Tomasella...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
THE REQUALIFICATION PROCESS OF THE SMALL HISTORICAL CENTRES IN FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA REGION WITH THESUPPORT OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES............................................................................................................................................................ 19
Orna Rosenfeld....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
GOVERNANCE OF RELOCATION - Implementation and management of residential relocation processes within the Housing MarketRenewal Programme in England -....................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Lana Slavuj, Marin Cvitanović, Vedran Prelogović ............................................................................................................................................ 21
APPEARANCE OF CONFLICT SPACES IN ZAGEB DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD ..................................................................... 21
POJAVA KONFLIKTNIH PROSTORA U ZAGREBU TIJEKOM TRANZICIJE............................................................................................ 21
Geoffrey I Nwaka ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
PLANNING SUSTAINABLE CITIES IN AFRICA........................................................................................................................................... 22
Branko AJ Turnšek, Ljiljana Jevremović ........................................................................................................................................................... 22
PROSTORNI RAZMEŠTAJ CENTARA ZAJEDNICE SELA I OPREMLJENOST INFRASTRUKTURNIM OBJEKTIMA I SISTEMIMANA PRIMERU RURALNOG PROSTORA GRADA NIŠA............................................................................................................................... 22
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL COMMUNITY CENTRES AND EQUIPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES ANDSYSTEMS ON EXAMPLE OF RURAL SPACE ON TERRITORY OF CITY OF NIS.................................................................................... 23
Aradom Gebrekidan Abbay .................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
AN ABSTRACT ON THE ROLE OF EMERGING TOWNS IN IMPROVING RURAL LIVELIHOODS THROUGH MARKET ANDEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY IN SEHARTI SAMRE WOREDA, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA ........................................................................ 23
Ahmed Saeid, Robert Masztalski .......................................................................................................................................................................... 24
SPATIAL SYNTACTIC PROPERTIES OF URBAN STRUCTURE IN SMALL TOWNS OF ........................................................................ 24
LOWER SILESIA REGION............................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Ahmed Saeid........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
GLOBAL CENTRALITY VERSES LOCAL CENTRALITY IN THE URBAN NETWORK OF WROCLAW.............................................. 24
Vera Backović ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
REGIONALNE RAZLIKE U POSTSOCIJALISTIČKOJ SRBIJI ..................................................................................................................... 25
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN POST SOCIALIST SERBIA ......................................................................................................................... 25
Douglas M. Cotner ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
THE URBAN ECOLOGICAL ENTROPIC BLACK HOLE “The Cities That Can Devour the Earth”.............................................................. 25
Dragutin Tošić, Marija Maksin-Mićić ................................................................................................................................................................. 26
FUNCTIONAL URBAN REGIONS AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA. 26
FUNKCIONALNO-URBANI REGIONI KAO INSTRUMENT URAVNOTEŽENOG RAZVOJA SRBIJE .................................................. 26
Dragutin Tošić, Nikola Krunić, Jasna Petrić....................................................................................................................................................... 26
DNEVNI URBANI SISTEMI U FUNKCIJI PROSTORNE ORGANIZACIJE SRBIJE.................................................................................... 26
DAILY URBAN SYSTEMS IN FUNCTION OF SPATIAL ORGANISATION OF SERBIA .......................................................................... 27
Slavka Zeković........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
REGIONALNA KONKURENTNOST I TERITORIJALNI RAZVOJ INDUSTRIJE U SRBIJI ....................................................................... 27
REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY IN SERBIA .................................................. 28
Igor Marić, Ana Bogdanov, Božidar Manić ......................................................................................................................................................... 28
TRANSFORMACIJA SEOSKIH NASELJA I UNAPREĐENJE STANOVANJA NA SELU U SRBIJI......................................................... 28
TRANSFORMATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS AND RURAL HOUSING IMPROVEMENT IN SERBIA.......................................... 28
Vesna Jokić, Ksenija Petovar ................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
SOCIJALNA ISKLJUČENOST I OBRAZOVANJE....................................................................................................................................... 29
SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND EDUCATION .................................................................................................................................................. 29
Marija Maksin-Mićić, Saša Milijić, Marina Nenković-Riznić............................................................................................................................. 29
PROSTORNO I ENVAJERONMENTALNO PLANIRANJE U FUNKCIJI ODRŽIVOG REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA................................ 29
SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS......................... 30
Koviljko Lovre, Milivoj Gajić, Stanislav Zekić .................................................................................................................................................... 31
THE POLICY OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGRO-ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION IN THE WEST BALKANCOUNTRIES ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
POLITIKA ODRŽIVOG RURALNOG RAZVOJA I ZAŠTITA AGRO-OKRUŽENJA U ZEMLJAMA ZAPADNOG BALKANA.............. 31
Velimir Šećerov, Marija Nevenić ......................................................................................................................................................................... 31
MODEL FUNKCIONALNIH URBANIH PODRUČJA U SRBIJI DANAS...................................................................................................... 31
FUNCTIONAL URBAN AREAS MODEL IN SERBIA TODAY..................................................................................................................... 32
Ana Čarapić, Sanja Simonović ............................................................................................................................................................................. 32
OD KONCEPTA ELEMENTARNE ARHITEKTURE DO MEGASTRUKTURE: KRITIČKA EVALUACIJA NA MODELU SOCIJALNOGSTANOVANJA .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32
BETWEEN CONCEPT OF THE ELEMENTAL ARCHITECTURE AND MEGASTRUCTURE: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF SOCIALHOUSING MODELS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Ružica Bogdanović, Ranka Gajić ......................................................................................................................................................................... 33
ODRŽIVO KORIŠĆENJE GRADSKOG ZEMLJIŠTA - STANOVIŠTE MORFOLOŠKOG ASPEKTA (primer - pilot projekat programa zaizradu Urbanističkog plana Brankovine)* ........................................................................................................................................................... 33
SUSTAINABLE URBAN LAND USE - MORPHOLOGY ASPECT (example - pilot project of the program for Brankovina Urban Plan).... 33
Nataša Z. Krstić...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
ANALIZA OBLASTI PROSTORNO PLANIRANJE U OKVIRU ZAKONA O PLANIRANJU I IZGRADNJI REPUBLIKE SRBIJE IPREDLOGA ZAKONA O UREDJENJU PROSTORA I IZGRADNJI REPUBLIKE SRBIJE.......................................................................... 34
SPATIAL PLANNING ANALYSIS AREAS WITHIN THE LAW ON THE PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE REPUBLIC OFSERBIA AND PROPOSAL OF LAW ON INTERIOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA .................... 34
Mina Petrović.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
PERSPEKTIVE REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA – POGLED ODOZDO ............................................................................................................. 35
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT - BOTTOM UP PERSPECTIVE...................................................................................................................... 35
Tanja Obradović .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
PLAN PARCELACIJE KAO INSTRUMENT ZA ODRŽIVU IZGRADNJU, URBANI I REGIONALNI RAZVOJ ...................................... 35
PARCELATION PLAN LIKE INSTRUMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE BUILDING, URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ............ 35
Nada Lazarević Bajec............................................................................................................................................................................................. 36
LOKALNO STRATEŠKO PLANIRANJE U SRBIJI: EVALUACIJA REZULTATA...................................................................................... 36
LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING IN SERBIA: THE EVALUATION OF RESULTS ................................................................................... 36
Mila Pavlović, Aleksandar Radivojević, Ilić Bratislav....................................................................................................................................... 37
PROSTORNO-FUNKCIONALNI RAZVOJ SOKOBANJE.............................................................................................................................. 37
SPATIAL-FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOKOBANJA ..................................................................................................................... 37
Svetlana Trajković ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 37
IMPLEMENTACIJA DRUŠTVENE ODGOVORNOSTI ORGANIZACIJA.................................................................................................... 37
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY.................................................................................................. 37
Ljiljana Stošić-Mihajlović...................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
OPTIMALNI MODEL RAZVOJA ODRŽIVE TRŽIŠNE EKONOMIJE I KORPORACIJSKA ODGOVORNOST...................................... 38
OPTIMUM MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE MARKET ECONOMY AND CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY ................. 38
Marina Petrović...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
OSNOVNI PRISTUPI TRŽIŠNOM MODELU ZEMLJIŠNE POLITIKE I STANJE U SRBIJI ...................................................................... 39
THE BASIC APPROACHES TO THE MARKET MODEL OF LAND USE POLICY AND CONDITION IN SERBIA ............................... 39
Majda Adlešić ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
ODRŽIVOST KONCEPTA IDEJE “VRTNI GRAD” U PROCESU REVITALIZACIJE SELA primer naselja Kulpin u Vojvodini ............ 39
THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CONCEPT OF THE IDEA OF A “GARDEN CITY” IN THE PROCES OF COUNTRYREVITALIZATION - An Example of the Settlement of Kulpin in Vojvodina ..................................................................................................... 40
Dejana Nedučin, Olga Carić, Vladimir Kubet ..................................................................................................................................................... 40
INFLUENCES OF GENTRIFICATION ON IDENTITY SHIFT OF AN URBAN FRAGMENT - A CASE STUDY..................................... 40
UTICAJ DŽENTRIFIKACIJE NA PROMENU IDENTITETA URBANOG FRAGMENTA - STUDIJA SLUČAJA..................................... 41
Danica Stanković, Sonja Krasić ........................................................................................................................................................................... 41
SEOSKO PODRUČJE NA TERITORIJI GRADA NIŠA - PRIRODNO I KULTURNO NASLEĐE KAO TURISTIČKI POTENCIJAL UKONTEKSTU REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA .................................................................................................................................................... 41
THE RURAL AREA IN THE CITY OF NIS TERRITORY – NATURAL AND CULTURAL ESTATE AS TOURIST POTENTIAL IN THECONTEXT OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 41
C. SPATIAL PLANNING OF SPECIAL PURPOSE AREAS AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT42
C. PROSTORNO PLANIRANJE PODRUČJA SA POSEBNOM NAMENOM I REGIONALNIRAZVOJ .................................................................................................................................................. 42
Nenad Spasić, Tamara Maričić, Vesna Jokić, ...................................................................................................................................................... 42
UPRAVLJANJE PROSTORNIM RAZVOJEM U ZONAMA VELIKIH STRUKTURNIH PROMENA ........................................................ 42
MANAGING SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ZONES WITH BIG STRUCTURAL CHANGES ................................................................... 42
Elisavet Thoidou..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
THE MULTIFACETED ROLE OF TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT: POTENTIALITIES FOR REGIONALPOLICY FORMATION...................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Dragana Dunčić ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
PROSTORNI PLANOVI SAOBRAĆAJNIH INFRASTRUKTURNIH KORIDORA KAO FAKTOR POVEĆANJA PRISTUPAČNOSTITERITORIJE ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
SPATIAL PLANS OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURAL CORRIDORS AS A FACTOR IN ................................................................... 43
INCREASING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF THE COUNTRY ........................................................................................................................... 43
Svetlana Vukanović, Despina Syrri...................................................................................................................................................................... 44
CORRIDOR X, A EUROPEAN ROAD TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL COHESION........................................................... 44
Stevan M. Stanković, Jelena I. Jošanović ............................................................................................................................................................ 45
TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA JEZERA ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
TOURISTIC VALORIZATION OF LAKES...................................................................................................................................................... 45
Nenad Spasić, Gordana Džunić, Jasmina Đurđević............................................................................................................................................. 45
KONFLIKTI I OGRANIČENJA U PROSTORNOM RAZVOJU RUDARSKIH BASENA ............................................................................. 45
CONFLICTS AND LIMITATIONS IN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF MINING BASINS .......................................................................... 46
Nevena Vasiljević, Jelena Živković ....................................................................................................................................................................... 46
NOVI PRISTUP VREDNOSTIMA PREDELA U STRATEGIJI PROSTORNOG RAZVOJA SRBIJE - KORAK KA IMPLEMENTACIJIEVROPSKE KONVENCIJE O PREDELIMA? ................................................................................................................................................. 46
A NEW APPROACH TO LANDSCAPE IN THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF SERBIA – A STEP TOWARDIMPLEMENTATION OF EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION .......................................................................................................... 47
Nadja Kurtović-Folić.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 47
PRESERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND EXPLOATATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AND REGIONAL IDENTITY..................... 47
OČUVANJE, UPRAVLJANJE I KORIŠĆENJE KULTURNOG NASLEĐA I REGIONALNI IDENTITET ................................................. 48
Dragiša Dabić, Slobodan Mitrović i Saša Milijić.................................................................................................................................................. 49
STRATEŠKO PLANIRANJE PROSTORNOG RAZVOJA ODRŽIVOG TURIZMA I NJEGOVA OGRANIČENJA U SRBIJI ................... 49
STRATEGIC PLANING OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS BOUNDRIES IN SERBIA .................... 49
Đorđe Milić, Nebojša Stefanović, ......................................................................................................................................................................... 50
PRISTUP IZRADI I SPROVOĐENJU REGIONALNIH PROSTORNIH PLANOVA U AKTEULNOJ PRAKSI PLANIRANJA U SRBIJI 50
Ana Perić................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 51
INTERESNA USAGLAŠENOST AKTERA U PROCESU URBANE REGENERACIJE BRAUNFILD LOKACIJA.................................... 51
INTEREST COMPLIANCE OF ACTORS IN THE PROCESS OF BROWNFILED REGENERATION ....................................................... 52
Aleksandar Ristić, Dejan Stojanović..................................................................................................................................................................... 52
PROCESI URBANIZACIJE, INDUSTRIJALIZACIJE I DEAGRARIZACIJE SA ASPEKTA KORIŠĆENJA POLJOPRIVREDNOGZEMLJIŠTA ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION, INDUSTRIALIZATION AND DEAGRARISATION FROM THE ASPECT OF USE OFAGRICULTURAL LAND.................................................................................................................................................................................. 53
Vinko Žnidaršič ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
PLANIRANJE I UREĐENJE PROSTORA U FUNKCIJI ODBRANE I VANREDNIH SITACIJA-REGIONALNI ASPEKT I ZNAČAJ .... 53
PLANNING AND MANAGING OF THE TERRITORY IN FUNCTION OF DEFENSE AND EMERGENCY SITUATION-REGIONALASPECT AND IMPORTANCE ......................................................................................................................................................................... 53
Božidar Stojanović ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
INTEGRISANO UPRAVLJANJE ŽIVOTNOM SREDINOM U RUDARSKIM BASENIMA......................................................................... 54
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN MINING BASINS ............................................................................................... 54
Milica Bajic Brkovic, David Prosperi ................................................................................................................................................................... 54
EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS IN SPA RESORTS DESIGN: CASE STUDIES FROM SERBIA.... 54
Slobodan Mitrović, Dragiša Dabić ........................................................................................................................................................................ 55
UPRAVLJAČKI MODELI RAZVOJA TURIZMA – INSTRUMENTI IMPLEMENTACIJE PROSTORNIH PLANOVA TURISTIČKIHREGIJA .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 55
MANAGEMENT MODELS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM – INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING SPATIAL PLANS OFTOURIST REGIONS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Jelena Živanović Miljković .................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
PRISTUPI REGIONALNOM RURALNOM RAZVOJU U SRBIJI .................................................................................................................. 55
THE APPROACHES TO REGIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SERBIA .............................................................................................. 56
Jasna Guzijan, Siniša Cvijić .................................................................................................................................................................................. 56
KULTURNO – ISTORIJSKE NASLEĐE KAO POTENCIJAL RAZVOJA TURIZMA NA PRIMERU GRADOVA TREBINJA I JAJCA ... 56
THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF TOWNS TREBINJE AND JAJCE – A RESOURCE FOR THE GROWTH OFTOURISM .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Ana Momčilović, Ivana Cvetković ........................................................................................................................................................................ 57
AFIRMACIJA JABLANIČKOG REGIONA KROZ TURISTIČKU PONUDU. ............................................................................................... 57
JABLANICA DISTRICT AFFIRMATION THROUGH TOURIST OFFER ..................................................................................................... 58
Gordana Marković ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 58
ZONE ZAŠTITE KAO FAKTOR ODRŽIVOSTI NEPOKRETNIH KULTURNIH DOBARA NA KOSOVU I METOHIJI .......................... 58
PROTECTION ZONES AS A FACTOR OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF IMMOBILE CULTURAL PROPERTIES IN KOSOVO ANDMETOHIJA ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 59
Bogdan Lukić.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
INFRASTRUKTURA KAO FAKTOR UPRAVLJANJA .................................................................................................................................. 59
PROSTORNIM RAZVOJEM SRBIJE ............................................................................................................................................................... 59
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A FACTOR OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT IN SERBIA......................................................... 59
Biserka Mitrović, Miodrag Ralević, Tanja Klišmanić ......................................................................................................................................... 60
LOKALNO PLANIRANJE U PROCEPU IZMEĐU PRINCIPA ODRŽIVOSTI, TRŽIŠNIH ZAHTEVA I STRATEŠKOG PLANIRANJA -MOGUĆI PRISTUPI LOKALNOM PLANIRANJU KOPAONIKA ................................................................................................................. 60
LOCAL PLANNING IN THE RIFT BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY, MARKET REQUIREMENTS ANDSTRATEGIC PLANNING - THE POSSIBLE APPROACHES TO LOCAL PLANNING OF KOPAONIK AREA......................................... 60
Nevena Debljović-Ristić, Anica Tufegdžić............................................................................................................................................................ 61
PREPOZNAVANJE I IDENTIFIKACIJA KULTURNOG PEJZAŽA KAO PRISTUP UNAPREĐENJU ODRŽIVOG PROSTORNOGRAZVOJA .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61
RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AS METHOD OF ADVANCEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLESPATIAL DEVELOPMENT.............................................................................................................................................................................. 61
Aleksandra Stanojlović, Tanja Armenski, Nevena Čurčić .................................................................................................................................. 62
TRANSFORMACIJA I REVITALIZACIJA INDUSTRIJSKIH GRADOVA KROZ TURIZAM – SLUČAJ BILBAO (ŠPANIJA)................ 62
TRANSFORMATION AND REVITALIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL TOWNS TROUGH TOURISM – CASE OF BILBAO (SPAIN) ........ 62
Aleksandra Đukić, Vesna Tomić ........................................................................................................................................................................... 63
KREATIVNI KULTURNI TURIZAM KAO MOGUĆI POKRETAČ REVITALIZACIJE I RAZVOJA NASELJA........................................ 63
CREATIVE CULTURAL TOURISM AS A POTENTIAL DRIVER OF REVITALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SETTLEMENTS63
Ryosuke Ando, Taiyoung Lee, Tomoyuki Inagaki & Masayoshi Kawai ............................................................................................................ 64
A STUDY ON CITIZENS’ EVALUATION AND RECOGNITION OF REGIONAL ITS FOR STRATEGIC GOVERNANCE .................... 64
Anka Lisec and Samo Drobne ............................................................................................................................................................................... 64
THE INFLUENCE OF PROTECTED NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ON LAND MANAGEMENT/MARKET – the case ofSlovenian protected areas.................................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Evrim Özkan Töre (Dr.), Gülay Çevik, Zeynep Özdemir Eren, Zeynep Korkmaz, Mine Gökdemir ............................................................. 65
ECO TOURISM POLICY SUPPORTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING PROCEDURE - An Environmental Planning Experience;case of identification of Igneada as an Eco Town ............................................................................................................................................... 65
Evrim Özkan Töre, Mine Gökdemir, Zeynep Özdemir Eren, Gülay Çevik, Evren Oral, Zeynep Korkmaz ................................................. 66
MANAGEMENT OF THE CULTURAL ASSETS FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE NATURAL, HISTORICAL and CULTURALENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Ratko Ristić, Nevena Vasiljević, Boris Radić, Sandra Radivojević..................................................................................................................... 66
DEGRADATION OF LANDSCAPE IN SERBIAN SKI RESORTS - ASPECTS OF SCALE AND TRANSFER OF IMPACTS -................ 66
DEGRADACIJA PREDELA U SKI-CENTRIMA SRBIJE - ASPEKTI RAZMERE I PRENOSA UTICAJA -............................................... 66
D. ENVIRONMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT................................................................... 67
D. ŽIVOTNA SREDINA I REGIONALNI RAZVOJ ............................................................................. 67Novica Staletović .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 67
KONCEPT STRATEŠKOG I RAZVOJNOG PLANIRANJA ZAŠTITE ŽIVOTNE SREDINE U FUNKCIJI ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJALOKALNE ZAJEDNICE ................................................................................................................................................................................... 67
THE CONCEPT OF STRATEGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING MEANT FOR SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITY ................................................................................................................................................. 67
Mila Pucar, Marina Nenković-Riznić, Boško Josimović...................................................................................................................................... 68
ZAŠTITA ŽIVOTNE SREDINE U FUNKCIJI REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA - ASPEKTI UPRAVLJANJA, PRIRODNI RESURSI,ODRŽIVO KORIŠĆENJE ENERGIJE, KOMUNALNI I OPASNI OTPAD ..................................................................................................... 68
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE FUNCTION OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT – ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT,NATURAL RESOURCES, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, COMMUNAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE ............................ 69
Banafsheh Masteri Farahani ................................................................................................................................................................................. 69
CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION; CASE OF MALAYSIA AS A TOURIST DESTINATION .................................... 69
Milan Vemić, Tamara Kliček ................................................................................................................................................................................ 70
RAZVOJ ODRŽIVE ŽIVOTNE SREDINE KREATIVNOG GRADA: STUDIJA SLUČAJA NOVOG SADA.............................................. 70
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT OF THE CREATIVE CITY: CASE STUDY OF NOVI SAD .......................... 70
Siniša Stanković, Neil Campbell, Duško Maksimović, Tanja Cvjetković........................................................................................................... 71
EVALUACIJA PRIMENA ENERGETSKI EFIKASNIH MERA NA JAVNIM OBJEKTIMA U SRBIJI ........................................................ 71
EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES APPLIED IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS (SCHOOLS&HOSPITALS) IN SERBIA . 72
Milenko Stanković, Srđan Stanković .................................................................................................................................................................... 72
ODRŽIVOST - ENERGETSKA EFIKASNOST - ZDRAV ŽIVOT, NOV SU OBRAZOVNI PROFIL GRADITELJA U BANJOJ LUCI .... 72
SUSTAINABILITY - ENERGY EFFICIENCY - HEALTHY LIFE AS A NEW EDUCATIONAL PROFILE OF CONSTRUCTORS INBANJA LUKA ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Sanja Vavan Vučeljić ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
KAKO UPOTREBA FAZNO-PROMENLJIVIH PAMETNIH MATERIJALA MOŽE POVEĆATI ENERGETSKU EFIKASNOSTZGRADE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 73
HOW APPLICATION OF PHASE-CHANGING SMART MATERIALS CAN INCREASE HOUSING ENERGY EFFICIENCY................ 73
Predrag Mihajlović................................................................................................................................................................................................. 74
RAZVOJ URBANIH VETRO TURBINA U FUNKCIJI ZAŠTITE ŽIVOTNE SREDINE ............................................................................... 74
DEVELOPMENT URBAN WIND TURBINES IN TO FUNCTION ENVIRONMENTAL ............................................................................. 74
Ljiljana Stošić-Mihajlović, Predrag Mihajlović ................................................................................................................................................... 74
ZAŠTITA ŽIVOTNE SREDINE I UPRAVLJANJE TRŽIŠTEM...................................................................................................................... 74
LIFE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF MARKET .............................................................................................. 75
Ivan Milojković, Dragica Vulić, Božidar Stojanović............................................................................................................................................ 75
ANALIZA PRITISAKA I UTICAJA KONCENTRISANIH IZVORA OTPADNIH VODA NA VODNA TELA U SLIVU KOLUBARE ..... 75
PRESSURE AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF WASTEWATER POINT SOURCES ON WATERBODIES IN KOLUBARA RIVER BASIN 75
Gordana Hadzi-Niković, Biljana Abolmasov ....................................................................................................................................................... 76
ZNAČAJ GEOTEHNIČKIH ISTRAŽIVANJA U KORIŠĆENJU PRIRODNIH RESURSA I OČUVANJU ŽIVOTNE SREDINE ............... 76
Sanja Stevanović..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
ANALIZA KOMBINOVANOG PRISTUPA ZA KORIŠĆENJE SOLARNE ENERGIJE POMOĆU DOGRADJENOG STAKLENIKA SAFOTONAPONSKOM TENDOM NA JEDNOPORODIČNOJ KUĆI U NIŠU .................................................................................................. 76
ANALYSIS OF THE COMBINED APPROACH OF SOLAR ENERGY USE WITH ATTACHED CONSERVATORY ANDPHOTOVOLTAIC CANOPY IN ONE-FAMILY HOUSE IN NIS................................................................................................................... 76
Vesna Mila Čolić Damjanović, Bratislav Ilić, Đorđe Čantrak ............................................................................................................................ 77
TEORIJSKO – EKSPERIMENTALNI MODEL PASIVNE VIŠEPORODIČNE ZGRADE U BEOGRADU SA TEHNIČKO –TEHNOLOŠKIM I DRUŠTVENIM INOVACIJAMA...................................................................................................................................... 77
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF THE PASSIVE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN BELGRADEWITH TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL INNOVATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 77
Božo Drašković, Dušan Kostić, Zoran Rajković .................................................................................................................................................. 78
TEORIJSKO METODOLOŠKA PITANJA VREDNOVANJA PRIRODNIH RESURSA IZ ASPEKTA EKONOMSKOG RAZVOJA IZAŠTITE OKOLINE.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 78
THEORETIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF NATURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ANDENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 78
Milan Medarević, Staniša Banković, Biljana Šljukić......................................................................................................................................... 78
PRISTUP IZRADI STRATEŠKIH PLANOVA U ŠUMARSTVU .................................................................................................................... 78
APPROACH TO THE ELABORATION OF STRATEGIC PLANS IN FORESTRY ....................................................................................... 79
Anja Terzić, Ivan Ignjatović, Snežana Marinković, Ljubica Pavlović ............................................................................................................... 80
BETONI SA RECIKLIRANIM AGREGATOM KAO REŠENJE ZA URBANISTIČKI PROBLEM ODLAGANJA OTPADNOGGRAĐEVINSKOG MATERIJALA ................................................................................................................................................................... 80
CONCRETES WITH RECYCLED AGGREGATES AS SOLUTION FOR URBANISTIC PROBLEM OF WASTE CONCRETE DISPOSAL............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 80
Jovanović Aleksandar ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 80
ANALIZA STAMBENOG NASELJA „NIKOLA TESLA“ SA ASPEKTA BIOKLIMATSKOG PLANIRANJA I PROJEKTOVANJA ...... 80
ANALYSIS OF THE HOUSING BLOCK “NIKOLA TESLA“ IN RESPECT TO BIOCLIMATIC PLANNING AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 81
Biljana Abolmasov, Gordana-Hadžiniković ......................................................................................................................................................... 81
PRIMENA PROCENE GEOLOŠKIH HAZARDA I RIZIKA U PROSTORNOM PLANIRANJU................................................................... 81
THE APPLICATION OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAND-USE PLANNING............................................ 81
Biljana Abolmasov, Ljupko Rundić, Gordana-Hadžiniković ............................................................................................................................. 82
GEOLOŠKI HAZARDI, ZAKONSKA REGULATIVA I IMPLEMENTACIJA DIREKTIVA EVROPSKE UNIJE U SRBIJI ....................... 82
GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS, LEGAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EU DIRECTIVES IN SERBIA........................................... 82
Danilo S. Furundžić................................................................................................................................................................................................ 82
URBANI RAZVOJ I UPRAVLJANJE ŽIVOTNOM SREDINOM.................................................................................................................... 82
URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT....................................................................................................... 82
E. IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT DECISIONS...................................... 83
E. IMPLEMENTACIJA STRATEŠKIH RAZVOJNIH ODLUKA ...................................................... 83Omiljena Dželebdžić, Zorica Nedović Budić ....................................................................................................................................................... 83
PROSTORNI INDIKATORI REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA - PRISTUPI, METODE, POUKE IZ PRAKSE - ................................................ 83
SPATIAL INDICATORS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT – APPROACHES, METHODS, AND LESSONS FROM PRACTICE - ........ 83
Branislav Bajat, Nikola Krunić ............................................................................................................................................................................. 83
MODEL PREDIKCIJE PROSTORNE DISTRIBUCIJE STANOVNIŠTVA PRIMENOM GEOSTATISTIČKIH METODA ......................... 83
PREDICTION MODEL OF POPULATION GROWTH INDEX BY GEOSTATISTICS.................................................................................. 84
László Nagyváradi, Anita Szebényi...................................................................................................................................................................... 84
THE SEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TRAFFIC AND SUBURBANIZATION IN BUDAPEST AGGLOMERATIONWITH GIS METODS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Vojkan Gajović ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
NOMENKLATURA TERITORIJALNIH JEDINICA ZA STATISTIKU – MOGUĆNOSTI PRIMENE U SRBIJI ......................................... 85
THE NOMENCLATURE OF TERRITORIAL UNITS FOR STATISTICS – POSSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN SERBIA -.... 85
Olgica Bošković, Emilija Manić ............................................................................................................................................................................ 85
KORIŠĆENJE STATISTIČKIH I GEOGRAFSKIH INFORMACIONIH SISTEMA U CILJU SAGLEDAVANJA ULOGE I ZNAČAJATRGOVINE U DOMENU PROSTORNOG PLANIRANJA.............................................................................................................................. 85
USING STATISTICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN FOCUSING RETAIL ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE INTHE SPATIAL PLANNING .............................................................................................................................................................................. 86
Tijana Crnčević, Olgica Bakić ............................................................................................................................................................................... 86
IMPLEMENTATION OF GIS TOOLS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS OF THE SYSTEM OF GREEN SURFACES OF SPASETTLEMENTS: VRNJAČKA SPA EXAMPLE.............................................................................................................................................. 86
PRIMENA GIS ALATA U PROCESU PLANIRANJA SISTEMA ZELENIH POVRŠINA BANJSKIH NASELJA: PRIMER VRNJAČKEBANJE................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 86
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The International scientific conference "REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, SPATIAL PLANNING ANDSTRATEGIC GOVERNANCE", Belgrade, Serbia on 7th and 8th December 2009
The list of abstracts approved by the Scientific Board of the Institute of Architecture andUrban&Spatial Planning of Serbia
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Medjunarodni naučni skup "REGIONALNI RAZVOJ, PROSTORNO PLANIRANJE I STRATEŠKOUPRAVLJANJE", Beograd, 7. i 8. decembar 2009. godine
Lista apstrakata potvrđena od strane Naučnog veća Instituta zaarhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije
August, 2009 / avgust, 2009.
A. EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES AND DOCUMENTS AND THEIRIMPLICATION ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
A. EVROPSKE RAZVOJNE INICIJATIVE I DOKUMENTI, I NJIHOV UTICAJ NAREGIONALNI RAZVOJ
Robert Knippschild
TERRITORIAL COHESION IN EUROPE’S BORDER REGIONS– PROMISING PERSPECTIVE OR WISHFUL THINKING?
Abstract: In European strategic documents and funding programmes aiming at territorial cohesion andrealising the Lisbon strategy border regions play a major role. Also national strategies and initiatives onspatial development pay more and more attention to border regions not only as peripheral regions facingstructural weakness and brain-drain but as potential conurbations and metropolitan regions across nationalborders.
Indicators for measuring interdependencies and potential complementarities in border regions are stillrudimentary. Data base is often not compatible across national borders and data on cross-border flows andinterdependencies are scarce.
The paper focuses on indicators and availability of information and data on cross-border flows andinterdependencies in Western Germany’s border regions Lake Constance Region, Upper Rhine Region,SaarLorLux Region and Maas-Rhine Region. It concludes with recommendations how to proceed towardscomparable data base in border regions in order to identify and support cross-border interdependencies andterritorial cohesion in border regions.
__________________Dr.-Ing. Robert Knippschild, Leibniz Institute of Regional and Ecological Development, Dresden
Dominic Stead
SPATIAL PLANNING REFORMS IN EUROPE: CAN WE EXPECT CONVERGENCE?
Many national spatial planning systems, in both western and eastern Europe, have recently undergone reformin response to the common challenges of globalization, sustainable development, economic competitiveness,European integration, economic reforms and demographic change. Greater transnational cooperation andnetworking on spatial planning, often through European initiatives such as the INTERREG, PHARE andCARDS programmes*, have resulted in policy-makers being increasingly influenced and exposed topractices from overseas. These processes of Europeanisation might be assumed to be leading to theconvergence of spatial planning policies and practice. However, there are various other factors or forces atwork that also influence the planning reform processes, some of which may resist convergence. For example,there are also deeply embedded differences between European countries in terms of political andadministrative cultures and structures (including planning cultures), which potentially put a brake on the idea
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of the Europeanisation of spatial planning and the convergence of planning systems. It has been suggestedthat social and political changes in general, as well as spatial planning reforms more specifically, have acertain degree of path dependency, where changes are influenced by the past (Beauregard & Haila, 1997;Hausner et al, 1995; Nedović-Budić & Cavrić, 2006; Stark, 1992; Thomas, 1998). This paper examines thetwo concepts of Europeanisation and path-dependency in relation to spatial planning and explores thedynamics between them.
(*The PHARE and CARDS programmes were replaced by the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) in 2007.)
Keywords: spatial planning; reform; Europeanisation; path-dependence; convergence.
__________________Dr Dominic Stead, Delft University of Technology, OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies, TheNetherlands
Rosalina Grumo, Aleksandar Lugonja
STRATEGIC APPROACH OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING. INTERNATIONAL CASES.
Abstract: The debate on strategies for the territory, cities and the environment as well as the organization ofregional planning requirements have intensified over the last few years in Europe. The objective is to bothinsert the fragmented policies of territorial transformation within a coherent framework and to (re)define theurban image and identity, in such a way as to facilitate the revival, conversion and competitiveness of localsystems. We are currently experiencing a transition phase as to the methods for a strategic approach to thegovernance of the territory and cities. Today, wide area planning and strategic plans have become a noveltyin the field of urban tools and have been welcomed due to a feeling of dissatisfaction with the traditionalplanning process to which the innovative tools proposed by strategic planning should give an answer. Thisnew generation of plans adheres to the wide area planning approach. It goes beyond the urban and territorialorganization to tackle such issues as problems connected with social inequalities in the levels of educationand vocational training, health care, security, energy policy, economic support to rural periurban areas. Theprocess is based on a co-operation between public and private bodies who will define a shared developmentpath, singling out strategic goals and undertaking to carry out a series of integrated actions.
Apart from dwelling upon some methodological aspects of the plan strategy, this contribution also zeroes inon the Italian situation. As a matter of fact, Italy can boast extremely diversified experiences as to objectives,methods, time covered, partnerships and results. Furthermore, those European realities have also been takeninto account that are considered as successful from both a planning and implementation point of view.
A part of this contribution deals with the territorial development and strategic planning in Serbia. In thiscountry, the rule-based, normative, method for spatial planning which enabled cities and regions to grow upduring the post-war period of industrialization and rural-urban migration is now standing in the way of aneasy adjustment of territories to the new economy, and making the pursuit of sustainable developmentobjectives more costly and time-consuming. After the “crises planning”, which was evident during theseventies and eighties, at the time of Neo-Liberalism and deregulation, there was a period of legalityrestoration of strategic planning in developed countries, strengthening their development and integrative roleon a modified basis. Strategic planning in Serbia at national level should be one of the regulators of itsintegration process.
Key words: territory, regional development, strategic planning, international cases.
__________________Prof. Rosalina Grumo, Dott. Aleksandar Lugonja, Department of Geographical and Commodity Sciences, Faculty of Economics,University of Bari, Italy
Dimitris Foutakis, Elisavet Thoidou
TOWARDS RE-REFORMING THE EU COHESION POLICY: KEY ISSUES IN THE DEBATEAND SOME THOUGHTS ON PERIPHERAL REGIONS.
Abstract: Two years after the start of the fourth programming period, the debate on post-2013 cohesionpolicy has already been launched. In fact, public consultation was launched in 2007 and considerable stepshave followed since then, while others are about to start. At the same time, the new strategic guidelines andrules that guide cohesion policy have been in place for a short period and their impacts are not yet clear.Some critical events along with major political issues that concern the whole EU structure are the main
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factors that affect this evolution. In particular, the economic recession along with the prospects for the newEU Treaty could be considered decisive in the launch of the debate on future cohesion policy.
More specifically, among the issues highlighted in this context are the distinction between the efficiency andsocial inclusion objectives, the need for a place-based strategy (see the Barca report, 2009), the high growthsectors and their contribution to cohesion, and the potential for creativity and innovation (see the fifth andsixth progress reports on economic and social cohesion). Overall, it seems like old dilemmas of spatialdevelopment recur, while contemporary ones also gain ground.
The outcome of this debate is of significant importance for all EU regions not only in budgetary terms butalso in terms of strategic policy goals. This paper examines the above future policy issues with an emphasison regions faced with particular difficulties such as less favoured regions as well as those in the EUperiphery.
__________________Dimitris Foutakis, Technological Educational Institution of Serres, GreeceElisavet Thoidou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Miodrag Vujošević, Slavka Zeković, Tamara Maričić
UNDERMINED TERRITORIAL CAPITAL OF SERBIA. SOME FUTURE PROSPECTS ANDPREDICTIBLE SCENARIOS
Abstract: The unfortunate events following the late 1980s and the early 1990s directed Serbia (first theFRY and then S&M) towards rather bleak development prospects. In the longer period the country wasisolated from the mainstream trends of European integration and convergence. Its comparative advantagesand competitiveness have worsened in two key aspects, that is, in terms of its structural qualities (1) and interms of its territorial capital (2), whereby the country’s ‘’endogenous capital’’ and ‘’territorial capital’’ losta large part of their value and potential. Especially has worsened the so-called ‘’soft territorial capital’’, inparallel with the disappearing capacity for strategic research, thinking and governance. In particular, Serbiagrossly missed the wave of the so-called ‘’economic and ecological modernization’’ that took place in theEU, which left the country lagging even further behind contemporary mainstream trends. Thus, Serbia‘‘moored’’ even deeper in the periphery of Europe, that is, it became a part of new ‘’inner peripheries’’ ofEurope. The economic recovery from 2000 onwards, while fairly dynamic, has still been insufficient, andmore or less assumed the form of ’’growth without development’’. Serbia still shelters one of the mostdissipating and non-sustainable economies and social services in Europe, paralleled by inadequate spatialdevelopment patterns. Now, the country has found itself in the position of an economic, ecological andfinancial (debtor) semi-colony of few influential international political, economic and financial actors, alsoreflecting the ideological model of post-socialist transition reforms chosen.
Recently a new Spatial development strategy of Serbia till 2021 has been completed, also dealing with twoscenarios of future development, viz.: ‘’further growth recession, under crisis management’’; and‘’sustainable spatial development’’. However, much more research of future development prospects isneeded, vis-à-vis dire development fixities and givens. Namely, the Serbian ’’post-socialist Argonautic’’ hasbeen facing a number of difficulties, also exacerbated by a lack of adequate institutional and organizationaladjustments for strategic development governance.
Key words: territorial capital, unsustainable spatial development, semi-colony, improper institutionalarrangements, strategic research, thinking and governance
NARUŠENI TERITORIJALNI KAPITAL SRBIJE. NEKI BUDUĆI IZGLEDI I PREDVIDLJIVISCENARIJI
Apstrakt: Nepovoljni događaji od kraja 1980-tih i ranih 1990-tih godina doveli su Srbiju (najpre SaveznuRepubliku Jugoslaviju a potom Srbiju i Crnu Goru) u stanje nepovoljnih razvojnih izgleda. U podužemperiodu zemlja je bila izolovana od glavnih trendova evropske integracije i konvergencije. Njenekomparativne prednosti i konkurentnost su se pogoršali u dva ključna pogleda, strukturnih kvaliteta iteritorijalnog kapitala, čime su njen tzv. ‘’endogeni kapital’’ i ‘’teritorijalni kapital’’ izgubili znatan deovrednosti i potencijala. Naročito je smanjen tzv. ‘’meki teritorijalni kapital’’, naporedo sa nestajanjemsposobnosti za strateško istraživanje, mišljenje i upravljanje. Posebno, Srbija je propustila talas tvz.‘’ekonomskog i ekološkog restrukturiranja’’, koji se ostvario u Evropskoj uniji, čime je postala deo tzv.‘’unutrašnje evropske periferije’’ i sve dublje ‘’usidrena’’ u toj periferiji. Iako je ekonomski oporavak posle
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2000. godine bio sasvim dinamičan, on je još uvek nedovoljan, naročito jer se pretežno odvijao u formi‘’rasta bez razvoja’’. Srbija još uvek ima jednu od najrastrošnijih i neodrživih privreda i društvenih usluga uEvropi, naporedo sa neodgovarajućim obrascima prostornog razvoja. Sada se zemlja našla u pozicijiekonomske, ekološke i finansijske (dužničke) polukolonije nekoliko uticajnih međunarodnih političkih,ekonomskih i finansijskih aktera, što takođe odražava i dejstvo izabranog ideološkog modelapostsocijalističke tranzicije. Nedavno je završen rad na novoj Strategiji prostornog razvoja Srbije do 2021.godine, u kojoj su definisana dva scenarija budućeg prostornog razvoja, tj., ‘’recesivni rast sa elementimakriznog upravljanja’’, i ‘’održivi prostorni razvoj’’. Potrebno je, međutim, mnogo više istraživanja budućihrazvojnih izgleda, imajući u vidu postojeće teške razvojne datosti i ograničenja. Naime, Srbija se u svojoj‘’postsocijalističkog argonautici’’ suočava sa velikim brojem teškoća, koje su dodatno pogoršaneneadekvatnim institucionalnim i organizacionim aranžmanima za upravljanje strateškim razvojem.
Ključne reči: teritorijalni kapital, neodrživi prostorni razvoj, polu-kolonija, neodgovarajući institucionalniaranžmani, strateško istraživanje, mišljenje i upravljanje
__________________dr Miodrag Vujošević, dr Slavka Zeković, mr Tamara Maričić, The Institute of architecture and urban and spatial planning ofSerbia
Milorad Filipović, Miroljub Hadžić
THE NATURE OF CURRENT CRISIS IN SERBIA - Internal vs International Impact
Abstract: Development model that has been forced in Serbia in last 7 years results in creation of a weakeconomy structure, absence of national “brand-names” and products that could be internationally recognised,and in over-dependence of a national economy from the “infusion” of capital inflow from abroad (throughFDI’s, that are in many cases just “recycling” domestic capital from some distant island destinations). Weare speaking about the “model” of economy and not about the strategy of development as there were no clearand undisputed political and economic orientation of leadership toward some specific reforms and strategy(this includes also the process of EU integration). Meanwhile, from 2001. onward three different politicalleaderships has changed at the political scene, with more or less success in governing national economy, butthe common feature of all of them remains strong influence of hidden tajkuns and protection of their interestthrough relations with elected officials. In this specific “synergy” between the interests of financial andpolitical moguls the final result is paid by the citizens - through low level of competition at domestic marketthat results in much higher prices of some products and services, informal protection and obstacles to foreigncapital inflow in the segments where are strong tajkun’s interests (to buy some properties at extremely lowprices and to resell them later to foreign companies...) and in keeping such undefined position of the countrytoward further EU integration as long as possible with the intent to preserve rent seeking economy thatprovide extremely high profits for moguls in power.
My conclusion is that present international financial and economic crisis has served just as a very appropriateexcuse for bad performances of national economy. It is undisputed that international crisis will have certainnegative consequences for Serbian economy, but the overall results will be in any case, with or withoutcrisis: slow down of growth rates, deterioration of development results and come back to unresolvedproblems from the past – unsuitable economic structure, high presence of corruption and organised crime,interrelations between representatives of political, crime and financial groups and all of that is a good reasonfor exclusion of Serbia from further integration process. Once more it shows (like in the period of 1990-thies) that “internal sanctions” that has been produced from the system are much more powerful andinfluential in Serbian economic and political system than international influences. Projections are that in thefuture discrepancies between nominal – administrative accordance of national laws and regulations with theEU Acquies and the real practice will rise.
Key words: crisis, development, sustainability, corruption
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Apstrakt: Razvojni model koji je primenjivan u Srbiji u prethodnih 7 godina rezultirao je u stvaranju slabeekonomske strukture nacionalne ekonomije, odsustvu prepoznatljivih trgovačkih marki koje bi mogle bitiplasirane na međunarodnom tržištu, preteranoj zavisnosti domaće privrede od “infuzije” međunarodneakumulacije (kroz strane direktne investicije, koje su u mnogim slučajevima samo “reciklirani” domaćicapital koji se plasira sa udaljenih ostrvskih destinacija). Govorimo o “modelu” ekonomije, a ne o strategijirazvoja, jer nije postojala jasna i nepodeljena politička i ekonomska orijentacija rukovodstva zemlje upogledu specifičnih reform ii strategije (što takođe uključuje i proces integracije u EU). U međuvremenu od
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2001. godine do danas tri različita politička rukovodstva su se smenjivala na vlasti, uz manje ili veće uspeheu vođenju nacionalne ekonomije, ali za sve njih je ostao karakterističan preterani uticaj tajkuna skrivenih izascene i zaštita njihovih interesa kroz uspostavljene odnose sa izabranim zvaničnicima. U ovoj specifičnoj“sinergiji” između interesa finansijskih i političkih mogula, krajnji rezultat plaćaju građani – kroz nizak nivokonkurencije na domaćem tržištu što rezultitra u mnogo višim cenama pojedinih roba i usluga, neformalnojzaštiti interesa i preprekama za brži priliv stranog kapitala u one oblasti u kojima domaći tajkuni imaju svojeinterese (npr. za kupovinu zemljišta po smešno niskim cenama u svrhu kasnije preprodaje straniminvestitorima uz enormno visoke profite...) i u održavanju nedefinisane pozicije zemlje u pogledu daljih EUintegracija što je duže moguće kako bi se nastavilo sa ekonomijom zasnovanom na “rent-seeking”-u štoomogućava ekstremno visoke profite tajkunima.
Zaključak analize koja će se sprovesti u radu ja da je svetska ekonomsko-finansijska kriza dobro došla kaoizvrstan izgovor za loše performanse domaće ekonomije. Neosporno je da će svetska kriza imati određenenegativne posledice po ekonomiju Srbije, ali će ukupni rezultati u svakom slučaju, sa ili bez svetske krize,biti: usporavanje stope rasta, pogoršanje razvojnih rezultata i povratak na nerešene problem iz prošlosti-nepodesna struktura domaće ekonomije, visok nivo korupcije i prisustvo organizovanog kriminala,međupovezanost između političkih, kriminalnih i finansijskih grupa, a sve to je dobar razlog za isključivanjeSrbije iz daljih EU integracija. Još jednom se pokazuje (kao i u period 1990-tih godina) da su “unutrašnjesankcije” koje se produkuju unutar domaćeg sistema mnogo moćnije i uticajnije u srpskoj ekonomiji ipolitičkom sistemu nego međunarodni uticaji. Predviđanja su da će u budućnosti diskrepanca izmeđunominalnih-administrativnih rešenja i prilagođavanja nacionalne regulative rešenjima iz EU AcquiesCommunitaire i realnosti u Srbiji biti sve veća.
Ključne reči: kriza, razvoj, održivost, korupcija
__________________Milorad Filipović, The Faculty of Economics, University of BelgradeMiroljub Hadžić, University Singidunum, Belgrade.
Yogesh Kumar
LAPSES IN NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME IMPLEMENTATION:EVIDENCES FROM FIELD
Abstract: The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act launched in 2005 with the objective to enhancelivelihood security in rural areas by providing 100 days of employment in a financial year to households is amajor programme of Govt of India. The present paper analyses the scheme from two major viewpoints howfar the provisions of the implementation of scheme in terms of all inclusive approach with transparency andsocial accountability followed, and whether the scheme has been able to provide adequate employment tovarious persons. Although not in the present perspective, an examination of coverage of people through righttargeting of scheme is attempted in the end of the paper.
__________________Yogesh Kumar, Institutional Affiliation: Institute of Applied Manpower Research, Delhi
Ana Lídia Virtudes, Ana Maria Martins
FROM THE PLAN TO THE CITY: CHALLENGES IN PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION
Abstract: The planning framework for Portugal is spread over a number of legal documents emphasising theprocedural aspects of plan preparation, plan implementation and development control of the city. The mostimportant planning legislation consists of the different decrees/laws that define each type of plan andcomprises of three administrative levels: central, regional and local.
Because there is a large gap between the plan contents and the city development, the purpose of this article isto analyze certain criteria of the implementation of the planning process instruments in the context ofcontemporary challenges such as:
- At the moment, there are around 3.6 million families registered in Portugal which is, obviously, much lessthan the number of dwellings. If it is true on the one hand, that some families have more than one dwelling, itis also true, on the other hand, that there are many unoccupied or unused dwellings. In 2005, 110.000 housesremained unsold, 70% of these being previously-inhabited, found mainly in consolidated city and as weknow, the first step in a building becoming degraded is to be unoccupied. How can we prepare plans for
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consolidated city areas where there are fewer and fewer residents, owing to families preferring to live in thenew and suburban districts of the city?
- If we take into consideration that all the construction forecasted for the next 10 years in the 308 MunicipalDirector Plans (one for each local administrative level) is enough for 40 million inhabitants, when theportuguese population is 10 million, can we conclude that the city take-up enormous building areas, muchmore than is needed?
- The planning law talks of two types of zoning – urban and rural areas. Is this division of ideas between theurban and rural, i.e. between the city and the non-city adequate when all population is urbanized living in thecity limits or out of them?
- Given that the dwellings and urbanized plots came essentially from private initiative with no plans and ifwe understanding the city not as the set of parts but the set of relations between parts, which kind ofexpectations can we have in the domain of improving the efficiency of plan content in the process of urbanrenewal?
Keywords: Urban planning, urban renewal, plan implementation, planning legislation.
__________________Ana Lídia Virtudes and Ana Maria Martins, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior,Covilhã, Portugal
Topaloglou Lefteris, Kallioras Dimitris, Venieris Stefanos
TRACING THE DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC CROSS-BORDER INTERACTION IN THEEUROPEAN UNION
Abstract: The abolition of the artificial impediments of cross-border interaction inside European Union, hasreleased dynamics that have influenced significantly the economic space at the frontiers. In contrast, at theEuropean Union external borders, the regulations of the Schengen Treaty have imposed a variety ofconstraints concerning cross-border interaction with third countries. Under this framework, a new mix ofopportunities and the threats seems to come forth together with a new political, social and economic map thatredefines the notion of vicinity. In the present article, the study of the “border effect” in Europe is attemptedthrough the investigation of the basic determinants of the spatial dynamics of cross-border interaction. Thefindings of the article contribute to the better understanding of the “border effect” with significantimplications for both theory and policy.
Key words: borders, vicinity, interaction, integration, trade, investment, migration
__________________Topaloglou Lefteris, University of Thessaly, Department of Planning and Regional Development, Volos, GreeceKallioras Dimitris, University of Thessaly, Department of Planning and Regional Development, Volos, GreeceVenieris Stefanos, Technological Education Institute of Western Macedonia, Department of Public Relations, Kastoria
Tadeusz Kopys
INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION IN THE EAST EUROPE AND THE BALKAN REGION
Abstract: First of all it is important to mention that the problem of intercultural interaction becomes one ofthe most discussed nowadays. The problem is connected with the processes of migration all over the world,as well as with the problems of national minorities. Especially it is urgent for contemporary Europeancountries. It is also connected with the cultural, ethnic and language diversity of some countries, due to thepeculiarities of their historical development. The second type of problems will be in the focus of this paper.In other words we will speak about divided or plural societies (well described by A. Lijphart) These societiesconsist of several groups with different cultural identities, based on certain factors: religion, ethnicity,ideology, language, etc. One of the main problems in such societies is to build consensus among thesedifferent groups. In another words there should be found a special formula of multiculturalism for suchcountries.
The East Europe and the Balkan Region represent countries, which are in the process of political, social andeconomical transition. Nowadays these countries can be identified as divided societies. Serbia and theUkraine are rather good examples. The division can be noticed not only on the level of society, but also onthe elites’ level. The situation is more complicated, since both of these countries has gone through so called“colored revolutions”, which only made the division more deep, in spite of unifying them.
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The intercultural interaction becomes actual in the divided societies. More precisely, in such dividedsocieties we can observe several cultural structures, represented by special communities. One of the mainproblems considering Serbia and the Ukraine is the lack of integrative mechanisms, on the elites’ level aswell as on the level of the society.
The political practice of the mentioned countries shows, that the problem of integration cannot be solvedonly by means of classical democratic mechanisms and institutions. Even on the level of elites the dialog iscomplicated and not always possible due to the lack of coherent political culture. So we cannot even speakabout the model of “elites’ democracy”. On the level of the society there are several different cleavagesbetween cultural groups, which influence on the attitudes to different actual and historical questions. Thepaper deals with the problems of integration of divided societies from the point of view of socio-cultural andnetwork mechanisms.
__________________Tadeusz Kopys, Jagiellonian University, Poland
Samo Drobne, Anka Lisec, Miha Konjar,Alma Zavodnik Lamovšek and Andrej Pogačnik
FUNCTIONAL VS. ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS – CASE OF SLOVENIA
Abstract: The complex territorial organization of most European Union member’s political andadministrative systems is rooted in history and tradition as well as in a strong political will. Most parts of theprovincial structure (states) and of the district structure of administration have been already inherited fromthe past and reflect the administrative entities of different social systems. From a European Union member’sperspective regional entities below the level of the central state are important for attracting European Unionregional and structural funds. Regions which are eligible to EU funds in most cases are defined according tothe NUTS 2 classification, but EU documents also relate to NUTS 3 and even smaller regional entities. So,“administrative regions” are the units in which regional economic policies are designed and executed and themembers of regional governments and regional parliaments find their constituencies in such regions.Regional economic policy thus will primarily reflect the administrative regions’ interests; therefore they areproper starting points for most purposes of regional economic policy analysis.On the other side, “functional regions” have much more intense economic interactions inside the region thanwith any other area outside the region. A functional region is characterised by its agglomeration of activitiesand by its intraregional transport infrastructure, facilitating a large mobility of people, products, and inputswithin its interaction borders. The basic characteristic of a functional region is the integrated labour market,in which intra-regional commuting as well as intra-regional job search and search for labour is much moreintensive than the inter-regional counterparts. So, the border of a labour market region is a goodapproximation of the borders of a functional region. Although this concept might sometimes to be too narrowfor the analysis of some issues as there are other than labour market interactions (e.g. flows of goods andservices, flows of knowledge) regularly taking place which cross the borders of individual labour marketregions, this concept is a proper starting point for different regional analyses.There is no “middle layer” of government between the central state and the municipal level in the newmember states of the European Union. For various motivations, the creation of a middle layer of regionalgovernment or administration should be established. This is the case also in Slovenia.In the paper, we analyse labour market in Slovenia and its relationship to six suggested administrativeregionalisation of Slovenia. The major focus of the paper is to find the model of administrative regions thatfits functional regions best.Keywords: regions, functional regions, administrative regions, provinces, Slovenia
__________________Samo Drobne, Anka Lisec, Miha Konjar, Alma Zavodnik Lamovšek and Andrej PogačnikUniversity of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering,, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Vassilis Monastiriotis, George Petrakos
LOCAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL COHESION IN THE POST-TRANSITION BALKANS: POLICY ISSUES AND SOME THEORY
Abstract: Over the last twenty years the transition economies of the Balkans have experienced anunprecedented process of crisis and transformation. Together with the well-studied implications that this
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process had at the national level, on aspects of governance, demography, societal organisation and theeconomy, a significant but much less studied transformation has occurred with regards to the spatialorganisation of these economies. The dual process of transition and European accession has altered radicallythe spatial organisation of the economy, leading to combined experiences of economic decline, risinginequality and polarisation. An immense concentration of human and physical capital in the main urbancentres, coupled with a wider trend of de-industrialisation in the periphery and the collapse of ‘enterprisespace’ (of one-factory towns – monoculture economies) has created urgent problems of local developmentand spatial cohesion. In the absence of a strong tradition for regional and local development policy and underthe pressures emanating from EU conditionality and the urgent need for (national) economic development,attempts to address issues of sustainable development and economic cohesion at the local, urban and regionalscales have been at best limited.Importantly, the limited efforts to address such problems have for their largest part concentrated ontraditional concepts of regional development relating to infrastructure provision and redistribution transfers.Rather naturally, little attention has been paid to ideas and concepts deriving from relatively recentcontributions in the literature of local and sustainable development, including concepts of culturaldistinctiveness, local knowledge, regionalism, and functional-spatial connectivity. Such concepts, althoughdeveloped effectively to address developmental issues in other contexts (especially in less well-off areas ofthe European ‘north’), may be much more pertinent to the case of the ailing localities and regionaleconomies of the post-transition Balkans, where the pressures of inter-regional competition and thechallenges of economic polarisation are much more immediate.This paper seeks to explore the relevance of new concepts of regional and local development for thedevelopmental process of the local and regional economies of the post-transition Balkans. We start byexamining the patterns of inequality, economic decline and polarisation that have emerged in the region overthe last decade and by locating the wider national and supra-national processes that have contributed to suchdevelopments. We then examine the relevance and effectiveness of national and regional policies applied inthese countries, including ones emanating from the EU, and we investigate the limitations of these policies inaddressing the complex problems of restructuring and development faced by the local and regionaleconomies in the Balkans. Given these limitations, we finally turn to investigating alternative strategies andpolicies for local economic development, deriving from an analysis of how concepts such as regionalism,local knowledge and cultural distinctiveness can be applied to the new economic space of post-transitionBalkans.__________________Vassilis Monastiriotis, European Institute, London School of Economics, United KingdomGeorge Petrakos, Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Greece
Ksenija Petovar
THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC GOOD IN SPATIAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
Abstract: The concept of the public good is becoming increasingly prominent in various spheres of publiclife, from international instruments (pacts, conventions, resolutions), to national documents and everydaydiscourse in environments with different historical, socio-economic and political characteristics. Thisconcept, until recently pre-eminently featured in economic science, is now used in diverse fields, includingurban and spatial planning. The relevant literature offers different meanings and interpretations of its genesisand legitimacy. This paper argues that the concept of the public good rests on the body of human rights andthat the bases for defining its contents and scope are the social values that promote the equality, quality oflife, health and other aspects of welfare and security of citizens, and in particular of vulnerable social groups.The concept of the public good also extends to the services and resources that strengthen social inclusion andcohesion at different levels of the social organization.Key words: public good, social values.
KONCEPT JAVNOG DOBRA U PLANIRANJU I UREĐENJU PROSTORA
Apstrakt: Koncept javnog dobra sve više se koristi u različitim oblastima javnog života, od međunarodnihdokumenata (paktovi, konvencije, rezolucije), do nacionalnih dokumenata i svakodnevnog govora usredinama sa različitim istorijskim, socio-ekonomskim i političkim obeležjima. Ovaj, do skoro, eminentnokoncept ekonomske nauke, danas se upotrebljava u mnogim oblastima, uključiv i oblast urbanističkog iprostornog planiranja. U literaturi koncept javnog dobra ima različita značenja i tumačenja nastanka i
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legitimiteta. U radu se zastupa teza da se koncept javnog dobra temelji na korpusu ljudskih prava te da osnovza definisanje sadržaja i obima pojma javno dobro jesu društvene vrednosti koje promovišu ravnopravnost ijednakost građana, unapređuju kvalitet života, zdravstvenu i drugu dobrobit i bezbednost građana, a naročitoosetljivih društvenih grupa. Javno dobro obuhvata i usluge i resurse koje jačaju društvenu uključenost isocijalnu koheziju na različitim nivoima društvene organizovanosti.Ključne reči: javno dobro, društvene vrednosti.__________________Ksenija Petovar, Sociologist, Full-time Professor, Faculties of Architecture and Geography, University of Belgrade(Sociolog, Redovni profesor Arhitektonskog i Geografskog fakulteta, Univerziteta u Beogradu)
Zorica Nedović-Budić
SPATIALLY-ENABLED E-GOVERNANCE: THE ROADMAP AND MILESTONES
Abstract: The history of computerization of government functions and planning tasks is about half a centurylong. It started with replacement of government administrative and financial functions by informationmanagement systems and with introduction of computerized databases and models of urban decision-makingprocesses. The spatial element in urban management and planning was enhanced by the emergence andadvancement of geographic information systems (GIS) and related technologies (e.g., information andtelecommunications, remote sensing, global positioning systems, decision support tools). The subsequentdevelopments toward public participation GIS, Internet GIS, spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) andvolunteered geographic information (VGI) paralleled two trends: a) the movement from government togovernance, and b) the evolution toward more open participatory and grass-root planning processes. It wouldbe difficult to affirm if there is a cause-effect relationship between the technological and substantive urbandevelopment environments. However, we could observe the mutually supportive nature of the trendsexhibited over time and propose that evolving spatial technologies, while not a solution per se, are animportant enhancing element in urban governance. This paper provides a critical review of the pathway andkey points in the development of spatially-enabled e-governance.__________________Prof. dr Zorica Nedović Budić, University College Dublin, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Policy
Veljko Mijić
THE POWER OF LOCAL WILL -WHAT IF ASKED WHAT WAS WE WOULDLIKE TO HAVE ACHIEVED?
Abstract: Twenty, thirty years ago, it was the custom of that people from Bosnian Posavina to come,--crossing the Sava River--, to the centre of the Slavonian town for a-little-Saturday-entertainment.Appearance usually lasted until 10 PM when "Zdravljak”, so called the “Health-bar" would be closed,Posavina people begun returning home, --on foot across the bridge--, when all become stilly, and we couldpeacefully rest.
Once, the summer's murmur, under our open window two Posavljac scuffled. The third one, apparentlyadviser of good intentions, separates the fighters. One hears: whenever such an agent is trying to intervene,the stronger slaps the weaker in the face. Finally, the victim has turned to the adviser with: "Tadija, nesufliraj se!", which, if came from broken French* used as slang in Posavina, could be probably translatedinto: "Tadija, do not prompt me!". And so on! The stronger hits, the agent intervenes, and the victim appealsfor non intervention arguing with the agent! (* French: souffler, pousser, inciter)
Often, during fieldworks in the post – conflict areas, we have seen such scenes; there was no Tadijaanymore, instead of him: another, foreign, people of good heart. So, in real life field research, the questionwas not all anecdotal, as: how to translate to English: "Tadija, ne sufliraj se!", or, whether that actuallymeant: "Do not defend me any more, please!"?
The field researches were organised to (1) learn whether there were a connection between the efficiency offoreign aid received and the cultural matrix, and, to (2) elaborate on expected contributions of so called“local development partnerships” as one of the variables -- contradictio in adjecto -- of effectiveness andefficiency of internationally donated projects of economic development in some of deeply – divided societiesof South East Europe. Cases were collected from the Sandzak, South East Serbia, and from counties of Stipand Kicevo in Macedona. Since triangulations of several qualitative research methods, cases are seen as a
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kind of their own, without necessity to compare the findings. Research report is therefore written in firstperson (plural), as it should be with bricolage.
Key words: development partnership, divided-societies, bricolage, efficiency, cultural matrix
__________________Veljko Mijić, Doctoral Study, Department of Information and Communication Studies, University of Zadar, Croatia
Riki Therivel, Tijana Crnčević
ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY IN PLANNING: ENGLISH AND SERBIAN EXPERIENCES
Abstract: The paper gives an overview of the European Union procedures, guidelines and recommendationsregarding sustainable planning with special reference to the strategic environmental assessment (SEA).Further, it considers whether SEA, as an instrument which promotes the sustainable development strategy, isfulfilling its aims in planning. This article is based on an analysis of the sustainability appraisals (SA/SEA)of 45 English core strategies, interviews and questionnaires and as well of an analysis of selected SEAreports which are representing Serbian experiences.
The article looks whether selected case studies in England and Serbia are achieving the objectives of theEuropean SEA Directive: whether trey are leading to a high level of protection of the environment,promoting sustainable development, and contributing to the integration of environmental considerations intothe preparation and adoption of plans.
The article concludes that SA/SEA of English core strategies and as well chosen Serbian SEA reports haveonly limited effectiveness and suggest significant changes in the SA/SEA and plan making process to dealwith problems.
Key words: sustainable planning, strategic environmental assessment, effectiveness, England, Serbia
OSTVARIVANJE ODRŽIVOSTI U PLANIRANJU: ISKUSTVA ENGLESKE I SRBIJE
Apstrakt: Rad daje pregled procedura, smernica i preporuka Evropske Unije (EU) po pitanju održivogplaniranja sa posebnim osvrtom na Stratešku procenu uticaja (SPU). Pored toga, razmatra se da li SPU, kaoinstrument koji promoviše strategiju održivog razvoja, ispunjava svoje ciljeve u planiranju. Rad je baziran naanalizi Procena održivosti (Sustainability appraisals) i SPU 45 Engleskih „osnovnih strategije“, intervjua iupitnika kao i na analizi izabranih izveštaja SPU koji predstavljaju iskustva Srbije.
Ovaj rad posebno razmatra da li izabrane strudije slučaja u Engleskoj i Srbiji ispunjavaju ciljeve DirektiveEU za SPU: da li streme ka višem stepenu zaštite životne sredine, promovišu održivi razvoj i doprinoseintegraciji pitanja životne sredine u procesu izrade i usvajanja planova.
Kao osnovni zaključak izdvaja se to da PO/SPU Engleskih „osnovnih strategija“ kao i izabranih izveštajaSPU u Srbiji imaju samo ograničenu efikasnost na osnovu čega se predlažu značajne izmene u procesimaPO/SPU i planiranja u smislu kako postupati sa uočenim problemima.
Ključne reči: održivo planiranje, strateška procena uticaja, efikasnost, Engleska, Srbija
__________________Riki Therivel is a partner with Levett-Therivel sustainability consultants and visiting professor at Oxford Brookes University,Oxford, United KingdomTijana Crnčević, Research fellow at the Institute of architecture and urban and spatial planning of Serbia
Ijaz Ahmad, Ihsan Ullah Bajwa
CONCEPT OF REGION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PAKISTAN
Abstract: Pakistan is a developing country with a population of more than 06 millions. It is growing at avery fast track of about 3.2 percent growth rate. The population is multiplying and its settlements areexpanding and mostly in unplanned way. The settlements those were distant apart now are coming closerand forming bigger and bigger in sizes. The line agencies those are present and mainly responsible to keepan eye on the fast development trends proved unable to check this type of development. The results areappearing in form of shortage of services and development control.
One of the key factor for failure of line agencies to poor development control is the absence of anycomprehensive type of plan that mainly addresses the needs of people residing in these areas. Secondly,
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there is missing links among the agencies those are made responsible to solve the problems of people atdifferent administrative tiers. The main question is while planning what should be the size of area? Whatshould be the delineation criteria of region?
This paper will focus on these two critical issues and will try to explore the main reasons for this. Moreover,the paper will provide guidelines for the line agencies those are made responsible to achieve balanceddevelopment in the area.
Key Words: Urbanization, Unplanned Development, Poor Development Control
__________________Ijaz Ahmad, Assistant Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore,PakistanDr. Ihsan Ullah Bajwa, Assistant Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Engineering and Technology,Lahore, Pakistan
Ijaz Ahmad, Shaker Mahmood
FAILURE OF REGIONAL PLANS IN PAKISTAN; A CASE STUDY OF MULTANBAHAWALPUR REGION
Abstract: Regional Plans play a key role in the development of one area. The theories applied in regionalplans show diversity and different scholars have given varied nature approaches in order to explain the idea.
In Pakistan, regional plans are prepared in order to improve the living conditions of depressed areas. Multanis a metropolitan city located in the south of Pakistan. Bahalwapur is an municipal area located adjacent toMultan. A regional plan is prepared after joining these two areas. The main purpose of the plan was toimprove the socio economic as well as the physical conditions of the areas but unfortunately so far thedesired results could not be achieved.
This paper will explore the strengths and weaknesses of the regional plan prepared for Multan andBahawalpur. It will further suggest the measures based in the weaknesses of the plan.
Key words: Region, Regional Planning, Pakistan
__________________Ijaz Ahmad, Assistant Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Shaker Mahmood, Assistant Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahor, Pakistan
Dane Pejnović, Petra Radeljak, Luka Valožić
PROBLEMI I INSTRUMENTI REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA HRVATSKE U UVJETIMAPRIDRUŽIVANJA EUROPSKOJ UNIJI
Kao rezultat kumulativnog utjecaja brojnih međuzavisnih čimbenika, Hrvatsku karakterizira izrazitoneravnomjeran prostorni razmještaj stanovništva i razvojnih resursa, a povezano s tim i velike razlike uregionalnom razvoju. Štoviše, ona spada u skupinu europskih država s najvećim regionalnim disparitetom.Po prosječnom odstupanju regionalnog BDP-a u odnosu na nacionalni prosjek ispred nje su samo Latvija,Estonija i Mađarska.
Postojeće razlike u regionalnom razvoju zemlje očituju se u nizu indikatora, od stupnja regionalnepolarizacije stanovništva, razine urbaniziranosti, polarizacije radnih resursa, ekonomske razvijenosti, BDPpo stanovniku do indeksa društveno-gospodarske razvijenosti. Moguće ih je pratiti na nekoliko razinaprostorne analize, od statističkih regija (NUTS 2), županija (NUTS 3) do jedinica lokalne samouprave(NUTS 5).
Jedno od temeljnih obilježja suvremenog regionalnog dispariteta Hrvatske funkcionalna je hipertrofiranostZagreba koji prenaglašenom koncentracijom razvojnih resursa utječe na cjelokupni regionalni razvoj zemlje.U prilog tome svjedoče podaci da u glavnom gradu živi 17,5% stanovništva Hrvatske, ali i 20,3%zaposlenih, te 38,5% svih visokoobrazovanih osoba. U njemu je smješteno 33,9% svih poduzeća kojiostvaruju 52% ukupnih prihoda i čak 71,4% ukupne dobiti. No najveći je problem što se njegovasupremacija u urbanom sustavu Hrvatske kontinuirano povećava, s odgovarajućim posljedičnim utjecajem narazlike u regionalnom razvoju zemlje.
O dubini regionalnog dispariteta na NUTS 2 razini (statističke regije: Sjeverozapadna, Jadranska i Panonska)svjedoči raspon BDP p.c. između Sjeverozapadne regije, koja uključuje i grad Zagreb (28,6% iznad prosjekaHrvatske) i Panonske regije (29,4% ispod prosjeka Hrvatske). Sintetički pokazatelj ekonomske razvijenosti
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županija (BDP p.c., zaposlenost/nezaposlenost, bruto plaće i socijalno-ekonomska struktura zaposlenih)pokazuje da su najrazvijeniji dijelovi zemlje Grad Zagreb, Primorsko-goranska županija i Istarska županija, anajslabije razvijeni dijelovi panonske županije, prije svega Vukovarsko-srijemska i Brodsko-posavska, kojekarakteriziraju i nepovoljni trendovi.
Tijekom 1990-ih godina politika regionalnog razvoja u Hrvatskoj odvijala se pod prevladavajućim utjecajemneoliberalnih gledišta i svojevrsnog straha od regionalizma. Regionalni razvoj u tom razdoblju reguliran je sdva zakonska akta: Zakonom o područjima posebne državne skrbi (1996.) i Zakonom o otocima, kojima jenormirana obnova ratom opustošenih područja, odnosno područja zahvaćenih ekstremnim ruralnimpropadanjem. S procesom stabilizacije i pridruživanja EU (1999.), a posebno nakon dobivanja statusa zemljekandidata (2004.) i početka pregovora o pridruživanju (2005.), politika regionalnog razvoja sve više poprimaeuropski kontekst. Povezano s tim, provedene su brojne reforme i strukturna prilagođavanja s ciljemuspostave institucionalne strukture i jačanja administrativnog kapaciteta za provedbu regionalne/kohezijskepolitike. Završnu etapu u tom procesu predstavlja izrada Strategije regionalnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske(2003.-2009.), kao budući okvir njezine regionalne politike. Temeljni je cilj Strategije osposobljavanje svihdijelova zemlje za održivi razvoj i doprinos nacionalnoj konkurentnosti, a razvojni su joj instrumenti: mjereza razvoj županija i NUTS 2 regija, mjere za tzv. potpomognuta područja koja razvojno zaostaju, te mjere zaprekograničnu suradnju.
Ključne riječi: regionalni razvoj, regionalni disparitet, Strategija regionalnog razvoja, Hrvatska
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND INSTRUMENTS IN CROATIA UNDER THECONDITIONS OF ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
As a result of the cumulative effects of numerous interdependent factors, Croatia is characterized by apatently imbalanced spatial distribution of its population and labour resources, and the associated immensedifferences in regional development. Moreover, it is among the group of European countries with the highestregional disparity. In terms of average deviations in regional GDP in comparison to the national average, it isonly preceded by Latvia, Estonia and Hungary.
The existing differences in regional development in the country are manifested in a series of indicators, fromthe degree of regional polarization of the population, urbanization levels, polarization of labour resources,economic development, per capita GDP, and synthetic demographic resource indicators to the index ofsocio-economic development. These can be observed at several levels of spatial analysis, from statisticalregions (NUTS 2) and counties (NUTS 3) to local governmental units (NUTS 5).
One of the fundamental features of contemporary regional disparity in Croatia is the functional hypertrophyof Zagreb which, with its excessive concentration of developmental resources, influences the country’soverall regional development. This is demonstrated by data showing that 17.5% of Croatia’s population livesin the capital, as well as 20.3% of all employed persons and 38.5% of the highly educated. 33.9% of allcompanies are located here, which earn 52% of total revenues and 71.4% of total profits. But the greatestproblem is that its supremacy in Croatia’s urban system is continually growing, with the correspondingcausal influence on differences in the country’s regional development.
The depth of regional disparity at the NUTS 2 level (statistical regions: North-western, Adriatic andPannonian) demonstrates the range between per capita GDP between the North-western region, whichincludes the city of Zagreb (28.6% above Croatia’s average) and the Pannonian region (29.4% belowCroatia’s average). The synthetic indicator of the economic development of the counties (per capita GDP,employment/unemployment, gross salaries and socio-economic structure of the employed) shows that themost developed parts of the country are Zagreb, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County and Istria County, while theleast developed are parts of the Pannonian counties, above all Vukovar-Srijem and Brod-Posavina Counties,which are also characterized by inauspicious trends.
During the 1990s, regional development policy in Croatia has proceeded under the overriding influence ofneo-liberal standpoints and a certain trepidation concerning regionalism. Regional development in this periodwas regulated by two laws: the Regions of Special State Concern Act (1996) and the Islands Act, whichtogether govern the reconstruction of war torn zones and regions beset by extreme rural decay. Overallstabilization and the commencement of the EU accession process (1999), particularly after candidate countrystatus was accorded (2004) and accession talks commenced (2005), meant that regional development policyincreasingly acquired a European context. In this vein, numerous reforms have been implemented andstructural adjustments made with the objective of establishing institutional structures and reinforcingadministrative capacity to implement a regional/cohesive policy. The final phase in this process was the
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formulation of the Regional Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (2003-2009) as the futureframework for its regional policy. The fundamental goal of the Strategy is to make all parts of the countrycapable of sustainable development and to contribute to national competitiveness. Its developmentalinstruments encompass: developmental measures for the counties and NUTS 2 regions, measures for so-called aid-receiving regions which are developmentally lagging, and measures aimed at trans-bordercooperation.
Key words: regional development, regional disparity, Regional Development Strategy, Croatia
Pietro Elisei
THE USE OF ERDF (EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND) THROUGHINTEGRATED PLANS IN ROMANIA: REAL NEEDS OF URBAN RENEWAL AND THE
DISTANT STRATEGIES OF POLICY/POLITICS MAKERS.
Abstract: The Europeization of regional and urban policy is a double-edged sword.Most of urban analysts share the vision that there is a mismatch or misfit among national policies and EU institutions(Boerzel e Risse, 2000,; Cowles, Caporaso, Heritier, 2001). However, the process of Europeization of urban andregional policies can be summarized as follow:1. Europeanization enriches and transforms the institutions (at all administrative levels) and makes more complex theirgovernance frameworks2.Europeization change politics, policies and behaviours of local (of single member states) institutionsIn both cases it is possible to recognise a bi-directional nature of the Europeization on dynamics promoted by theintegration between EU and member states: The member states kick back and influence the set up and design of EUpolicy.Structural funds are an opportunity for changing old governance mechanisms and promote new and innovative forms oflocal governance; it is, however, not to under evaluate the inertias embedded in their management and implementation.To bridge the gap between European Union (EU) urban policies and real planning needs at national/local level has beena key issue and an increasing challenge in Europe in the last 20 years. After two programming periods (1994-1999 and2000-2006) characterized by Community Initiatives addressed to deprived neighbourhoods (Urban Pilot Projects, UrbanI and Urban II), the EU has planned for the 2007-2013 period a significant role in the realm of urban policiesincorporating, for the first time, a specific objective devoted to territorial questions: The European Territorial Co-operationIn Romania for the period 2007-2013 the Regional Operational Plan (ROP- ERDF Structural Funds) is investing 1,4billions in the elaboration of Urban Integrated Development Plans (UIDP) and individual urban projects: a clear,tangible and outstanding investment in urban regeneration and renewal that could influence the capability of cites tocompete at different territorial scales.As many other East European cities, the Romanian ones experience a remarkable phase of transition from the urban,economic and social point of view, based on a fundamental change from a centrally-planned to a market-basedeconomy. This passage towards integrated planning is not proceeding as a smooth and obvious process. The presentstate of the art - definable through the relationship among territorial and urban needs, EU principles and regulationsregarding the definition of structural funds, urban projects, and political interest in the use of EU funds - is disruptiveand, in some cases, pushing the process into deadlocks. EU money, if not well driven towards strategic choicesconsidering the importance of the urban questions, will create serious problem in terms of improper land usemanagement and connected use of human and natural resources. The Romanian Integrated Development Plans (namedPIDU, Planul Integrat de Dezvoltare Urbana) - the key tools in order to make effective and efficient the use of ERDF -have generally become standardized procedure in the hands of consultancy firms. The opportunity to launch a new andinnovative phase of participated and creative town and regional planning, having the local levels as protagonist, isalmost lost. There are of course few exceptions, but they are still to assess on longer periods.On the background is not to forget how obtaining EU grants is for all member states a key issue. Arithmetical statisticalindicators rather than design of spatial frameworks outline the basis for funding. The EU policy that is most relevant tospatial planning – EU regional policy – does not invoke a spatial framework, nor does any other EU policy (Faludi, A.,2009).How do policies for territorial cohesion could be re-balanced? This paper aims to sketch some indications starting fromlessons learned working on implementation of urban integrated plans in a post-socialist country, recently become amember state.
Key words: Territorial cohesion, integrated urban planning, regional development, Europeization of regionalpolicies, structural funds.__________________Pietro Elisei is secretary general of planum.net, The European Journal of Planning Online. He has been working in the last twoyears in Romania as international expert in urban regeneration policies and integrated planning (consultant for different projectspromoted and coordinated by the Romanian Ministry of Regional Development and Housing)
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Alma Zavodnik Lamovšek, Samo Drobne
ACCESSIBILITY TO THE PUBLIC SERVICES AS A TOOL TO ACHIEVE THE POLYCENTRICREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVENIA
Abstract: Polycentricism is to be taken as a concept used to describe regional structures of all scales (sizes)and at all levels, that is, from the European and national levels to the regional and local ones. The largeconflicts occur especially between the European urban network as whole and urban networks at the levels ofcountries and regions. Small-sized countries and countries and regions outside the »Pentagon« area havelarge problems in meeting the strategic goals (»Lisbon strategy«) on the one hand and complying with theirown guidelines for achieving polycentric development on the other hand. The same problems and conflictsare rising also in Slovenia, which is one of the smallest and most polycentric country of the EuropeanUnion. Those problems and conflicts could be solved by proper regionalisation of the Slovenia, which isvery topic at professional and political level since the attainment of independence the Yugoslav Federation in1991.
In this paper we tried to show the accessibility to the public services as one of the available tools to achievethe polycentric regional development. The methodology based on the research of the six models ofregionalisation of the Slovenia (Slovenia as one administrative region, and regionalisation of the Slovenia on3, 6, 8, 12 and 14 administrative regions). All models are studied with the same criteria (area of the 30 and45 minutes accessibility to the public services in regional centres) and indicators (spatial distribution ofpublic services, number of public services in regional/urban centre, spatial distribution and number ofinhabitants in area of the 30 and 45 minutes accessibility to the regional centres).
The results show that the accessibility to the regional centres is better by regionalisation on larger number ofadministrative regions. Therefore, we estimate accessibility as strong qualitative criteria to achievingbalanced and polycentric regional development. But the results of the comparison of all six models show alsothat accessibility to the public services is necessarily but not sufficient tool to achieving the polycentricregional development. Therefore, it is necessary to consider also qualitative criteria to shape a balancedregionalization, which can answered on above mentioned conflicts of goals for achieving polycentricregional development.
Key words: regions, administrative regions, accessibility, polycentricism, regional development, polycentricregional development, Slovenia.
__________________Alma Zavodnik Lamovšek and Samo Drobne, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Ljubljana,Slovenia
Dragan Dunčić, Krčum Nenad
JAVNO I PRIVATNO PARTNERSTVO U OBLASTI KOMUNALNIH DELATNOSTI
Apstrakt : Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na naiskorišćeni potencijal javnog i privatnog partnerstva za razvoj unašoj zemlji i na mogućnost njegove primene i u postojećem zakonskom okviru. Rad analizira i pravni iekonomski aspekt javnog i privatnog partnerstva u oblasti komunalnih delatnosti na nivou lokalnesamouprave. U radu se predlažu mogući modeli javnog i privatnog partnerstva (Koncesija, Sticanje“udela” u javnom komunalnom preduzecu, Ugovor o poveravanju obavljanja komunalne delatnosti,Zajednicko društvo ) a na osnovu međunarodnih modela i iskustava, a u skladu sa postojećim zakonskimokviromu našoj zemlji. Rad ukazuje i na neka pozitivna iskustva iz Evrope u oblasti javnog i privatnogpartnerstva (koncesija/ affirmage, koncesija/ BOT, . . .).
Ključne reči: javno i privatno partnerstvo, investitior, lokalna samoprava, rizik, zakoni, komunalnedelatnosti, razvoj, pravni i ekonomski aspekt, modeli, koncesija, udeo u valsništvu, zajedničko društvo,međunarodno iskustvo.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE AREA OF PUBLIC-UTILITY SERVICES
Abstract : The aim of this paper is to point out to an unutilized potential of public and private partnershipfor development in our country and to a possibility of its application within the existing legal framework.The paper also analyses both legal and economic aspect of public and private partnership in the area of
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public-utility services on the level of a local self-government. It proposes possible models of public andprivate partnership (concession, acquiring a share in a public-utility company, Contract on PerformingPublic-Utility Services) on the basis of international models and experience and in accordance with thecurrent legal framework in our country. The paper states some positive experiences from Europe in the areaof public and private partnership (concession/affirmage, concession/BOT…).
Key words : public and private partnership, investor, local self-government, risk, laws, public-utilityservices, development, legal and economic aspect, models, concession, share in ownership, joint company,international experience.
__________________Dragan Dunčić, dpp, JP „Zavod za izgradnju Grada“ Novi SadKrčum Nenad, dpp, JP „Direkcija za izgradnju“, Smederevo
B. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA
B. REGIONALNI RAZVOJ SRBIJE
Marija Nikolić, Vesna Popović, Jasna Petrić
EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL POLICY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR SERBIANSTRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES
Abstract: New dynamics in supply and demand of food, feed and biofuels in the world will make newopportunities for agriculture. As the world is committed to reducing poverty and achieving sustainablegrowth, the powers of agriculture for development must not be neglected. According to World Bank cross-country estimation, GDP growth originating in agriculture is at least twice as effective in reducing poverty asGDP growth originating outside agriculture. This requires building the capacity of smallholders and theirorganization, private agribusiness and the state, in the sound macroeconomic conditions. Globalization,decentralization, migration trends and the emergence of new product and service markets pose newchallenges to rural regions that must be innovative and rest on well developed human capital, effective use oftechnology, a dynamic financial sector and a public policy that is adapted to the new profile of rural areas.
The importance of agriculture throughout Europe today is mainly linking to the role it plays as the upstreamsector of the food industry and as a critical component of territorial development, particularly in rural areas.The 2005 EU Consensus on Development states that agriculture and rural development are crucial forpoverty reduction and growth. To re-launch investment in these areas, the Community supports country-led,participatory, decentralised and environmentally sustainable territorial development. EU CAP with itsdecoupled direct payments to farmers (Pillar I) and a growth-oriented and innovative rural policy (Pillar II)have been redesigned recently to make it work for Lisbon and Gothenburg Strategy aims. However, severalempirical studies and critical reviewers indicate, at best questionable and strongly region-specific,contribution of the reformed CAP in fostering regional growth and cohesion, beside its doubtless positiveenvironmental and social effects.
Traditionally, agriculture has prominent position in Serbian economy, thanks to its share in ruralemployment and significant land resources, especially in the less-developed regions with good agriculturalpotential. For regions without such potential, the transition out of agriculture and the provision ofenvironmental services might offer better prospects. In both cases, adequate regionalization and measures ofsupport to better infrastructure and technologies equipment adapted to local milieu and linked with dynamicRNF sector in secondary towns are necessary. The CAP-like RDP measures aimed to favoring theinnovations, new infrastructure and physical and human capital will best promote efficiency and productivityimprovements in agriculture and integrated sectors and contribute to dynamic growth and rise inemployment, sustainable use of natural resources and balanced territorial development, that are consideredfor strategic national development objectives.
Key words: agriculture, growth, sustainability, territorial development, EU accession.
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EVROPSKA POLJOPRIVREDNA I RURALNA POLITIKA I NJEN ZNAČAJ ZA ODREĐIVANJESTRATEŠKIH RAZVOJNIH PRIORITETA SRBIJE
Apstrakt: Nova dinamika snabdevanja i potražnje za hranom, obezbeđivanje hrane i biogoriva u svetu stvaraju novemogućnosti za poljoprivredu. Imajući u vidu da se svet obavezao na smanjenje siromaštva i postizanje održivog rasta,razvojne mogućnosti poljoprivrede ne smeju biti zanemarivane. Na osnovu međunarodnih procena Svetske banke, rastBDP-a koji potiče iz poljoprivrede najmanje je dvostruko delotvorniji na smanjenje siromaštva u poređenju sa rastomBDP-a koji potiče van poljoprivrede. Stoga je potrebno izgraditi kapacitete vlasnika malih poseda i njihovogorganizovanja, privatnog poljoprivrednog poslovanja i države u zdravim makroekonomskim uslovima. Globalizacija,decentralizacija, migracioni trendovi i pojava novih tržišta proizvoda i usluga, postavljaju nove izazove pred ruralneregione koji moraju da budu inovativni i da počivaju na dobro razvijenom ljudskom kapitalu, efikasnom korišćenjutehnologije, dinamičnom finansijskom sektoru i javnoj politici koja je prilagođena novom profilu ruralnih područja.
Značaj poljoprivrede u Evropi se danas uglavnom vezuje za ulogu koju igra u narastajućem sektoru prehrambeneindustrije, kao i za njenu ulogu kritične komponente teritorijalnog razvoja, pre svega u ruralnim područjima. Evropskikonsenzus o razvoju iz 2005. godine navodi da su poljoprivreda i ruralni razvoj kritični za smanjenje siromaštva i zarast. Za podsticanje investiranja u ova područja, Evropska unija podržava nacionalno vođen, participativan,decentralizovan i ekološki održiv teritorijalni razvoj. Evropska Zajednička poljoprivredna politika (CAP) svojimrazdvojenim direktnim plaćanjima poljoprivrednicima (Stub I) i ruralnoj politici koja je usmerena na rast i inovaciju(Stub II), nedavno je dorađena kako bi omogućila realizaciju lisabonskih i geteborških strateških ciljeva. Ipak, nekolikoempirijskih studija i kritičkih osvrta ukazuju na, u najboljem slučaju diskutabilan i izrazito regionalno specifičandopirinos reformisane CAP za podsticanje ragionalnog razvoja i kohezije, uz njene nesumnjive pozitivne uticaje naživotnu sredinu i društvo.
Poljoprivreda ima tradicionalno istaknutu poziciju u srpskoj privredi, zahvaljujući svom udelu u ruralnom zapošljavanjui značajnim zemljišnim resursima, a posebno u slabije razvijenim područjima sa vrednim poljoprivrednim potencijalom.Regionima bez takvog potencijala, prelazak iz poljoprivrede i omogućavanje delatnosti u skladu sa životnom sredinommogu ponuditi bolju perspektivu. U oba slučaja je neophodna odgovarajuća regionalizacija i mere podrške boljojinfrastrukturi i tehnološkom opremanju koji su prilagođeni lokalnoj sredini i povezani sa ruralnim nepoljoprivrednimsektorom (RNF) manjih gradova. Mere programa ruralnog razvoja (RDP) koje nalikuju CAP-ovim merama i usmerenesu na podršku inovacijama, novoj infrastrukturi, fizičkom i ljudskom kapitalu, najbolje će promovisati efikasnost iunapređenje produktivnosti u poljoprivredi i srodnim sektorima, i doprineće dinamičnom rastu i povećanju zaposlenosti,održivom korišćenju prirodnih resursa i uravnoteženom teritorijalnom razvoju, što predstavlja državne strateškerazvojne ciljeve.
Ključne reči: poljoprivreda, rast, održivost, teritorijalni razvoj, proširenje Evropske unije.
__________________Marija Nikolić, PhD, BSc Agricultural Eng., Research Counselor Emeritus, Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planningof Serbia, BelgradeVesna Popović, PhD, Senior Research Associate, Institute for Agricultural Economics, BelgradeJasna Petrić, PhD, BSc in Spatial Planning, Research Fellow, Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia,Belgrade
Borislav Stojkov
INSTITUCIONALNI OKVIR PROSTORNOG RAZVOJA I PLANIRANJA U SRBIJI
Abstrakt: Prostorno planiranje u Srbiji sve više dobija na značaju dok neka važna pitanja u tom okviru tražedalja razjašnjenja. Jedno od kritičnih je i pitanje implementacije strateških planova i položaja prostornihplanova u sistemu upravljanja na državnom i lokalnom nivou. U ovom radu, pored objašnjenja ključnihpojmova izvršena je sistematizacija ključnih instrumenata uprave u odnosu na prostorni razvoj određeneteritorije. Posebno su obrađeni sledeći instrumenti: (a) legislativni okvir, (b) strateški planovi i planiranje, (c)eksterni uticaji, (d) institucije i kadrovi, (e) finansijski okviri, (f) informacioni sistem, (g) participacija aktera,i najznačajniji (h) administrativno-teritorijalna organizacija, nadležnosti, prava i odgovornosti. U radu suistaknute činjenice o situaciji oko ovih instrumenata u Srbiji, problemi u njihovom aktiviranju i mogućnostiunapređenja. Ocena autora je da od unapređenja sistema upravljanja prostornim razvojem u najvećoj merizavisi uspešnost ekološko-fizičkog, ekonomskog i socijalnog razvoja Srbije i njenih konstitutivnih delova.
Ključne reči: implementacija, prostorni razvoj, instrumenti, sistematizacija, teritorija
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THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT ANDPLANNING IN SERBIA
Abstract: The spatial planning in Serbia is progressively developing its significance while some criticalissues in this context ask for further elaboration. One of the most critical is issue on strategic plansimplementation and the position of spatial plans within the system of local and national governance. Aside ofexplaining some basic ideas, the article is elaborating the systematization of key instruments of both tiersgovernments related to spatial development of a certain territory. The next instruments have been elaboratedin particular: (a) legislative framework, (b) strategic plans and planning, (c) external impacts, (d) institutionsand staff, (e) financial resources, (f) information system, (g) participation of stakeholders, and the mostimportant (h) administrative-territorial organization, jurisdictions, rights and responsibilities.
The article emphasizes facts on the situation with these instruments in Serbia, problems in their activatingand some possibilities in improving the situation. The author deems that success of physical-ecological,economic and social development mostly depends on impro- ving the governance related to spatialdevelopment in Serbia and its constitutional territorial units.
Key words: implementation, spatial development, instruments, systematization, territory
__________________Prof.dr Borislav Stojkov, Republička agencija za prostorno planiranje
Živanović Zora, Trkulja Siniša
METODOLOGIJA IZRADE REGIONALNIH PROSTORNIH PLANOVAU SRBIJI I POREĐENJE SA HRVATSKOM I FRANCUSKOM
Apstrakt: Jedan od razloga marginalizovanosti regionalnog nivoa prostornog planiranja je odsustvoadekvatne regionalizacija Srbije i nedovoljno pridavanje značja planiranju na ovom nivou. Kroz iniciranjeizrade dva regionalna prostorna plana: Južnog Pomoravlja i Timočke Krajine, otpočeo je proces reafirmacijeregionalnog planiranja u Srbiji, koji će doprineti izvesnim novinama u metodologiji izrade prostornihplanova na regionalnom nivou. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na prednosti i nedostatke osmišljene metodologijekroz njenu komparaciju sa onom koja je primenjena u Hrvatskoj kao državi sa sličnim nasleđem u domenuprostornog planiranja, i sa metodologijom u Francuskoj, kao jednoj od istaknutih članica Evropske Unije.
Ključne reči: regionalno planiranje, poređenje, metodologija, Srbija, Hrvatska, Francuska
REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANS ELABORATION METHODOLOGYIN SERBIA AND COMPARISON WITH CROATIA AND FRANCE
Abstract: One of reasons for marginalization of regional level in spatial planning is the long absence ofappropriate regionalization of Serbia and insufficient awareness of the importance of planning at this level.Through the initiative for elaboration of two regional spatial plans: for the Timok Region and the South-Morava Region, the process of reaffirmation of regional planning in Serbia has started, it will contribute toinnovations in the methodology for spatial planning at the regional level. The aim of this article is to indicateadvantages and disadvantages of the methodological concept through its comparison with those which areapplied in Croatia as a country with similar heritage in the domain of spatial planning, and with themethodology in France, as one of the important members of the European Union.
Key words: regional planning, comparison, methodology, Serbia, Croatia, France
Ljiljana Vasilevska, Milanka Vasić
STRATEŠKO PLANIRANJE KAO MEHANIZAM POLITIKE REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA
Apstrakt: Obnavljanje interesovanja za strateški pristup organizaciji prostora na regionalnom nivou jeposlednjih decenija dobilo na značaju i, pre svega je rezultat promenjenih uslova u savremenom društvu, kojisu nužno doveli do značajnih promena kako u teoriji, tako i u praksi planiranja mnogih zemalja, posebnozemalja članica EU. To je u velikoj meri izraz obnavljanja legitimiteta i uloge prostornog planiranja usistemu društvene regulacije, pri čemu je naročito na važnosti dobilo strateško planiranje, između ostalog izbog sve veće aktuelizacije envajromentalnog koncepta i planiranja održivog razvoja, ali i zbog interesatržišta i ekonomskog razvoja. Čini se da ovaj pristup može da pretstavlja adekvatan okvir za integrisanjeekonomskog planiranja, prostornog–urbanističkog planiranja i envajromentalnog planiranja na regionalnomnivou. Evidentna težnja ka integralnosti u planiranju postoji, a tu integrativnu ulogu u najvećoj meri mogu
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preuzeti regionalni prostorni planovi, tako što obuhvataju jedan veliki broj elemenata zaštite životne sredine isocioekonomskog razvoja. U radu se, osim osvrta na razvoj strateškog planiranja na teoretskom i praktičnomnivou, upravo razmatra evropski kontekst strateškog planiranja kao mehanizma regulisanja regionalnograzvoja i definišu mogućnosti primene određenih iskustava u našim uslovima.
Ključne reči: strateško planiranje, regionalni razvoj, politika regionalnog razvoja, planski mehanizam,implementacija
__________________Ljiljana Vasilevska, Docent, Građevinsko-arhitektonski fakultet NišMilanka Vasić, Asistent, dipl.ing. arh., Građevinsko-arhitektonski fakultet Niš
Anđelija Cvetić
STANJE "TREĆEG" SEKTORA U SRBIJI I NJEGOVA OSPOSOBLJENOST ZAUČESTVOVANJE U STRATEŠKIM ODLUKAMA I PLANIRANJU
Apstrakt: Rad pruža pregled kroz nevladine organizacije u Srbiji, njihovu programsku opredeljenost, načinrada i kapacitete ispitane sa stanovišta mogućnosti učešća u regionalnom planiranju, prostornom razvoju idonošenjem strateških odluka. Stiče se utisak da je učešće nevladinih organizacija odnosno „trećeg“ sektorau Srbiji u poslednjih nekoliko godina postalo društveno poželjno opredeljenje prilikom donošenja svihodluka od javnog značaja. Nastojaćemo da istražimo koliko su učesnici civilnog društva osposobljeni zaovakav način razmišljanja i planiranja, te da bude input ili koristan pregled za neke druge radove ili pilotprojekte koji bi se bavili načinima za participaciju „trećeg“ sektora u prostornom/regionalnom/strateškomplaniranju. Odabir i prikaz udruženja građana biće fokusiran na organizacije kod kojih je prostorno odnosnoregionalno planiranje u skladu sa programskim opredeljenjem i organizacije koje, iako to nemaju eksplicitnonavedeno u statutu, po svom intresovanju i angažmanu mogu biti važan akter u donošenju kvalitetnihplanskih odluka.
Ključne reči: „treći“ sektor, nevladine organizacije, udruženja građana, civilno društvo, participacija
THE 3RD SECTOR SITUATION IN SERBIA, ITS CAPACITY FOR PARTICIPATION INSTRATEGIC DECISIONS AND PLANNING
Abstract: The Paper reviews through the NGO’s in Serbia, their program orientation, way of working andcapacity, looked through the possibility of participation in regional planning, environment development andstrategic decision making. It seems that the participation of NGO’s, that is, the ’third’ sector in Serbia hasbecome a desirable orientation in the recent years, when it comes to making all kinds of decisions that havepublic importance. We will try to explore to what extent the members of civil society are skilled for, thiskind of thinking and planning, as well as to produce input or to serve as a review for some other papers orpilot projects with the topic of including the ’third’ sector in environment/ regional/ strategic planning. Theselection and the presentation of NGO’s will be focused on organizations oriented on environment andregional planning, but also on organizations which, although not explicitly mentioned in their program, couldbe an important factor when it comes to making quality Plans.
Key words: third sector, NGO (non-goverment organization), civil society, participation
__________________Anđelija Cvetić,dia, student doktorskih studija na Arhitektonskom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu, smer: urbanizam
Hedayat Omidvar
PROSPECT OF NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY IN IRAN
Abstract: Iran holds the second largest gas reserves in the word with over 27.5 trillion cubic meters (TCM) ofnatural gas. Due to lack of geological surveys in certain geographical regions in Iran. It is likely to explorefurther reserves in the future.
Hence, for utilizing this energy carrier, it is essential to have comprehensive and explicit planningknowledge. The study of gas industry development policies is indicative of certain barriers in utilizingprospective opportunities. Iran is one of the largest gas rich countries in the world that production capacityexceeds domestic consumption and gas injection requirements. Gas can be utilized as feed stock in
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petrochemical plants and refineries or exported through pipeline or LNG. Through re-injection of gas to oilreservoirs, while increasing the oil recovery ratios, the produced gases from fields shared with othercountries could be stored into domestic gas fields.
Gas consumption in domestic markets and its substitution with oil products, in addition to providingenvironmental benefits, will also result in optimum consumption of these products and relieving thegovernment from the heavy burden of existing and heavy expenditures of importing these products fromforeign countries.
The need for energy sources in the world along with the enormous natural gas reserves in the country opensbroad economical/political dialogue scene towards us and contributes an outstanding strategic significance toour gas resources. Supplying gas requirements, proper and timely production and operation of jointreservoirs such as the south pars with the intention of supplying gas requirements and providing balance ofsupply and demand as well as maximum utilization of our share in these fields are other developmentrequirements of this significant industry.
For planning and policy making regarding the development of gas industry, it is essential to manage allaspects of gas from exploration and production to consumption, injection and exports and etc. through a soleadministrative institution so that prearranged plans could be implemented without becoming subjected tosuch problems as lack of coordination parallel activities and organization al problems.
Gas fuels consumption occupies one half of Iran's energy consumption, and to increment this share, thegovernment should increase investment in the gas sector.
Natural gas while being utilized as a clean fuel in domestic markets can become a device to implement gasinjection to oil production from the countries reserves as well as gas exports towards presence ininternational venues and commercializing gas globally.
Prediction indicates that natural gas being the favorable fuel of the present century, will enjoy the largestgrowth among items within the energy basket and during the next twenty years as well, the growth of naturalgas demand in the world will exceed other conventional energy sources. In the future, due to various factorssuch as vaster accessible sources and reserves, developed technologies which in effect reduce projectexpenditure and construction periods and consequently improve the economy of developing gas transmissionprojects, as well as global endeavors to curtail emission of green house gases, are the major reasons for gasconsumption growth.
Iran, in respect to her geographical and political strategic situation, can play a leading role in global gassupply and act in Europe and Asia. Natural gas still maintains the fastest consumption growth rate among theworld's primary energies and is realized to have the highest consumption growth among the developingcountries.
Gas has been recognizing as the fuel for the future. This is entirely evident as a result of decreasing globalresources due to environmental considerations. According to IEA estimates, in year 2015, oil demand willreach 93 million barrels and natural gas demand will reach 64 million barrels of oil equivalent. This in effectis a 20% increase for oil and 45% for gas in regard to current figures in conclusion. It could be stated thatmore than ever before, gas has gained significance and is the leading basis for modern services in energy,and in the long term is considered a bridge towards a hydrogen resource based economy.
Gas as a new fuel, provides the modern technology of fuel cell construction for vehicles possible. To portraythe enormity of Iran gas reserves it is enough to consider that Iran's natural gas reserves alone exceeds thetotal volume of natural gas reserves in USA, Canada, Europe and the entire Asia pacific.
__________________Hedayat Omidvar, Member of IGU Marketing Committee, Head of Communication Affairs with Science & Research Centers,Research & Technology Dept., National Iranian Gas Company, Tehran, Iran
Paolo Tomasella
THE REQUALIFICATION PROCESS OF THE SMALL HISTORICAL CENTRES IN FRIULIVENEZIA GIULIA REGION WITH THE SUPPORT OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES
Abrstract: After the earthquake of may 6th 1976, the theme of requalification of historical urban centers, hasundertaken primary importance for the Government of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. From that periodthe local authorities has promoted a turn of interventions addressed to the requalification of small historicalcenters and rural settlements existing in the territory, through the concession of publics funds, europeancontributions and private interventions. From that period the Region organically provides incentives for the
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revitalization of the primary historical centers and their urban and social weaving, by financing urbanizationworks and recovery interventions carried out by the Municipalities. Such measures are mainly addressed tothe requalification of urban centres and infrastructures, of the services and collective equipements, to theprotection and safeguards of some environmental, social and cultural values and historical testimony of thebuildings. The Region also grants long-terms contributions in order to encourage the process ofrequalification of the small centers and the rural villages, in a perspective of harmonic development of theenvironmental social, cultural and tourist values. For this purpose the Regional Government periodically layout an organic programme of the interventions, by indentifying the Municipalities and the works admissibleto be financed. Through the european funds made available from the Programme «DOCUP Obiettivo 2»1994-1999, 2000-2006 and now 2007-20013, they has been financed: interventions of requalification for therestoration of the decayed urban areas with special historical value; the restoring and development ofregional natural reserves and parks; the improving of urban areas in the small centres, in order to increase theattraction capability in terms of economical, environmental, social, cultural and tourist development.Concerning that, the recover, in mountain area, of the traditional housing typologies in guest-houses, hasdetermined outstanding results for the local economy. The valuable results, until now reached, they havebeen possible thanks to the involvement of the Local Authorities through the accomplishment of publicworks for the development, conservation and restoring of the rural typical villages, together with therealisation of private projects, for the building restoration in order to upgrade the touristic and hospitalityoffer in the territory.
Keywords: urban requalification, historical centres, local authorities, district economy, cultural values,tourist development.
__________________Paolo Tomasella, Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia
Orna Rosenfeld
GOVERNANCE OF RELOCATION- Implementation and management of residential relocation processes
within the Housing Market Renewal Programme in England -
It has been known since WWII slum clearance that demolition and residential relocation present one of themost complex forms of planning intervention. Achieving synergies between demolition, residentialrelocation and new building presents extreme difficulties in managing the interests and actions of differentstakeholders (Cole & Flint, 2007). When mismanaged, demolition and relocation, may incur 'heavypsychological costs of enforced relocation and the social cost of the destruction of healthy communities'(Carmon, 1999).
In England, nearly half a century after they were abandoned, demolition and relocation schemes have beenrestored as urban renewal tools. The Housing Market Renewal Initiative proposed demolition of around100,000 properties as a part of a strategy to renew failing housing markets in North England and theMidlands.
In attempt to rectify the mistakes from the past and help create cohesive, sustainable communities, theHousing Market Renewal became a major source of proliferation of innovative financial assistance packagesaimed at assisting relocation of affected residents and discounting new housing supply (Cole & Flint, 2007).This combined with freedom given to sub-regional partnerships – Pathfinders - to develop locally attunedstrategies and stress on community engagement, gave a promise of a radical shift to relocation management.
In the past, the processes that shape relocation outcomes (such a resource distribution, demolition and newbuilding and resident relocation) have been researched separately. Yet, achieving synergy between theseseemingly separate planning tasks has been considered a key to minimising disruption of affectedcommunities (Cole & Flint, 2007, Carnea, 2002).
This paper explores different approaches to implementation and management of processes shapingresidential relocation and their impact on residents in specific local context within the Housing MarketRenewal programme. In doing so it engages with the theoretical debates about the governance structures andtheir capacities.
Based on detailed case study research, the paper argues that the high dependence on financial assistance forrelocation (in forms of grants, loans and equity loans) made policy extremely sensitive to both micro andmacro market shifts. Highly localized approach to policy design (and in particular to the relocation of
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residents) has led to the proliferation of a range of governance strategies that substantially differ over timeand space. Lack of coherence and links between the different processes is endemic. Consequently, theoutcomes for the residents in terms of alternative property location, quality and tenure have been contrasting.The relocation results on sub-regional, local authority, project and household level have been inconsistent ifnot chaotic in form. Even though a substantial proportion of the 2 billion policy fund has been invested indemolition and relocation the process is overshadowed by great uncertainty for residents.
Key words: Urban regeneration, residential relocation, governance networks, decision making process.
__________________Orna Rosenfeld, School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Department of Urban Regeneration and Development,University of Westminster
Lana Slavuj, Marin Cvitanović, Vedran Prelogović
APPEARANCE OF CONFLICT SPACES IN ZAGEB DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD
Abstract: From the beginning of the 1990’ major changes have occurred in the city of Zagreb's space. As inother post socialist countries, the transition era resulted in complex social, functional and morphologicaltransformations which left distinct signs in the urban structure.
At the beginning of 2000’, the Spatial Plan of Zagreb Metropolitan Area and the Master Plan of Zagreb werebrought with the aim to streamline the development of the city's territory. Nevertheless, due to someoversights, these legal regulations weren’t completely successful, but influenced the appearance of newconflict spaces. This is especially manifested in the changes of certain planning documents whichdiscriminated public interest in favor of private capital.
This paper puts emphasis on the analysis of functional and morphological changes in Zagreb during the 20year time frame. Twelve types of conflict areas/effects which manifest the afore mentioned changes havebeen identified, ranging from the transformation of public spaces into private, reassigning industrial and oldresidential areas, changing the city’s skyline and overdevelopment of certain commercial and residentialareas. In addition, traffic jamming, environmental problems caused by inadequate waste management andlandslides due to intense construction and deforesting have been noted.
Keywords: Zagreb, conflict areas, urbanization, spatial planning
POJAVA KONFLIKTNIH PROSTORA U ZAGREBU TIJEKOM TRANZICIJE
Sažetak: Period od početka 1990-ih godina obilježen je značajnim promjenama u prostoru grada Zagreba.Kao i u drugim postsocijalističkim zemljama, razdoblje tranzicije rezultiralo je kompleksnim društvenim,funkcionalnim i morfološkim transformacijama koje su svoj upečatljiv trag ostavile u urbanoj strukturi.
Početkom 2000-ih godina doneseni su Prostorni plan grada Zagreba i Generalni urbanistički plan u svrhuusmjeravanja razvoja užeg i šireg gradskog područja. Međutim, niti nova zakonska regulativa nije uspjela upotpunosti regulirati razvoj grada, već je određenim propustima utjecala na pojavu novih konfliktnihprostora. Posebno se to očituje u izmjenama pojedinih planskih dokumenata čime se izravno pogodovaloprivatnim, a ne javnim interesima.
Naglasak ovog rada je na analizi funkcionalnih i morfoloških promjena u Zagrebu koje su nastale uspomenutom razdoblju. U tu svrhu identificirano je 12 karakterističnih tipova konfliktnih prostora/pojava ukojima se manifestiraju navedene promjene ponajprije kroz transformaciju javnih prostora u privatne,prenamjenu industrijskog zemljišta i starog stambenog prostora, mijenjanje vizure grada, te preizgrađenostpojedinih gradskih dijelova stambenom i poslovnom infrastrukturom. Osim toga, javljaju se i ekološkiproblemi uzrokovani neodgovarajućom sanacijom otpada, aktivacijom klizišta uslijed prevelike izgradnje isječe, te prometna zakrčenost.
Ključne riječi: Zagreb, konfliktni prostori, urbanizacija, prostorno planiranje__________________Lana Slavuj, Marin Cvitanović, Vedran Prelogović, University of Zagreb, Faculty of science, Department of Geography
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Geoffrey I Nwaka
PLANNING SUSTAINABLE CITIES IN AFRICA
Poverty and rapid urbanization are two of the greatest challenges facing Africa today. UN-Habitat estimatesthat Sub-Saharan African cities have over 166 million slum dwellers, most of who work in the informalsector where they simply do not earn enough to afford decent shelter and services. What does sustainabilitymean for such cities and such townspeople? Agenda 21 of the Rio Earth Summit emphasized that sustainabledevelopment has to be socially just and ecologically stable, and that the creation of sustainable humansettlements is integral to the achievement of sustainable development. The main policy challenge for Africais how to plan and manage rapid urban growth in a way that promotes employment, income and shelter forthe poor, and at the same time ensures a safe, healthy and socially acceptable environment; how to forestallthe growth and spread of slums, and ensure that the existing ones are upgraded and progressively integratedinto the urban mainstream. The central argument is that human development and welfare ought to be at thecentre of the concern for sustainable urbanization in Africa. While acknowledging the importance of the‘green agenda’ for protecting natural resources and ecosystems in order to ensure long term globalsustainability, the paper maintains that the proper starting point in the quest for urban sustainability in Africais to improve the living and working environment of townspeople, especially the urban poor who face a moreimmediate environmental threat to their health and well being. The human development approach calls forrethinking the traditional engineering approach, and broadening the narrow technical focus of conventionaltown planning and urban management in order to incorporate the principles of urban health and sustainabilityembodied in the Habitat Agenda, ILO’s Decent Work Agenda, WHO’s Healthy Cities programme, andother recent global initiatives which provide guidance on how to make cities everywhere more inclusive andsocially sustainable. The aim is to identify the lessons that could help to promote a more positive view andpolicy regarding the poor and the informal city. The paper concludes with some general reflections on thefuture of the African city, what form it will take, and how to bring about the changes needed to make thesecities healthier, more productive, inclusive and equitable, and better able to meet people’s needs.
Keywords: Africa, environmental health, poverty and inequality, sustainable and inclusive cities________________________Geoffrey I Nwaka, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria, MA (Birmingham), PhD (Dalhousie), Nigerian, Professor of History and former Dean ofPostgraduate Studies at Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria. Several years of teaching and research in the Nigerian university system, and variedinternational experience as researcher/visiting scholar in Europe, Australia and North America. Research interests in historical and contemporaryurban issues, environmental protection, and African development. Author of several scholarly publications. Served in government during 1990/91 asSpecial Adviser to the Governor of Imo State.
Branko AJ Turnšek, Ljiljana Jevremović
PROSTORNI RAZMEŠTAJ CENTARA ZAJEDNICE SELA I OPREMLJENOSTINFRASTRUKTURNIM OBJEKTIMA I SISTEMIMA NA PRIMERU RURALNOG PROSTORA
GRADA NIŠA
Apstrakt: U radu će biti komentarisani rezultati istraživanja sprovedenog na terirtoriji koju administrativnoobuhvata grad Niš. Samo istraživanje je potvrdilo pretpostavke i formiralo dobru bazu podataka za kvalitetnoformulisanje problema i usmeravanje aktivnosti u cilju njihovog rešavanja. Na prostoru Grada oko 50% seoskihnaselja je populaciono ugroženo (33 od ukupno 69), sa oko ili manje od 300 stanovnika, dok se za 10% može reći daje na granici fizičkog opstanka, sa manje od 100 stanovnika. Prosečna starost je oko 60 godina, a broj članova doma-ćinstva dva, a često i manje. Već ove činjenice dovoljno govore o stepenu devastacije i depopulacije značajnog delaruralnog prostora.Centri zajednice sela, su neujednačeno raspoređeni, ponajviše u prigradskim i naseljima dobro povezanim sagradom, dok su van njih ostali veliki prostori. Stiče se utisak o administrativnoj a ne suštinskoj i planskojorganizaciji. Kada se radi o izrazito ruralnim prostorima, situacija je izrazito nepovoljna. Loše veze, nedostatakkulturnih, školskih, sportskih, uslužnih i drugih sadržaja, kao i neadekvatna infrastrukturna opremljenost i nerešenikomunalni problemi su definisali loše uslove života i samim tim uslovili napuštanje istih. Pored fizičke udaljenosti,kao relevantan parametar sa najvećom ulogom se nameće dobra saobraćajna povezanost sa gradom.Nasuprot, populaciono najaktivnija su prigradska naselja. Broj dece opada i u samom gradu (njegovim centralnimzonama), dok jedino raste u prigradskim naseljima. Gustina stanovništva, i pored primarno individualnog stanovanja,u nekim prigradskim zonama dostiže gustinu urbanih. U njih se znatno ulaže i na taj način produbljuje razlikaizmeđu izrazito ruralnih i već urbano-ruralnih prostora i time još više potencira napuštanje i populaciono pražnjenjedela prostora, iako je kvalitet života u njima još uvek znatno lošiji no u centralnim gradskim zonama.
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Sva seoska naselja na ovom prostoru se nastala spontano, neadekvatno ispraćena planskom i infrastrukturnomopremljenošću, čime je stvorena izrazito heterogena matrica. To uslovljava potrebu aktiviranja lokalnih potencijala,podizanje kapaciteta lokalnih samouprava i smanjenje zavisnosti od grada, uz angažovanje naučnih, stručnih,privrednih i državnih subjekata, kako bi se stvorio prostor za kvalitetan život na svakom delu teriororije grada, a nesamo u nekim sredinama. Time bi se istovremeno i u praksi ostvario deklarativni cilj iz planskih dokumenata ipribližili u Evropi prihvaćenom urbano-ruralnom modelu.Ključne reči: seoska naselja, centar sela, infrastrukturna opremljenost, grad Niš
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL COMMUNITY CENTRES AND EQUIPMENT OFINFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS ON EXAMPLE OF RURAL SPACE ON
TERRITORY OF CITY OF NIS
Abstract: In this paperwork will be discussed research results carried out on the territory whichadministratively belongs City of Nis. The research has confirmed assumptions and has formed significantdatabase for adequate problem formulation and directions activity for problem solution. On this territory,approximately 50% of rural settlements are populationally jeopardized (33of69), with approximately or lessthen 300 inhabitants, while for 10% of them can be said they are on the edge of physical existence with lessthen 100 inhabitants. Average age of population is 60 years, and number of household members is two oreven less. These facts are already enough for describing degree of devastation and depopulation verysignificant part of rural space.Rural community centres are uneven distributed in space, mostly concentrated in suburban settlements wellconnected with city. That situation is giving impression that there is administrative but not essential andplaned organization. For extremely rural spaces, situation is more disadvantageous. Bad connections,insufficiency of cultural, school, sports and service facilities and other offers, same as inadequateinfrastructural equipment and unsolved communal problems have defined bad living conditions which in thesame time cause abandoning those spaces. Beside physical distance, as relevant parameter with the greatestrole figures good traffic connection with the city.On the other side, populationally, suburban settlements are most active. Number of children decreases in city(it’s central areas), while just increases in suburban settlements. Population density, beside presence mostlyindividual houses, in some suburban zones reaches urban zones density. Numerous investments in this areasare the reason for increasing differences between extremely rural and almost urban-rural spaces which morepotent abandoning and populational emptiness in part of territory, although, the quality of life in thosesettlements is still worse than in central city areas.All rural settlements on this territory have arisen spontaneously, not adequately followed by planning andinfrastructural equipment which has made extremely heterogeneous matrix. That causes needs for activationof local potentials, increasing capacity of local authorities and decreasing dependence on the city, withengagement of scientific, professional and governmental subjects for creating high-quality living space in allparts of territory. On the way, in praxis, will be achieved declarative goal from planning documents andmove up towards urban-rural model accepted in Europe.Key words: rural settlements, village centre, infrastructural equipment, city of Nis__________________Dr arh Branko AJ Turnšek, docent, Građevinsko-Arhitektonski fakultet Niš, Srbija, (PhD Arch. Branko AJ Turnšek, Assistent Professor, Faculty ofCivil Engineering and Architecture Nis, Serbia)Ljiljana Jevremović, d.i.a., student doktorskih studija i saradnik u nastavi na GAF-u u Nišu; stipendista Ministarstva za nauku i tehnoliški razvojR.Srbije (Arch. Ljiljana Jevremović, PhD student; scholar of Ministry of Science and Tehnological Development Republic of Serbia)
Aradom Gebrekidan Abbay
AN ABSTRACT ON THE ROLE OF EMERGING TOWNS IN IMPROVING RURALLIVELIHOODS THROUGH MARKET AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY IN SEHARTI
SAMRE WOREDA, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA
Rural and urban development requires strong interaction between rural and urban areas. One facet of urbanand rural linkage is the role of emerging towns in serving as market and employment centers to the peopleliving in the hinterlands surrounding them. The study was sought to ascertain factors that affect the role thatemerging towns could play in improving rural livelihoods through market and off-farm employmentopportunity. To this end, the study has selected one emerging town, Samre, and three surrounding ruralTabias, namely Lemlem Arena, Dekera, and Mai-Tekli located at different distances from Samre town using
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cluster sampling method. A total of 160 households were selected randomly as a sample of respondents fromthe three study Tabias using Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) technique. A structured interviewschedule was developed, pre-tested and used for collecting quantitative data for the study from the sampledfarm households. Focus group discussions, group interviews and field observations were held to generatequalitative data. Descriptive statistics and the three stages least squares (3SLS) model were used foranalyzing quantitative data. Furthermore, some advanced econometric analysis packages (such as SPSS andSTATA), on the other hand, were used to test and analyze some of the empirical research hypothesis. It wasapparent in the results of the study that besides other significant variables, proximity to emerging towns playa vital role in improving households access to market, off-farm employment opportunity and there byenhance rural livelihoods at large. Therefore, policy interventions, which recognize the importance offocusing on the mutual interdependencies between rural and urban areas, are of a paramount importance.
__________________Aradom Gebrekidan Abbay, Mekelle University (Lecturer), Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Ahmed Saeid, Robert Masztalski
SPATIAL SYNTACTIC PROPERTIES OF URBAN STRUCTURE IN SMALL TOWNS OF
LOWER SILESIA REGION
Abstract: The study aims to analyze the spatial syntactic properties of urban structures for small settlementsaround Wrocław, the capital city of the Region Lower Silesia.
The study uses space syntax methodology, which is a method to investigate and understand the spatialstructure of settlements, and to give quantity' descriptions of urban space in a comparative way.
In this study, each spatial structure will be analyzed and compared by syntactic measures and configurationproperties to find the morphological differences between these spatial structures.
__________________Ahmed Saeid, B.Sc. of Architecture, M.Sc. of Urban & Regional Planning, Ph.D. Student of Faculty of Architecture / WroclawUniversity of Technology
Robert Masztalski, M.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc. of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture/ Wroclaw University of Technology
Ahmed Saeid
GLOBAL CENTRALITY VERSES LOCAL CENTRALITY INTHE URBAN NETWORK OF WROCLAW
Abstract: The center of a settlement whether a city, town or village, spatially means a concentration ofactivates and mixed of land uses in a prominent location, economically means the concentration of jobs,employment and economic agglomerations in a certain area. Historically, these centers not only grow andshrink, but also shift and diversify. Due to the urban growth and wide expansion of which make the urbannetwork of a city or a region to combine with another urban network of small towns. This combination ofurban networks creates a hierarchy of centers and sub centers within the urban structure of whole city orregion.
From this perspective, the paper aims to study the spatial characteristics which are played a critical role inthe formation and shaping the location of centers in global and local level taking in the account the impact ofspatial configuration of urban structure on the patterns of urban movement.
The paper deals the spatial structure of urban network of Wroclaw, the capital city of Lower Silesia Regionin Poland, as case study. The study uses space syntax methodology, which is a method to investigate andunderstand the spatial structure of settlements, and to give quantity descriptions of urban space in acomparative way. Space syntax, is a research program that developed by Hillier and Hanson at the Unit forArchitectural Studies, University College London, is a technique that can be used for morphological analysesof architecture and spatial planning. The aim of the technique is to describe different aspects of relationshipsbetween the morphological structure of human-made environments and social structures or events.
__________________Ahmed Saeid, B.Sc. of Architecture, M.Sc. of Urban & Regional Planning, Ph.D. Student of Faculty of Architecture / WroclawUniversity of Technology
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Vera Backović
REGIONALNE RAZLIKE U POSTSOCIJALISTIČKOJ SRBIJI
Promenama u funkcionisanju ekonomije (nastanak globalne ekonomije i okretanje ka neoliberalizmu) iredukovanjem regulativne uloge države redefinisana je uloga gradova (podnacionalnog nivoa vlasti). Izvesnenadležnosti države prenose se na lokalne vlasti. Uporedo lokalne vlasti postaju važan akter usmeravanjaekonomskog razvoja u čijoj osnovi je partnerstvo javnog i privatnog sektora. Posledica uključivanjapostsocijalističkih zemalja u globalnu ekonomiju je uvećavanje postojećih regionalnih nejednakosti. Uprvom delu radu će se analizirati razlike u stepenu ekonomske razvijenosti regiona (opština) u Srbiji ipotencijal lokalnih vlasti za podsticanje razvoja. U drugom delu rada ispitivaće se koje nivoe vlastipripadnici elite u Srbiji smatraju adekvatnim za uspešno bavljenje problemima koji neposredno utiču nakvalitet života stanovnika.
Ključne reči: region, opština, lokalna vlast, nivo vlasti
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN POST SOCIALIST SERBIA
Changes in functioning of the economy – emergence of global economy and turning towards neoliberalism –and reduction of the regulative role of state redefined the role of cities (sub national level of power). Somecompetences of the state are transferred to local authorities. At the same time the local authorities become animportant actor in directing economic development, based on the partnership between public and privatesector. The consequence of entering the post socialist countries into global economic system is the increaseof existing regional differences.
In the first part of this paper we shall analyze the differences in the degree of economic development ofregions (municipalities) in Serbia, and the power of local authorities to stimulate economic growth.
In the second part of the paper we shall explore which levels of supremacy the members of Serbian eliteconsider most adequate for successful dealing with problems which directly influence the quality of life ofthe citizens.
Key words: region, municipality, local authority, level of supremacy
__________________Mr Vera Backović, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
Douglas M. Cotner
THE URBAN ECOLOGICAL ENTROPIC BLACK HOLE“The Cities That Can Devour the Earth”
Abstract: Urban Ecological Entropic Black Holes now represent a significant threat to the Earth, its people,and biological diversity. Like a new virus, it potentially lethal, and difficult to comprehend. Given time,These newest of human settlements have the very real potential to literally eat us out of house and home,which is to say, that all of the Earth’s resources from both the Ecosphere and Geosphere will be consumedright down to the last calorie, btu, and grain of wheat, rice, corn, and sorghum.
This paper proffers a new paradigm for understanding the Mega-City/Urban Ecological Entropic Black Hole.It recognizes that the analytical tools developed during the past 130 years for urban analysis fail before thisnewest of human settlement types. Combined with the idea of the “Ecological Footprint” (W. Rees and M.Wackernagel, 1996) and “A Unified Field Theory of Adapted Space” (D. Cotner, 1996), the complexadaptive system of the urban ecological entropic hole can be understood in terms of its morphologicalaccretion and internal human and institutional dynamics.Key Words: Biophysical, Entropic, Mega-City, Paradigm, Tokyo, Urban Ecological Entropic Black Hole__________________Douglas M. Cotner, ScD, Chief Scientist and Director The Hemispheric Research Laboratory and Policy Institute, Senior FellowThe American Institute of Urban and Regional Affairs, Assistant Professor Irvine University
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Dragutin Tošić, Marija Maksin-Mićić
FUNCTIONAL URBAN REGIONS AS AN INSTRUMENT FORSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Abstract: This paper proceeds from the concept and the model of decentralization and developmentbalacing, applied in the European Union. It analyzes the characteristics and problems of Serbia’surbanization and urban system. Serbia is not sufficiently and uniformly urbanized. There is a distinctpolarization into the zones of population and activity concentration in urban regions and depopulation zonesin rural and hilly and mountain regions. Disproportions in population size among the ten major urban centresthemselves and relative to other urban settlements are the result of Serbia’s incoherent and asymmetric urbansystem. The paper also analyzes whether the model of polycentric urban system and functional urban areasprovides a sound basis for the integration of the Serbian urban system into the European one. In thisconnection, the Belgrade agglomeration system distinguishes itself as the potential metropolitan growth area,in addition to the Niš and other agglomeration systems, which can play a significant role in the formation ofnational and transnational (transborder) functional urban areas. In the final considerations, it is pointed outthat a vital prerequisite for the implementation of the analyzed or some other concept and model ofgovernance decentralization and regionalization is a consensus, whereby the key players should display thereadiness to reach it and carry out the activities aimed at improving efficiency in managing and directing thedevelopment of Serbia’s territorial development and integration into the European development trends andpolicies.Key words: sustainable development and regionalization, urbanization, urban system, functional urbanareas, efficiency of development management.
FUNKCIONALNO-URBANI REGIONI KAO INSTRUMENTURAVNOTEŽENOG RAZVOJA SRBIJE
Apstrakt: U radu se polazi od koncepta i modela decentralizacije i uravnotežavanja razvoja koji seprimenjuju u Evropskoj uniji. Analiziraju se odlike i problemi urbanizacije i urbanog sistema Srbije. ProstorSrbije nije dovoljno i ravnomerno urbanizovan. Izražena je polarizacija na zone koncentracije stanovništva iaktivnosti u urbanim područjima i zone depopulacije na ruralnim i brdsko-planinskim područjima.Disproporcije u demografskoj veličini između deset vodećih urbanih centara i u odnosu na ostala urbananaselja posledica je nekoherentnosti i asimetričnosti urbanog sistema Srbije. U radu se analizira da li modelpolicentričnog urbanog sistema i funkcionalnih urbanih područja, predstavlja dobar polazni osnov zaintegrisanje srpskog urbanog sistema u evropski. Polazeći od toga, izdvajaju se beogradski aglomeracionisistem kao potencijalno metropolitensko razvojno područje, zatim niški i drugi aglomeracioni sistema kojimogu da imaju značajnu ulogu u formiranju nacionalnih i transnacionalnih (transgraničnih) funkcionalnihurbanih područja. U završnim razmatranjima se ukazuje da je za implementaciju analiziranog, ili nekogdrugog, koncepta i modela decentralizacije upravljanja i regionalizacije neophodan preduslov konsenzus istvarna rešenost ključnih aktera da ga ostvaruju i da preduzmu aktivnosti za povećanje efikasnostiupravljanja i usmeravanja razvoja teritorije Srbije i njenog integrisanja u evropske razvojne tokove i politike.Ključne reči: uravnotežen razvoj i regionalizacija, urbanizacija, urbani sistem, funkcionalna urbanapodručja, efikasnost upravljanja razvojem.__________________Dragutin Tosic, Ph. D, Associate Professor Faculty of Geography, University of BelgradeMarija Maksin-Micic, Ph. D, Associate Professor, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, "Singidunum" University,Belgrade, Serbia
Dragutin Tošić, Nikola Krunić, Jasna Petrić
DNEVNI URBANI SISTEMI U FUNKCIJI PROSTORNE ORGANIZACIJE SRBIJE
Apstrakt: U radu su, u formi teorijske rasprave, dati sažeti prikazi relevantnih metodoloških postupaka zadeterminisanje dnevnih urbanih sistema i načina njihovog prostorno-funkcionalnog ispoljavanja. Ukazano jena mogućnost korišćenja dnevnih urbanih sistema za instrumente regionalnog planiranja i regionalnograzvoja. Predložen je model izdvajanja dnevnih urbanih sistema Srbije prilagođen našim socio-ekonomskimuslovima.Dosadašnja iskustava u istraživanju demografskih, prostornih i funkcijskih komponenti dnevnih urbanihsistema govore da su za definisanje modela njihovog ispoljavanja i trajanja u prostoru i vremenu,
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najrelevantniji indikatori o razmeštaju i funkcijskom usmerenju centara rada i naselja stanovanja i okvantitativno-kvalitativnim osobinama dnevnih migranata.Dnevni urbani sistemi u Srbiji razvijali su se u uslovima stalnog prerazmeštaja stanovništva iz sela u gradovei manje-veće sinhronizovanosti procesa deagrarizacije, industrijalizacije i urbanizacije sa opštimsociokonomskim tokovima. Shodno dinamici razvoja funkcija rada, stanovanja, obrazovanja, uslužnihdelatnosti i javno-socijalnih službi u urbanim regionima, formirani su dnevni urbani sistemi i uspostavljenaje njihova hijerarhija.U radu su prikazani rezultati novijih istraživanja dnevnih urbanih sistema u Srbiji vršenih za naučne iaplikativne potrebe (izrada regionalnih prostornih planova opština Južnog pomoravlja i Timočke krajine,određivanje nodalnih sistema u Zlatiborskom okrugu i u Vojvodini). Dnevni urbani sistemi, posebno njihovregionalni uticaj i značaj, predloženi su za instrumente racionalne prostorno-funkconalne organizacije Srbije.Na bazi relevantnih teorijsko-metodoloških postupaka i prikazanih empirijskih iskustava formiran je modelrazvoja dnevnih urbanih sistema, čime se u velikoj meri opredeljuju strateški pravci prostorne organizacijemreže naselja nacionalnog, regionalnog i lokalnog nivoa.Ključne reči: Dnevni urbani sistem, dnevna migracija stanovništva, funkcionalno-urbani region,funkcionalna diferencijacija prostora, urbani centri i polja njihovog uticaja.
DAILY URBAN SYSTEMS IN FUNCTION OF SPATIAL ORGANISATION OF SERBIA
Abstract: This paper gives in the form of theoretical discussion a brief outline of relevant methodologicalsteps for determination of daily urban systems and the approach for their spatial-functional representation. Ithas been indicated the potential of daily urban systems use as instruments for regional planning and regionaldevelopment. The proposed model of determining daily urban systems of Serbia has been adjusted to oursocio-economic conditions.Experience thus far in the research of demographic, spatial and functional components of daily urbansystems demonstrate that for definition of models for their spatial and temporal manifestation and continuity,the most relevant indicators are those which relate to distribution and functional orientation of centres ofwork and places of living, and those which relate to quantitative-qualitative characteristics of daily migrants.Daily urban systems of Serbia have been developed under the conditions of continuous redistribution ofpopulation from rural to urban settlements and less or more synchronised processes of deagrarisation,deindustrialisation and urbanisation with general socioeconomic flows. According to the dynamics ofdevelopment in functions of work, living, education, service activities and public-social facilities in urbanregions, there have been formed daily urban systems with their hierarchy being set.The paper presents results of the latest research of daily urban systems in Serbia, which are with scientificand applicative aims (development of the Regional spatial plans for municipalities of Južno pomoravlje andfor Timočka krajina, determination of nodal systems in Zlatibor county and in Vojvodina). Daily urbansystems, especially their regional influence and role, are proposed for instruments of rational spatial-functional organisation of Serbia. According to relevant theoretical-methodological approaches andpresented empirical evidence, it has been formed the model of daily urban systems’ development, by whichthe strategic directions for spatial organisation of national, regional and local network of settlements areoriented.Key words: daily urban systems, daily migration of population, functional urban region, functionaldifferentiation of space, urban centres and their influence areas.__________________dr Dragutin Tošić,vanredni profesor, Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu,mr Nikola Krunić,istraživač-saradnik, Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije,dr Jasna Petrić, naučni saradnik, Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije,
Slavka Zeković
REGIONALNA KONKURENTNOST I TERITORIJALNI RAZVOJ INDUSTRIJE U SRBIJI
Apstrakt: U radu će se izučavati regionalna konkurentnost i prostorni aspekti industrije u Srbiji. Bićeanalizirana osnovna dosadašnja kretanja u razvoju industrije Srbije, kao i makrolokacijski i mikrolokacijskifaktori i prostorna organizacija industrije. Važnu komponentu analize teritorijalnog razvoja industrije u Srbijičini istraživanje mogućih strukturnih promena industrije i identifikovanje njenih ključnih razvojnih sektora.Ukazuje se na vrste i tipove industrijskih zona i parkova kao osnovnih modela regionalnog i urbanog razvojauz kritički osvrt na stanje industrijskih zona u Srbiji (braunfild i grinfild lokalitete). Planira se evaluacija
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regionalne konkurentnosti prostora sa stanovišta mogućnosti indusrijskog razvoja sa stanovišta mogućnostiindustrijskog razvoja na nivou okruga korišćenjem komparativne analize i Spajder metoda. Nalazi ćeposlužiti kao jedna od osnova za izradu preliminarne skice scenarija teritorijalnog razvoja ove delatnosti uSrbiji i moguće alokacije budućih IZ i IP u okviru okruga.
Ključne reči: Teritorijalni razvoj industrije, regionalna konkurentnost, industrijska zona , industrijski park,grinfild i braunfild lokaliteti
REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY INSERBIA
Abstract: In the paper are investigated the regional competitiveness and the territorial aspects of industry inSerbia. There will be analysed the key recent movement in industrial development of Serbia andmacrolocational and microlocational factors and territorial organisation of industry. The research of possiblestructural changes of industry and identification of its key development sectors is the important componentof territorial development analysis in Serbia. This paper points to the kinds and types of industrial zones andindustrial parks as fundamental models of regional and urban development of that activity with criticalretrospection on the industrial zones in Serbia (greenfield and brownfield industrial locations). It is plannedto evaluate the regional competitiveness from a stand-point of possibilities of industrial development on theregional level by comparative analyses and Spider method. Results will be used as one of the bases formaking preliminary draft of territorial development scenario of this activity in Serbia and for the possiblealocation of the future industrial zones and industrial parks in region.
Key words: territorial development of industry, regional competitiveness, industrial zone and industrialpark, greenfield and brownfield locations
__________________dr Slavka Zeković, Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije
Igor Marić, Ana Bogdanov, Božidar Manić
TRANSFORMACIJA SEOSKIH NASELJA I UNAPREĐENJESTANOVANJA NA SELU U SRBIJI
Seoska naselja u Srbiji su u krizi po mnogim osnovama: smanjenje broja stanovnika sa promenama starosnestrukture, gubljenje identiteta, neorganizovanosti, loša komunalna opremljenost i saobraćajna pristupačnost,mala ulaganja u razvoj zbog nedostatka planskih opredeljenja i programa razvoja. Zavisno od područja selotreba da pretrpi transformacije u niz segmenata: diverzifikacija veličine poseda od velikih kombinata prekosrednjih a na kraju i malih proizvođača; preuređenje mreže seoskih naselja; razvoj manjih proizvodnihkapaciteta udruženih u sisteme; obnova zadrugarstva na područjima sa usitnjenim posedima; ostvarivanjekomunalnog reda i opremljenosti; poboljšanje tehnologije proizvodnje paralelno sa očekivanim smanjenjembroja stanovnika. Osnovno je prihvatiti da selo mora da pretrpi značajne transformacije u svim segmentimakako bi postalo dovoljno konforno za stanovanje kako u individualnom smislu pojedinačnog domaćinstvatako i u pogledu socijalnog kolektivnog zadovoljenja potreba zajednice. Metode treba da budu usmerene kadugoročnom planskom delovanju sa ciljem uravnoteženja standarda života i neposrednije komunikacije selo– grad. U radu se analiziraju regionalne specifičnosti u okviru Srbije i Srbije u celini afirmišući razvojnetrendove i neophodnost promena u razvoju seoskih naselja.
Ključne reči: transformacija, razvoj, planiranje, seosko područje
TRANSFORMATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS ANDRURAL HOUSING IMPROVEMENT IN SERBIA
Rural settlements in Serbia are in a crisis on many bases: decrease in the number of population, with agestructure changes, loss of identity, lack of organization, poor public transport infrastructure and accessibility,small amount of investments in the development due to the lack of planning regulation and developmentprograms. Depending on the area the village needs to undergo transformation in a number of segments:diversification of the size of property starting from the large through the medium-sized and in the end smallmanufacturers; restructuring the network of rural settlements; development of smaller production capacitiesassociated in systems; renewal of the cooperation in the areas with chipped properties; realization of thecommunal order and equipment; improvement of the production technology along with the expected
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reduction of the number of inhabitants. The key is to accept that the village has to undergo significanttransformation in all segments in order to become comfortable enough for dwelling both in terms ofindividual households and in terms of satisfying the social and collective needs of the community. Methodsshould be aimed at long-term plan action with the aim of balancing the standards of life and achieving directcommunication village-city. In this paper, the regional specificity within Serbia and Serbia in general areanalyzed, recognizing the development trends and the need of change in the development of ruralsettlements.
Кеy words: transformation, development, planning, rural area.
__________________dr Igor Marić, mr Ana Bogdanov, Božidar Manić, Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije
Vesna Jokić, Ksenija Petovar
SOCIJALNA ISKLJUČENOST I OBRAZOVANJE
Socijalna isključenost je proces u kojem su određeni pojedinci ili grupe gurnute na ivicu društva i sprečeni dau potpunosti učestvuju u društvu što je posledica njihovog siromaštva, nedostatka osnovne stručnosti(neadekvatnog obrazovanje) i mogućnosti doživotnog učenja, ili je rezultat diskriminacije. Ovo ih udaljavaod zaposlenja, prihoda, obrazovanja i mogućnosti obrazovanja, kao i od socijalnih mreža i aktivnosti udruštvu i zajednici.
Kvalitetno obrazovanje (uslovi i pristup/dostupnost) predstavlja jedan od faktora koji značajno utiče zasmanjene socijalne isključenosti. Drugim rečima, obrazovanje ima ključnu ulogu u osiguravanju socijalniuključenosti (jednake mogućnosti i aktivno učestvovanje u društvu). Istovremeno, obrazovanje i doživotnoučenje je ustanovljeno kao temelj za ostvarivanje ciljeva održivog ekonomskog razvoja (ekonomijazasnovana na znanju) i postizanja socijalne kohezije. Kvalitetno obrazovanje je preduslov za napredovanje,razvoj i blagostanje zajednice. Uslovi i dostupnost obrazovanju postali su prioriteti nacionalnih reformi uvećini evropskih zemalja.
Predmet ovog rada je obrazovna struktura stanovništva Srbije i dostupnost obrazovanja. Obrazovna strukturaje analizirana s obzirom na starost, pol i tip naselja (gradska i ostala/seoska naselja).
Ključne reči: obrazovanje, dostupnost, starosne grupe, tip naselja
SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND EDUCATION
Social exclusion is a process whereby certain individuals are pushed to the edge of society and preventedfrom participating fully by virtue of their poverty, or lack of basic competencies and lifelong learningopportunities, or as a result of discrimination. This distances them from job, income and educationopportunities as well as social and community networks and activities.
Quality education (conditions and access/accessibility/availability) is one of the factors that significantlyinfluence the reduced social exclusion. In other words, education has is key role key role in ensuring socialinclusion (equal opportunities and active social participation). At the same time, education and lifelonglearning is established as the basis for achieving the goals of sustainable economic development (economybased on knowledge) and to achieve social cohesion. Quality education is a prerequisite for progress,development and well-being of the community. Conditions and accessibility to education have becomepriorities of national reforms in most European countries.
The subject of this paper is the educational structure of population of Serbia and the accessibility ofeducation. The analysis covers the educational structure with regard to age, gender and type of settlement(city and other/villages settlements).
Key words: education, accessibility, age group, type of settlement
Marija Maksin-Mićić, Saša Milijić, Marina Nenković-Riznić
PROSTORNO I ENVAJERONMENTALNO PLANIRANJE U FUNKCIJI ODRŽIVOGREGIONALNOG RAZVOJA
Abstract: U radu se analiziraju okviri planiranja relevantni za održivi regionalni razvoj. Prostorno ienvajeromentalno planiranje bi trebalo da igra ključnu ulogu u koordinaciji i integraciji različitih polja
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planiranja u dostizanju održivog regionalnog razvoja. U radu se razmatra da li integralan pristup uprostornom i envajeronmentalnom planiranju vodi u pravcu integralnog održivog prostornog razvoja i, u timokvirima, posebno održivog razvoja turističkih regiona i destinacija. Problem koji postoji u Srbiji jenedostatak koordinacije sektorskog planiranja sa prostornim i envajeronmentalnim planiranjem. Deoproblema leži u zakonskoj regulativi, odnosno nesistematizaciji u organizaciji zakona (nekodifikaciji) ineregulisanoj horizontalnoj i vertikalnoj koordinaciji na svim nivoima upravljanja. Rad ukazuje na problemturističkih regiona i destinacija sa osetljivim planinskim ekosistemima i prirodnim dobrima, u kojima jeteško postići balans između zaštite prirodnih vrednosti i razvoja turizma i lokalne zajednice. Pokazalo se daje proces prostornog planiranja, koji uključuje sve glavne subjekte razvoja i zaštite, od velikog značaja kakoza postizanje koncenzusa o održivoj zaštiti i korišćenju prirodnih i kulturnih dobara, tako i za razvoj koji jeekološki podoban, socijalno prihvatljiv i ekonomski opravdan. U proces prostornog planiranja je integrisanastrateška procena uticaja na životnu sredinu. To je dalo dobre rezultate u vrednovanju različitih opcijarazvoja i njegove prostorne organizacije. Problem se u praksi javlja zbog nedostatka koordinacije sektorskogplaniranja (posebno Master planova turističkog razvoja) sa procesom prostornog i envajeronmentalnogplaniranja. Kroz proces strateške procene uticaja na životnu sredinu trebalo bi da se sagledaju nedostatciMaster planova, što bi doprinelo kompromisnom rešenju kojim se redukuje planiran razvoj i smanjuje njegovnegativan uticaj na osetljive destinacije. Održivost master planova bi se mnogo lakše ostvarivala kada bistrateška procena uticaja na životnu sredinu (SEA) bila obavezna za sve sektorske planove i programe. Iakoje SEA zakonom utvrđena kao obavezujući instrumenat za sektorsko planiranje, isto kao i za prostornoplaniranje, još uvek nije implementirana u praksi.
Ključne reči: održivi regionalni razvoj, prostorno planiranje, strateška procena uticaja na životnu sredinu(SPU), turistička regija, zaštita prirodnih dobara.
SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS
Abstract: The paper analyses the planning framework for sustainable regional development. The spatial andenvironmental planning should play the key role in coordination and integration of different planninggrounds in achieving the sustainable regions development. The paper discusses if the spatial andenvironmental planning lead towards the integral view of the sustainable territorial development, specially oftourism regions and destinations as a part of this development. In Serbia problems occur in regard with thelack of coordinating sectorial planning with spatial and environmental planning. Part of the problem lies inthe legal grounds, namely in non codification of laws and unregulated horizontal and vertical coordination atall levels of governance. The paper points out the problem of tourist regions and destinations with fragilemountain ecosystems and natural heritage, where it is hard to reach the balance between the protection ofnatural values and development of tourism and local communities. The process of spatial planning, whichinvolves all main stakeholders proved to be of great importance for achieving the consensus aboutsustainable protection and utilization of natural and cultural heritage, and about development which has beenplanned to be environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and economically feasible. The spatial planningprocess has incorporated the strategic environmental impact assessment. This gave good results during theevaluation process of different options of development and its spatial organization. In practice the problem islack of coordination in sektor planning (specially Master plans of tourism development) with spatial andenvironmental planning process. Through the process of strategic environmental impact assessment shouldbe owerviwed the disadvantages of the Master plans proposals have been addressed, thus helping to come tocompromise solution and to reduce the development at fragile destination. The sustainability of master planswould be much easier to achieve if the strategic environmental impact assessment (SEA) would be theobligatory for all sector plans and programs. The truth is that the SEA has been stated in environmental lawas obligatory environmental instrument for tourism sector as well as for spatial planning, but it has not yetbeen implemented in the practice.
Key words: sustainable regional development, spatial planning, strategic environmental impact assessment(SEA), tourism region, natural heritage protection.
__________________Prof. dr Marija Maksin-Mićić, University Singidunum, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management Serbia
dr Saša Milijić,, mr Marina Nenković-Riznić, Institute of Architecture and Urban&Spatial Planning of Serbia
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Koviljko Lovre, Milivoj Gajić, Stanislav Zekić
THE POLICY OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGRO-ENVIRONMENTPROTECTION IN THE WEST BALKAN COUNTRIES
Abstract: All the West Balkan countries have been going through a severe agricultural depression since theircentrally planned economies collapsed in the early 1990s. It has now become clear that the transition processis far more complex and is likely to be much more protracted than was first expected. The agriculturalpolicies of the Communist era resulted in considerable environmental problems, which are still present tovarying degrees even after a considerable decrease in agricultural inputs during the 1990s. The existing lowinput and low intensity agriculture practiced in these countries can be perceived in certain respects as anopportunity for environmental sustainability in the agricultural sector. The concept of rural development isnot new in the Western Balkan countries where agriculture maintains its dominant position in rural regions.However, it is obvious that an adequate rural development requires balanced development of all economicactivities, not just agriculture. Additionally, these countries which are preparing for the membership in theEuropean Union must follow European model of rural development which promote multifunctionalagriculture and the integral rural development concept with more respect to environmental protection. Theimportance of this process reflected in the size of rural sectors in the West Balkan countries and share ofagriculture in whole economy.
Key words: Rural development, Agro-environment, Agriculture, the West Balkan countries, Europeanintegration.
POLITIKA ODRŽIVOG RURALNOG RAZVOJA I ZAŠTITA AGRO-OKRUŽENJA UZEMLJAMA ZAPADNOG BALKANA
Apstrakt: Posle kolapsa centralno-planske ekonomije, sve zemlje Zapadnog Balkana prošle su, tokomdevedesetih godina prošlog veka, kroz značajnu agrarnu krizu. Sada je postalo jasno da je tranzicioni procesmnogo kompleksniji i dugotrajniji nego što se to prvobitno očekivalo. Agrarna politika je tokomkomunističke ere u ovim zemljama rezultirala, između ostalog, i problemima u agro-okruženju. Čak i posleznačajnog smanjenja upotrebe inputa u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji tokom tranzicionog perioda, oviproblemi su u različitom stepenu i danas prisutni. Postojeći nizak obim upotrebe inputa i niska intenzivnostpoljoprivrede mogu predstavljati šansu sa aspekta ekološke održivosti agrarnog sektora. Sam konceptruralnog razvoja nije nov za zemlje Zapadnog Balkana u kojima je poljoprivreda zadržala dominantno mestou ruralnim područjima. Međutim, jasno je da adekvatan ruralni razvoj iziskuje balansiran razvoja svihekonomskih aktivnosti, a ne samo poljoprivrede. Pored toga, ove zemlje koje se pripremaju za članstvo uEvropskoj uniji moraju slediti evropski model ruralnog razvoja koji promoviše multifunkcionalnostpoljoprivrede i koncept integralnog ruralnog razvoja koji u sve većoj meri uvažava pitanje zaštite životnesredine. Značaj ovog procesa ogleda se u veličini ruralnog sektora u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana, kao iudelu poljoprivrede u ukupnoj privredi.
Ključne reči: Ruralni razvoj, agro-okruženje, poljoprivreda, zemlje Zapadnog Balkana, evropske integracije.
__________________Koviljko Lovre, ph.D., full professor, Milivoj Gajić, ph.D., full professor, Stanislav Zekić, ph.D., assistant professor, Faculty ofEconomics Subotica(Dr Koviljko Lovre, redovni profesor, Dr Milivoj Gajić, redovni profesor, Dr Stanislav Zekić, docent, Ekonomski fakultet Subotica)
Velimir Šećerov, Marija Nevenić
MODEL FUNKCIONALNIH URBANIH PODRUČJA U SRBIJI DANAS
Apstrakt: Organska povezanost grada sa okruženjem stvorila je urbano-ruralni sistem (neksus) u kojem seuspostavljaju neraskidive veze. Često su one neravnomerne, jednosmerne ili unutar sebe nepovezane ali satendencijom da se u gradskom centru susretnu. Magnetizam čvorišta (centra) izaziva u prostoru situaciju dasu one intenzivnije u smeru ka gradu, ali bez obzira na jačinu uticaja ne bi mogle da funkcionišu autonomno.Veliki gradovi u okviru svojih područja obarzuju sistem koji po pravilu ima dominantni centar i višesekundarnih centara koji vrše ulogu jedinke ka kojoj gravitiraju manja naselja, dok drugi funkcionišu kaomonocentrične urbane strukture sa dominantnim centrom. Radi toga ovaj rad ima za cilj da sagleda veličinu iintenzitet funkcionalnih urbanih područja u Srbiji danas polazeći od teze da su gradovi pokretači, odnosnookosnice razvoja čitave njene teritorije a njihovo područje uticaja osnov decentralizacije i ravnomernograzvoja svih njenih delova. Analiza je vršena kombinovanjem četiri indikatora: broj stanovnika, BDP, stepenurbanosti i dnevne migracije radnika, primenjenih na 23 grada (po Zakonu o teritorijalnoj organizaciji) i 3
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opštine (Kikinda, Vršac i Pirot) za koje je procenjeno da mogu imati uticaj na širi okolni prostor.Generalizacija podataka i pojava koja je vršena na nivou grada/opštine dala je okvirni model veličine arealasadašnih FUP u Srbiji. Na osnovu dobijenih podataka, a koristeći ESPON metodologiju, dobijena jehijerarhija FUP-ova podeljena u 4 kategorije: MEGA centar, FUP međunarodnog značaja, FUP nacionalnogznačaja, FUP regionalnog značaja. Na ovaj način izdvojena su područja koja se nalaze u okviru nekog odFUP, dok je za ostala moguće predvideti mere i instrumente za integraciju u neki od postojećih FUP (većapristupačnost, konkurentnost centra i regiona, veće socio-ekonomske performanse i sl.), ili jasne politike zasamostalni razvoj.
Ključne reči: funkcionalna urbana područja, ravnomerni razvoj, policentričnost, hijerarhija, integracija
FUNCTIONAL URBAN AREAS MODEL IN SERBIA TODAY
Abstract: Organic city connection to its surrounding has created an urban-rural system (nexus), in whichunbreakable bounds are made. Often, they are uneven, one-way or unrelated within but with a tendency tomeet in the city center. Node magnetism (center) causes in the space a situation that these relations arestronger in the direction of the city, but regardless of the volume of influence, they would not be able to workautonomously. Large cities within their influential areas are creating a system which usually has a dominantcenter, and more secondary centers that perform an individual role to which the smaller settlements aregravitating, while others function as the monocentric structures with the dominant urban center. Thus, thispaper aims to recognize the size and intensity of the functional urban areas in Serbia today, starting from thethesis that cities are development driving forces, that is development axis of its whole territory and their areaof influence is a base for decentralization and balanced development of all its parts. The research wasconducted combining the four indicators: the number of inhabitants, gross domestic product (GDP), thedegree of urbanity and the daily migration of employees, applied to 23 cities (by the Law on TerritorialOrganization of the Republic of Serbia) and 3 municipalities (Kikinda, Vršac and Pirot) that could have animpact on the wider surrounding area. Data generalization that is performed at the level of the municipality,in Serbia, provided the framework model of today’s functional urban areas size and gravitation influence. Onthe basis of the obtained data, and using ESPON methodology, the result is a hierarchy of functional urbanareas divided into 4 categories: MEGA center, functional urban area of international importance, functionalurban area of national importance and functional urban area of regional importance. In this way,distinguished are areas located within one of the functional urban areas, while for others is possible to predictthe measures and instruments for integrating to some of the existing functional urban areas (greateraccessibility, the competitiveness of the center and region, the higher socio-economic performances andetc..), or a clear policy for independent development.
Key words: functional urban areas, balanced development, polycentrism, hierarchy, integration.
__________________dr Velimir Šećerov, Docent, Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu – Institut za prostorno planiranjemr Marija Nevenić, Asistent, Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu – Institut za prostorno planiranje
Ana Čarapić, Sanja Simonović
OD KONCEPTA ELEMENTARNE ARHITEKTURE DO MEGASTRUKTURE:KRITIČKA EVALUACIJA NA MODELU SOCIJALNOG STANOVANJA
Apstrakt: Horizontalna ekspanzija grada uzrokovana razvojem transporta, fleksibilnom akumulacijomkapitala i zahtevima tržišta, ponovo otvara pitanje ideala socijalnog stanovanja.
Ovaj rad, u tom kontekstu, postavlja pitanje da li arhitektura može biti medijator između idealizma ipragmatizma, i da li je u mogućnosti da postavi kritički okvir definisan u rasponu od elementa domegastrukture, od planskog do neplanskog obrasca, i na nivou različitih tipologija gustine.
Predmet istraživanja je niz različitih primera arhitekture socijalnog stanovanja (od koncepta elementarnearhitekture do megastrukture), u kojima se prepoznaju ikonične vrednosti, koje na nivou uporedivostipostaju osnov za anticipaciju daljeg razvoja.
Rad ima nameru da preispita sposobnost arhitekture da velika i raznovrsna društvena očekivanja preobrazi ujedinstven kod, preko koga će komunicirati sa publikom izvan tipičnog arhitektonskog okvira.
Ključne reči: element, megastruktura, socijalno stanovanje, obrazac, kritički okvir, kod
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BETWEEN CONCEPT OF THE ELEMENTAL ARCHITECTURE AND MEGASTRUCTURE:A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF SOCIAL HOUSING MODELS
Abstract: Horizontal expansion of the city, caused by transportation development, flexible capitalaccumulation and market requirements, once again problems a theme of social housing utopia.
This paper, in that context, set up a question if the architecture is capable to mediate between idealism andpragmatism, as well as if it is able to create a critical framework wich is defined in the spread betweenelement and megastructure, between plan and no-plan patterns, and on the level of different densitytyplologies.
Key topic of this research is a number of different examples of social housing architecture (between theconcept of the elemental architecture and the megastructure), with recognizable iconic values, that compared,become an indicative base for further evolutional process.
This paper has intention to revise capability of architecture to transform variety of great social expectationsinto a unique code, becoming a mediator to public beyond a typical architectural framework.
Key words: element, megastructure, social housing, pattern, critical framework, code
__________________Ana Čarapić, d.i.a.,Sanja Simonović, d.i.a., istraživač saradnik, IAUS; stipendista Ministarstva za nauku i tehnološki razvoj ( research associate,IAUS; scholar by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development)
Ružica Bogdanović, Ranka Gajić
ODRŽIVO KORIŠĆENJE GRADSKOG ZEMLJIŠTA - STANOVIŠTEMORFOLOŠKOG ASPEKTA
(primer - pilot projekat programa za izradu Urbanističkog plana Brankovine)*
Apstrakt: Problematika održivog korišćenja gradskog zemljišta, za razliku od svetske teorije i prakse, unašoj sredini skoro da se i ne razrađuje. U radu se polazi od stava da je važno da se ova problematikaanalizira i primenjuje, i to ne samo za nivo generalnog, već i za niove planiranja sa detaljnijom razradom imanje prostorne celine u gradovima, a fokusira se tema morfoloških implikacija održivog korišćenjagradskog zemljišta kao relevantna sa pozicije arhitekte/urbaniste.
U uvodnom delu će biti definisan pojam održvog korišćenja gradskog zemljišta i razlozi za izbor konkretnogprincipa morfoloških studija a zatim objašnjena metodologija za analizu konteksta (razrađena na kursuUrbanizam na Saobraćajnom fakultetu u Beogradu) koja podrazumeva analitičke procene problema ipotencijala prostora a koja se sugeriše za prethodno prikupljanje podataka sa stanovišta svih značajnihaspekata (ekološki, ekonomski, morfološki i socijalni).U razradi će biti objašnjene/istražene odgovarajuće kriterijumske oblasti od značaja za morfološki aspektkorišćenja zemljišta: strukturne matrice, sadržaji, veze objekata sa terenom, ostvareni parametri...; zatim će uokviru ovih oblasti biti uočene teme od značaja za održivi razvoj (dostupnost sadržaja, "ekološkikapaciteti"..., direktni, indirektni uticaji, aktiviranje zapuštenih terena...) da bi se na kraju pokušalo (uzoslanjanje na smernice iz odgovarajuće dokumentacije o dostizanju održivog razvoja) sa utvrđivanjemparametara i indikatora održivog korišćenja gradskog zemljišta sa stanovišta morfološkog aspekta zakonkretan primer pilot projekta programa za izradu Urbanističkog plana Brankovine (IAUS 2009.)
Cilj je da se ukaže na potencijale i mogući dalji razvoj ovog područja u odnosu na problematiku održivogkorišćenja zemljišta sa stanovišta morfološkog aspekta.
Ključne reči: korišćenje gradskog zemljišta, održivi razvoj, morfološke studije, parametri i indikatori*Rad u okviru projekta: Održivi Razvoj i Uređenje Banjskih i Turističkih Naselja u Srbiji, šifra 16007.
SUSTAINABLE URBAN LAND USE - MORPHOLOGY ASPECT(example - pilot project of the program for Brankovina Urban Plan)
Abstract: Topic/theme of sustainable urban land use comparing to a world theory and practice is almost notpresent in our ambient. In paper it is started from the premise that it is important to analyze and apply it, notonly for the master plan level but for the more detail levels of planning and for smaller ambiences/complexesin cities, focusing on topic of morphological implications of sustainable urban land use as relevant from thearchitect/urban planner point of view.
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In introductionary part notion of sustainable urban land use will be define, also the reasons for selection ofconcrete urban morphology studies principle, followed by explanation of the methodology for contextanalysis (elaborated on the course Urbanism at Faculty of Traffic and Transport in Belgrade) which consistsof analytical evaluation of problems and potentials of space and is suggested for prior getting of the datafrom all the relevant aspects (ecology, economy, morphology and social).
In further elaboration criteria fields relevant for morphology aspect of land use will be explained/enquired:structural matrixes, uses, buildings - terrain relations, urban parameters...; and then topics relevant for thesustainable development within those fields will be noticed (accessibility of diverse uses, "ecologicalcapacities"..., direct or indirect influences, brownfileds activation...) and at the end (with reliance onguidance from relevant documentation on sustainable development) it will be attempted to identifyparameters and indicators of sustainable urban land use from the morphological aspect for the example ofpilot project of the program for Brankovina Urban Plan (IAUS 2009.)
Final goal is to indicate potentials for further development of this area in accordance to sustainable urbanland use from the morphological aspect point of view.
Key words: urban land use, sustainable development, morphological studies, parameters and indicators
__________________Prof. Dr Ružica Bogdanovi, mr Ranka Gajić, Saobraćajni fakultet, Beograd
Nataša Z. Krstić
ANALIZA OBLASTI PROSTORNO PLANIRANJE U OKVIRU ZAKONA O PLANIRANJU IIZGRADNJI REPUBLIKE SRBIJE I PREDLOGA ZAKONA O UREDJENJU PROSTORA I
IZGRADNJI REPUBLIKE SRBIJE
Ovaj rad se, u svom prvom delu, bavi analizom oblasti prostornog planiranja u okviru Zakona o planiranju iizgradnji Republike Srbije, gde se daje prikaz odredaba Zakona, koje se direkno i/ili indirektno reperkutujuna izradu i sprovodjenje planova. Daje se i prikaz mesta u Zakonu, koja su u koliziji sa Ustavom RepublikeSrbije, odnosno sa Zakonom o sprovodjenju Ustava Republike Srbije. Drugi deo rada bavi se analizomPredloga Zakona o uređenju prostora i izgradnji Republike Srbije, a za oblast prostornog planiranja.
Cilj rada je prikaz tema kojima se bavi Zakon o planiranju i izgradnji, a kojima se bavi Predlog Zakona ouređenju prostora i izgradnji (oba Republike Srbije) i koje su inplikacije tih datosti i obaveznosti na rad uoblasti prostornog planiranja, odnosno koje su njihove reprekusije na prostor. Na kraju rada daju se separatnipredlozi za izmene postojećeg Zakona, odnosno aplikacije za novi „Zakon o prostoru“, kao i implikacije zadalja istraživanja.
Ključne reči: prostorno planiranje, vrste planova, Zakon o planiranju i izgradnji, Predlog Zakona o uređenjuprostora i izgradnji, Ustav Republike Srbije
SPATIAL PLANNING ANALYSIS AREAS WITHIN THE LAW ON THE PLANNING ANDCONSTRUCTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND PROPOSAL OF LAW ON INTERIOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
This paper, in its first part, deals with the analysis of the field of spatial planning within the Law on planningand construction of the Republic of Serbia, where the overview of provisions of the Law, which directlyand/or indirectly have negative impact on the preparation and implementation, is given. Also, the overviewof the place in the Law is given, which are in collision with the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, i.e.with the Law on the implementation of the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia. The second part deals withthe analysis of Proposal of the Law on interior design and the construction of the Republic of Serbia, and forspatial planning.
The aim of this paper is the issue that deals with the Law on planning and construction, and which is dealt bythe Proposal of the Law on interior design and construction (both of the Republic of Serbia) and that theseare implication of givens and the obligation to work in the field of spatial planning, and what theirreprecutions are to the area. In the end, the paper gives separate proposals for amendments to existing Law,i.e. application for a new "Law on the space," as well as implications for further research.
Key words: spatial planning, plan categories, Planning and Construction Act, Spatial Ordering andConstruction Act (Draft), The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia
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Mina Petrović
PERSPEKTIVE REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA – POGLED ODOZDO
Apstrakt: Rad ima za cilj da ukaže na specifičnosti pojedinih regionalnih celina Srbije iz perspektivepojedinaca i domaćinstava, njihovog socijalnog položaja i uslova života i rada. Posebno se akcentujuraspoloživi resursi domaćinstava i lokalnih zajednica kao osnov razvoja specifičnih strategija odnosnoplanova za budućnost u sferi stanovanja, rada, obrazovanja, prostorne mobilnosti. Na posmatranomanalitičkom nivou ispituje se medjuzavisnost različitih formi kapitala na individualnom nivou (ekonomski,socijalni, kulturni) i raspoloživih resursa na lokalnom nivou (teritorijalni kapital). Podaci se zasnivaju naanketnom istraživanju «Socio-ekonomske strategije domaćinstava u Srbiji», koje je radjeno nareprezentativnom uzorku 2007. godine u organizaciji Instituta za sociološka istraživanja Filozofskogfakulteta u Beogradu.
Ključne reči: regionalni razvoj; domaćinstva; socijalni, ekonomski, kulturni kapital; teritorijalni kapital.
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT - BOTTOM UP PERSPECTIVE
Abstract: The paper aims to illustrate regional varieties in Serbia from the perspective of individuals andhouseholds, their social position and living conditions. Specific attention is given to the disposable resourcesof the households and local communities that are analyzed as a basis of the individuals’/households'strategies in different domains: housing, education, work, spatial mobility. The focus of analysis is oninterconnectedness between different forms of capital (economic, social, cultural) at the individual level andavailable resources at the local community level (territorial capital). The analysis is informed by empiricaldata obtained through the project «Socio-economic strategies of households in Serbia» realized asquestionnaire research on the representative sample and organized by Institute for sociological Research,Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade.
Key words: regional development; households; social, economic and culture capital; territorial capital.
__________________Dr Mina Petrović, Univerzitet u Beogradu Filozofski fakultet
Tanja Obradović
PLAN PARCELACIJE KAO INSTRUMENT ZA ODRŽIVU IZGRADNJU,URBANI I REGIONALNI RAZVOJ
Apstrakt: Da bi smo zaštitili životno okruženje i stvorili uslove za kvalitetan i zdrav život, izgradnjaobjekata treba da bude održiva a ciljevi urbanog razvoja ispunjeni. Svaki grad zauzima određeno mesto uurbanom sistemu i deo je određenog regiona, samim tim je i njegov razvoj direktno uslovljen stepenomregionalnog razvoja i obrnuto. Plan detaljne regulacije je kao sastavni deo procesa planiranja, neophodaninstrument za sprečavanje negativnih posledica koje se stvaraju nekontrolisanim delovanjem tržišta i tonaročito u delu zaštite životne sredine, očuvanja prirodnih resursa i korišćenju zemljišta. U radu je prikazanplan detaljne regulacije “Stanko Vlasotinčanin” u Nišu, sa akcentom na nedostatak plana parcelacije i(ne)primenu bioklimatskih principa gradnje, kao i posledice istog, koje direktno utiču na urbani i regionalnirazvoj. Nemoguće je graditi održivo niti adekvatno koristiti zemljište, bez prethodno dobro planirane irealizovane parcelacije a ona je ostvariva putem urbane komasacije. Međutim, da bi se urbana komasacijauvela i sprovodila i u Srbiji, treba napraviti niz koraka među kojima su najznačajniji: donošenje Zakona odenacionalizaciji i restituciji, objedinjenje zemljišnih knjiga i katastra, vršenje procene tržišne vrednostizemljišta i izmene Zakona o planiranju i izgradnji.
Ključne reči: održiva izgradnja, urbani razvoj, regionalni razvoj, parcelacija, plan detaljne regulacije,bioklimatski principi, urbana komasacija
PARCELATION PLAN LIKE INSTRUMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE BUILDING,URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Abstract: To protect life environment and provide conditions for qualitative and healthy life, buildingsshould be sustainable and urban development goals must be realized. Each city is a part of some region andhave a place in urban system, because of that his development directly conditioned by regional developmentand reverse. Detailed regulation plan as an integral part of the planning process, a necessary tool to prevent
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the negative effects which creates uncontrolled market operations, especially in environmental protection,preservation of natural resources and land use. This paper presents a detailed plan of regulation for area"Stanko Vlasotincanin” in Nis with highlight on the lack of a parcelation plan and (none) application of theprinciples for bioclimatic building, as well as consequnce of that, which directly influence to urban andregional development. It's impossible to build in a sustainable manner and adequate land use, without well-planned and implemented parcelation and that is possible through the Urban Land Management. However, toestablish and implement urban Land Management in Serbia, should create a series of steps, among which arethe most important: the adoption of the Law on denationalization and restitution, joining of land books andcadastral, assessments of market value of land and change Law on Planning and Construction.Key words: sustainable building, urban development, regional development, parcelation, detailed regulationplan, bioclimatic principles, Urban Land Management
Nada Lazarević Bajec
LOKALNO STRATEŠKO PLANIRANJE U SRBIJI: EVALUACIJA REZULTATA
Apstrakt: Savremeno lokalno strateško planiranje podrazumeva horizontalnu i vertikalnu koordinaciju uupravljanju razvojem, integraciju politika, učešće relevantnih aktera i adekvatnu procenu mogućnosti iograničenja. Brojne opštinske strategije razvoja koje su u Srbiji proizvedene u prethodnoj deceniji zahtevajuprocenu kako samog proizvoda (strategija) tako i procesa planiranja. Podržane i finansirane od stranemeđunarodnih organizacija, urađene po različitim metodologijama, pokazuju različit odnos premasredstvima implementacije: regulativi, infrastrukturi i finansiranju.Postavlja se niz pitanja: da li su opštinske strategije razvoja opravdale svoje postojanje, da li su rezultatiproporcionalni uloženim sredstvima, da li kvalitet proizvoda (strategija) pomaže upravljanju lokalnimrazvojem, ili se rezultat celokupne aktivnosti ograničava na učenje, usaglašavanje različitih vrednosti iciljeva, informisanje učesnika o osnovnim karakteristikama i procedurama u demokratskom i tržišnomdruštvu?U radu će se dati pregled dosadašnjih rezultata lokalnog strateškog planiranja u Srbiji, razmotriti problemi unjihovoj evaluaciji i proceniti dometi ovog neformalnog oblika planiranja u postojećem društvenoekonomskom okviru. Poređenjem osnovnih zahteva strateškog planiranja (teorija) i lokalnih inicijativa uSrbiji (praksa) dolazi se do stava da su fundamentalne sistemske reforme preduslov za uspešne planerskepoduhvate. Takođe, podržava se izvesna mera standardizacije strateških lokalnih planova u cilju njihovogunapređenja i povezivanja sa drugim aktivnostima upravljanja i odlučivanja.Ključne reči: strateško lokalno planiranje, integracija politika, metodologija planiranja, Srbija
LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING IN SERBIA: THE EVALUATION OF RESULTS
Abstract: Modern local strategic planning includes horizontal and vertical coordination in the managementof the development, integration of policies, the participation of relevant stakeholders and an adequateassessment of the opportunities and limitations. Many local development strategies which have beenproduced in Serbia in the previous decade require the assessment of the product (the strategy) as well as theprocess of planning. Supported and financed by international organizations, based on differentmethodologies, they demonstrate a variety of attitudes toward the means of implementation: regulations,infrastructure and financing.A numeber of questions can be rised: whether the municipal development strategies justify their existence,whether the results are proportional to investments, whether the quality of the product (the strategy) ishelping the management of local development or, the result of the whole activity is limited to learning, theharmonization of different values and goals, and informing participants about the basic features andprocedures in a democratic and market society?The paper will provide an overview of the results of local strategic planning in Serbia, consider the problemsin their evaluation and assess the achievements of this informal way of planning in the existing socio-econo-mic framework. Through the comparison of the basic requirements of strategic planning (theory) and localinitiatives in Serbia (practical understanding) this paper argues that the fundamental system’s reform is aprerequisite for successful planning operations. It also supports a certain standardization of local strategicplans for the purpose of their enhancement and establishing links to other management and decision-makingactivities.Keywords: strategic local planning, integration of policies, planning methodology, Serbia__________________Prof. dr Nada Lazarević Bajec, Arhitektonski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu (Faculty of Architecture, Belgrade University)
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Mila Pavlović, Aleksandar Radivojević, Ilić Bratislav
PROSTORNO-FUNKCIONALNI RAZVOJ SOKOBANJE
Apstrakt: U radu su analizirane promene demografskih, funkcionalnih i fizionomskih obeležja opštineSokobanja. Opština Sokobanja je integralni deo Zaječarskog okruga, i po svom funkcionalnom kapacitetupredstavlja jednu od najznačajnijih opština pomenutog regiona. Sokobanja predstavlja najveće i pofunkcionalnom kapacitetu najznačajnije naselje istoimene opštine. Blizina i direktni uticaj u više većihurbano industrijskih centara, a prevashodno Niša i Zaječara, u velikoj meri su uticali na tok i nivo razvojaSokobanje. Ovim radom otvorena je tema formiranja strategije održivog prostornog razvoja opštine i urbani-stičkog razvoja Sokobanje uzimajući u obzir integralno geografske uslove, fizičku strukturu, dostupnostjavnih usluga i unapređenje kvaliteta obrazovanja, zasnovane na novim evropskim razvojnim inicijativama.
Ključne reči: funkcija, migracije, razvoj, depopulacija, urbanizacija, funkcionalna transformacija.
SPATIAL-FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOKOBANJA
Abstract: The work analyses changing demographic, functional and physiognomic landmarks of themunicipality of Sokobanja. Sokobanja is an integral part of the Zaječar region and in accordance with itsfunctional capacity represents one of its key municipalities. Sokobanja is the largest and with its functionalcapacity the most important settlement of the municipality bearing the same name. Its proximity andinfluence in a number of larger urban-industrial centers, particularly Niš and Zaječar, has greatly effected thepace and level of development of Sokobanja. This work promotes the need of forming a strategy forsustainable geographic development of the municipality and urban development of Sokobanja, whileaccounting for its integral geographic conditions, its physical structure, proximity of public services andimproving the quality of education, based on new European development initiatives.
Key words: function, migration, development, depopulation, urbanization, functional transformation
__________________Prof. dr Mila Pavlović, Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u BeograduDoc. dr Aleksandar Radivojević, PMF u Nišu, Odsek za geografiju,Ilić Bratislav, asistent Arhitektonski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Svetlana Trajković
IMPLEMENTACIJA DRUŠTVENE ODGOVORNOSTI ORGANIZACIJA
Apstrakt: Gotovo sve značajnije analize koncepta društvene odgovornosti organizacija ukazuju na to da seradi o nezamenljivom konceptu, bez čije primene nije moguće postići ono čemu savremeni svet teži, a štonazivamo održivim razvojem. Stoga je realno očekivati da, u budućnosti, mehanizmi motivacije, kakodobrovoljni, tako i prinudni, snažnije deluju na organizacije kada je društvena odgovornost u pitanju. Zato ćeone morati da se opredele da, ako to već ne čine, snažnije razvijaju neku od dimenzija društvene odgovrnosti,koje su prikazane u ovom radu. Koje će dimenzije dobiti prioritet zavisi od situacije u kojoj se svaka odorganizacija nalazi. Sposobnost koju menadžment bude pokazao u utvrđivanju priortiteta i delovanju uokviru utvrđenih, determinisaće uspešnost pozicioniranja organizacije na budućem tržištu koje će priznavatiisključivo društveno odgovorne.Ključne reči: društvena odgovornost organizacija, dimenzije, standardi
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Abstract: Almost all importante analysis concept social responsibility organization to point thereon on acountof indispensably concept, without employ not possybility to attain what present world to aspire. and which titlesustainable development. Therefore is effectivelly expect in to future, machinery motivation, how willingly,soand corective strenght exercise in organization when is social responsibility at stake. Therefore that it haveyes herself destine, if that no extraneous, strenght development let from dimension social responsibility, whatare critical here in this work. What mesaurement to pull off priority depend from situation precede. Capacitywhom management be to point out at establish priority and activity in establish determine that successfullypositioning organization in future market what that avouch exclusevely social responsibility.Key words: social responsibility organization, dimensions, standards__________________Doc.dr Svetlana Trajković, Fakultet za preduzetnički menadžment Univerziteta UNION u Beogradu
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Ljiljana Stošić-Mihajlović
OPTIMALNI MODEL RAZVOJA ODRŽIVETRŽIŠNE EKONOMIJE I KORPORACIJSKA ODGOVORNOST
Apstrakt: Veza između ekonomije i ekologije privlači veliku pažnju. Konkretno, odnos izmedjuekonomskog razvoja i kvaliteta životne sredine izbija u prvi plan. Koncepti ekorazvoja, strategijaekonomskog razvoja sa ekološkim prizvukom i koncept održivog razvoja, propagiraju stanovište da izmeđuekonomije i ekologije može postojati kako pozitivna tako i negativna međuzavisnost. U današnjoj eri velikihpotreba i jedinstvenih šansi, moderne firme nastoje da ostvare pozitivnu promenu. One doprinose dobrobitizajednice kroz ekonomski razvoj. Odlučne su u nameri da iskoriste svoje snage i svoje prisustvo da pomognuu zaštiti planete i unaprede život stanovnika koji je naseljavaju. Rad ukazuje na to da je korporacijskaodgovornost veoma važan deo savremenog poslovanja. Trag koji ostavljamo za sobom imaće uticaja nabuduće generacije, tako da je od ključnog značaja međusobna saradnja u pronalaženju održivih rešenjaglobalnih, socijalnih i ekonomskih izazova. Ovaj rad potencira značaj, i naglašava nužnost kontinuiranogprocesa društvene reprodukcije koja istovremeno zahteva adekvatno tretiranje prirodnog okruženja.Kreiranje zajedničke politike koja uvažava principe ekonomije i održivog razvoja, upućuje na nužnostdinamičkog ukrštanja ekonomskog, socijalnog, ekološkog i institucionalnog podsistema. Akcenat je naprimeni «Eco-Eco» modela, odnosno na vezi između ekonomskih odnosa i okoline. U smislu održivograzvoja, odnosa ekonomije i ekologije («Eco-Eco»), akcenat je dat na osnovu percepcije životne sredine kaoizvora resursa za ekonomske aktivnosti, ali i kao primaoca otpada, uzimajući u obzir prag tolerancijezagađenja. Značaj ovog pristupa je potkrepljen podacima vezanim za poslovanje kompanije Coca-Cola,najveće svetske kompanije za proizvodnju napitaka. Ova kompanija je tipičan primer insistiranja nainvestiranju u održivi razvoj kroz fokusiranje na upravljanje vodnim resursima, recikliranje ambalaže izaštitu okruženja.Ključne reči: kvalitet životne sredine, ekorazvoj, održivi razvoj, korporacijska odgovornost
OPTIMUM MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE MARKET ECONOMY ANDCORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
Abstract: The link between economics and ecology has received significant attention. In particular, therelationship between economic development and environmental quality has come to the fore. The conceptsof ecodevelopment, an ecologically sound economic development strategy, and sustainable development,have promoted the view that there may be positive as well as negative interdependences between economicsand ecology. In this era of great needs and unique opportunities, modern businesses intend to create positivechange. They contribute to the well-being of communities through economic development. They aredetermined to use their strengths and their presence to help protect the health of our planet and to improvethe lives of the people who inhabit it. The following paper suggests that a very important part of these-daysbusiness is corporate responsibility. The mark we leave will have an impact for generations to come, so it iscrucial to work with others to find viable solutions to global, social and economic challenges. This paperdiscusses the significance and emphasize necessities of continual process of the social reproduction andadequate treating envirnoment as well. Creating unique policy, which taking care of economy principles andsustainable development, requires dynamical cooexisting economical, social, ecological and institutionalsubsystems. The accent is on use "Eco-Eco" model as connection between economy and ecology. Regardingsustainable develompent and relations between economy and ecology, one emphasizes the significant role ofenvirnoment as natural resources as an input in economy production, and acceptor of integral waste as well,taking care abaout limits of pollution. Importance of this approach is substantiated with The Coca-ColaCompany’s data, the world’s largest beverage company. This company is typical example of commitment toinvesting in a sustainable development through a focus on water stewardship, sustainable packaging andclimate protection.Key words: environmental quality, ecodevelopment, sustainable development, corporate responsibility________________________
Doc.dr Ljiljana Stošić-Mihajlović, Visoka škola primenjenih strukovnih studija, Vranje
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Marina Petrović
OSNOVNI PRISTUPI TRŽIŠNOM MODELU ZEMLJIŠNEPOLITIKE I STANJE U SRBIJI
Apstrakt: U radu se analiziraju ciljevi, instrumenati i oblici uredjivanja i korišćenja gradjevinskog zemljištakako bi se maksimilizovali socio-ekonomski efekti upotrebe gradjevinskog zemljišta u kontekstu tržišneekonomije. Oslonac rada je u relevantnim ekonomskim teorijama: teoriji blagostanja, teoriji nesavršenostitržišta i teoriji tržišta gradskog zemljišta. Takodje se analiziraju praksa i dokumenti koji obuhvatajugradjevinsko zemljište u Srbiji i gradu Beogradu. Ukazuje se na činjenicu da je tržište gradjevinskogzemljišta osnovni mehanizam alokacije resursa i raspodele dohotka. Konstatuje se da je potrebna zaštitasvojinskih prava, pre svega privatne svojine nad resursima, a čije je sistemsko lišavanje u socijalističkomsistemu bilo razorno po samu suštinu sistema. Ocenjuje se da su za uspešnu reformu zemljišne politikepodjednako važni i medjusobno povezani sledeći aspekti: privatizacija državnog zemljišta, postavljanjenovih zakonskih okvira, uvodjenje poreskog sistema nad zemljištem na osnovu iskustva post-Sovjetskihzemalja i zemalja Evrope, koje su prošle proces tranzicije i čija iskustva govore u prilog tezi da su reforme uzemljišnoj politici osnov reformi ka tržišnoj ekonomiji jedne zemlje. Analizom rezultata učinjenih u oblastizemljišne politike zaključuje se da su dostignuti pomaci u zemljišnoj politici Srbije značajni, ali da jeneophodno nastaviti sa reformom radi kretanja ka tržišnom modelu zemljišne politike u Srbiji, koji je moždanajbolje iskazan u sledećoj rečenici: „Tek kada budemo ne samo sledili najbolje uzore već i samipredstavljali drugima takve uzore, tek tada će biti uslova da postanemo bogati i snažni.”
Ključne reči: gradjevinsko zemljište, uredjivanje i korišćenje gradjevinskog zemljišta, tržište zemljišta,svojina nad zemljištem.
THE BASIC APPROACHES TO THE MARKET MODEL OFLAND USE POLICY AND CONDITION IN SERBIA
Abstract: In order to maximize the socio-economic effects of land use system, in the context of marketeconomy, this paper analyzes the goals, instruments and forms of urban land development and land usesystem. The basis of this paper is in relevant economical theories: the Theory of Wellbeing, Theory ofMarket Imperfection, and the Market Theory of the Urban Land. The practice and documents that refer toconstruction land in Serbia and the city of Belgrade are also analyzed. This implies that the market ofconstruction land is the main mechanism for the allocation of resources and distribution of income. It isconcluded that the protection of personal rights is necessary, primarily over the private property of theresources. The systematic deprivation of these resources has been fatal for the core of the system itself. Thefollowing aspects are estimated as equally important and mutually intertwined when it comes to the reformin land use policy: the privatization of public land, the establishment of new laws, and the introduction of atax-based system for the land. Based on the experience of the post-SSSR countries and European countriesthat have passed through the transition period, it is concluded that the reforms in land use policy are thebasis for the alterations of the market economy of a given country. Analyzing the results of the implementedchanges within the sphere of the land use policies, it is concluded that the achieved advances are significantin the land use policy of Serbia. It is vital to continue with these alterations for a strong progress towards themarket model of the land use policy of Serbia. The necessity of the continuation of these alterations is bestsummarized in the following: “The fate of the rich and powerful lies not only in the following of our mostpositive ideals, but presenting oneself as a positive ideal for others.”
Key words: construction land, urban land development and land use system, land market, land property.
__________________Marina Petrović, Dipl. inž. arh., student doktorskih studija Arhitektonskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, oblast istraživanjaurbanizam; J.P. Direkcija za gradjevinsko zemljište i izgradnju Beograda (Architectural Engineer, student of doctoral studies,University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, Major: Research in Urban Studies; Belgrade Land Development Public Agency)
Majda Adlešić
ODRŽIVOST KONCEPTA IDEJE “VRTNI GRAD” U PROCESU REVITALIZACIJE SELAprimer naselja Kulpin u Vojvodini
Apstrakt: U smislu zadovoljenja potrebe i namere obnavljanja života na selu važan segment predstavljaadekvatno rešenje pejzažnog i prostornog uredjenja tih lokaliteta. Pri tome je važno sačuvati obeležja
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prostora koja meštanima pojačavaju osećaj pripadanja i generacijama utiču na formiranje identiteta.Istovremeno, da bi omogućili revitalizaciju sela neophodno je učiniti ga dovoljno primamljivim i prilagoditisve sofisticiranijim potrebama posebno mladjih intelektualaca, kakvi najviše nedostaju našim selima. Jedanod mogućih modela za postizanje uredjenosti koja će zadržati i privući nove populacije a sačuvati identitetnaselja je primena ideje i koncepta vrtnog grada. Ideja vrtnog grada, iako potiče iz još iz antičkih vremena,materijalizaciju doživljava s kraja 19. veka u Engleskoj a kod nas prolazi dosta nezapaženo. Suštinski motivideje Ebenzera Hauarda, bio je u tome da postojeće funkcije grada, odnosno naselja uopšteno organizuje naprincipima organskog rasta. Sam naziv vrtni grad nije podrazumevao nešto odredjeno vezano za samepojmove i kategorije vrt ili grad. Ideja se odnosila na racionalni i uredni pristup složenom sistemu kakavupravo ima vrt. Organizacijom prostora koju je definisala ideja vrtnog grada stvara se ravnoteža ijedinstvenost uprkos razlikama i omogućava održivost uprkos potrebama rasta, baš kao u vrtu. Otvorenostideje u smislu nepostojanja preciznog rešenja dok se ne utvrde svi parametri prostora kojima se izražavanjegova autentičnost omogućuju njenu primenu na različitim lokalitetima. Selo Kulpin, jedno odvojvodjanskih „ušorenih sela“, precizne organizacione strukture prostora spada medju mnogobrojna kojapreživljavaju krizu na svim nivoima. U samom centru naselja postoji zaštićeno istorijsko jezgro, kojepredstavlja karakteristiku visokog nivoa urbanosti u seoskoj sredini. Idejom vrtnog grada jezgro postajeinicijalna tačka prostora kojom se stvara nova dimenzija čitavog naselja. Istovremeno primenom ideje vrtnoggrada stvara se održivost i veza urbanog i prirodnog pejzaža koji je takodje specifičan, što popravlja ne samofizički kvalitet prostora već i sadržaje i ponude, pa samim tim i kompletnu socio-ekonomsku situaciju.Ključne reči: vrtni grad / koncept prostora/ revitalizacija sela / održivi razvoj
THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CONCEPT OF THE IDEA OF A “GARDEN CITY” IN THEPROCES OF COUNTRY REVITALIZATION - An Example of the Settlement of Kulpin in Vojvodina
Abstract: In the sense of satisfying the need and intention to renew life in the country, an adequate solution oflandscape and spatial arrangement of these locations represents a very important segment. For all that, it is crucialto keep those characteristics of space that are the ones that, from the aspect of local inhabitants, increase thefeeling of belonging there and, through many generations, influence on people’s identity formation. At the sametime, in order to enable the country revitalization, it is necessary to make it attractive enough and adjust it to moreand more sophisticated needs of, particularly, younger intellectuals, who are missing mostly in the country. One ofthe possible models for achieving the arrangement that will keep and attract new population, but still keep theidentity of a settlement is the application of the idea and concept of a garden city. The idea of a garden city,although it dates from the antique times, got materialized by the end of the 19th century in England, while here ithas passed unnoticed. The crucial motive of Howard Ebenezer’s idea was to organize the existing functions of atown i.e. a settlement in general, on principles of organic growth. The very name “garden city” did not denotesomething particular related to the very notions and categories of garden of a city. The idea referred to rationaland tidy approach to the complex system typical precisely of a garden. Organizing the space defined by the idea ofa garden city brings about harmony and uniqueness despite differences and enables its sustainability despite needsof growth, just like in a garden. Until all parameters of space get established, especially the ones that express itsauthenticity, in the sense of the non-existence of a precise solution, the openness of the idea enables itsapplication on different locations. The village of Kulpin, one of “street shaped villages” in Vojvodina, with itsprecise organizational space structure belongs to numerous villages that pass trough a crisis of all levels. At thevery center of the settlement, there is a protected historical core, which represents a characteristic of a high levelof city planning in a village environment. According to the idea of a garden city, the core becomes an initial pointof space by which a new dimension of a whole settlement is created. At the same time, applying the idea of agarden city, there is created sustainability and relationship between urban and natural landscapes, which is alsospecific, improving not only a physical quality of the space, but also its contents and offers, so in that way also thecomplete socio-economical situation.Key words: garden city, space concept, country revitalization, sustainable development.__________________Majda Adlešić, dipl. ing. hortikulture, Turistička organizacija Opštine Bački Petrovac (Horticultural Grad. Eng., The TouristOrganization of the Municipality of Backi Petrovac)
Dejana Nedučin, Olga Carić, Vladimir Kubet
INFLUENCES OF GENTRIFICATION ON IDENTITY SHIFT OFAN URBAN FRAGMENT - A CASE STUDY
Abstract: This paper discusses the process of gentrification, researched through a perspective of its positiveand negative aspects. It underlines the importance of reasonable proportioning, sensible structuring and long-term planning of transformation of urban spaces, which contributes to an upgrade of living conditions and
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qualitative advancement of social consciousness and development of needs of the local inhabitants,regardless of their socio-economic profile. Despite not perceiving gentrification as an a priori negativeprocess, alterations of an urban tissue carried out through radical and narrowly interpreted modifications oftheir character which caused undesired changes in the perception and use of the space are analyzed as well.A case study of the transformation of an urban fragment in Novi Sad is presented, correlating it to examplesof relevant urban regenerations in the world. The goal of the study was to critically valorize the over-allrenewal of the aforementioned fragment, taking into account architectural, urban, social, cultural, financial,tourist and safety facets.Key words: gentrification, urban renewal, urban transformation, socio-economic impact
UTICAJ DŽENTRIFIKACIJE NA PROMENU IDENTITETAURBANOG FRAGMENTA - STUDIJA SLUČAJA
Apstrakt: U datom radu istraživan je proces džentrifikacije kroz analizu njegovih pozitivnih i negativnihaspekata. Naglašen je značaj umerene, smisleno organizovane i dugoročno planirane transformacijefragmenta gradskog prostora koja doprinosi poboljšanju životnih uslova, kvalitativnom skoku svesti i razvojupotreba lokalnih stanovnika, bez obzira na njihov socio-ekonomski profil. Ne posmatrajući džentrifikacijukao a priori negativnog procesa, prikazane su alteracije urbanog tkiva izvedene kroz radikalne i jednoznačnemodifikacije njegovog karaktera, koje su doprinele neželjenim promenama u percepciji i upotrebi datogprostora od strane korisnika. U radu je analizirana studija slučaja transformacije urbanog fragmenta u NovomSadu, uz uspostavljanje korelacije sa primerima relevantnih urbanih regeneracija u svetu. Cilj istraživanja bioje kritičko valorizovanje celokupne obnove datog područja, obuhvatajući arhitektonske, urbanističke,sociološke, kulturološke, ekonomske, turističke i bezbednosne činioce.
Ključne reči: džentrifikacija, urbana obnova, urbana transformacija, socio-ekonomski uticaj
__________________Dejana Nedučin, teaching assistant, dipl. eng. arch., M.Sci, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Technical Sciences,University of Novi Sad
Olga Carić, teaching assistant, dipl. eng. arch., M.Sci, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management, University Business Academy, N. Sad,
Vladimir Kubet, teaching assistant, dipl. eng. arch., M.Sci, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Technical Sciences,University of Novi Sad
Danica Stanković, Sonja Krasić
SEOSKO PODRUČJE NA TERITORIJI GRADA NIŠA - PRIRODNO I KULTURNO NASLEĐEKAO TURISTIČKI POTENCIJAL U KONTEKSTU REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA
Apstrakt: Na osnovu obavljene prve faze snimanja, prikupljanja materijala i informacija o postojećem fondururalnih naselja na administrativnom području grada Niša, formirana je baza podataka o prirodnom ikulturnom nasleđu u 66 sela.
U ovom radu su prikazani mogući modeli njihove sistematizacije, definisani kriterijumi za analizu i utvrđenniz parametara za vrednovanje kao osnov za dalja istraživanja, sa ciljem da se ukaže na mogućnostiunapređenja, da se evidentiraju postojeći turistički potencijali i trasiraju pravaci za njihovu promociju krozkonkretne projekte u revitalizaciji i razvoju sela.
Ključne reči : seosko područje, razvoj, prirodno i kulturno nasleđe, turistički potencijal
THE RURAL AREA IN THE CITY OF NIS TERRITORY – NATURAL AND CULTURALESTATE AS TOURIST POTENTIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Abstract: After the announced first phase of the recored material collecting and the information in the ruralareas in the administrative are of the City of Nis, the data base on the natural and cultural estate in 66villages was created.
In this paper, the possible systematization models for the natural and cultural estate have been presented,and the criteria for the analysis and its evaluation in respect to the determined set of parameters have beendefined. The conducted classifications make further research possible and gives the guidelines for theconcrete action in the revitalization and the village development.
Key words : rural area, development, natural and cultural estate, tourist potential
__________________Danica Stanković, Magistar tehničkih nauka iz oblasti arhitekture i urbanizma, asistent Građevinsko-arhitektonskog fakulteta u NišuSonja Krasić, Doktor tehničkih nauka iz oblasti arhitekture i urbanizma, docent Građevinsko-arhitektonskog fakulteta u Nišu
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C. SPATIAL PLANNING OF SPECIAL PURPOSE AREAS AND REGIONALDEVELOPMENT
C. PROSTORNO PLANIRANJE PODRUČJA SA POSEBNOM NAMENOM IREGIONALNI RAZVOJ
Nenad Spasić, Tamara Maričić, Vesna Jokić,
UPRAVLJANJE PROSTORNIM RAZVOJEM U ZONAMAVELIKIH STRUKTURNIH PROMENA
Apstrakt: Rad se bavi razmatranjem različitih aspekata upravljanja prostornim razvojem u zonamakarakterističnim po značajnim intervencijama u prostoru koje imaju za posledicu strukturne promene ukorišćenju prostora, socijalnom i privrednom razvoju, kvalitetu sredine i kvalitetu ambijenta. To su, presvega, veliki rudarski baseni, zone velikih vodnih akumulacija i magistralni infrastrukturni koridori. Rad sebavi normativnim, institucionalnim i organizacionim pretpostavkama za upravljanje prostornim razvojem,pristupima u planiranju, izgradnji i uređenju prostora, pretraživanjem i strukturiranjem baza podatka irazvojem informacionog sistema, sistema indikatora i sistema monitoringa. Posebna pažnja posvećena jeusklađivanju i sinhronizaciji aktivnosti na izradi studijske, planske i tehničke dokumentacije kao iprocedurama razmatranja i donošenja odgovarajućih odluka od strane nadležnih organa i institucija narepubličkom, regionalnom i lokalnom nivou.
MANAGING SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ZONES WITH BIG STRUCTURAL CHANGES
Abstract:Paper considers different aspects of spatial development management in the zones characterised bysignificant spatial interventions, whose consequences are structural changes in usage of space, social andeconomic development, environmental and ambient quality. Those are, above all, big mining regions, zonesof big water accumulations and main infrastructure corridors. Paper deals with normative, institutional andorganisational assumptions for managing spatial development, planning approaches, construction and spatialarrangement, searching and structuring data basis and development of information system, indicators systemand monitoring system. Special attention is given to balancing and synchronisation of activities duringcompilation of study, planning and technical documentation, as well as procedures of considering andenacting appropriate decisions by competent authorities on national, regional and local level.
__________________dr Nenad Spasić, mr Tamara Maričić, Vesna Jokić, Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije
Elisavet Thoidou
THE MULTIFACETED ROLE OF TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT:POTENTIALITIES FOR REGIONAL POLICY FORMATION
Transport corridors play a significant role in promoting socio economic development over the last twodecades. Globalization trends along with the importance of various forms of networks are the mainunderlying factors. In the context of EU transport policy, transport corridors constitute a policy field withincreasing importance and considerable spatial dimensions. As is stated in the ESDP, there is a strongrelationship between transport corridors and cohesion policy that is evident in all stages of relevant projects.It is worth mentioning that many INTERREG projects (networking and cooperation schemes, elaboration ofstudies as well as hard infrastructure building) are focused on existing or potential transport corridors all overEurope. However, several issues arise when considering this relationship in different spatial levels. In thispaper it is argued that, besides the macro level of the European Union, the micro level of the variouslocalities and regions along transport corridors should be given equal importance. At the regional levelespecially, transport corridors can contribute to both, overall regional competitiveness and intra regionalcohesion. Hence, in cases of existing or planned transport corridors, regional development policy shouldclearly address this relationship in order to exploit emerging benefits and avoid possible backwash effectsfrom the operation of the corridor. Then, the transport corridor could serve as an integrated spatial planning
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approach which could be utilized in support of local and regional development. This paper deals with acorridor-based approach in a transnational cooperation area, and presents an effort to utilize it in theformation of regional policy.
__________________Elisavet Thoidou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Dragana Dunčić
PROSTORNI PLANOVI SAOBRAĆAJNIH INFRASTRUKTURNIH KORIDORA KAO FAKTORPOVEĆANJA PRISTUPAČNOSTI TERITORIJE
Apstrakt: Jedan od glavnih prostornih prioriteta Razvojna strategija Republike Srbije, kao i Regionalnerazvojne strategije AP Vojvodine predstavlja obezbeđivanje pristupa infrastrukturi. U tom smislu povećanjemobilnosti i pristupačnosti predstavlja jedan od osnovnih preduslova bržeg ekonomskog razvoja Republike,kako kroz razvoj primarnih, tako i kroz razvoj njenih sekundarnih saobraćajnica.
U oblasti putne infrastrukture ovakav pristup obezbeđuje (kroz unapređenje postojeće i izgradnju novemreže) povećanje pristupačnosti unutar regiona Srbije i bolje povezivanje sa regionima u neposrednomokruženju, a preko njih i sa drugim regionima u širem međunarodnom okruženju, čime se obezbeđuju iuslovi za privlačenje međunarodnih transportnih tokova. Prostorni planovi saobraćajnih infrastrukturnihkoridora svakako su faktor povećanja pristupačnosti teritorije. Od posebnog značaja je činjenica da ćeizgradnja novih saobraćajnica imati za posledicu smanjenje perifernosti brojnih, danas nerazvijenih seoskih ipograničnih područja.
Na osnovu strateških opredeljenja i smernica Prostornog plana Republike Srbije, Strategije razvojaželezničkog, drumskog, vodnog, vazdušnog i intermodalnog transporta u Republici Srbiji od 2008. do 2015.godine, Programa privrednog razvoja APV, proistekla su opredeljenja za izradu Prostornog plana područjaposebne namene infrastrukturnog koridora I reda br. 21 Novi Sad-Ruma-Šabac i državnog puta I reda br. 19Šabac-Loznica, kao i Prostornog plana mreže koridora saobraćajne infrastrukture na osnovnom pravcudržavnog puta I reda M 24 (Subotica-Zrenjanin-Kovin).
Izradom ovih Prostornih planova obezbediće se neophodni prostorni uslovi za povezivanje koridora X injegovog kraka Xb sa koridorm IV (na delu rumunska granica – Zrenjanin - E-75 - Novi Sad – Ruma - E-70)i dalje povezivanje u pravcu koridora državnog puta I reda br. 19 Šabac-Loznica.
Pored boljeg povezivanja sa neposrednim i širim međunarodnim okruženjem najznačajniji intraregionalniefekti realizacije ovih koridora ogledaju se u poboljšanju regionalne pozicije u domenu pristupačnosti, usaobraćajnom rasterećenju urbanih područja (obilaznica oko Novog Sada, Iriga, Rume, Šapca i Loznice) iuklanjanju tranzita sa područja Nacionalnog parka Fruška gora (tunel).
Treba istaći da će podizanje nivoa pristupačnosti područja obuhvaćenog izradom Prostornog plana imatipozitivne efekte na podizanje konkurentnosti, a samim tim i na dinamiku budućeg razvoja.
Ključne reči: infrastrukturni koridori, prostorni planovi, pristupačnost, konkurentnost,
SPATIAL PLANS OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURAL CORRIDORS AS A FACTOR IN
INCREASING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF THE COUNTRY
Abstract: One of main spatial priorities of the Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia, as well asthe Regional Strategy of the AP of Vojvodina is ensuring access to infrastructure. In that sense, the increasein mobility and accessibility is one of fundamental preconditions of faster economic development of theRepublic, both through development of primary and its secondary transport routes.
In the area of road infrastructure this approach ensures (through improvement of the existing andconstruction of a new network) a greater accessibility within the regions of Serbia and better links withregions in the vicinity, and through them with other regions as well in a wider international environment, bywhich conditions for attracting international transport flows are ensured. Spatial plans of transportinfrastructural corridors are by all means a factor in increasing the accessibility of the territory. Of specialsignificance is the fact that the construction of new transport routes will result in the reduction of numerousperipheral, undeveloped rural and border areas.
On the basis of strategic commitments and guidelines of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, Strategyof the Development of Rail, Road, Water, Air and Intermodal Transport in the Republic of Serbia in theperiod 2008 to 2015, the Program of Economic Development of the AP of Vojvodina, determinations for
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drawing up the following were set up: the Spatial Plan of the Special-Purpose Area of 1st ClassInfrastructural Corridor No. 21, Novi Sad – Ruma - Šabac and the first-class state road No. 19, Šabac –Loznica, as well as the Spatial Plan of Corridor Network of Transport Infrastructure on the main direction ofthe class 1 state road, M 24 (Subotica – Zrenjanin – Kovin).
By drawing up these spatial plans, necessary spatial conditions for linking corridor X and its leg Xb withcorridor IV (in the section Romanian border – Zrenjanin – E-75 – Novi Sad – Ruma – E-70) will be ensuredand further linking in the direction of the class 1 state road No. 19, Šabac – Loznica.
In addition to better links with the immediate and wider international environment, the most important intra-regional effects of the realization of these corridors will be reflected in the improvement of internationalposition in the domain of accessibility, transport relaxation of urban areas (ring roads around Novi Sad, Irig,Ruma, Šabac and Loznica) and removal of transit from the area of the Fruška Gora National Park (tunnel).
It should be pointed out that the increase in accessibility of the area comprised by the Spatial Plan will havepositive effects on the increase in competitiveness and therefore on the pace of future development.
Key words: infrastructural corridors, spatial plans, accessibility, competitiveness.
__________________Dragana Dunčić, dpp, JP Zavod za urbanizam Vojvodine, Novi Sad
Svetlana Vukanović, Despina Syrri
CORRIDOR X, A EUROPEAN ROAD TO HUMANDEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL COHESION
Corridor X links eight countries, meets numerous cities, towns and villages, and connects logistics hubs inthe region, while its main axis, Salzburg – Ljubljana – Zagreb – Beograd – Nis – Skopje – Veles –Thessaloniki, is subdivided and extended with four branches. The modern highway, constructed by theEuropean Union and states in the region with the assistance of international organisations such as the WorldBank, EBRD, EIB, links the Southern Balkans with Central Europe and the Trans-European TransportNetwork. Corridor X meets Via Egnatia, another huge infrastructure European project linking Istanbul to theIonian Sea, and connects to E-80 toward Bulgaria, thus re-emphasising the strategic importance of the regionsince ancient times. This paper recognises the socio-political implications of transport infrastructure andexplores the social life of transit networks by asking how sites of transport stations, bus and road networks,multi-lane super-highways have provided new mediums for communication, promising liberation, progress,and unification. At the same time, it also explores ways in which these networks have created new spaces forthe materialization and experience of safety, economic opportunities in trade, industry and tourism,population movement and environmental protection challenges, job creation, human developmentpossibilities for local communities, rural and urban people, as well as changes in land use and value, thusreshaping the map of the Balkans. Distances shorten, whole areas move away from isolation, particularly asparts of the space traversed by Corridor X get linked to European space and the European Union through theaccession of the Western Balkan countries and Europeanization. Such infrastructure projects have beenheralded as opening roads and joining worlds, trafficking peoples, religions, classes, ideologies, customs,economies and perceptions. The exploration will depict the various instances of road building, that is thenegotiations, the (re)opening and closing of the Corridor X construction and sections of it at differentmoments in time. The flows as well as the disruptions of flows, triggered by the mentioned instances, havealways been embedded in contexts of struggles for access and connection. The paper will then explore howaccess to the Corridor X and to transregional traffic flow has been beneficial for the region’s commercialactivities, integration and communication, as well as the difficulties encountered. At the same time today’sinternational development policy raises important questions concerning the systematic social effects of aidrelationships and the working of power relations built through the standardisations and efficiencies of atechnocratic, market orientated framework.
The aim of the research is also to improve our understanding of the relationship between technologies andsocial change, by exploring the ways in which the technology of roads becomes a site for the mobilisation,reproduction or challenging of social practices, identities, and relations. In particular, we are interested inhow technologies and the knowledge practices which they require and produce, work to materialise andoperationalise abstractions such as 'the state' and 'the economy' in ways which might help us acknowledgeand understand the terrain of the uneven modernities that development projects aim to alleviate. The paper isa response to a need to sustain a systematic approach to exploring the dynamics of constructing spacethrough transport corridors, as well as capacity development for participatory planning approaches and
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policy design at the national and local level in the countries and communities traversed by and on issuesaffecting Corridor X.
Key words: corridor X, regional development, mobility, economy, social effects, local planning, capacitydevelopment
__________________Svetlana Vukanović, The World Bank Serbian Country OfficeDespina Syrri, Navarino Initiative, Thessaloniki, Greece
Stevan M. Stanković, Jelena I. Jošanović
TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA JEZERA
Apstrakt: Turistička valorizacija je kompleksna ocena prirodnih i antropogenih vrednosti od značaja zarazvoj turizma u jednom mestu, regiji, zemlji, konkretnom objektu ili skupini objekata koji imaju jedan iliviše atributa turističke privlačnosti. Nameće se kao jedno od najvažnijih pitanja teorijsko-metodološkihosnova turizma, ali i operativnih delatnosti posebno kod planiranja i definisanja namene prostora, izboralokacija, načina prezentovanja postojećih vrednosti i osvrta na stanje i perspektivu životne sredine. Turističkevrednosti prirodnih i veštačkih jezera nisu samo njihova privlačnost, prepoznativost, neponovljivost,postojeći rariteti i ljudskom rukom i umom stvorena obeležja, već sve to zajedno, uz posebno uvažavanjegeografskog položaja i pristupačnosti, kao i ukupnog stepena očuvanosti ekosistema. Za turističkuvalorizaciju jezera najvažniji je objektivni kvalitet koji se doživljava i procenjuje jer definiše dijalektičkiodnos subjekat – objekat. Reč je o trajnom procesu procenjivanja i rangiranja turističkih vrednosti, koje su,kao i jezera promenljive u vremenu i prostoru. Pogoršanje samo jednog kvaliteta može toliko redukovatiturističku vrednost da ona više ne pobuđuje pažnju turista i mora se na poseban način uvažavati pri izradiopštih ili posebnih prostornih planova.
Ključne reči: Turistička valorizacija, elementi, faktori, jezera, prostorno planiranje.
TOURISTIC VALORIZATION OF LAKES
Abstract: Touristic valorization is a complex assessment of natural and anthropogenic characteristicsimportant for the development of tourism in a certain place, region, country, object or a group of objectswhich has one or more touristic attractions. It is one of the most important issues of theoretico-methodological tourism basis but also of activities in planning and defining of space use, choice of location,the way of presentation of existing values and observation of the present situation and perspectives ofenvironment. Touristic values of natural and artificial lakes are not only their attraction, recognizability,uniqueness, existing rarities and features created by human hand and mind, but all that in concert, withspecial consideration to geographic location, accessibility and to the degree of preservation of the ecosystem.For touristic valorization of lakes the most important quality is the one which can be experienced andestimated as a dialectical relation between the subject and the object. It is a permanent process of assessmentand rating of the touristic values which are, like the lakes, changeable in time and space. Degradation of onlyone character may reduce the touristic value so much that it does not attract tourists any more. That is whyeach character must be taken into account in making general or special spatial plans.
Key words: Touristic valorization, elements, factors, lakes, spatial planning
__________________dr prof. emeritus Stevan M. Stanković, Jelena I. Jošanović
Nenad Spasić, Gordana Džunić, Jasmina Đurđević
KONFLIKTI I OGRANIČENJA U PROSTORNOM RAZVOJU RUDARSKIH BASENA
Apstrakt: Relativno visok stepen konfliktnosti razvoja i razvojnih ciljeva je objektivna okolnost sa kojom sesuočava planiranje u velikim rudarskim basenima. Postoje brojni konflikti: između lokalnih i širih društvenihinteresa /zauzimanjа zemljišta, preseljenja – proizvodnje energije/, kratkoročnih i dugoročnih, posebnih/granskih/ i opštih ciljeva itd.
Osnovni razvojni konflikti vezani su za odnos između REIS i okruženja, koji se manifestuju u domenuregionalnog razvoja, nekompatibilnih proizvodnih funkcija /rudarstvo-poljoprivreda/, korišćenja i uređivanjaprostora, korišćenja prirodnih resursa i degradacije sredine. Prema tome, jedan od najznačajnijih zadataka
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planiranja u velikim rudarskim basenima je identifikacija, ocena, sučeljavanje i relativizacija konfliktnostirazvoja i razvojnih ciljeva. Zadatak planiranja je da ponudi objektivizirane parametre /pokazatelje/ o stanjurazvoja, njegovim potencijalima i ograničenjima, zatim koncept alternativnih strategija budućeg razvojauključujući i njihove moguće efekte, konverziju širih društvenih prioriteta u kriterijume za vrednovanjealternativnih strategija i dr., odnosno da ponudi adekvatnu studijsko-analitičku dokumentaciju kao platformuza iskazivanje ciljeva i interesa brojnih društvenih subjekata i njihovo usaglašavanje putem participacije udonošenju planskih odluka.
Ključne reči: rudarski basen, planiranje, konflikti, razvoj
CONFLICTS AND LIMITATIONS IN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF MINING BASINS
Abstract: A relatively high degree of conflicts between development and developmental goals is anobjective condition that one has to face in planning in large mining basins. Numerous conflicts exist:between wider public larger social interests (land occupation, removal – power production), short-term andlong-term goals, specific and general aims, etc. Basic developmental conflicts exist in the relationshipbetween the mining-energy-industrial system and its environment, and they are manifested in areas ofregional development, incompatible production functions (mining – agriculture), land use and organization,exploitation of natural resources, and environmental degradation. Thus, one of the most important planningtasks in large mining basins is to identify, evaluate, confront and compare development conflicts anddevelopmental goals. The tasks of the planning process is to offer objective parameters (indices) concerningthe state of development, its potentials and limitations, as well as the concept of alternative strategies offuture development, including their possible effects, conversion of larger social priorities into criteria forevaluating alternative strategies, i.e. to offer adequate analytical documents as a platform for the expressionof goals and interests of numerous social subjects and their harmonisation in the process of participation inplanning decision making.
Key words: mining basins, planning, coflicts, development
__________________dr Nenad Spasić, Gordana Džunić, Jasmina Đurđević, Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije
Nevena Vasiljević, Jelena Živković
NOVI PRISTUP VREDNOSTIMA PREDELA U STRATEGIJI PROSTORNOG RAZVOJA SRBIJE- KORAK KA IMPLEMENTACIJI EVROPSKE KONVENCIJE O PREDELIMA?
Koncept „predela“ je višeznačan ali je suštinski holistički. Vrednost predela je u njegovom diverzitetu, vezisa prošlošću, prirodnom i kulturnom nasleđu, biodiverzitetu, i konačno karakteru kao elementu kulture iidentiteta.
Podržavajući savremena naučna kretanja u istraživanju predela, Evropska konvencija o predelima predviđaneophodne aktivnosti da bi se ostvarili ciljevi planiranja, upravljanja i zaštite evropskih predela, kao delaprirodnog i kulturnog nasleđa.To su: 1) prepoznavanje predela u zakonima; 2) integrisatnje predela u sverelevantne propise i procedure; 3) identifikacija i procena predela, 4) definisanje kvaliteta predela, odnosnociljeva koje treba ostvariti da bi predeo bio onakav kakvim ga, pored profesionalaca, procenjuje i javnost. 5)zaštita onog što treba zaštiti u predelu; 6) upravljanje onim što zahteva kontinuirano upravljanje; 7)planiranje odnosno, prema Konvenciji, utvrđivanje jasne i progresivne akcije da bi se unapredio, restauriraoi kreirao novi predeo; 8) monitoring u predelu da bi se utvrdile promene i uticaji promena na karakterpredela, kao i ostvarivanje ili neostvarivanje zadatih ciljeva.
Anlizom savremenih evropskih iskustava u implemetaciji Evropske konvencije o predelima, ovim radom sepredlažu modaliteti njene implamentacije u okvirima Startegije prostornog razvoja Srbije. To su aktivnostikoje predstavljaju bazne korake u unapređenju stanja i prevenciji negativnog pravca razvoja predela,prevashodno su oslonjene na mere koje obezbeđuju kratkoročne i vidljive efekte ali i koje predstavljajuosnovu za transformaciju sistema planiranja i upravljanja kojim bi se dugoročno obezbedio visok kvalitetpredela u Srbiji.
Ključne reči: Evropska konvencija o predelima, karakter predela, holizam, planiranje predela, Strategijaprostornog razvoja Srbije, Studija o predelima Srbije.
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A NEW APPROACH TO LANDSCAPE IN THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OFSERBIA – A STEP TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION OF EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE
CONVENTION
Abstract: The concept of ‘landscape’ has multiple meaning and is intrinsically holistic. Values of landscapesare its diversity, connection with past, natural and historical heritage, biodiversity, and, finally, character as aelement of culture and identity.
Encouraging the contemporary scientific approach to landscape, European Landscape convention define theaction that is needed everywhere, for every landscape, to promote the protection, management and planningof Europe’s landscape as a cultural and natural heritage. a part of to gain the goals. The actions are: 1) torecognize landscapes in law; 2) to integrate landscape into all relevant policies; 3) to identify and assesslandscapes (to describe their character and the key elements in that character; to analyse what contributes to,and what detracts from, their quality and distinctiveness); 4) to define objectives for landscape quality, afterpublic consultation: these objectives should form the frame for the main process of physical action,embodied in the next three verbs; 5) to protect what should be protected; 6) to manage what needsmanagement in order to be sustained; 7) to plan, in the sense stated in the Convention, namely to take strongforward-looking action to enhance, restore and create landscapes; 8) to monitor what is happening to thelandscapes, in terms of change and the impact of that change upon the character of the landscapes and uponthe achievement.
Analysis of contemporary European experiences in the implementation of the European LandscapeConvention, this paper proposes a modality of its implementation within the Spatial Development Strategy ofSerbia.
These are activities that are the base steps in the improvement of the situation and prevention of the negativelandscape trends, primarily dependent on the measures to provide short-term and visible results and that isthe basis for the transformation of systems planning and management that would provide long-term high-quality regions in Serbia.
Key words: European landscape convention, landscape character, holism, landscape planning, SpatialDevelopment Strategy of Serbia, Serbian’s Landscape Study.
__________________Nevena Vasiljević, Odsek za pejzažnu arhitekturu i hortikulturu, Šumarski Fakultut, Univerzitet u Beogradu (Department oflandscape architecture and horticulture, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade University)Jelena Živković, Arhitektonski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu ( Faculty of Architecture, Belgrade University)
Nadja Kurtović-Folić
PRESERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND EXPLOATATION OFCULTURAL HERITAGE AND REGIONAL IDENTITY
Abstract: South Eastern Europe can be described in many ways. The attention could be drawn to twoassociation characteristics of this region. The first is ambivalence and the other, often overlooked, is theserious complex of the inhabitants of this region, a peculiar trauma that generates a need to seek supportfrom history, and strength and identity in the past. The fact is that the communists totally ignored the issue ofproperty. Today problems of ownership are one of the most burning issues in Serbian cultural heritage, andoften the key to effective heritage preservation. Serbia is a country where ownership relations are one of themost complicated legaciec of the past. The monuments of South Eastern Europe lacked maintenance and theobligation of all involved subjects of proper and continous upkeep. Last decade of XX century brought achange in the rules of heritage management. Today, monument is no longer only a sacrum but also a market-able good that is increasingly the subject of a market offer, which is espacially visible in the centres of manycities. There has been a rapid departure from the static model of preservation. Equaly rapidly it transpiredthat everything connected with heritage preservation, especially in historic cities, is a true minefield, a fieldof conflict in which new actors have made their entrance, above all private proprietors and localgovernments.
The rapid privatisation, commercialisation and commoditisation of space are important aspects of the changewe are experiencing today. The close relationship between cultural lanscape and social and economic systemcan be seen particularly clearly today, in that transitional state where preservation is still managed using oldinstruments although the reality is entirely new.
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Of course, conservators may complain about this mounting conflict between function and form, ecpecially inhistoric cities, and about the dictates of commercialisation, motorisation, suburbanisation, standardisation,and above all the conflict between the individual and the public interest as regards heritage. It is often a newand surprising experience. The most important thing is, however, that irrespective of those objectiveprocesses a change is also taking place in our thinking about heritage. The notion of "our common heritage"is introduced, replacing the previous conception of heritage when it was first of all understood in categoriesof nation.
The paper deals with the strategy of preservation, management and exploatation of cultural heritage whileintroducing sustainable development strategy in the field of space and urban planning. In the broadest terms,a heritage protection system may be defined as the sum of all elements and conditions that determine the fateof heritage (from individual objects to the entire resource). Such a definition of a heritage protection systemhas no instrumental value, of course, as it is too wide, and so we need to apply criteria by which to organiseit. From the conservation standpoint a practical defining criterion would be possibility and ability ofconservators to infuence the shaping of the various elements of the heritage protection system. Using thiscriterion, three areas, ot levels, can be distinguished in any heritage protection system.
The regional identity is discussed by answering to the question what culture and heritage can suggest for itsfuture.
Key words: Cultural heritage, Protection, Menagement, Exploatation, Regional identity
OČUVANJE, UPRAVLJANJE I KORIŠĆENJE KULTURNOGNASLEĐA I REGIONALNI IDENTITET
Apstrakt: Jugoistočna Evropa se može opisati na mnogo načina, ali se pažnja može posebno usmeriti na dvekarakteristike zajedničke za ovaj region. Prva je ambivalentnost, a druga, često prenebregavana, je ozbiljankompleks stanovnika ovog regiona, neobična trauma koja izaziva potrebu da se u istoriji traži potpora, snagai identitet u prošlosti. Činjenica je da je u komunizmu potpuno bio zanemaren problem svojine. Savremeneteškoće oko vlasništva su jedan od gorućih problema srpskog kulturnog nasleđa i često su ključ za efikasnoočuvanje nasleđa. Srbija je zemlja u kojoj su vlasnički odnosi među najkomplikovanijim nasleđem prošlosti.Spomenici jugoistočne Evrope nisu održavani i nedostaje obaveza svih učesnika u pravoj i kontinualnojbrizi. Poslednja dekada XX veka donela je promene u pravilima upravljanja nasleđem. Danas spomenici nisuviše sacrum, već su i tržišna dobra kojima raste cena na tržištu, što je posebno uočljivo u centrima mnogihgradova. Veoma brzo je napušten statičan model očuvanja. Istovremeno je postalo očigledno da je sve u vezisa očuvanjem nasleđa, naročito istorijskih gradova, pravo minsko polje, polje puno sukoba u kojima sepojavljuju novi učesnici, pre svih privatni vlasnici i lokalna uprava.
Brza privatizacija, komercijalizacija prostora su važni aspekti promena koje se danas osećaju. Bliski odnoskulturnog predela i društvenog i ekonomskog sistema posebno je jasno uočljiv, u tranzicionom stanju ukojem se očuvanje još uvek sprovodi starim instrumentima iako je realnost potpuno drugačija, nova.
Konzervatori se, naravno, mogu žaliti radi rastućih sukoba između funkcije i forme, naročito u istorijskimgradovima, i oko diktata komercijalizacije, motorizacije, suburbanizacije, standardizacije, i iznad svegakonflikt između pojedinačnih i javnih interesa kada je u pitanju nasleđe. To je često novo i iznenađujućeiskustvo. Najvažnije je da se promene odvijaju u našem razmišljanju o nasleđu. Uveden je pojam "našezajedničko nasleđe", i to je zamenilo prethodni koncept nasleđa koji se prevashodno shvatao kao kategorijanacionalnog.
U radu se razmatra strategija očuvanja, upravljanja i korišćenja kulturnog nasleđa, prihvatajući strategijuodrživog razvoja u oblasti prostornog i urbanističkog planiranja. U najširem smislu, sistem zaštite nasleđamože se definisati kao zbir svih elemenata i uslova koji određuju sudbinu nasleđa (od pojedinačnih objekatado celovitih izvora). Ova definicija zaštite nasleđa nema sprovodbenu vrednost, zato što je previše široka, izato treba primeniti kriterijume kojima se to može organizovati. Sa stanovišta konzervacije praktičnidefinišući kriterijum može biti mogućnost i sposobnost konzervatora da utiču na oblikovanje različitihelemenata sistema zaštite nasleđa. Primenjujući ovaj kriterijum mogu se razdvojiti tri oblasti, odnosno trinivoa u svakom sistemu zaštite nasleđa.
O regionalnom identitetu se raspravlja kroz pokušaj da se odgovori na pitanje kakva kultura i nasleđe semogu predložiti za budućnost.
Ključne reči: kulturno nasleđe, očuvanje, upravljanje, korišćenje, regionalni identitet
__________________Nadja Kurtović-Folić, Fakultet tehničkih nauka Univerzitet u Novom Sadu
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Dragiša Dabić, Slobodan Mitrović i Saša Milijić
STRATEŠKO PLANIRANJE PROSTORNOG RAZVOJAODRŽIVOG TURIZMA I NJEGOVA OGRANIČENJA U SRBIJI
Apstrakt: Upravljanje prostornim razvojem turizma prema Strategiji prostornog razvoja Srbije, shodnorelevantnim principima i standardima u Evopi, zasnovano je na integralnom prostornom planiranju, umeđuzavisnosti prostornih, ekoloških, ekonomskih, socijalnih i kulturnih faktora održivog razvoja. Premastrateškom konceptu prostornog razvoja turizma, Srbija je podeljena na zone/klastere kao prostorno-funkcionalne celine objedinjene turističke ponude (sa primarnim turističkim prostorima u celovitimturističkim destinacijama, gradskim turističkim centrima, banjama i segmentima tranzitnih turističkihpravaca, kao i sa sekundarnim turističkim prostorima), koju formiraju udruženi nosioci na principima javno-privatnog partnerstva i decentralizovanog upravljanja turističkim razvojem. Instrumenti za upravljanjeprostornim razvojem turističkih područja i lokaliteta su prostorni i urbanistički planovi po Zakonu oplaniranju i izgradnji, zasnovani na programima razvoja lokalnog stanovništva, turizma i komplementarnihaktivosti, uz uvažavanje potreba i interesa ekonomskog, socijalnog i kulturnog razvoja zaštite životnesredine, prirodne i kulturne baštine i prekogranične saradnje.
No, ostvarivanje integralnog planiranja prostornog razvoja turizma u Srbiji ograničeno je brojnim faktorima,u prvom redu dominirajućim sektorskim tretmanom turizma kao privredne aktivnosti, uz zanemarivanjeprostornih, ekoloških, socijalnih i kulturnih aspekata. Prema Zakonu o turizmu, Zakonu o javnim skijalištimai Zakonu o eksproprijaciji, kao i prema Strategiji razvoja turizma Srbije i relevantnim uredbama, Vladaproglašava turističke prostore i prioritetne turističke destinacije na osnovu strategijskih master planova (saprogramskim, planskim i poslovnim odredbama) i studija opravdanosti, a ne na osnovu prostornih iurbanističkih planova, među kojima se posebno dezavuišu prostorni planovi, dok urbanistički planovidobijaju funkciju izvršnih dokumenata master planova. Na taj način ozakonjena je praksa započeta predonošenja Zakona o turizmu da se prostorni planovi turističkih područja prilagođavaju odredbama turističkihmaster planova.
Prevazilaženje ograničenja za ostvarivanje integralnog planiranja prostornog razvoja turizma Srbije vidi se upostupnoj decentralizaciji upravljanja turističkim sektorom, u punom uvažavanju prostornog i urbanističkogplaniranja kao razvojnog instrumenta, ali i u uspostavljanju stvarne saradnje svih relevantnih planerskihstruka u turizmu. Posebno treba ostvariti ravnopravno radno učešće domaćih i stranih stručnjaka i uključitiprofil kompleksnih ekonomskih planera u radne timove za prostorne i urbanističke planove, a planere izoblasti izgradnje i uređenja prostora, ekologije, socijalnog i kulturnog razvoja u integralna (a ne sektorska)dokumenta turističkih strategija, programa i master planova. Ova saradnja je jedan od najznačajnijihpreduslova integralnog planiranja i ostvarivanja strateškog koncepta prostornog razvoja turizma u Strategijiprostornog razvoja Srbije, ali i ukupnog razvoja održivog turizma u Republici.
Ključne reči: integralno planiranje, turizam, ograničenja, održivi razvoj, klasteri, turističke destinacije,prostorni planovi, master planovi.
STRATEGIC PLANING OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM SPATIALDEVELOPMENT AND ITS BOUNDRIES IN SERBIA
Abstract: Managing of spatial tourism development according Spatial development strategy of Serbia, inconformity with relevant principles and European standards, is based on integral spatial planning, ondependence between spatial, ecological, economical, social and cultural factors of sustainable development.According strategic concept of sustainable tourism development, Serbia is divided on zones /clusters asspatial-functional entities of unique tourist offer (with primal touristic areas in tourist destinations, citytourist centers, spas and segments of transit tourist directions, as well as secondary tourist areas), that formunited holders on principles private-public partnership and decentralized management of touristdevelopment. Instruments for managing of tourist area spatial development are spatial and urbanity plansaccording planning and building Low, based on programs of local inhabitants, tourism and complementaryactivities development, together with respect of economical, social and cultural development of environmentprotection needs and interest, natural and cultural heritage and transboundary cooperation.
But, realization of integral developing tourism spatial planning in Serbia is bordered by many factors, first ofall by domination of sectarian treatment of tourism as economical activities, together with neglecting ofspatial, ecological, social and cultural aspects. According Low of tourism, Low of public ski areas and Lowof expropriation, as well as according to Tourism Development Strategy of Serbia and to relevant
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regulations, Government pronouns touristic areas and primary touristic destinations on the basis of Masterplans (with program, plans and business regulations) and Feasibility study , and not on the bases of Spatialand Urbanity plans by which are specially limited Spatial plans, and Urbanity plans get the function ofexecution instrument of Master plans. In this way it is legalized practice that started before pronounce ofLow of tourism, that Spatial plans have to adjust to touristic Master plans.
Surpassing of limits for integral planning of spatial tourism in Serbia development realization is sewn inprogressive decentralization of tourist sector management, in fool respect of Spatial an Urban planning asdeveloping instrument, also in establishing of real corporation of all relevant Spatial branches in tourism.Specially it has to be realize equal participation of domestic and foreign experts and to include profile ofcomplex economical planers in working times for Spatial and Urban plans, and to include planers that areexperts for building and arrangement of areas, ecology, social an and cultural development in integral (notsector) documents of tourist strategies, programs and master plans. This corporation is one of most importantprerequisite for integral planning and realization of strategic concept of spatial tourism development inStrategy of spatial development of Serbia, also for total development of sustainable tourism in Republic.
Key words: integral planning, tourism, limits, sustainable development, clusters, touristic destinations,spatial plans, master plans.
__________________Dragiša Dabić, Slobodan Mitrović i Saša Milijić, Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije
Đorđe Milić, Nebojša Stefanović,
PRISTUP IZRADI I SPROVOĐENJU REGIONALNIH PROSTORNIHPLANOVA U AKTEULNOJ PRAKSI PLANIRANJA U SRBIJI
Apstrakt: Prostornim planom Republike Srbije, Zakonom o planiranju i izgradnji, nacrtom Zakona ouređenju prostora i izgradnji, utvrđena je izrada regionalnih prostornih planova za jedno ili višefunkcionalnih područja, odnosno teritorija upravnih okruga. Nacrtom Strategije prostornog razvojaRepublike Srbije, posebno se naglašava značaj planiranja na regionalnom nivou, odnosno definišu se principidecentralizacije, regionalizacije, policentrizma i integracija kao ključni principi budućeg prostornog razvojaRepublike Srbije. Regionalni prostorni planovi predstavljaju polaznu osnovu i primarnu razradu ovihprincipa. Regionalnim prostornim planovima se pored ostalog, utvrdjuju ciljevi i koncepcija regionalnogprostornog razvoja, principi i propozicije zaštite, uredjenja i razvoja od značaja za region i Republiku, mereza ravnomerni teritorijalni razvoj, mere i instrumenti za ostvarivanje plana i prioritetnih rešenja i dr.Regionalni prostorni planovi dobijaju sve više na značaju u skladu aktuelnim pristupima planiranja iusmeravanja razvoja u zemljama EU, ali i Srbije, imajuci u vidu predlog nove statističko – planske podele naregionalnom nivou (NUTS 2 i NUTS 3 nivo) u skladu sa Zakonom o regionalnom razvoju. U ovom raduprikazana su neposredna iskustva u regionalnom planiranju u Srbiji na pristupu izradi kako programskihosnova tako i referentnih regionalnih prostornih planovaza Kolubarski okrug, Južno pomoravlje i Timočkukrajinu. Uslovi koji su pratili pripremu programskih osnova i regionalnih planova zahtevali su unapredjenjemetodologije regionalnog planiranja sa efikasnim pristupom koji je definisao preliminarne potencijale iograničenja, način organizacije radnog tima, vremenske i prostorne odrednice izrade plana, sredstva zaoblikovanje ciljeva, razvoja i relativizaciju konfliktnih interesa. S obzirom da razmatrani regioni raspolažuznačajnim ali nedovoljno aktiviranim prirodnim potencijalom i teritorijalnim kapitalom, velika su očekivanjaRepublike i lokalne zajednice od primene ovih planova. Posebno su analizirana i argumentovana strateškaopredeljenja ravnomernijeg subregionalnog razvoja kao i prioriteti razvoja definisani u ovim regionalnimplanovima. Posebno se ističu vizija i principi prostornog razvoja koji su usmereni ka integraciji regiona saokruženjem, postizanju energetske efikasnosti i atraktivnosti za investiranje, održivom korišćenju prirodnih istvorenih resursa, obnovi i razvoju ljudskih resursa, razvoju privrede i institucija a koji po svomvremenskom horizontu prevazilaze etape sprovođenja utvrđene u svakom od analiziranih regionalnihprostornih planova pojedinačno..........Abstract: Designing of regional spatial plans is defined by: (i) the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, (ii)the Law on Planning and Construction, and (iii) the draft version of new Law on Planning, Building Landand Construction. Regional plans are designing for one or more functional areas, or territories ofadministrative districts. In the actual draft version of new Strategy of Spatial Development of Republic ofSerbia, particularly is emphasis significant of spatial planning on regional level. Principles ofdecentralization, regionalization, polycentrism and integration are defined as key principles of future spatial
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development in Serbia. Regional spatial plans are basic steps and primary elaboration of those principles.Regional spatial plans, among complex fields of researching, are particularly dealing with goals andconception of regional spatial development, principles and proposition of environmental protection anddevelopment important on regional and national level, instruments for balanced regional development,instruments for implementation etc. In pursuance with actual approaches in regional spatial planning, thesignificant of regional spatial plans is increasing in states members of EU, as well in Serbia, especiallytowards new statistical organization on so called NUTS2 and NUTS3 level.In this paper, authentic experiences in regional spatial planning in Serbia are presented through severalphases, from elaboration programmes to strategies and spatial plans, on examples for Kolubara district,South Serbia and East Serbia (Timocka Krajina). General conditions for designing those spatial plans, fromelaboration programmes to spatial plans, required innovation of methodology, and new effective approach.Those regions have a lot of natural potentials, which are not in use, and territorial capital is inactive, too.Authorities responsible for spatial planning at national level, as well as local authorities are expectingprogress by implementation of those regional plans and definied priorities of implementation. In this paperare presented and definied themes regarding energy efficency, business opportunities and investments,sustainable use of natural resources, social renewal and population development, economic development,development of institutions, too. New quality of those plans are defined long term visions and principles ofspatial development oriented to interregional cooperation and regional integration, and some of visions andprinciples reach out timeline of implementation, creating them actual for next generation of regional plans.
__________________mr Đorđe Milić, istraživač saradnik, Republička agencija za prostorno planiranje,mr Nebojša Stefanović, Republička agencija za prostorno planiranje,
Ana Perić
INTERESNA USAGLAŠENOST AKTERA U PROCESUURBANE REGENERACIJE BRAUNFILD LOKACIJA
Apstrakt: Predmet rada predstavlja urbana regeneracija braunfild lokacija, i to aspekt interesne usaglašenostiaktera prilikom iniciranja, ali i tokom realizacije procesa regeneracije. U užem smislu, predmet rada sezasniva na ispitivanju veze između organizacione strukture aktera i načina odlučivanja sa aspektasavladavanja konflikata i stvaranja koalicija.
Rad je strukturiran u dva dela. Prvi deo rada se odnosi na teorijski okvir istraživanja, koji je koncipiran nanačin da usmerava i sužava istraživanje i, istovremeno, pruži zadovoljavajuće odgovore na istraživačkapitanja postavljena u uvodnom delu. Pod pojmom interesa u ovom radu se podrazumeva, pre svega,ekonomski interes. Treba naglasiti da maksimizacija profita ovde nema negativnu konotaciju, odnosnoregeneracija braunfilda je win-win rešenje, tj. dobrobit jednih nije postignuta nauštrb drugih aktera u procesu.Stoga, osnovni teorijski okvir na kojem se zasniva istraživanje pripada domenu teorija planiranja, pri čemuse ovde razmatra institucionalni pristup u strateškom planiranju - teorijski segment koji se posebno odnosi nameđuodnose aktera, njihove interese i ekonomsku korelaciju u procesu dugoročnog planiranja. Kako unutarprocesa regeneracije braunfilda deluje veliki broj različitih aktera sa različitim interesima, institucionalnipristup se ograničava samo na područja konflikta između pojedinačnih aktera.
U drugom delu rada su detaljnije objašnjeni kriterijumi formulisani na osnovu teorijskog okvira. Podelaaktera je ustanovljena na osnovu ovih kriterijuma, u kombinaciji sa zaključcima nastalim metodom analizeprimarnih izvora, pre svega rezultata konferencija vezanih za temu regeneracije braunfilda. Centralnisegment ovog dela rada predstavlja komparativna analiza aktera u procesu regeneracije braunfilda napodručju Češke i Srbije. Parametri za odabir Češke, kao adekvatnog primera za komparativnu analizu saSrbijom, bili su sličan društveni sistem u toku prošlog veka, kao i relativno slična lokaciona distribucijabraunfilda. Metod komparativne analize u proučavanju interesne usaglašenosti aktera u procesu regeneracijebraunfilda na području Češke i Srbije je realizovan upoređivanjem sledećih parametara: uloge, interesa ipolja međusobne koordinacije aktera u procesu regeneracije braunfilda. Prikaz ključnih aktera kroz prizmukriterijuma utvrđenih na početku poglavlja predstavljen je u obliku smernica za dalja istraživanja.
Ključne reči: urbana regeneracija, braunfild lokacije, institucionalni model strateškog planiranja, interdisciplinarnasaradnja među akterima, participacija aktera, transparentnost donošenja odluka, Češka, Srbija
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INTEREST COMPLIANCE OF ACTORSIN THE PROCESS OF BROWNFILED REGENERATION
Abstract: The subject of this study is brownfield regeneration, particularly interest compliance of actorsduring initiating, but also during the realization of the brownfield regeneration process. In the narrow sense,the subject of study lies in the investigation of links between the organizational structure of actors and theway of decision-making from the point of view of overcoming the conflict and the creation of the coalition.
The paper is structured in two parts. The first part refers to the theoretical framework of research, which isdesigned in a way that narrows and directs the research and, simultaneously, provides satisfactory answers toresearch questions set out in the introductory section. The concept of interest in this paper is, primarily, aneconomic interest. It should be noted here that the maximization of profit does not have a negative meaningand brownfield regeneration is a win-win solution, ie. one’s benefit is not achieved prejudicial to benefit ofother actors in the process. Therefore, the theoretical framework, which is the base of the research, belongsto the field of planning theory, especially considering the institutional approach to strategic planning - thetheoretical part that is particularly related to the interrelation of actors, their interests and the economiccorrelation in the process of long-term planning. As the process of brownfiled regeneration operates a largenumber of different actors with different interests, institutional approach is limited to areas of conflictbetween the individual actors.
The second part of the study explains the criteria which are formulated on the basis of the theoreticalframework. The division of actors was established on the basis of these criteria, combined with theconclusions made by analysis of primary sources, primarily the results of conferences related to the theme ofbrownfield regeneration. The central segment of this part of the study focuses on a comparative analysis ofthe actors in the process of brownfield regeneration in the area of the Czech Republic and Serbia. Parametersfor the selection of the Czech Republic as an adequate example for comparative analysis with Serbia werebased on similar social system during the past century, as well as the relatively similar distribution ofbrownfields. Method of comparative analysis is realized by comparing the following parameters: the role,interests and fields of mutual coordination of actors in the process of brownfield regeneration. Display of keyactors through the lens of the criteria established at the beginning of a chapter is presented in the form ofguidelines for further research.
Key words: urban regeneration, brownfields, the institutional model of strategic planning, interdisciplinarycooperation among actors, the participation of actors, transparency of decision-making process, CzechRepublic, Serbia
Aleksandar Ristić, Dejan Stojanović
PROCESI URBANIZACIJE, INDUSTRIJALIZACIJE I DEAGRARIZACIJESA ASPEKTA KORIŠĆENJA POLJOPRIVREDNOG ZEMLJIŠTA
Apstrakt: Intenzivna industrijalizacija gradova u proteklih četrdeset godina doprinela je marginalizacijiruralnih područja koja se danas susreću sa problemom depopulacije, starenja i odliva stanovništva.Poljoprivreda, iako tradicionalna privredna grana i osnovni potencijal, u tom periodu nije dovoljnonapredovala. Depopulacijom su naročito ugrožena sela u zabačenim krajevima dok su sela u blizini većihmakroregionalnih centara pretrpela velike socijalne i demografske promene usled profesionalnepreorjentacije stanovništva (orjentisani su na rad u gradovima a poljoprivreda predstavlja samo dodatni izvorprihoda). Te periurbane zone su najčešće na poljoprivrednom zemljištu visokog boniteta koje je bilo jedan odpreduslova za naseljavanje predela. U cilju postizanja ravnomernog prostornog razvoja i angažovanjaraspoloživih potencijala nameće se potreba revitalizacije ruralnih područja ali prekomerno uvođenjeprivrednih sadržaja koji nisu oslonjeni na poljoprivrednu proizvodnju, planiranje novih saobraćajnica iobilaznica kao i formiranje privrednih i industrijskih zona na tim pravcima menja strukturu i karakterprostora. Od prevashodno poljoprivrednog, zemljište poprima mešovitu namenu i potencijalno gubi povoljnepoljoprivredne potencijale. Problem je naročito evidentan u kontaktnim područjima gde se prepliću urbani iruralni sadržaji usled širenja urbanog tkiva. Ukoliko se industrijalizacija ne usmerava na zemljište slabijegboniteta ta područja će trajno izgubiti poljoprivredni potencijal koji može predstavljti osnovu razvoja iostalih privrednih grana. Ovaj rad ukazuje na probleme i daje smernice za adekvatno formiranje privrednihzona saglasno principu održivog razvoja.
Ključne reči: urbanizacija, industrijalizacija, deagrarizacija, poljoprivredno zemljište, bonitet, održivi razvoj.
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THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION, INDUSTRIALIZATION AND DEAGRARISATION FROMTHE ASPECT OF USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND
Abstract: Intensive industrialization in the cities of the past forty years, contributed to the marginalization ofrural areas that are now faced with the problem of depopulation, aging and population outflow. Agriculture,although the traditional economic sector and the basic potential in this period has not progressed enough.Depopulation made villages in the outlying areas particularly vulnerable while villages in the vicinity of thelarger centers suffered great social and demographic changes as a result of change of professional orientationof the population (oriented to the work in the cities and agriculture is the only additional source of income).These periurbane zones usually represent the agricultural land of high quality, which was one of theprerequisites for settlement regions. In order to achieve balanced spatial development and engagement of theavailable resources, there is a need for revitalization of rural areas, but the overintroduction of thecommercial contents that are not dependent on the agricultural production, planning of new roads andbypasses as well as the establishment of commercial and industrial zone, make changes in the structure andcharacter of space. From primary agricultural, the land is getting mixed use, and potentially looses goodagricultural potential. The problem is especially evident in the contact areas where intertwin urban and ruralcontents due to the expansion of the urban tissue. If industrialization is not directed to the low quality land,those areas will permanently loose agricultural potential that can represent the base of development of othereconomic branches. This paper presents the problems and provides guidelines for the establishment of anadequate economic zone in accordance with the principle of sustainable development.
Key words: urbanization, industrialization, deagrarization, agricultural land, quality, sustainable development.
__________________Aleksandar Ristić, diplomirani inžinjer arhitekture – Zavod za urbanizam NišDejan Stojanović, prostorni planer – Zavod za urbanizam Niš
Vinko Žnidaršič
PLANIRANJE I UREĐENJE PROSTORA U FUNKCIJI ODBRANE IVANREDNIH SITACIJA-REGIONALNI ASPEKT I ZNAČAJ
Apstrakt: Planiranje i uređenje prostora od značaja za potrebu odbrane zemlje, te efikasno funkcionisanje uslučajevima vanrednih situacija zakonski je deo planskih dokumenata u Srbiji. Stiče se, međutim, utisak da se ovomaspektu plana ne posvećuje dužna „stručna“ pažnja, već se on tretira prilično formalno, a naročito mu nedostajeaktuelnost. Razlog ovome možda delom leži u skorašnjim traumatičnim iskustvima iz ratnih i kriznih dešavanja izkojih, paradoksalno, proizilazi stav „da rata više neće biti“, te delom i u “promenama“ državnog i društvenog sistema ucelini, a time i sistema odbrane. Postojeće stanje manifestuje niz negativnih posledica po prostor: razmeštaj funkcija irealizacija supra- i infrastrukture po pravilu se povodi interesima investitora, izgradnja objekata i infrastrukturnoopremanje su podstandardni, javne površine i zelenilo najčešće nisu u dovoljnoj meri zastupljene i dr. Pored klasičnih,novija ratna iskustva u svetu, pa i naša sopstvena, ukazuju na sofisticiranije vidove potencijalnih razaranja u vidu, npr.terorizma. Velika gradska naselja i infrastrukturni objekti posebne namene jesu najugroženiji elementi prostora, avanredne situacije, od prirodnih nepogoda do energetske krize, uvek imaju šire regionalne posledice. Autori u ovomradu, analizirajući novija strana i domaća iskustva, apostrofiraju dva aspekta planiranja i uređenja prostora od značajaza odbranu i vanredne situacije: gradske aglomeracije/urbane regione sa svojim fizičkim strukturama (krupniinfrastrukturni sistemi, blokovi, ulična mreža i dr.), te područja posebnih namena i komplementarnih funkcija (turističkapodručja, slivovi akumulacija, infrastrukturni sistemi i sl.).Ključne reči: odbrana i vanredne situacije, aglomeracije, područja posebne namene, regionalno i prostorno planiranje.
PLANNING AND MANAGING OF THE TERRITORY IN FUNCTION OF DEFENSE ANDEMERGENCY SITUATION-REGIONAL ASPECT AND IMPORTANCE
Abstract: Abstract: Planning and managing of the territory, which are important for country defense, as wellas efficient functioning in case of the emergency situation, is legislative part of planning documents inSerbia. Although, there is an impression that this aspect of plan is treated formally, without necessary“planner’s" attention, with needs of actuality. The first reason of that is recently traumatic war and crisesexperience, from which, paradox, comes an attitude "war no more". The second reason is "change" of stateand public system in total and defense system as a consequence of that. Cuurent conditions manifests a largenumber of negative consequences for territory: positioning of functions and realization of supra- andinfrastructure, as a rule, go along with investor’s interests; object building and infrastructure equipping areunder standard; public areas and greenery are not represented enough, etc. Beside classic, recent warexperiences in the world, as our own, point to more sophisticate ways of potential destruction (terrorism, for
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example). Large city settlements and infrastructure objects of special purpose are the most vulnerableelements of the space. The emergency situations, from natural disasters to energy crises, always have widerregional consequences. Led by recent foreign and domestic experiences, authors point two aspect of planningand managing of the territory in function of defense and emergency situations: city agglomerations/urbanregions with physical structures (large infrastructure systems, blocks, street network, etc.), as well as specialfunction regions and complementary functions (tourist areas, accumulation watersheds, infrastructuresystems, etc.).Key words: defense and emergency situations, agglomerations, special function rgions, regional and spatialplanning__________________mr Vinko Žnidaršič, major, asistent, Vojna akademija, Katedra za taktiku, Beograd
Božidar Stojanović
INTEGRISANO UPRAVLJANJE ŽIVOTNOM SREDINOM U RUDARSKIM BASENIMA
Apstrakt: Integrisano upravljanje zaštitom životne sredine je interdisciplinarni proces za identifikaciju,analizu i procenu uticaja ljudskih aktivnosti na kvalitet životne sredine i prirodne resurse, kao i planiranje,projektovanje i sprovođenje mera zaštite. U ovom radu ispituje se mogućnost integrisanja instrumenata istandarda zaštite životne sredine u svim fazama životnog veka rudarsko-energetskog kompleksa: planiranje,projektovanje, proizvodnja, dekomisija i rekultivacija. Za različite faze životnog veka primenjivi su različitiinstrumenti, na primer: strateška procena uticaja, procena uticaja projekata, procena ekološkog rizika, analizaživotnog ciklusa, standardi ekomenadžment sistema, kvaliteta vazduha, voda i zemljišta, itd. Predloženimodel upravljanja životnom sredinom obezbeđuje usklađenu kontrolu negativnih uticaja ekstrakcije i preradeuglja i rešava moguće konflikte između različitih faza životnog ciklusa, kao što je pokazano na primerurudarsko - energetskog kompleksa „Kolubara“.
Ključne reči: životna sredina, upravljanje, rudarstvo, životni vek, instrumenti
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN MINING BASINS
Abstract: Integrated Environmental Assessment is an interdisciplinary process of identification, analysis,and assessment of human activities on the environment and natural resources, as well as planning, design,and implementation protective measures. This study examines the possibility of integration of environmentalinstruments and standards in all phases of the life cycle of mining-power complex: planning, design,production, decommission, and recultivation. Different instruments are applicable in the different phases oflife cycle, for example: strategic environmental assessment, project impact assessment, environmental riskassessment, life cycle analysis, standards for environmental management systems, for air, water, and soilquality, etc. The recommended model of environmental management provides harmonical control ofnegative impacts of coal extraction and processing, and solves possible conflicts between different phases oflife cycle, as demonstrated in the case of the mining-power complex “Kolubara”.
Key words: environment, management, mining, life cycle, instruments
__________________dr Božidar Stojanović, dipl. ing.
Milica Bajic Brkovic, David Prosperi
EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS IN SPA RESORTS DESIGN:CASE STUDIES FROM SERBIA
Abstract: In modern urban design, sustainability is often taken as the reference or starting point. As a rule,the basic principles of sustainability are materialized and integrated into projects, while a series of specificsolutions appear as expressions of local culture or conditions. This paper explores the physical lay-out andurban design solutions of several health resorts (spas) in Serbia, and investigates to which extent their designsolutions comply with the principles of sustainability. Urban design and physical space are in focus, whileother areas are considered as long as they contribute to the design, or reflect a credo that urban design isamong those that play a central role in building cities’ reputation and character. The authors claim that thetraditional urban design which was employed in the cases they investigated sustains characteristics ofsustainability, while many materialized objects and spaces reflect some of its fundamental principles. As
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such, they provide a framework for further development of these places, and therefore should be maintainedand nourished.
__________________Professor Dr. Milica Bajić Brković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, Belgrade, SerbiaProfessor Dr. David Prosperi, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
Slobodan Mitrović, Dragiša Dabić
UPRAVLJAČKI MODELI RAZVOJA TURIZMA – INSTRUMENTI IMPLEMENTACIJEPROSTORNIH PLANOVA TURISTIČKIH REGIJA
Apstrakt:Uporedna analiza upravljačkih modela destinacijskog razvoja turizma na bazi rešenja sadržanih uStrategiji razvoja turizma Republike Srbije (Sl. gl. R.S. br. 91/2006), upravljačkih modela sadržanih u masterplanovima razvoja turizma „Gornjeg Podunavlja“, „Donjeg Podunavlja i „Stig-Kučajske planine-Beljanica“(NICEF, Beograd), upravljačkog modela sadržanog u Master planu razvoja turizma „Zlatibor-Zlatar“(Univerzitet Singidunum, Beograd) i rešenja sadržanih u Zakonu o turizmu (Sl.gl. R.S. br. 36/2009), Zakonao javnim skijalištima (Sl.gl. R.S. br. 46/2006), Zakona o planiranju i izgradnji (Sl.gl. R.S. br. 47/2003),odnosno Nacrta Zakona o uređenju prostora, građevinskom zemljištu i izgradnju (u proceduri usvajanja) saanalizom svetske prakse upravljanja razvojem turističkih destinacija koje preporučuju Canadian TourismCommission, World Tourism Organisation Business Council i KPMG.
Uporedna analiza relevantnih strateških planskih i zakonskih rešenja upravljačkih modela ukazaće nausaglašenost/neusaglašenost konkretnih mogućnosti na zakonu zasnovanog upravljačkog modela, dok ćeanaliza svetskih iskustava nastojati da ukaže na najbolje primere iz svetske prakse koji su najbližiusaglašenim zakonskim rešenjima, odnosno politikama u ovoj oblasti kao moguća praksa u Srbiji.
MANAGEMENT MODELS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM – INSTRUMENTS FORIMPLEMENTING SPATIAL PLANS OF TOURIST REGIONS
Abstract: Comparative analysis of management models of destination development in tourism based onsolutions from the Strategy of the Republic of Serbia development of tourism (“Official Gazette of the RS”number 91/2006), management models contained in master plans of development of tourism in “GornjePodunavlje”, “Donje Podunavlje” and “Stig-kucajske planine – Beljanica” (NICEF, Belgrade), managementmodel contained in Master plan of development of tourism “Zlatibor – Zlatar” (Singidunum University,Beograd), and solutions contained in Law on Tourism (Official Gazette of RS number 36/2009), Law onpublic ski resorts (Official Gazette of RS number 46/2006), Law on planning and construction (OfficialGazette of RS number 47/2003) and/or Draft Law on the spatial planning, building construction land andconstruction (in procedure of adopting) with analysis practice worldwide in developing tourist destinationsrecommended by Canadian Tourism Commission, World Tourism Organization Business Council andKPMG.
Comparative analysis of relevant strategic planning and legal solutions of management models will point outharmonization/non-harmonization of specific possibilities based on legal management model whilst theanalysis of experience worldwide will try to point out the best examples from the practices around the worldwhich are closest to harmonized legal solutions, and/or policies within this area as possible practice inSerbia.
__________________Slobodan Mitrović, d.i.a., ovlašćeni prostorni planer, stalni stručni savetnik IAUS-a, Beograd (chartered spatial planner, permanentexpert advisor IAUS, Belgrade)mr Dragiša Dabić, d.i.a., ovlašćeni prostorni planer, stalni stručni savetnik IAUS-a, Beograd (chartered spatial planer, permanentexpert advisor IAUS, Belgrade)
Jelena Živanović Miljković
PRISTUPI REGIONALNOM RURALNOM RAZVOJU U SRBIJI
Apstrakt: Dok se u većini zemalja Jugoistočne Evrope pod ruralnim razvojem podrazumeva razvojpoljoprivrede i njoj sličnih delatnosti, u zemljama EU se insistira na regionalnom ruralnom razvoju kaopolitičko-institucionalnom, socio-kulturološkom, ekonomskom i ekološkom procesu, što ga čini integralnim,multisektorskim pristupom. Polazeći od činjenice da Srbiju karakterišu velike razlike u regionalnoj
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razvijenosti, rad se bavi analizom ključnih problema ruralnih područja u Srbiji i razmatraju se nekemogućnosti integrisanja ruralnog razvoja u planske okvire ravnomernijeg regionalnog razvoja. Procesiintenzivne urbanizacije i industrijalizacije dešavali su se na štetu ruralnih područja, zbog intenzivnemigracije stanovništva iz sela u gradove, gubitka velikih površina poljoprivrednog zemljišta i zbog opštegzaostajanja u društveno-ekonomskom i kulturnom razvoju. Starenje i odliv stanovništva, kao i problemifragmentacije poseda u male, neekonomične celine-neka su od glavnih obeležja ograničenja ruralnog razvojau Srbiji, posebno planinskih područja. Budući da su ruralna područja jedan od potencijala, ali i ograničenjarazvoja regiona u Srbiji, istaknut je značaj održivog i multisektorskog pristupa njihovom razvoju.
Ključne reči: ruralna područja, regionalni razvoj, prostorni razvoj, Srbija
THE APPROACHES TO REGIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SERBIA
Abstract: While most of Southeast European countries treat rural development as development ofagriculture and similar activities, EU countries insist on regional rural development as a political, social-cultural, economic and environmental process, which make it as integral, multisectoral approach. Starting atthe fact that Serbia is characterized by big regional development differences, paper analyses the keyproblems of rural areas and possibilities of harmonization of rural development in the planning framework ofregional development. Processes of intensive urbanisation and industrialisation happed on the harm to ruralareas, because of intensive migrations from villages to cities, loss of large areas of agricultural land andbecause of common lagging to social-economic and cultural development. Population aging and outflow, soas problems of land fragmentation into the small, non-economic unities, are some of the main characters ofrural development limitations in Serbia, еspecially in mountainous areas. Since the rural areas are one of thepotential and limitation of development of regions in Serbia, importance of sustainable and multisetoralapproach to its development was stressed.
Key words: rural areas, regional development, spatial development, Serbia
__________________Jelena Živanović Miljković, d.p.p., istraživač-stipendista, Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije
Jasna Guzijan, Siniša Cvijić
KULTURNO – ISTORIJSKE NASLEĐE KAO POTENCIJAL RAZVOJA TURIZMA NAPRIMERU GRADOVA TREBINJA I JAJCA
Apstrakt: Turizam danas u svetu postaje jedna od najznačajnijih grana privrede a njena atraktivnost setemelji na prirodnim i kulturno – istorijskim vrednostima gradova. Posebnu pažnju u tipologiji turističkihmesta čine gradovi koji imaju vekovima akumulirano kulturno i graditeljsko nasleđe.
Prostorno – kulturno istorijske celine su kompleksne i slojevite, sa raznovrsnim prirodnim i građenimstrukturama iz različitih epoha. One su najveći spomenici kulture i predstavljaju svedočanstvo prošlosti,fizičkog i duhovnog razvoja jedne zajednice. Graditeljsko nasleđe predstavlja metod za unapređenje iisticanje identiteta grada, i ima za cilj njegovo promovisanje na globalnoj sceni. Veliko zanimanje turista zaatraktivnost nepokretne kulturne baštine, govori da je ona realan turistički potencijal.
Jajce je jedan od retkih gradova u Bosni i Hercegovini na čijoj se fizičkoj strukturi mogu prepoznati tragovirazličitih istorijskih perioda kroz koje je grad prolazio u toku svog razvoja.
Kontinuitet naselja postoji još iz antičkog perioda, od kada imamo prve materijalne ostatke na urbanojmatrici istorijskog jezgra grada, i nastavlja se preko srednjovjekovnog perioda, doba osmanlijske iaustrougarske vladavine sve do savremenog doba. U ovim periodima, najznačajnije je doba bosanskesrednjovjekovne države, kada Jajce dobija na političkom značaju i jedno vrijeme čak postaje prijestonicaBosanskog kraljevstva.
Arhitektonski objekti su elementi koji čine urbanu formu istorijskog jezgra grada Jajca. Među njima,jajačka kuća predstavlja osnovni tipski element, čijom multiplikacijom dolazi do stvaranja većih urbanihcijelina.
Trebinje je stari grad na razmeđu različitih uticaja i interesa , ima dugu i bogatu istoriju koja je menjala nesamo izgled i sadržaj njegovog urbanog jezgra, već i njegov značaj i funkcionalni domet u širem prostoru. Sobzirom na njegovu urbanu strukturu, specifičnosti, vrednosti i mogućnosti čine da ovaj grad ima svakakomnoge osobine koje ga razlikuju od drugih gradova u Hercegovini. Očuvana istorijsko - urbana celina Starigrad, nastala još u srednjem veku, značajno se razvija u vreme turske vladavine i predstavlja turistički
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potencijal i potrebno je osigurati aktivnu ulogu u savremenom životu Trebinja. U tom pogledu, treba istaći iduhovne i kulturne naslage koje karakteriše dubina i širina, odnosno različitost kulturnih uticaja. On je dobarprimer grada sa očuvanim urbanim identitetom koji je nestao ili nije ni postojao u mnogim drugimgradovima na našem tlu.
Trebinje kao grad sa bogatim postojećim kulturno – istorijskim nasleđem i prirodnim vrednostima u okolinipredstavlja ''ulaz'' u mediteran, jadransko područje i sam Dubrovnik.
Ključne reči: kulturno – istorijsko nasleđe, turistički potencijal, Trebinje, Jajce
THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF TOWNS TREBINJE AND JAJCE – ARESOURCE FOR THE GROWTH OF TOURISM
Abstract: Today, tourism is becoming one of the world’s most important industries; its appeal comes fromthe natural, cultural and historical values of towns and cities. Among different kinds of tourist places,particularly attractive are towns and cities possessing cultural and building heritage accumulated overcenturies. Culturally and historically prominent spatial complexes are diverse and manifold, with variousnatural and man-made structures dating from different epochs. They are the greatest cultural monuments anda testimony of the past, of the physical and spiritual development of a community. Building heritagerepresents a method to enhance and accentuate the identity of a town, in order to promote it globally. Hugetourist interest in the attractiveness of immobile cultural heritage assets tells us it is a true resource oftourism.
Jajce is one of the rare towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina whose physical structure allows the identificationof traces of different periods of history which the town went through as it developed. The settlement hasexisted continuously since the Antiquity, leaving the first material remains which make the urban matrix ofthe town’s historical core, and continued to exist through the Middle Ages, under Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian rule, to modern times. The most important of these periods is the time of the Bosnian mediaevalstate, when Jajce grew more important politically, even serving as the capital of the Bosnian Kingdom for awhile. Architectural buildings are elements constituting the urban form of Jajce’s historical town core.Among them, the Jajce house is the principal distinctive element, whose multiplication leads to the creationof larger urban complexes.
Trebinje is an old town located at the intersection of various influences and interests, with a long, rich historywhich has altered not only the appearance and contents of its urban core, but also its significance and itsfunctional impact on the broader surroundings. Given its urban structure, its unique properties, values andpotential, this town certainly possesses many qualities which set it apart from other towns in Herzegovina.The Old Town, a surviving historical complex, originated in the Middle Ages and developed considerablyunder Turkish rule; it is a tourist resource which should be given an active role in Trebinje’s contemporarylife. In that sense, its spiritual and cultural strata should be emphasised, as they are characterised by bothdepth and width, i.e. a multitude of cultural influences. It is a good example of a town whose urban identityhas been preserved, as opposed to many other towns in the region where this identity has disappeared or hasnever existed.
Being a town whose cultural and historical heritage and natural resources are so rich, Trebinje is a ‘gateway’to the Mediterranean, the area of the Adriatic and the city of Dubrovnik.
Key words: cultural and historical heritage, tourist potential, Trebinje, Jajce
__________________Jasna Guzijan, d.i.a. i Siniša Cvijić, d.i.a., Urbanistički Zavod Republike Srpske,a.d. Banjaluka (Jasna Guzijan, B.Arch. and SinišaCvijić, B.Arch. Institute for Urbanism of the Republic of Srpska PLC, Banja Luka)
Ana Momčilović, Ivana Cvetković
AFIRMACIJA JABLANIČKOG REGIONA KROZ TURISTIČKU PONUDU.
Jablanički region je drugi region po nerazvijenosti u Srbiji, a Lebane kao njegova pripadajuće opština nosititulu najsiromašnije opštine u zemlji, sa svega oko 10% ukupno zaposlenih.
Najbrži način pokretanja regiona sa „mrtve tačke“, je njegova popularizacija, kroz atraktivnu turističkuponudu, koja bi obuhvatala kulturno-istorijska i prirodna dobra ovog regiona.
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Na veoma malom međusobnom rastojanju, nalaze se Kuršumlijska banja, Prolom banja, Đavolja varoš,Sijarinska banja, kao i arheološki lokalitet Caričin Grad (Ivstiniana Prima) – mesto na kome stoje ostacijednog od najvećih i najznačajnijih vizantijskih gradova u unutrašnjosti Balkanskog poluostrva.
Turizam bi se javio kao pokretač privrednog razvoja i kvaliteta života lokalnog stanovništva.
Ovakav pristup u razvoju, objedinio bi u jednu usklađenu celinu istraživanje i zaštitu kulturnog nasleđa,zaštitu prirodnih lepota regiona, ali i bolji život ljudi, otvaranjem novih radnih mesta. Pomogao bi razvojuturizma u celoj zemlji, čineći sa ostatkom turističke ponude Srbije jednu zaokruženu celinu.
JABLANICA DISTRICT AFFIRMATION THROUGH TOURIST OFFER
The Jablanica District is second most underdeveloped district in Serbia. Lebane, one of its municipalities, isthe poorest municipality in the country with employment rate reaching only 10 percent.
The most effective way to put an end to this economic standstill would be popularization of the districtthrough attractive tourist offer, which would include its cultural, historical and natural heritage.
Within a small area lie Kursumlia Spa, Prolom Spa, Djavolja Varos, Sijarinska Spa, as well as Caricin Grad(Ivstiniana Prima) – an archaeological site presenting the remains of one of the greatest and most significantByzantine towns built on the Balkan Peninsula.
Turism would generate economic development as well as higher quality of life for the locals.
Such approach to development would make a harmonized unity out of research and protection of culturalheritage, protection of natural beauties of the district, as well as of improved life conditions achieved throughcreating new job opportunities. It would enhance tourism development of the entire country byinterconnecting with touristic offer of Serbia.
__________________Ana Momčilović, d.i.а., Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture Niš
Ivana Cvetković, architect., The Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments Niš
Gordana Marković
ZONE ZAŠTITE KAO FAKTOR ODRŽIVOSTI NEPOKRETNIHKULTURNIH DOBARA NA KOSOVU I METOHIJI
Apstrakt: Zone zaštite oko nepokretnih kulturnih dobara u Srbiji su određivane u duhu Zakona o kulturnimdobrima a u povodu utvrđivanja statusa spomenika kulture. Prilikom revizija utvrđenog statusa, obuhvatzona zaštite je često korigovan što potvrđuje da su područja zaštićenog prirodnog i kulturnog nasleđa živiorganizmi koji potrebuju promenu granica u svetlu savremenog urbanog i regionalnog razvoja.
Zone zaštite oko spomenika kulture imaju poseban značaj u kontekstu specifičnih uslova opstanka srpskogkulturnog i duhovnog nasleđa na Kosovu i Metohiji. Kulturno dobro je neodvojivo od prostora u kome senalazi i njegov pun život zavisi od punoće njegove funkcije koja je i imperativ održivog razvoja.Istovremeno, integrativna zaštita podrazumeva temeljit i multidisciplinarni pristup u procesu proučavanja idonošenja odluka. Određivanje zona zaštite uslovljeno je i neprikosnovenim stavom vlasnika i korisnika – uovom slučaju Srpske Pravoslavne Crkve ali i već utvrđenim statusom kulturnog dobra od strane srpskeSlužbe zaštite. Neophodno je postići i elementarne uslove bezbedonosti u regionu sa visokim rizikomkonflikta. Značajno je i stručno učešće međunarodnih institucija po pitanju definisanja kriterijuma zauspostavljanje zona a prisutne su i tendencije lokalne zajednice na Kosovu i Metohiji. Praksa je potvrdilateškoće u usaglašavanju svih stavova u uspostavljanju zona i posebno u definisanju mehanizama upravljanjazonama. U tom smislu, neophodna je integracija pravne regulative i kulturne politike, uspostavljanje najširesaradnje na svim nivoima i primena strateškog menadžmenta upravljanja zonama kao ključnim resursima.
Određivanje zona zaštite oko srpskih kulturnih dobara na Kosovu i Metohiji (oko 40 lokacija) obrazlagao jeDržavni pregovarački tim za Kosovo i Metohiju na pregovorima vođenim u Beču (2006/2007). Timpovodom iskazan je i stav međunarodnih stručnih asocijacija o zonama zaštite srpskih kulturnih dobara koje,kao namenski definisane celine, treba da utiču na prostorni razvoj regiona. Analiza zona zaštite na Kosovu iMetohiji značajna je i u kontekstu utvrđivanja zona i oko drugih nepokretnih dobara u Srbiji, posebno onihkoja su deo razvijenih urbanih struktura. Upravljanje zonama zaštite opravdava i njihovo postojanje. Oduspešnosti tog upravljanja zavisi i održivost kulturnog dobra i kulturnog pejsaža koji određuju karakterčitavih prostornih poteza.
Ključne reči: Kosovo i Metohija, kulturno dobro, kulturni pejsaž, zone zaštite, integrativna zaštita, održivirazvoj, regionalna nedeljivost.
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PROTECTION ZONES AS A FACTOR OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OFIMMOBILE CULTURAL PROPERTIES IN KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
Abstract: The protections zones around immobile cultural properties in Serbia have been determined incompliance with the Law on Cultural Properties and for the purpose of establishing a status of a culturalmonument. When reviewing the established status, the coverage of a protection zone was frequentlycorrected, which confirms that the areas of protected natural and cultural heritage are living organisms thatneed a change of borders in light of a contemporary urban and regional development.
The protection zones around cultural monuments have a particular significance in the context of specificconditions for the survival of the Serbian cultural and spiritual heritage in Kosovo and Metohija. A culturalproperty is inseparable from the space in which it is located and its full life depends on the fullness of itsfunction, which is also an imperative of a sustainable development. At the same time, integrative protectionentails a thorough and multi-disciplinary approach in the process of studying and decision-making. Theestablishment of protection zones is also conditioned by the inviolable attitude of the owner and user – in thiscase the Serbian Orthodox Church, but also by the already established status of a cultural property by theSerbian Protection Service. It is also necessary to achieve the basic security conditions in the region with ahigh conflict risk. In addition, there is a significant expert participation of international institutions withregards to the defining of the criteria for the establishment of the zones, and there are also tendencies of thelocal community in Kosovo and Metohija. The practice has confirmed difficulties in harmonizing allpositions related to the establishment of zones and particularly in defining the mechanisms for themanagement of the zones. In those terms, it is necessary to have an integration of legal regulations andcultural policy, establishment of the widest possible cooperation at all levels and the application of strategicmanagement for the administering of the zones as key resources.
The setting of protection zones around Serbian cultural properties in Kosovo and Metohija (around 40 sites)has been substantiated by the State Negotiating Team for Kosovo and Metohija during the negotiations thattook place in Vienna (2006/2007). On that occasion, it was also presented the position of international expertassociations on the protection zones for the Serbian cultural properties that should, as entities defined byspecial purpose, influence the spatial development of the region. The analysis of the protection zones inKosovo and Metohija is also important in the context of establishing zones around other immobile propertiesin Serbia, particularly those that are a part of developed urban structures. The management of protectionzones also justifies their existence. It is the success of that management on which depends the sustainabilityof cultural property and cultural landscape that mark the character of entire spatial areas.
Key words: Kosovo and Metohija, cultural property, cultural landscape, protection zones, integrativeprotection, sustainable development, regional inseparability.
__________________mr Gordana Marković, upravnik Kancelarije za baštinu Eparhije raško-prizrenske i kosovsko-metohijske(Gordana Markovic, M.Sc., Head of Office for the Heritage of the Diocese of Ras and Prizren)
Bogdan Lukić
INFRASTRUKTURA KAO FAKTOR UPRAVLJANJA
PROSTORNIM RAZVOJEM SRBIJE
Apstrakt: Opšte je poznato da razvijeni infrastrukturni sistemi umnožavaju pogodnosti razvoja i smanjujuposledice stagnacije i regresije. Neizgrađena infrastruktura ostavlja manje ili veće prostore u rudamentarnomstadijumu. Još veći problem predstavlja nekompletna i nedovršena infrastruktura u prostorima sa evidentnimrazvojnim potencijalima. Tri prostorne pozicije razvoja (prirodno-socijalno, razvijeno-nerazvijeno,zaštićeno/očuvano-uništeno/degradirano) i tri stanja/ponude infrastrukture (kompletna/nasleđena,nekompletna/potrebna, neizgrađena/(ne)potrebna) otvara niz mogućnosti upravljanja prostornim razvojem,tačnije približavanje infrastrukture perspektivnim razvojnim prostorima. U radu se daje viđenje pomenutihodnosa i rang prostora Republike Srbije (tabele i karte) koje treba prioritetno (i kako) razvijati.
Ključne reči: Srbija, Infrastruktura, Potencijali, Upravljanje razvojem, Vitalan prostor, Prioriteti.
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A FACTOR OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT IN SERBIA
Abstract: It’s a generally known fact that developed infrastructure systems increase privileges ofdevelopment and decrease consequences of stagnation and regression. Smaller or larger spaces withoutinfrastructure systems are still in rudimentary stadium. The bigger problem is incomplete and partially
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finished infrastructure in spaces with evident development potentials. Series of possibilities for spatialdevelopment management are opened with three spatial positions of development and three conditions/offersof infrastructure. This paper will give overview of previously mentioned relationships and rank of spacewhich is necessary to develop.
Key words: Serbia, infrastructure, potentials, development management, vital space, priorities.
__________________dr Bogdan Lukić, docent; Institut za prostorno planiranje Geografskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu
Biserka Mitrović, Miodrag Ralević, Tanja Klišmanić
LOKALNO PLANIRANJE U PROCEPU IZMEĐU PRINCIPA ODRŽIVOSTI, TRŽIŠNIHZAHTEVA I STRATEŠKOG PLANIRANJA - MOGUĆI PRISTUPI LOKALNOM PLANIRANJU
KOPAONIKA
Apstrakt: Održivo planiranje i tržišni zahtevi u aktuelnoj urbanističkoj praksi u Srbiji po pravilu suposmatrani kao suprotstavljeni koncepti koji se najvećim delom međusobno isključuju. Česta je situacija upraksi izrade urbanističkih planova da održiva rešenja uglavnom nisu interesantno tržištu i investitorima, arešenja interesantna investitorima u velikom broju slučajeva se ne mogu smatrati održivim. Pri tome pododrživošću investitori i lokalne uprave uglavnom podrazumevaju samo ekološku održivost, dok se zahtevitržišta praktično izjednačavaju sa profitabilnošću i ekonomskom isplativošću.
Razmatrane su mogućnosti koegzistencije i potencijalna komaptibilnost ova dva koncepta na primeru delapodručja Nacionalnog parka Kopaonik. Činjenica da se lokalitet nalazi unutar područja Nacionalnog parkaveć govori jasno da je reč o izuzetno osetljivom i dragocenom području sa stanovišta održivog razvoja iočuvanja resursa. Istovremeno, to je područje izuzetnih potencijala za turizam, sport i rekreaciju, te stogajednako interesantno tržištu i investicijama.
Rad prikazuje istraživački tok i praktičnu primenu izabranih principa koji objedinjujući i dajući jednakznačaj kako ekološkoj, tako i institucionalnoj, socijalnoj i ekonomskoj održivosti, stvaraju uslove zarealističan razvoj lokalne zajednice i prostornih celina posebnih prirodnih vrednosti na osnovamadomaćinskog očuvanja resursa i oživljavanja lokalne ekonomije.
Ključne reči: održivost, planiranje, tržište, investicije.
LOCAL PLANNING IN THE RIFT BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY,MARKET REQUIREMENTS AND STRATEGIC PLANNING - THE POSSIBLE APPROACHES
TO LOCAL PLANNING OF KOPAONIK AREA
Abstract: Sustainable planning and market requirements in the current planning practice in Serbia, as a rule,are observed as opposing concepts that are largely mutually exclusive. Furthermore, frequent situation in thecurrent planning practice is that sustainable solutions are not generally interesting to the market andinvestors, while the solutions interesting to investors in many cases can not be considered sustainable. In thatcontext, investors and local government generally include only environmental sustainability, whilst themarket demands are practically viewed only as profitability and economic gain.
This paper deals with the possibilities of coexistence and potential compatibility these two concepts on theexample of part of the National Park Kopaonik area. The fact that the site is located within the area ofNational Park emphasizes it is a very sensitive and valuable area from the standpoint of sustainabledevelopment and preservation of resources. At the same time, it is the area of outstanding potential fortourism, sport and recreation, and therefore it is equally interesting to the market and investments.
The paper presents the course of research and practical application of selected principles which, unifying andgiving equal importance to ecological, institutional, social and economic sustainability, create realisticconditions for the development of local communities and the spatial units of special natural values on thebasis of good managing and preserving resources and the revival of local economy.
Key words: sustainability, planning, market, investments.
__________________mr Biserka Mitrović, dr Miodrag Ralević, Tanja Klišmanić, dipl.inž.arh.Arhitektonski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu
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Nevena Debljović-Ristić, Anica Tufegdžić
PREPOZNAVANJE I IDENTIFIKACIJA KULTURNOG PEJZAŽA KAO PRISTUPUNAPREĐENJU ODRŽIVOG PROSTORNOG RAZVOJA
Apstrakt: Rastući značaj održivog prostornog razvoja ukazuje na potrebu/neophodnost preispitivanjadimenzija održivosti i u oblastima koje se tiču očuvanja i zaštite prirodnog i kulturnog nasleđa. Struktureprirodnog okruženja i istorijskog nasleđa, definisane kroz geografsko-kulturne regione, svojim autentičnim ireprezentativnim karakterom podržavaju specifičan duhovni odnos prema prirodi i delima ljudskeinventivnosti. Takva područja sve češće bivaju prepoznata kao kultirni pejzaži.
Konvencijom o zaštiti Svetske kulturne i prirodne baštine iz 1972. godine (član 1, stav 2 i 3), kroz jasnodefinisanisane kriterijume, ustanovljen je međunarodni pravni instrument za priznavanje, zaštitu i upis naListu nasleđa ’’izuzetne univerzalne vrednosti’’. Koncept kulturnog pejzaža je 1992. godine prihvaćen odstrane Komiteta za Svetsku baštinu kao posebna, proširena kategorija nasleđa, koja se shvata kao važanresurs u planiranju i unapređenje kulturnih, društvenih, ekonomskih aktivnosti određene teritorije.Uključivanjem kulturnog pejzaža na UNESCO Listu učinjen je pomak na međunarodnom priznavanju ovogtipa nasleđa. U tom smislu ustanovljen je i niz strateških okvira i instrumenata unutar Evropske unije. Moždanajrelevantniji za prepoznavanje kulturnog pejzaža predstavlja Perspektiva prostornog razvoja Evropskeunije (European Spatial Development Perspective, 1999) i Konvencija o predelu (European LandscapeConvention, 2000), čiji je potpisnik i Republika Srbija od 2007. godine. U jedan od tri fundamentalna ciljapolitike prostornog razvoja Evropske unije uvedena je konzervacija i promišljeno upravljanje prirodnimresursima i kultunim nasleđem (koja podrazumeva valorizaciju i očuvanje ali i prevenciju od rizikadegradacije).
Rad je koncipiran da u prvom redu ukaže na složenost i značaj identifikacije kulturnog pejzaža nameđunarodnom, ali i nacionalnom planu, kao i na važnost prepoznavanja nasleđa u različitimkonfiguracijama pejzaža, sa ciljem kreiranja odgovarajućih politika i instrumenata za afirmaciju kulturnogpejzaža, obnovu degradiranog prostora i uspostavljanje novih odnosa konzervacije i održivog prostornograzvoja teritorije/regiona. Imajući u vidu raznovrsnost prirodnog i kulturnog nasleđa u Srbiji, ali iposedovanje nasleđa koje je upisano na UNESCO Listu svetske baštine, otvaraju se mogućnosti zadalekosežnija istraživanja i identifikaciju pejzaža, kao koncepta sadejstva prirodnog i kulturnog nasleđa, kojebi unapredile prostorni razvoj i uvele nove propozicije pri korišćenju, organizaciji i izgradnji prostoraposmatranog u širem kontekstu prostornog planiranja. Suštinsko uključivanje kulturnog pejzaža u sistem ipraksu održivog prostornog razvoja omogućilo bi i poboljšanje brige i upravljanja svim vrstama nasleđa, pa ionim nematerijalnim, ali i činilo osnov dugoročnog opstanka i integrativnog razvoja regiona izvan zaštićenihpodručja.
Ključne reči: kulturni pejzaž, održivi razvoj, konzervacija, svetska baština
RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AS METHOD OFADVANCEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT
Abstract: Growing importance of sustainable spatial development manifests a necessity of reanalyzingdimensions of sustainability in fields of protection and preservation natural and cultural heritage. Structuresof natural environment and historical heritage, defined in geographical and cultural regions, support specificspiritual relation toward nature and inventive human works by authentic and representative character. Thosekinds of territory more often have been recognized as cultural landscapes.
By Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972, art. 1, par. 2 and 3)has been established international legal instrument for acceptation, preservation and inscription of’’exceptional universal value’’ heritage on the World Heritage List. In 1992 concept of cultural landscapewas accepted by The World Heritage Committee as special, expanded heritage category, comprehended asimportant resource in planning and advancement of cultural, social and economical activities of certainterritory. Including cultural landscape on the UNESCO List made progress in international acknowledgmentof new heritage type. According that, inside European Union has been established a series of strategic scopesand instruments. Perhaps the most relevant documents, for recognizing cultural landscape, are EuropeanSpatial Development Perspective (1999) and European Landscape Convention (2000), signed by RepublicSerbia in 2007. One of three fundamental aims of European Union spatial development policy includesnatural resources and cultural heritage conservation and skillful management.
Paper should primarily point to complexity and importance of cultural landscape identification oninternational and national level, as well as to importance of recognizing heritage in different landscape
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configurations, looking for creating particular policy and instruments for cultural landscape affirmation,degraded space regeneration and making new links between conservation and sustainable spatialdevelopment. Keeping in mind diversity of natural and cultural heritage in Serbia, as well as property ofheritage inscribed on the World Heritage List, possibilities for far-reaching research and landscapeidentification are opened. Cultural landscape concept, linking natural and cultural heritage, could advancespatial development and introduce new propositions in utilization, organization and construction of space inthe broader context. Essential participation of cultural landscape in sustainable spatial development systemand practice should provide better heritage preservation and management, even of those non-material, aswell as basis of long-term existence and integrative regional development out of protected areas.Key words: cultural landscape, sustainable development, conservation, World Heritage__________________Nevena Debljović-Ristić, arhitekt konzervator - viši stručni saradnik, Republički zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture, Beograd
(Architect Conservator – Senior Scientific Fellow, Republic Cultural Heritage Preservation Institute, Belgrade)Anica Tufegdžić, saradnik u nastavi, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Novi Sad (Teaching Fellow, Faculty of Technical Sciences, N. Sad)
Aleksandra Stanojlović, Tanja Armenski, Nevena Čurčić
TRANSFORMACIJA I REVITALIZACIJA INDUSTRIJSKIH GRADOVA KROZ TURIZAM –SLUČAJ BILBAO (ŠPANIJA)
Apstrakt: Transformacija i revitalizacija urbanih industrijskih područja postala je neophodan aspektodrživog razvoja. Ova područja ekološki najugroženija, ali sadrže adekvatnu infrastrukturu koja jeneophodna za normalan život stanovništva i potencijalni razvoj turizma – pre svega kulturnog turizma. Zapoboljšanje razvoja grada i kvaliteta života u ovakvim gradovima, neophodno je preduzeti programeadekvatne transformacije i sprovesti njihovu revitalizaciju putem preusmeravanja sa industrije na uslužnisektor i razvoj u turističku destinaciju urbanog tipa baziranu na kulturnim atrakcijama.
Adekvatan primer uspešne transformacije i revitalizacije je Bilbao, glavni grad pokrajine Baskije u Španiji.Bilbao je kao metropolski i industrijski grad doživeo znatne transformacije u poslednjih dvadeset godina.Nakon krize osamdesetih, kada je grad veoma degradiran, ispalnirano je i sprovedeno nekoliko akcijskihprograma revitalizavije gradske oblasti. Plan revitalizacije uključivao je veći broj akcija koje su sprovedeneradi adekvatnog održivog razvoja grada. To je uključilo konstrukciju niza emblemskih građevina, izgradnjuGugenhajmovog muzeja i čitav niz akcija na preuređivanju trgova, parkova i šetališta u gradu i njegovojokolini, ali je uključivao i inventivno kreiranje i realizovanje brojnih kulturnih događaja.
Ključne reči: revitalizacija, transformacija, urbanizam, turizam, kultura
TRANSFORMATION AND REVITALIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL TOWNSTROUGH TOURISM – CASE OF BILBAO (SPAIN)
Abstract: Transformation and revitalization of urban industrial areas became the necessary aspect ofsubstantial development. Those areas are ecologically the most degraded but they have the adequateinfrastructure needed for normal life of its residents and potential for development of tourism – mostlycultural tourism. In order to improve the development and the quality of life in those towns, it is necessary tomake some action programs of adequate transformation and take trough their revitalization by redirectingfrom the industrial to service sector and the development in the touristic destination of urban type based oncultural attractions.
The adequate sample of successful transformation is Bilbao, the capital of administrative region Biscay inSpain. Bilbao as metropolitan and industrial town have experienced the major transformations in last twentyyears. After the crisis of 80-es when this town was mostly degraded, it was planed and taken out severalaction programs of revitalization of urban area. Revitalization plan included numerous actions taken in orderto achieve the sustainable development of the town. That included the construction of great number ofemblematic buildings, building of Guggenheim museum and a serial of rearranging the squares, parks andpromenades in town and its surroundings, but it also included inventive creation of numerous cultural events.
Key words: revitalization, transformation, tourism, urbanism, culture
__________________Aleksandra Stanojlović, istraživač-doktorant, student na doktorskim studijama na Prirodno-matematičkom fakultetu, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu
mr Tanja Armenski, istraživač pripravnik na Prirodno-matematičkom fakultetu, Univerzitet u Novom Sadudr Nevena Čurčić, docent na Prirodno-matematičkom fakultetu, Univerzitet u Novom SaduDepartman za geografiju, turizam i hotelijerstvo, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu
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Aleksandra Đukić, Vesna Tomić
KREATIVNI KULTURNI TURIZAM KAO MOGUĆI POKRETAČ REVITALIZACIJE IRAZVOJA NASELJA
Apstrakt: U Srbiji su procesi urbanizacije, započeti sredinom prošlog veka i ekonomske promene uposlednjih 20 godina uticali na kvalitet života u naseljima. Pored neravnomernog razvoja i velikog pritiskastanovništva na Beograd, naši manji gradovi i sela se suočavaju sa mnogobrojnim problemima. Poreddrastičnog smanjivanja broja stanovnika u pojedinim gradskim naseljima i odumiranja i nestajanja jednogbroja seoskih naselja, kao i nekontrolisanog širenja pojedinih gradova u vidu vrlo često neplanskih „ruralnihpredgrađa“, ona novim fizičkim transformacijama vrlo često gube svoj identitet i postaju međusobno sličnatj. neprepoznatljiva. Jedan od problema je i globalizacija sela koja ima negativnih posledica na očuvanjekulturoloških i fizičkih obrazaca.
Ovaj rad će se baviti prvenstveno specifičnim problemima razvijenijih urbanih i nerazvijenih, ruralnihnaselja u Srbiji, koji bi kroz integrativni pristup, gde bi značajan deo bio razvoj kreativnog kulturnogturizma, mogli da se usmere ka njihovom rešavanju ili bar smanjenju štetnih posledica.
Manje razvijene zemlje, među koje spada i Srbija, imaju još uvek dobru mogućnost za razvoj ekonomijeusmerenim razvojem turizma i turističke ponude. Većina rekreativnih putovanja se odvija iz ekonomskirazvijenijih u manje razvijene zemlje, sve je veća potražnja za putovanjima koja nude autentična iskustva iaktivniji odmor. Razvijaju se specifične vrste turizma koje su kompatibilne sa principima i ciljevimaodrživog razvoja u svim bitnim segmentima.
Kulturni turizam je opšti termin koji obuhvata sva putovanja koja uključuju i neku vrstu iskustva i događajavezanog za kulturu u najširem smislu, dok kreativni kulturni turizam podrazumeva i participaciju korisnika, ane samo pasivno posmatranje. Njegov razvoj traži istovremeno pokretanje projekata obnove značajnihobjekata i kulturno- istorijskih celina, ambijenata i pejsaža, očuvanja autentičnih kulturnih i socijalnihvrednosti.
Razvoj lokalne kulture je jedan od osnovnih ciljeva evropskih integracija i ključan za očuvanje raznolikostikoju procesi globalizacije polako ugrožavaju. Održivi kulturni razvoj bi trebalo da se zasniva na principimakulturne različitosti, kulturnog suvereniteta i kulturnog holizma, i trebalo bi da premosti razlike izmeđutradicionalnih obrazaca življenja i savremenih trendova, uz sagledavanje potencijala i mogućnosti lokalnezajednice i društva u celini.
Ključne reči: kulturni turizam, kreativni kulturni turizam, održivi kulturni razvoj, seoska naselja
CREATIVE CULTURAL TOURISM AS A POTENTIAL DRIVER OF REVITALIZATION ANDDEVELOPMENT OF SETTLEMENTS
Abstract: In Serbia, processes of urbanization, initiated in middle of the previous century, and economicchanges during the last 20 years, have influenced the quality of life in settlements. In addition to unequaldevelopment and pronounced population pressure on Belgrade, our smaller cities and villages are facingnumerous problems. Apart from a drastic reduction of the population of certain city settlements and thefading and disappearance of a certain number of village settlements, as well as uncontrolled spreading ofcertain cities in the form of frequently unplanned "rural suburbs", by undergoing such new physicaltransformations, they quite often lose their identity and become mutually similar i.e. undistinguishable. Oneof the problems is also the globalization of villages with its negative consequences for the preservation ofcultural and physical models.This paper will primarily deal with specific problems of developed urban and underdeveloped ruralsettlements in u Serbia, which could, with an integrating approach, predominantly consisting of thedevelopment of creative cultural tourism, be directed toward a resolution or at least a decrease of unfavorableconsequences.Less developed countries, Serbia among them, still have a good potential to develop their economy by atargeted development of tourism and the offer in tourism. Most recreational trips are from economicallydeveloped to less developed countries, while the demand for trips offering authentic experiences and moreactive recreation is growing. Specific types of tourism are being developed, compatible with principles andgoals of all important segments of sustainable development.Cultural tourism is a general term encompassing all trips which include any kind of experience and eventlinked to culture in the broadest sense, while creative cultural tourism implies also the participation of users,
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not only passive observation. Its development requires simultaneous initiation of projects for restoringimportant constructions and cultural and historical entities, surroundings and landscapes, preservation ofauthentic cultural and social values.Development of local culture is one of the basic goals of European integrations, and a key factor forpreserving the diversity gradually being threatened by processes of globalization. Sustainable culturaldevelopment should be based on principles of cultural diversity, cultural sovereignty and cultural holism, andit should bridge the gap between traditional models of living and modern trends, offering an insight intopotentials and possibilities of local communities and the society as a whole.Key words: cultural tourism, creative cultural tourism, sustainable cultural development, rural settlements__________________mr Aleksandra Đukić, dipl. inž. arh., Arhitektonski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu (Ass. Prof. Aleksandra Djukić, Faculty ofArchitecture, University of Belgrade, Serbia)Vesna Tomić, dipl. inž. arh., JP Skijališta Srbije, Beograd (Ski resorts of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia)
Ryosuke Ando, Taiyoung Lee, Tomoyuki Inagaki & Masayoshi Kawai
A STUDY ON CITIZENS’ EVALUATION AND RECOGNITION OF REGIONAL ITS FORSTRATEGIC GOVERNANCE
Abstract: Toyota City has been carrying out various social experiments of regional ITS (IntelligentTransport System) services as the advanced model city of ITS in Japan. As about 5 years has passed since2004, the milestone year of Japanese ITS development because the ITS World Congress was held in theNagoya area including Toyota, it is necessary to make an improvement and policy proposal through a overallevaluation of the regional ITS services related urban traffic and transport. In addition, the social environmentand conditions have changed a lot. As the national policy, the direction of the ITS development has beenchanged from the technology oriented to the demand oriented and the ITS deployment is expected to bringchange of people’s lifestyle so that to make the ITS service be together with community development insteadof “vehicle and road”.In the past social experiments in Toyota City, the investigations have been mainly on the grasp of users’attitudes. However, such kind of evaluation cannot be used to distinguish real "needs" with "wants" for asupposed situation. As an essential investigation, we conducted a questionnaire survey in 2005 to understandthe recognition and usage of the Toyota’s citizens on the regional ITS service and the relation with theirconsiderations on the traffic and transport problems. In 2008, the second questionnaire survey was carried out.In this paper, we will make an analysis on basis of these two questionnaire surveys. We will make anevaluation of the regional ITS services in Toyota, and a discussion on the relations between citizens’recognition and usage of the ITS services and their considerations of urban traffic and transport issues. As aresult, we will approach our final goal to make a proposal for the further development of the regional ITS forurban traffic and transport issues.Key words: Regional ITS, Strategic Governance, Citizens’ Evaluation, Recognition__________________Ryosuke Ando, Director of Research Department & Chief Research Engineer, Toyota Transportation Research Institute(TTRI), Aichi, Japan
Anka Lisec and Samo Drobne
THE INFLUENCE OF PROTECTED NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ON LANDMANAGEMENT/MARKET – the case of Slovenian protected areas
Abstract: Nowadays, nature and landscape conservation issues are given much higher priority in spatialplanning as well as in other development programmes than a few decades ago. However, sustainabledevelopment is not just an environmental issue; it has to follow free aspects of sustainable development:economic sustainability, environmental sustainability and social sustainability. The latter includes valuessuch as equity, empowerment, accessibility and integration. From this perspective, a special challengeappears in the areas of special purposes, such as areas of protected natural and cultural heritage. Althoughsuch an area brings the values and benefits to society in general terms, it might be unacceptable or at leastdisliked by locals due to restrictions of the rights to land use, land management. Traditional connectionbetween a human and land derives from the fact that land has always been the elementary source for humanin the way of providing the space to live and to act. Furthermore, one of the elementary human rights is theproperty right, the right to posses and use the land. Here, land must be seen not as an isolated physical unit of
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the surface of the Earth or part of the diverse landscape, but as something integrated into the whole of societywith its rule, institutions, and socio-economic characteristics. In the protected areas, the individual interestsof the land owner are additionally limited and have to be harmonized with the guidelines and regulation ofprotection policy. Trends of cultural heritage and nature protection show that sectors link different policiesby implementing measures proposed by concerted, however still independent, programmes for managementof different protected areas.
Considering the above mentioned facts, the protection policy strongly influences spatial developmentprogrammes and consequently land management when looking bottom-up. The concept of land managementis a comprehensive expression for activities aiming to fulfil established goals for the use of certain landresources, following institutional regulations. Land management is thus a game with many actors, all havingdifferent roles and only when this roles are known and transparent, the system can function as it should. Inthe paper, the influence of special regulation in the protected areas (parks etc.) on land management ispresented. The paper gives an overview on history of cultural heritage and nature protection initiatives inSlovenia and provides a review on basic EU and international initiatives, conventions in this field. On thecase of Slovenian rural land market, it highlights the problem of complex institutional regulations in theprotected areas, which affect in particular local people. In Slovenia, the responsibilities for rural landtransactions in the protected areas are heavily fragmented across the institutions and largely decentralized.Here, institutions have to play an important role by supporting locals in the way of transparent and effectiveprocedures in land management in order to provide the basis for development of the society in spite oflimitation due to protection regimes. In addition, the legislation through the institutional framework shouldrecognise and encourage the sustainable land management in the protected areas, particularly in places thathave been shaped by people over long periods of time, and support human communities, locals by adoptingsustainable practices.
Key words: land management, land market, protected areas, national park, landscape park, Natura 2000,Slovenia
__________________Anka Lisec and Samo Drobne, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Evrim Özkan Töre (Dr.), Gülay Çevik, Zeynep Özdemir Eren,Zeynep Korkmaz, Mine Gökdemir
ECO TOURISM POLICY SUPPORTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING PROCEDURE - AnEnvironmental Planning Experience; case of identification of Igneada as an Eco Town
Tourism demand is mainly generated by environmental assets, natural beauties, and cultural heritage. Toperpetuate the tourism demand these assets potentials must be preserved for forthcoming generations. Thisvicious cycle leads us to the importance of use and preservation balance approach. In our century, wherealmost everyday dramastic natural disasters occur, raise of awareness and sensitivity towards ecologicalvalues and indigeneous people are getting more compulsory for tourism industry. The issue of sustainabilityand corporate social responsibility must be widespreaded throughout the world for sustainable tourism.
In the study of Türkiye’s Tourism Strategies 2023 by Culture and Tourism Ministry; Iğneada- located on theskirts of Istıranca Mountains and on The Black Sea Coast and which has ecologically great potential- isdeclared to be enhanced as an eco town in Thrace. In this study, at first, why sustainability is vital fortourism sector throughout the world will be mentioned. Secondly, the existing socio-economical conditionsof local people and the potentials of Igneada for eco tourism will be examined and the alternative ecotourism activities and eco tourism products using the local potentials for Igneada (and the nearby villages)will be given. Finally, the case of Iğneada will be examined regarding the 1/25.000 scaled environmentalplan decisions of the city of Kırklareli as a considerable step in legalization towards its identification as aneco-town.
Keywords: sustainable tourism, use and preservation balance, eco-town, Igneada, Longos Woods,environmental plan, alternative eco-tourism activities
__________________Evrim Özkan Töre (Dr.), Gülay Çevik, Zeynep Özdemir Eren, Zeynep Korkmaz, Mine GökdemirIstanbul Metropolitan Planning and Urban Design Center
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Evrim Özkan Töre, Mine Gökdemir, Zeynep Özdemir Eren,Gülay Çevik, Evren Oral, Zeynep Korkmaz
MANAGEMENT OF THE CULTURAL ASSETS FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THENATURAL, HISTORICAL and CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
Thrace Region that lies in between Europe and Istanbul, has a significant history and historical and culturalvalues as the traces of this history. There are more than 300 registered cultural assets in the region and it is agreat importance to present and sustain these assets for the next generations. During this procedure, theplanning policies formed in the frame of sustainability gains crucial importance.
In this study, “Turkey’s Tourism Strategy 2023- Action Plan 2007-2013” prepared by the Ministry ofCulture and Tourism will be examined. In the first step; the natural, cultural and historical assetswidespreaded through the Thrace Region will be mapped and the areas these assets are aggregated will bedetermined. Secondly, “Thrace Cultural Corridor” proposed in the Action Plan of the Ministry will bejuxtaposed with these aggregation areas and the overlapping will be analysed. Finally, the tourism policiesproposed for the area by the Ministry will be discussed, related agencies and policies will be determined inthe frame of a proposal management planning.Keywords: Thrace, environment, cultural assets, planning policies
__________________Evrim Özkan Töre, Mine Gökdemir, Zeynep Özdemir Eren, Gülay Çevik, Evren Oral, Zeynep KorkmazIstanbul Metropolitan Planning and Urban Design Center
Ratko Ristić, Nevena Vasiljević, Boris Radić, Sandra Radivojević
DEGRADATION OF LANDSCAPE IN SERBIAN SKI RESORTS- ASPECTS OF SCALE AND TRANSFER OF IMPACTS -
Abstract: The environmental impacts in Serbian ski resorts (Kopaonik, Zlatibor, Stara planina, Divchibare)are very strong, leading to degradation of unique mountain landscape, and functionality losses. Process ofurbanization, construction or improvment works, cause hard degradation of topsoil and native vegetation.The logging, large excavation activities, erosion, noise and water pollution constantly impact the habitats ofall animal and plant species residing in small areas. The process leads to severe fragmentation of theremaining old-growth forests, endangering future subsistence. Consequences of mismanagement in ski areasare noticeable in downstream sections of river beds, causing floods and bed-load deposition, with highconcentration of pollutants, in reservoires for water supply. Legal nature-protection standards are weaklyimplemented in regional ski areas.
Effective protection of landscape in Serbian ski-areas is based on carefull considerations of impactassesment at all levels of planning (spatial, urbanistic) and designing activities, which enables application ofrestoration concept, in accordance with general goals of environmental protection (preserving biodiversity,CO2 sequestration, attenuation of effects of global climate changes).
Key words: landscape, degradation, impacts, protection, restoration concept.
DEGRADACIJA PREDELA U SKI-CENTRIMA SRBIJE- ASPEKTI RAZMERE I PRENOSA UTICAJA -
Apstrakt: Izraženi negativni uticaji u ski-centrima Srbije (Kopaonik, Zlatibor, Stara planina, Divčibare)dovode do degradacije jedinstvenog planinskog pejsaža, ali i funkcionalnih gubitaka. Proces urbanizacije,radovi na izgradnji ili rekonstrukciji postojećih sadržaja, izazivaju teška oštećenja zemljišta i autohtonevegetacije. Seče šume, masivni iskopi, erozija, buka i zagađenje vode ugrožavaju staništa svih životinjskih ibiljnih vrsta koje obitavaju na ograničenom prostoru. Proces degradacije vodi ka gruboj fragmentacijiautohtonih šuma i dovodi u pitanje njihov budući opstanak. Posledice pogrešnog korišćenja prostora u ski-centrima su uočljive i na nizvodnim deonicama rečnih tokova, jer doprinose pojavi bujičnih poplava,taloženju velikih količina nanosa (opterećenog polutantima) u akumulacijama za vodosnabdevanje. Primenazakonskih propisa u domenu zaštite životne sredine, na prostoru ski-centara Srbije, nije na zadovoljavajućemnivou,.
Delotvorna zaštita predela u ski-centrima Srbije zasniva se na pažljivoj analizi mogućih uticaja, u procesuizrade planskih dokumenta (prostorni i urbanistički planovi) i tehničke dokumentacije, što omogućuje
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kasniju primenu koncepta restauracije u skladu sa opštim ciljevima zaštite životne sredine (očuvanjebiodiverziteta, vezivanje CO2, ublažavanje efekata globalnih klimatskih promena).
Ključne reči: predeo, degradacija, negativni uticaji, zaštita, koncept restauracije.
__________________Ratko Ristić, Nevena Vasiljević, Boris Radić, Forestry Faculty of Belgrade University,Sandra Radivojević, State Owned Company ″Ski Resorts of Serbia″
D. ENVIRONMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
D. ŽIVOTNA SREDINA I REGIONALNI RAZVOJ
Novica Staletović
KONCEPT STRATEŠKOG I RAZVOJNOG PLANIRANJA ZAŠTITE ŽIVOTNESREDINE U FUNKCIJI ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA LOKALNE ZAJEDNICE
Apstrakt: U Republici Srbiji u poslednjih tridesetak godina nije bila posvećivana dovoljna pažnjainstrumentima strateskog i razvojnog planiranja. Razlog za takav propust je verovatno napustanje konceptausvajanja sveobuhvatnih, centralizovanih i višegodišnjih planova razvoja u socijalističkom periodudruštvenog uređenja koji su uglavnom bili neefektivni i neefikasni i nisu bili u funkciji procesa upravljanjakojim se određuju prioriteti i projektuje realistična primena.
Da bi ostvarila svoju funkciju, lokalna zajednica (jedinica lokalne samouprave) mora da sledi promene udruštvu, a ponekad da ide i korak ispred njih. Kao značajan činilac društva lokalna zajednica je svakodnevnoizložena različitim uticajima, kako spolja tako i iznutra. Da bi te promene bile uspešno identifikovane,analizirane i procenjene neophodna je primena savremenih koncepata strateškog i razvojnog planiranjazaštite životne sredine kako bi se ostvarila strategija održivog razvoja. Izgradnja održive lokalne zajednicepostiže se donošenjem i sprovođenjem strategije održivog razvoja i lokalnih razvojnih planova zaštiteživotne sredine (ili lokalnih ekoloških akcionih planova). Inicirajući raelizaciju razvojnog plana zaštiteživotne sredine, održiva lokalna zajednica na odgovarajući način razmatra i usredsređuje pažnju na glavneekološke probleme, stavlja naglasak na minimizaciju zagađenja životne sredine i osiguranje dugoročnogodrživog korišćenja svojih resursa da bi se ljudske aktivnosti trajno održale. Primena savremenih koncepatastrateškog i razvojnog planiranja zaštite životne sredine može dati značajan doprinos efikasnosti iefektivnosti upravljanja sistemom zaštite životne sredine lokalne zajednice u skladu sa SRPS ISO 14001.
Ključne reči: strategija, planiranje, zaštita životne sredine, upravljanje, održivi razvoj.
THE CONCEPT OF STRATEGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNINGMEANT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITY
Abstract: During the last thirty years in the Republic of Serbia there has been no proper interest in strategicand development planning instruments. This negligence can be explained by giving up the concept ofcomprehensive, centralized and several-year-old development plans in the period of socialism, that used tobe rather inefficient and uneffective and were not aimed at management process that defines priorities andplans realistic implementation.
In order to fulfil its function, a local community (local autonomous entity) is to follow the changes within itssociety and even make a few steps in advance. Being a rather significant social factor, local community isexposed to various impacts on daily basis, both internal and external ones. In order to identify, analize andestimate such changes successfully, it is necessary to apply contemporary concepts of strategic anddevelopmental environment planning, so that sustainable development strategy could be carried out. Theprocess of implementing sustainable development strategy and local environmental development plans (orlocal ecological actions plans) initiates the process of creating sustainable local community. By initiating therealization of development environmental plan, sustainable local community analizes and pays attention tomajor ecology issues, points out the process of minimalizing environmental pollution and creating a long-term exploitation of its resources so that human activities could be permanently maintained. Theimplementation of contemporary concepts of strategic and environmental development planning might be of
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great importance for both efficiency and effectiveness of management system of local communityenvironmental protection, in accordance with SRPS ISO 14001.Key words: strategy, planning, environment protection, management, sustainable development.__________________dr Novica Staletović, Docent, dipl.ing.znr; Univerzitet UNION Fakultet za ekologiju i zaštitu životne sredine Beograd
Mila Pucar, Marina Nenković-Riznić, Boško Josimović
ZAŠTITA ŽIVOTNE SREDINE U FUNKCIJI REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA - ASPEKTIUPRAVLJANJA, PRIRODNI RESURSI, ODRŽIVO KORIŠĆENJE ENERGIJE, KOMUNALNI I
OPASNI OTPAD
Apstrakt: Pored evidentnih ekonomskih, socijalnih i legislativnih problema, Republika Srbija se suočava isa narastajućim problemom zagađenja životne sredine. Upravljanje životnom sredinom koje uključuje, sjedne strane prirodne resurse, a sa druge strane uticaje koje su produkt ljudskig delovanja, postaje sveznačajnije. Primarni izvori zagađivanja, koji su posledica delovanja ljudi, su locirani pre svega uenergetskom sektoru, ali i u sektoru upravljanja komunalnim i opasnim otpadom. Ovi problemi su izraženi,kako na lokalnom, tako i na globalnom nivou i utiču na klimatske promene na planeti.
Očuvanje prirodnih resursa jedno je od najznačajnijih prioriteta u oblasti zaštite životne sredine. Upravljanježivotnom sredinom, počevši od nivoa upravljanja preduzećem, preko lokalne samouprave, regionalnog idržavnog nivoa je poseban proces koji je u dobroj meri regulisan u zakonodavnim aktima, ali je potrena daljaharmonizacija sa propisima Evropske unije.
Prekomerna potrošnja fosilnih goriva i nekontrolisano ispuštanje produkta sagorevanja komunalnog iopasnog otpada oštećuju ozonski omotač i imaju uticaj na globalno zagrevanje planete. Zbog toga su,racionalna upotreba energije, povećanje energetske efikasnosti, upotreba obnovljivih izvora energije isistemski pristup upravljanju komunalnim i opasnim otpadom ključni elementi razvojnih politika velikogbroja zemalja, ali i ključni elementi održivog razvoja.
Povećanje energetske efikasnosti u proizvodnji, distribuciji i korišćenju energije kod krajnjih korisnikaenergetskih usluga je prepoznat kao jedan od pet osnovnih prioriteta u Strategiji razvoja energetike Srbije do2015. godine. Ključna prepreka u realizaciji programa povećanja energetske efikasnosti su nerealni pariteticena energenata i njihova nestabilnost, a pre svih odnos cene električne energije i goriva. U radu su dati nekiciljevi i mogućnosti povećanja energetske efikasnosti u sektorima zgradarstva, industrije i transporta koji semogu primeniti na nacionalnom i regionalnom nivou. Pored povećanja energetske efikasnosti, konceptodrživog razvoja zalaže se za povećanje upotrebe obnovljivih izvora energije. Bitna karakteristikaobnovljivih izvora energije je da su to "čisti" izvori energije, koji značajno doprinose smanjenju zagađenjavazduha, vode i zemljišta. Srbija ima dobar potencijal za proizvodnju obnovljive energije, koja bi mogla dadoprinese smanjenju zavisnosti zemlje od uvoznih energenata, pre svega nafte, i umanji negativne posledicena životnu sredinu.Posebno važno pitanje je raspoloživost resursa obnovljive energije na prostoru Srbije ucelini i na regionalnom nivou.
Problem upravljanja komunalnim i opasnim otpadom na teritoriji Republike Srbije predstavlja izrazitekološki problem. Upravljanje otpadom je složen proces koji podrazumeva kontrolu celokupnog sistemapostupanja sa otpadom, od nastanka otpada, preko sakupljanja i transporta, do tretmana i odlaganja otpada,kao završne faze u ovom sistemu. Proces mora biti podržan zakonskom regulativom, institucionalnomorganizovanošću, ali i prostornim planiranjem kao nezaobilaznim instrumentom procesa. Upravljanjeotpadom treba definisati u kontekstu održivog razvoja čiji se principi upravo i zasnivaju na efikasnoj zaštitiživotne sredine. Neadekvatno postupanje otpadom je jedan od najvećih i najsloženijih problema koji suvezani za zaštitu osnovnih činilaca životne sredine. Upravo zbog svega navedenog, kao postavku uregionalnim usmeravanjima upravljanja otpadom prvenstveno treba determinisati decentralizacijunadležnosti sa nacionalnog na regionalni, a kasnije i lokalni nivo, kao i definisanje regionalnih planovaupravljanja otpadom za sve funkcionalne regione Srbije. U tom kontekstu, posebnu pažnju treba posvetitiaspektu zaštite životne sredine kroz izradu strateske procene uticaja na životnu sredinu za planoveupravljanja otpadom.
S obzirom na skoro uključivanje Republike Srbije u EU i, u skladu sa tim, harmonizacije lokalne legislativesa evropskom, biće neophodna apsolutna harmonizacija srpskih zakona sa evropskim direktivama.
Ključne reči: upravljanje životnom sredinom, klimatske pomene, prirodni resursi, energetska efikasnost,obnovljivi izvori energije, upravljanje komunalnim i opasnim otpadom regionalno planiranje, održivi razvoj
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE FUNCTION OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT –ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION, COMMUNAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
Abstract: Aside from the apparent economic, social and legislative problems, the Republic of Serbia faces agrowing array of environmental problems. Environmental management, which on one hand, includes naturalresources, and on the other the impact of human activity, is increasing in importance. Primary sources ofpollution, which are the consequence of human activity, can be found primarily in the energy sector, and to asomewhat lower extent in the municipal solid and hazardous waste management system. These problems areevident, both on the local, and on the national level and have an influence on the global climate change.Preseving natural resources is one of the most important priorities in the field of environmental protection.Managing the environment, from the level of managing an entreprise, through local home rule, to regionaland state level is a special process that is greatly regulated by legislative acts, but a further harmonizationwith the European Union regulations is still necessary.Overexploitation of fossil fuels and non-controlled emissions of municipal solid and hazardous wasteincineration byproducts are damaging the ozone layer and influencing the global warming. It is because ofthese reasons that rational energy consumption, employment of renewable energy sources and systematicapproach to municipal solid and hazardous waste management are the key elements of development policiesof many countries. These elements represent a base block of solutions for sustainable development.Increasing the energy efficiency in production, distribution and its consumption by the end users isrecognized as one of five priorities in the Strategy of Energy Development of Serbia until 2015. Keyconstraints in the realization of energy efficiency programs are non-real parities and instability of prices ofraw materials needed for the energy industry. The paper gives some goals and possibilities in increasing theenergy efficiency in housing, industry and transport, which can be applied on the regional and national level.Apart from the energy efficiency, the concept of sustainable development implies an increase in theexploitation of renewable energy sources. An important characteristic of these sources is that they represent“clean” energy, which significantly lowers the air, water and soil pollution. Serbia has a good potentialregarding renewable energy sources, and this could lower the dependence on foreign import of fossil fuels(oil predominantly) and lower the pollution. An especially important question is the availability of renewableenergy sources in Serbia, both on regional and national level.The problem of municipal solid and hazardous waste management on the territory of the Republic of Serbiarepresents a serious ecological problem. Waste management is a complex process that implies the control ofthe overall waste treatment system. From waste production, to its collection and transport, to treatment anddisposal, the process needs to be supported by the legislative, institutional organization, but also with spatialplanning as an unavoidable step in the process. Waste treatment should be defined in the context ofsustainable development whose principles are based on efficient environmental protection. Inadequatehandling of the waste is one of the biggest and most complex problems regarding the protection of basicprinciples of the environment. It is because of this, that the waste management jurisdiction should be loweredfrom national to regional, and then, in the future, to local level. In this context, it is important to regard theenvironmental protection through strategic assessments of environmental impact for the waste managementplans.The paper presents tendencies in the waste management in the Republic of Serbia, as well as plannedactivities in the field regarding the Law, National Strategy and other plan documents.Key words: environmental management, climate change, natural resourcesi, energy efficiency, renewableenergy sources, communal and hazardous waste management, regional planning, sustainable development__________________Mila Pucar, Marina Nenković-Riznić, Boško Josimović, Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije, Beograd
Banafsheh Masteri Farahani
CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION; CASE OF MALAYSIA AS A TOURISTDESTINATION
Abstract: The international tourism industry has had to face many challenges in the recent past. Theseinclude the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, tourism has been put under pressure by the lung diseaseSARS, the war in the Middle East and years of rising energy prices. In climate change, the tourism industryis now confronted by a new challenge. Unlike natural disasters or terrorist attacks, this is not just a short-term effect that could then be quickly forgotten.
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Negative climatic consequences always have particularly serious effects if climate-sensitive tourism hasmajor economic importance. In Europe this applies to Malta, Cyprus, Spain, Austria and Greece. In theCaribbean, e.g. the Bahamas and Jamaica are disproportionately affected; in Asia, Thailand and Malaysiaand in Africa Tunisia and Morocco. The island states in the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean areparticularly reliant on tourism. If tourists stay away from them, the economic setbacks are extremely serious.
The objective of this paper is to study the impacts of climate change in Malaysia and the adaptation tocontrol the decrease of tourist arrival.
The major climate change impacts are loss of natural attractions; increase of flooding risk; damage totourism infrastructure, loss of natural attractions and species from destinations, loss of archaeological assetsand other natural resources, with impacts on destination attractions, increased coral bleaching and marineresource and aesthetics degradation in dive and snorkel destinations, coastal erosion, loss of beach area, andhigher costs to protect and maintain waterfronts.
The adaptations which come to practice are; Water (management, quality, availability), Agriculture,Fisheries (food security), Energy (supply and distribution), Human Health (malaria, dengue, asthma), Marineand Terrestrial Biodiversity and Infrastructure and Settlements
Key words: Climate Change, Tourist arrival, Impact, Adaptation,
__________________Banafsheh Masteri Farahani, School of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Milan Vemić, Tamara Kliček
RAZVOJ ODRŽIVE ŽIVOTNE SREDINE KREATIVNOG GRADA:STUDIJA SLUČAJA NOVOG SADA
Apstrakt: Ovaj rad se odnosi na tematsku oblast skupa: Životna sredina i regionalni razvoj – upravljanježivotnom sredinom. Autori će prvo definisati i razmotriti upravljanje životnom sredinom kroz konceptodrživog razvoja, lokalnog ekonomskog razvoja i u tom okviru koncept Kreativnog Grada. U drugom delurad će proučiti održivost i kvalitet života grada kroz sistem Integralnog menadžmenta kvaliteta Novog Sadakao turističke destinacije koju okruženje i ambijent kreativnog grada teže da stvore.
Rad ima istraživački karakter. Naime, analizom sadržaja dokumentacije vezane za životnu sredinu je rad ćeobraditi trenutno stanje kapaciteta za održivi i lokalni ekonomski razvoj Novog Sada. Zatim, kroz studijuslučaja Novog Sada, putem niza intervjua pažljivo odabranih predstavnika lokalnih vlasti i aktivnihpredstavnika trećeg sektora autori ispituju održivost životne sredine i kvalitet života u gradu koji težiusvajanju kreativnog koncepta.
Savremeni gradovi su od velike važnosti kao pretpostavke za razvoj ekonomije, lokalni ekonomski razvoj,socijalnu interakciju i negovanje kulturne raznolikosti. Kvalitet lokalne životne sredine je vitalni činilac kojidoprinosi kvalitetu života svih onih koji žive i borave u gradu. Ipak, usled eksploatacije prirodnih resursa naneodrživ način gradovi su takođe potencijalni uzročnici uništenja svog šireg okruženja. Ovo je veoma važanproblem održivog razvoja, jer početkom dvadest prvog veka više od polovine svetskog stanovništva živi ugradovima. Iz tih razloga menadžment gradova nosi moralnu i razvojnu odgovornost prema svojimgrađanima, a i široj zajednici.
Istraživanje iz ovog rada kandiduje za dalju raspravu tezu da dok gradski menadžeri i planeri razvijaju fizičkimoderne gradove, oni istovremeno previđaju važnost primene Integralnog menadžmenta kvaliteta kao alata upromovisanju socijalne, kulturne i održivosti životne sredine. Analize autora takođe pokazuju da u stvari nijenemoguće koristiti alate Integralnog menadžmenta kvaliteta i da ovaj pristup pomaže svima koji upravljajugradom na održiv način. Na kraju, pored Novog Sada, rad ima za cilj da provocira razmišljanja i holističnorazumevanje koncepta kreativnog grada u daljim istraživanjima ove oblasti i za druge gradove.
Ključne reči: Održivi razvoj, Lokalni ekonomski razvoj, Životna sredina, Kreativni grad, Integralnimenadžment kvaliteta, Novi Sad, Urbani turizam, volontiranje i volonterski turizam.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT OFTHE CREATIVE CITY: CASE STUDY OF NOVI SAD
Abstract: This paper will address issues within the thematic component of Environment and Regionaldevelopment – management of the environment. The authors will first elaborate the management ofenvironment through the concept of sustainable development, local economic development and in that
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framework the concept of a Creative City. In the second part they will consider aspects of sustainability andcity quality of life through the system of Integral quality management (IQM) of Novi Sad as a touristdestination that the environment of a creative city aspires to develop.
By character this is a research paper. Through the analysis of documentation related to the environment thepaper will assess the current capacity for sustainable and local development of Novi Sad. In a case studyundertaken in Novi Sad with semi-structured interviews of carefully chosen representatives of local authorityand active third sector stakeholders in environmental development of the city, authors of the paper will thenexamine the sustainability of the environment and quality of life in a city that aspires to adopt the creativeconcept.
Contemporary cities represent very important preconditions for economic development and particularly forlocal economic development, social interaction, and cherishing of cultural diversity. The quality of the localenvironment is a vital factor contributing to the quality of life of those who live and stay in cities. However,through the exploitation of natural resources in an unsustainable manner cities are also potential factors ofdestruction of their environment. With more than half of the world’s population living in cities at thebeginning of the 21st century, and this trend is set to rise, this is an important problem of sustainabledevelopment. Hence, city management carries a moral and development responsibility towards citizens andthe broader community.
Research from this paper will nominate for further discussion a thesis that while city planners and managersdevelop physically modern cities they overlook the importance of using IQM as a tool to promote social,cultural, and environmental sustainability. Analysis of the authors demonstrates that it is in fact notimpossible to use IQM as a tool and that this approach can assist all those aspiring to govern cities in asustainable manner. Finally, besides elaborating Novi Sad as a city, the discussion in this paper is expectedto be thought-provoking for a holistic understanding of the theoretical perspective of creative city and furtherresearch into this field for other cities.
Key words: Sustainable development, Local economic development, environment, Creative city, IQM, NoviSad, Urban tourism, volunteering and volunteer tourism.
__________________dr Milan Vemić, docent, Fakultet za menadžment Novi Sad i Tehnički fakultet Čačakmr Tamara Kliček, student na doktorskim studijama, Fakultet za menadžment Novi Sad
Siniša Stanković, Neil Campbell, Duško Maksimović, Tanja Cvjetković
EVALUACIJA PRIMENA ENERGETSKI EFIKASNIH MERA NA JAVNIM OBJEKTIMA USRBIJI
Apstrakt: Projektovanje i nadzor nad primenom mera unapređenja energetske efikasnosti u javnimobjektima (škole i bolnice) u Srbije (SEEP 1) je finansirano iz kredita dobijenog od Svetske banke iobuhvatilo je energetski efikasnu revitalizaciju 28 javnih objekata u Srbiji (12 bolnica i 16 škola).
Glavni cilj projekta je bila primena mera unapređenja energetske efikasnosti u javnim objektima kao iverifikacija ušteda u potrošnji energije i ušteda u računima za potrošenu energiju kao i redukcija emisije CO2
ostvarenih kroz implementaciju energetski efikasnih mera. Značajne uštede u godišnjoj potrošnji energije suostvarene za sve revitalizovane zgrade u opsegu od 15% do 63% - u proseku 40% za ceo projekat. Pratećegodišnje redukcije emisije CO2 se kreću u opsegu od 15% do 64% - u proseku 42% za ceo projekat. Prosečnaspecifična godišnja potrošnja energije za grejanje za analizirane bolnice izmerena pre primene meraenergetske efikasnosti je bila ~339 kWh/m2 i smanjena je na ~205 kWh/m2 posle revitalizacije. Prosečnaspecifična godišnja potrošnja energije za grejanje za analizirane škole izmerena pre primene mera energetskeefikasnosti je bila ~243 kWh/m2 i smanjena je na ~144 kWh/m2 posle revitalizacije. Period povraćajainvesticije za ceo projekat iznosi 7.5 godina. Razmatrano pojedinačno, period povraćaja investicije zabolnice, uzimajući u obzir njihov 24-časovni rad iznosi 5.3 godine dok period povraćaja investicije za školeiznosi 12.8 godina.
Ključne reči: primena energetski efikasnih mera, zgradarstvo, ušteda energije, redukcija emisije CO2,
merenje i verifikacija potrošnje energije, period povraćaja investicije.
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EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES APPLIED IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS(SCHOOLS&HOSPITALS) IN SERBIA
Abstract: The Serbian Energy Efficient Project 1 (SEEP1 – Design and Supervision Support forImplementation of the Energy Efficiency Improvements in Public Buildings in Serbia), funded by a creditfrom The World Bank, has involved the energy efficient refurbishment of 28 public buildings in Serbia (12hospitals and 16 schools). The major goal of the project has been implementation of the energy efficiencyimprovements in public buildings in Serbia and the verification of the energy and cost savings as well as CO2
emission reductions achieved through implementation of the energy efficiency measures. Significant energyconsumption savings have been achieved for all refurbished buildings with annual savings in the range of15% to 63% and an average of 40% over entire project. Associated annual CO2 emission reductions varybetween 15% to 64% with an average of 42%. The average specific space heating annual energyconsumption for the hospitals monitored was ~339 kWh/m2 and has been reduce down to ~205 kWh/m2 afterrefurbishment. The average specific space heating annual energy consumption for the schools monitored was~243 kWh/m2 and has been reduce down to ~144 kWh/m2 after refurbishment. The simple payback period(SPP) on investment across all buildings was found to be about 7.5 years. For hospitals, due to their 24/7operation, the SPP is 5.3 years and for schools is 12.8 years.
Key words: energy efficiency measures applications, buildings, energy consumption savings, CO2 emissionreduction, energy performance "before" and "after" monitoring and verification, simple payback period.
__________________Siniša Stanković, Neil Campbell, Duško Maksimović, Tanja CvjetkovićBDSP Partnership Ltd Summit House, London, UK, BDSP (YU) d.o.o., Beograd, Srbija
Milenko Stanković, Srđan Stanković
ODRŽIVOST - ENERGETSKA EFIKASNOST - ZDRAV ŽIVOT,NOV SU OBRAZOVNI PROFIL GRADITELJA U BANJOJ LUCI
Apstrakt: „Samo puna interakcija graditeljskog djela – ambijenta – prirode – čovjeka, može osiguratikvalitet života dostojan ljudskog bića.“ (rajvosa.net/lib/sv043.htm)
Rad afirmiše napore "škole graditelja," da u obrazovni proces uvede nove vrijednosti, načine ponašanja iosigura model humanijeg života, obrazuje osoben profil stručnjaka, tj. stvori prepoznatljiv identitet škole.Profilišući obrazovni proces savremenog graditelja i želji da život učinimo ljepšim, ugodnijim, humanijim iizvjesnijim, izvršili smo analizu prošlosti i sadašnjosti, uočili neprolazne vrijednosti i propuste. Uslijedila jeprocjena potreba, prohtjeva i navika savremenog čovjeka, sa aktiviranjem neiskorištenih potencijala prirode.Cilj je ispuniti profesionalnu obavezu, poštujući tradiciju, prirodu i savremene tehnologije, obrazovati novprofil graditelja, te ga profilisati da koncipira prostor koji stimuliše i inspiriše, tj. graditeljske aktivnostiuskladiti s kapacitetom prirode. Namjera je ojačati vezu čovjek - priroda, korišćenjem obnovljivih izvoraenergije i zdravih tehnologija, tj. ciljano zaštititi i očuvati prirodu. Afirmišući bioklimatsku arhitekturuukazujemo na potrebu usvajanja novih graditeljskih pravila - pasivnog standarda. Postignut rezultat je novprepoznatljiv profil graditelja koji afirmiše zdrave uslovi za život čovjeka, svjesnog da su graditeljstvo,kultura i priroda postali nerazmrsivo povezani na brojne i neočekivane načine.
Ključne riječi: održivost, energetska efikasnost, zdrav život, obrazovanje, zaštita čovjekove sredine
SUSTAINABILITY - ENERGY EFFICIENCY - HEALTHY LIFE ASA NEW EDUCATIONAL PROFILE OF CONSTRUCTORS IN BANJA LUKA
Abstract: ‘Only full interaction between construction – the setting – nature – human can ensure the qualityof life worthy of human beings.’ (rajvosa.net/lib/sv043.htm)
The work affirms the efforts of "builder school" which introduces new values to the educational process, newmanners, and provides the model of human life, creates special professional profile, or in other words createsrecognizable identity of school. Defining the educational process of contemporary builder and with desire tomake life more beautiful, pleasant, human and certain, we have analyzed the past and the present, noticedeverlasting values and omissions. Afterwards, there is an assessment of needs, appetites and habits ofmodern man, with the activation of unused nature potentials. The aim is to fulfill professional obligation,respecting the tradition, nature and modern technologies, form a new profile of builders and profile it toconceive the space which stimulates and inspires, or to harmonize architectural activities with the capacity ofnature. The intention is to strengthen the link between man and nature, using renewable energy sources and
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sound technologies, aiming to protect and preserve nature. Affirming bioclimatic architecture we point to theneed for the adoption of new building process rules – the passive standard. Obtained result is a newrecognizable profile of builder who affirms healthy conditions for life of a man, who is aware thatconstruction, culture and nature have become inextricably connected in numerous and unexpected ways.
Key words: sustainability, energy-efficient building, well-being, education, preservation of human environment
__________________Prof. dr Milenko Stanković, dipl.inž.arh, Univerzitet u Banjaluci, Arhitektonsko-građevinski fakultet, nastavnik i dekan (Professor MilenkoStanković, Ph.D., B.Arch. University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Architectural Design Chair, lecturer)
Srđan Stanković, dipl.inž.arh ( B.Arch)
Sanja Vavan Vučeljić
KAKO UPOTREBA FAZNO-PROMENLJIVIH PAMETNIH MATERIJALAMOŽE POVEĆATI ENERGETSKU EFIKASNOST ZGRADE
Apstrakt: Upotreba energetski efikasnih tehnologija baziranih na fazno promenljivim pametnimmaterijalima u rekonstrukciji postojećih i izgradnji novih arhitektonskih objekata, pored unapređenjaunutrašnjeg komfora, uštede energije i novca, doprinosi i povećanju njihove tržišne vrednosti. Iako oveinovativne tehnologije ubrzanim razvojem postaju sve jeftinije i isplativije, njihova upotreba u arhitekturi jeograničenih razmera, zbog nedostatka znanja o njihovim promenljivim osobinama i dinamičnom ponašanjupod uticajem različitih energetskih polja. Pametni materijali imaju tu sposobnost da osete promene u svomokruženju, obrade dobijene informacije i brzo reaguju na njih. Fazno promenljivi pametni materijali u tokupromene faznog (agregatnog) stanja reverzibilno razmenjuju energiju sa svojom okolinom i skladište je uformi latentne toplote, pri čemu temperatura materijala ostaje konstantna. Zbog svojih osobina da apsorbuju ioslobađaju energiju na predvidivim temperaturama, oni su veoma efektivni u kontroli i održavanju toplotnogokruženja u zgradi. Mikrokapsulirani fazno promenljivi materijali sa punjenjem na bazi parafina, ugrađeni umaltere, zidove, gipsane ploče, staklene sisteme, plafone ili u podove, obezbeđuju pasivnu klimatizacijuunutrašnjih prostora i smanjenje potrošnje energije. Toplotne karakteristike postojećih zgrada se takođemogu unaprediti, povećavanjem njihove toplotno-skladišne mase, ugradnjom proizvoda od faznopromenljivih materijala. Pored doprinosa smanjenju upotrebe energije i oslobađanja CO2 u atmosferu,upotreba fazno promenljivih materijala u arhitekturi stimuliše inovacije i obnavlja izgrađeno okruženje.
Ključne reči: pametni materijali i tehnologije, komponente i sistemi zgrada, promene u energetskomokruženju, energetska efikasnost, obnovljivi izvori energije
HOW APPLICATION OF PHASE-CHANGING SMART MATERIALS CAN INCREASEHOUSING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Abstract: Refurbishment of existing building stock using energy-saving phase-changing smart materials andtechnologies, in addition to improved indoor climatic conditions, offer an opportunity for increasing housingenergy efficiency and value. This fast developing technology becomes increasingly cost-effective with muchshorter payback periods. However, it is undertaken only on a limited scale; because of lack of knowledgeabout their changeable properties and dynamism in that they behave in response to energy fields. Maincharacteristics, which make them different form others, are: immediacy, transience, self-actuation, selectivityand directness. Phase change processes invariably involve the absorbing, storing or releasing of largeamounts of energy in the form of latent heat. These processes are reversible and phase-changing materialscan undergo an unlimited number of cycles without degradation. Since phase-changing materials can bedesigned to absorb or release energy at predictable temperatures, they have naturally been explored for use inarchitecture as a way of helping deal with the thermal environment in a building. Technologies based onsealing phase-changing materials into small pellets have achieved widespread use in connection with radiantfloor heating systems, phase change wallboards, mortar or facade systems. Thermal characteristics ofexisting buildings can be improved on increasing their thermal-stored mass by implementation products ofphase-changing smart materials. In addition to contributing to carbon reduction and energy security, usingphase-changing materials in the building sector stimulates innovations and regenerates the built environment.
Key words: Smart materials and technologies, changes in energy environment, building components andsystems, energy efficiency, alternative energy sources
__________________mr Sanja Vavan Vučeljić, Arhitektonski fakultet Univerziteta Union
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Predrag Mihajlović
RAZVOJ URBANIH VETRO TURBINA U FUNKCIJI ZAŠTITE ŽIVOTNE SREDINE
Apstrakt: U ovom radu dat je prikaz projekta WINEUR, čiji je cilj da determiniše razvoj malih vetro turbinau urbanim sredinama, da identifikuje bitna tekuća ograničenja i moguća rešenja. S obzirom da 75%stanovnika EU živi u urbanim područjima razvija se tržište urbanih vetro turbina (UVT) i to najbrže uHolandiji i UK.
UVT su pogodne za generisanje male količine električne energije na kojima nema prostora za velike turbine.Raznolikost tehničkih rešenja pokazuje da su različiti tipovi turbina davali optimalne rezultate u različitimuslovima i da rešenje može biti nađeno za većinu lokacija i specifičnih vetro režima.
Razvoj UVT je spor, jer o njima nedostaje informacija. Istraživačke institucije bave se njihovim razvojem saaspekta sigurnosti, oslanjanja, buke i trajanja životnog veka. Zbog prednosti dobijanja električne energije namestu potrošnje, UVT imaju značajan potencijal. Razmena informacija kroz urbanu mrežu vetra evropskihgradova doprinosi njihovom sve većem prisustvu na tržištu.
Ključne reči : urbane vetro turbine, zgrade, mreža, troškovi, inovacije, integracija
DEVELOPMENT URBAN WIND TURBINES IN TO FUNCTION ENVIRONMENTAL
Abstract: In this work is shown the project WINEUR, whose aim is to determinate the development of asmall wind turbines in urban areas, to identity important curent restricted and potential solutions. Regardingthat 75% of population of EU live in urban areas, the market of urban wind turbines (UWT) develops fastestin Netherlands and UK.
UWT are suitable for small amounts of generating of electricity on locations where does not exist spale forlarge turbines. The diversity of tehnical solutions shows that different types of turbines were giving theoptimal results under different condition and that solution could be found for the most of locations andspecific wind regimes.
The development of UWT is slow because miss information. Research institutions consider theurdevelopment with the aspect of security, noise, and longevity.
Regarding advantages of getting the energy on the location of consuming, UWT have important potential,especially, through urban net of wind of european cities.
Key words : urban wind turbines, buildigs, net, costs of innovation, integration
__________________Predrag Mihajlović, dipl.inž.arh. , Ministarstvo životne sredine i prostornog planiranja RS
Ljiljana Stošić-Mihajlović, Predrag Mihajlović
ZAŠTITA ŽIVOTNE SREDINE I UPRAVLJANJE TRŽIŠTEM
Apstrakt: Uslovi savremenog poslovanja zahtevaju nove pristupe u oblasti upravljanja procesima i razvojakonkurentnosti. Promene u oblasti tržišta neposredno utiču na način razmišljanja koji se odnosi naupravljanje preduzećem, tako da stvaranje i održavanje prednosti nad konkurencijom mora predstavljatirezultat trajnog cikličnog procesa. Osnovni elementi prednosti nad konkurencijom su nadmoć u stručnosti inadmoć u sredstvima. Kontinuirano unapređivanje produktivnosti znanja i rada jeste osnovni imperativsavremene privrede i najznačajniji faktor u konkurentskoj borbi preduzeća na globalnom tržištu, gde glavnureč vode Korporacije. Ova saznanja treba da se ugrade u poslovnu politiku svake poslovne organizacije.Nadmoć u sredstvima je opipljiva prednost postignuta ulaganjem u automatizovane procese,kompjuterizovana i robotizovana sredstva rada, ulaganjem u robne marke, kvantitet proizvodnje.Prepoznavanjem svojih vrednosti i ulaganjem u njeno korišćenje, preduzeće zauzima novu poziciju kodkupca. Tehničko-tehnološke nauke, kao multidisciplinarne naučne oblasti, moraju da razvijaju nova znanja u
projektovanju proizvoda i procesa, uključujući složene sisteme i metode zaštite životne okoline. Ekologija,tehnologija i zaštita okoline, treba da ukažu na mogućnost daljeg unapređenja kvaliteta života uz uspešnuinterakciju.
Ključne reči: upravljanje, procesi, ekologija, inovativnost, konkurentnost
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LIFE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF MARKET
Abstract: Modern business conditions demands new kind of approach in processes management areas anddevelopment of concurrency. Changes in market area directly impacts to the way of thinking that is related tothe company management so that generation and conservation of amenity over competition must representthe result of constant periodic process. Basic elements of advantage over competition are dominance inexpertise and in assets. Continuously improvement of efficiency of knowledge and work efficiency is basicimperative of contemporary economy and the most significant factor in competitive action of company inworld market, where the key players are Corporations. These cognitions need to be built in business policy ofevery business organization. Assets dominion is palpably advantage that is reached by investing inautomated processes, computerized and robotized production means, trade marks, production quantity. Byrecognition of its values and by investing in these items, company takes new position at consumers.Technological sciences, as multi disciplines scientific areas, have to develop new kinds of knowledge indesigning new products and processes, including complex systems and methods for protection of livingenvironment. Ecology, technology and environment protection, with successful interaction, should pointtoward possibility of further improvement of living quality.
Key words: management, processes, ecology, innovativeness, competitiveness
__________________dr Ljiljana Stošić-Mihajlović, Docent, Visoka škola primenjenih strukovnih studija, VranjePredrag Mihajlović, dipl.inž.arh., Ministarstvo životne sredine i prostornog planiranja RS
Ivan Milojković, Dragica Vulić, Božidar Stojanović
ANALIZA PRITISAKA I UTICAJA KONCENTRISANIH IZVORA OTPADNIH VODA NAVODNA TELA U SLIVU KOLUBARE
Apstrakt: Poznato je da otpadne vode naselja i industrije predstavljaju značajan pritisak na kvalitetpovršinskih voda. Vodna tela su direktno ugrožena emisijom zagađujućih materija iz kanalizacionih sistema,koji obezbeđuju sakupljanje i odvođenje upotrebljnih voda radi sanitarne bezbednosti stanovništva imaterijalne sigurnosti ljudskih dobara. Analiza pritisaka i uticaja omogućuje sagledavanje interakcijeizmeđu kvaliteta ispuštenih otpadnih voda i recipijenta. Kao koncentrisani izvori zagađenja razmatraju senaselja i industrije sa pripadajućim kanalizacionim sistemima - primarnom i sekundarnom mrežom, crpnimstanicama, postrojenjem za prečišćavanje i ispustom. U radu su prikazani uticaji emisije zagađenja na šestvodnih tela u slivu reke Kolubare.
Ključne reči: emisija zagađenja, uticaji, sliv reke Kolubare
PRESSURE AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF WASTEWATER POINT SOURCES ONWATERBODIES IN KOLUBARA RIVER BASIN
Abstract: It is known that waste water from settlements and industry represents a significant pressure on thesurface water quality. Water bodies are directly affected by emission of pollution substances from seweragesystems that provide the collection and transportation of wastewater for sanitary safety of population andmaterial security of human resources. Analysis of pressure and impact provide insight into the interactionbetween discharge wastewater quality and recipient. Settlements and industries with appropriate sewagesystems - primary and secondary network, pumping stations, waste water treatment plant and dischargepoints are considered as point sources of pollution. The paper presents the impact of pollution emissions onsix water bodies in the Kolubara river basin.
Key words: pollution emission, impact, Kolubara river basin
__________________Ivan Milojković*, Dragica Vulić* , Božidar Stojanović*Institut za vodoprivredu „Jaroslav Černi“, Beograd
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Gordana Hadzi-Niković, Biljana Abolmasov
ZNAČAJ GEOTEHNIČKIH ISTRAŽIVANJA U KORIŠĆENJUPRIRODNIH RESURSA I OČUVANJU ŽIVOTNE SREDINE
Apstrakt: Geološki podaci imaju veoma značajnu ulogu u prostornom planiranju i održivom razvoju unajširem smislu. Novi pravac geološke nauke, koji se naziva urbana geologija, bavi se problemima geološkesredine, korišćenjem mineralnih sirovina i resursa podzemnih voda, građevinskom delatnošću na površiniterena i pri podzemnim radovima, zaštitom ljudi i materijalnih dobara od geoloških hazarda, kako prirodnih,tako i onih koji su izazvani ljudskom delatnošću, zaštitom i obnavljanjem ugroženih lokacija, zaštitomzagađenja tla i podzemnih voda od industrijskog i komunalnog otpada i sl, a sve u cilju obezbeđenjaekološke bezbednosti i održivog razvoja pri prostornom planiranju.
Pouzdani i detaljni geološki i geotehnički podaci, dobijeni na osnovu geotehničkih istraživanja iorganizovani u GIS-u i odgovarajućim bazama podataka predstavljaju jedini način da se definišu i rešemnogi urgentni problemi pri korišćenju prirodnih resursa i obezbedi zaštita geološke i životne sredine.
__________________dr Gordana Hadzi-Niković, dipl.inž.geol., docentdr B. Abolmasov, dipl.inž.geol., docentRudarsko-geološki fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Republika Srbija
Sanja Stevanović
ANALIZA KOMBINOVANOG PRISTUPA ZA KORIŠĆENJE SOLARNE ENERGIJEPOMOĆU DOGRADJENOG STAKLENIKA SA FOTONAPONSKOM TENDOM NA
JEDNOPORODIČNOJ KUĆI U NIŠU
Apstrakt: Prostor Srbije je veoma pogodan za koriscenje solarne energije, s obzirom da vise od 80% njeneteritorije ima preko 2000 suncanih sati godisnje. Ovde predlazemo i analiziramo mogucnost adaptacijejednoporodicne kuce u Nisu za koriscenje solarne energije kombinovanim pristupom pomocu dogradjenogstaklenika sa udaljenim skladistem za grejanje u periodu oktobar-april i tendom prekrivenom fleksibilnimorganskim fotonaponskim modulima za generisanje elektricne energije u periodu maj-septembar. Poredanalize energetskog ucinka predlozenog resenja, razmatran je i njegov ekonomski aspekt, iz kojeg sezakljucuje da se investitori mogu podstaci za ulaganje u ovakve projekte ukoliko drzava donese odgovarajucisistem subvencija za koriscenje obnovljivih izvora energije, kao sto je slucaj u vecini zemalja Evropskeunije.
Kljucne reči: solarna energija; dogradjeni staklenik; fotonaponska tenda.
ANALYSIS OF THE COMBINED APPROACH OF SOLAR ENERGY USEWITH ATTACHED CONSERVATORY AND PHOTOVOLTAIC CANOPY IN
ONE-FAMILY HOUSE IN NIS
Abstract:Territory of Serbia is very suitable for the use of solar energy, given that more than 80% of itsterritory has over 2000 sunny hours a year.
Here we suggest and analyze the possibility for adaptation of a one-family house in Nis for solar energy useby combined approach with attached conservatory and remote heat storage for heating in the period October-April and canopy covered by flexible organic photovoltaic modules for generating electricity in the periodMay-September.
In addition to energy performance analysis of proposed solution, we also discuss its economic aspect, whichshows that the investors may be encouraged to invest in similar projects when the state adopts theappropriate system of subsidies for the use of renewable energy sources, as is the case in most countries ofthe European Union.
Key words: solar energy; attached conservatory; photovoltaic canopy.
__________________Sanja Stevanović, student doktorskih studija, Gradjevinsko-arhitektonski fakultet u Nišu
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Vesna Mila Čolić Damjanović, Bratislav Ilić, Đorđe Čantrak
TEORIJSKO – EKSPERIMENTALNI MODEL PASIVNE VIŠEPORODIČNE ZGRADE UBEOGRADU SA TEHNIČKO – TEHNOLOŠKIM I DRUŠTVENIM INOVACIJAMA
Apstrakt: Podstaknut brojnim evropskim inicijativama, projekat o kome će biti reči u ovom tekstu ima presvega za cilj da predstavi jedan novi model integralne primene nauke, obrazovanja, privrede i javnog sektorau transformaciji budućeg gradskog prostora, formirajući smernice novog razvoja stambene izgradnje u Srbiji.Ovim radom biće opisana inicijativa i metodologija izrade projekta eksperimentalnog modela pasivne zgradeza višeporodično stanovanje, koja podrazumeva izuzetne karakteristike energetske efikasnosti u geografsko-morfološkim, ekološkim, energetskim, tehnološkim, urbanističkim i tržišnim uslovima Beograda. Rad će presvega opisati inovacioni projekat čija je izrada u toku, kome se pristupilo multidisciplinarno, okupljajućidevetnaest naučnika sa tehničkih fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, uz prisustvo i podršku resornihministarstava i gradske uprave. Radom će biti otvorena tema formiranja državne strategije energetskiefikasne višeporodične stambene izgradnje u Srbiji, na najvišem nivou. Za formiranje valjanih zakonskihrešenja iz oblasti ekstremno niske potrošnje energije se kroz ovaj projekat dobijaju valjane eksperimentalnepodloge na primeru jednog pilot postrojenja, koje obuhvata inovativne arhitektonsko-građevinske konceptepasivne gradnje, primene obnovljivih izvora energije kroz geotermalne pumpe, fotonaponske sisteme i dr.,kao i elemenata inteligentne i ekološke zgrade kroz razne sisteme za recikliranje. Projektom je predviđenouključivanje i institucionalizovanje svih važnih faktora, i korišćenje svih raspoloživih resursa, kao što jestručno znanje i sposobnost univerzitetskog kadra u svojstvu projektanata, stručne revizije i edukacije naUniverzitetu, kao i relevantnih državnih, gradskih i privrednih subjekata. Model projekta za predpristupne(IPA) fondove pruža mogućnost za ispoljavanje odgovornosti i sposobnosti državne i lokalne uprave.Integrativni i inovativni karakter projekta daje priliku i podsticaj domaćoj privredi. Izrađena je studijaizvodljivosti koja, pored varijantnih tehničkih idejnih rešenja pasivne zgrade, predlaže i modalitetefinansiranja i pruža osnove za proračun perioda povraćaja investicije. U okviru ovog rada se promoviše idejapilot zgrade kao oglednog dobra, institutskog karaktera, sa visokoobrazovanim naučnim kadrom kaostanarima, što sa sobom nosi, pored tehničko-tehnoloških i društvene inovacije.
Ključne reči: energetska efikasnost, pasivna zgrada, inovacija, strategija
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF THE PASSIVE MULTIFAMILYRESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN BELGRADE WITH TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
INNOVATIONS
Abstract: Inspired by numerous European initiatives, this project, above all, aims to present a new model ofthe integral application of science, education, enterprise, and the public sector in the future transformation ofcityscape, thus forming guidelines for urban residential development in Serbia. This work will describe theinitiatives and methodology applied in the project of building experimental model passive building formultifamily living, with regard to the unique characteristics of energy efficiency in the geographic-morphological, ecological, energy, technological, urban and the market conditions of Belgrade. This work’smain focus will be the innovative project, currently being developed, which was approached in amultidisciplinary fashion, uniting nineteen scientists from a number of technical faculties (Faculty ofArchitecture, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of CivilEngineering) from the University of Belgrade, and with the support of the Ministry of Mining and Energy,Ministry of Science and Technological Development and Belgrade’s City Council.
Furthermore, this work will raise the subject of the need for a national strategy of building energy efficientmultifamily residences, at the highest level. To define effective legislative solutions in the field of extremelylow energy consumption good experimental data is needed and will be provided as the result of this projecton the pilot building. This prototype includes innovative architectural and civil engineering concepts of thepassive building, application of the renewable energy resources such as geothermal pump, photovoltaicsystems and alike, as well as elements of the intelligent and eco building through various recycling systems.The project includes and institutionalizes all key factors, and uses all available resources, such as the expertknowledge and capabilities of university employees in the role of design, qualified revision and education atthe University, as well as the relevant state, city and business subjects.This project model for IPA fundsallows for the demonstration of high level of responsibility and capability of state and local government. Theintergrating and innovative character of the project gives opportunity and stimulus to national industry. Thefinished project feasibility study proposes various technical solutions of the passive building, financialinvestment models and gives basis for the calculation of return-on-investment period. Idea of the pilot
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building, promoted in this paper, as a reserach institution with highly educated and skillfull inhabitants,project participants, offers fresh technical, technological and social innovations.
Key words: energy efficiency, passive building, innovation, strategy.
__________________Vesna Mila Čolić Damjanović, Arhitektonski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, asistent (Faculty of Architecture University of Belgrade,Teaching and Research Assistant)
Bratislav Ilić, Arhitektonski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, asistent (Faculty of Architecture University of Belgrade, Teaching and Research
Assistant )Đorđe Čantrak, Mašinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, asistent (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Belgrade, Teaching andResearch Assistant)
Božo Drašković, Dušan Kostić, Zoran Rajković
TEORIJSKO METODOLOŠKA PITANJA VREDNOVANJA PRIRODNIH RESURSA IZASPEKTA EKONOMSKOG RAZVOJA I ZAŠTITE OKOLINE.
Apstrakt: Problem vrednosti i vrednovanja prirodnih dobara uslovljen je teorijsko metodološkim pristupompitanju vrednosti. Klasična ekonomska teorija se zasniva na konstituitivnom razumevanju vrednosti.Vrednost po tom pristupu se gradi iz faktora proizvodnje: prirodnih resursa, (pre svega zemlje), rada istvorenog kapitala, (njegovog materijalnog oblika). Lioberalna ekonomska teorija koja prevladava odpedesetih godina prošlog veka smatra za nebitnu supstancijalnu dimenziju vrednosti, i u u fokus postavljaizvedene odnose tržište ponude i tražnje, odnosno da je vrednost izraz determinisan «spremnošću da seplati». Kako su prirodni resursi, sem kontinuelnih, izrazito retki onda se otvara problem vrednosti,vrednovanja i cena tih resursa, posebno zemljišta, šuma, čiste vode i vazduha. Uticaj ovog faktora- prirodnihretkosti, na ekonomski razvoj, prostorno planiranje, posebno na urbanizam, gradnju i cene stambenog iposlovnog prostora je izrazit. U radu su analizirani kako teorijsko metodološki tako i komparativnoempirijski aspekti problema uticaja prirodnih resursa na vrednosti i cena gradnje i građevinskih obkekata uBeogradu, odnosno na rubovima i u granicama zaštićenih prirodnih područja.Ključne reči: prirodni resursi, proizvodni faktori, ponuda i tražnja, prostorno planiranje, zaštićeni prirodniresursi.
THEORETIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF NATURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT:ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Abstract: The issue of value and natural resources assessment is limited to theoretical and methodologicalaccess to the value topic. The classic economic theory is based on constitutional value comprehension. Thevalue, by this access is derived from production factor> natural resources, (land, before everything else),labour and created capital, (its material form). The liberal economic theory prevailing since the fifties of thepast century, understand as not important the substantial value dimension, and in it is focused on derivaterelations – the offer and demand market. This theory considers that value is a concept defined by the”willingness to pay” syntax. Owing to the fact that natural resources, except continual, are very rare, theproblem of value, assessment and price of these resources is opened, particularly referring to land, forest,clean water and air. The impact of this factor – natural rarities, on economic development, spatial planning,especially urbanism, building and prices of housing and business premises, is evident. This paper analysesboth theoretic and methodological, and comparative empiric issue aspects of the natural resources impact onconstruction and civil engineering value in Belgrade, on borders, and in between protected natural areas.Key words: natural resources, production factors, market offer and demand, spatial planning, protectednatural resources.__________________dr Božo Drašković, dr Dušan Kostić i mr Zoran Rajković, Institut ekonomskih nauka, Beograd
Milan Medarević, Staniša Banković, Biljana Šljukić
PRISTUP IZRADI STRATEŠKIH PLANOVA U ŠUMARSTVU
Apstrakt: U radu će se analizirati pristup izradi strateških planova u sektoru šumarstva. Na osnovukonsenzusa u o nacionalnim programima o šumama (NPFS) postignutog na međuvladinom panelu o šumama(IPF) i njegovom nasledniku, međuvladinom forumu o šumama (IFF), Ministarska konferencija za zaštitušuma Evrope (MCPF) (2003) usvaja novi pristup nacionalnim programima o šumama u Evropi.Principi NPFS u Evropi su:
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- zajedničko učešće,- celovit, međusektorski pristup,- interaktivni proces s dugoročnim obavezama,- razvoj kapaciteta,- doslednost s međunarodnim zalaganjima koja priznaju sinergiju između inicijativa o šumama i
konvencija,- reforma institucija i pravilnika,- ekosistemski pristup,- podizanje nivoa svesti.
NPFS po pravilu koristi šest panevropskih kriterijuma o održivom gazdovanju šumama (SFM) kao bazu kojauključuje ekološke, ekonomskem i socijalno-kulturološke dimenzije razvoja.Tipični problemi u šumarstvu, svaki pojedinačno i u manjim ili većim grupama zajedno, zahtevaju strateškipristup (strateška polja). Da bi se odluke mogle nazvati strateškim, treba da se odnose na: biodiverzitet,ciljeve i karakteristike gazdovanja, korišćenje zemljišta, održivi razvoj šuma, lovno gazdovanje, rizik ineodređenost, vodno-vazdušni režim i šume, alokaciju prirodnih i tehničkih resursa, sekvenciranje radova ušumi, saobraćaj i transport, snabdevanje drvnom građom, šumske požare, šume i poljoprivredu, šumarskuindustriju, rekultivaciju jalovišta, odlagališta i sl., šumu i rekreaciju, šumu i klimatske promene, naučno-istraživački rad, obrazovanje javnosti, šumu i zaštitu prirode i životne sredine.Prilikom izbora optimalnih (ili bar racionalnih) strategija za usmerenje razvoja šuma u području imamo poslas vrlo širokim poljem odlučivanja (velikim mogućnostima izbora), koje znatno manje koristimo prioblikovanju odgovarajućih (racionalnih) rešenja za budući razvoj šuma.Ključne reči: šumarstvo, strateški planovi, integrisano planiranje.
APPROACH TO THE ELABORATION OF STRATEGIC PLANS IN FORESTRY
Abstract:The approach to the elaboration of Strategic Plans in forestry sector is analysed. Based on theconsensus on the National Forest Programmes (NFPs) reached at the International Panel on Forests (IPF) andits successor International Forum on Forests (IFF), the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests inEurope (MCPFE) (2003) adopted a new approach to the National Forest Programmes in Europe.The NFPs Principles in Europe are:
- Partnership for implementation,- Holistic and inter-sectoral approach,- Iterative process with long-term commitment,- Capacity building,- Consistency with international commitments recognising synergies between international forest-
related initiatives and conventions- Institutional and policy reform,- Ecosystem approach,- Raising awareness.
NFPs as a rule implement the six Pan-European criteria on sustainable forest management (SFM), as the basewhich includes the ecological, economic and social-cultural dimensions of development.The typical problems in forestry, individually and in smaller or larger groups, require a strategic approach(strategic fields). For the decisions to be strategic, they should include biodiversity, goals and characteristicsof forest management, land use, sustainable forest development, wildlife management, risk and uncertainty,water and air regime and forest, allocation of natural and technical resources, sequencing of forest works,traffic and transport, timber supply, forest wildfires, forest and agriculture, forest industry, spoil bankrehabilitation, forest and recreation, forest and climate changes, research and development, education, forestand nature conservation and environmental protection.The selection of the optimal (or at least rational) strategies for the direction of forest development in thisregion includes a very wide field for decision making (a large scope of selection options), which areinsufficiently utilised in the formation of the adequate (rational) solutions for further forest development.Key words: forestry, strategic plans, integrated planning.__________________Prof. dr Milan Medarević, Prof. dr Staniša Banković, mr Biljana Šljukić, asistent,Šumarski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu (Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade)
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Anja Terzić, Ivan Ignjatović, Snežana Marinković, Ljubica Pavlović
BETONI SA RECIKLIRANIM AGREGATOM KAO REŠENJE ZAURBANISTIČKI PROBLEM ODLAGANJA OTPADNOG
GRAĐEVINSKOG MATERIJALA
Abstrakt: Aspekti očuvanja prirodne sredine, održivog razvoja i pravilnog raspolaganja prirodnim resursimanameću reciklažu kao jedan od veoma važnih postupaka u proizvodnji građevinskih materijala. Danas sebeton na bazi recikliranog agregata (RAC) uspešno upotrebljava u raznim oblastima građevinarstva – kakokod novih konstrukcija i njihovih elemenata tako i za izradu baza puteva. Beton na bazi recikliranog agregatase dobija potpunom ili delimičnom zamenom prirodnog agregata agregatom koji je dobijen recikliranjemotpadnog betona, t.j. betona dobijenog rušenjem objekata, betona koji je škart u procesu prefabrikacije islično. Tako dobijen beton ima različite karakteristike od betona na bazi prirodnog agregata što je posledicarazlike u čvrstoći i sastavu prirodnog i recikliranog agregata i formiranja takozvane „prelazne zone“ izmeđustare, zaostale i novoformirane cementne paste. Beton na bazi recikliranog agregata pokazuje zavidneperformanse, a sa druge strane njegova primena ima izuzetnu tehno-ekonomsku i ekološku opravdanost.Sekundarni, reciklirani beton predstavlja idealnu zamenu za prirodni agregat jer je njegova primenaekonomična, on predstavlja jefitinu sirovinu, a njegova upotreba bi rešila ozbiljan prostorni i urbanističkiproblem lociranja i formiranja novih deponija otpadnog građevinskog materijala
Ključne reči: reciklirani agregati, beton, otpadni materijal, zaštita životne seredine, deponije
CONCRETES WITH RECYCLED AGGREGATES AS SOLUTION FORURBANISTIC PROBLEM OF WASTE CONCRETE DISPOSAL
Abstract: Aspects of enviromental safety, sustainable developement and proper disposal of naturalresources impose recycling as one of the main methods in manufacturing of the construction materials.Concrete based on recycled agregate (RAC) has been succesfully applied in various areas of civilengineering – as in new constuctions and constrictive elements also in read basis. RAC is obtained with utteror partial replacement of natural aggregate with recycled, secundary concrete. Such concrete has differentproperties than concrete based on natural aggregate. Different properties are consequence of differencies inchemical composition and hardness of agreggates and of transition zone which occures on contact of old,lingering cement paste and newly formed one. Secondary, recycled concrete is ideal substitute for naturaaggregates because its application is economic, cheep, and because it is enviromentaly safe.
Key words: concrete based on recycled aggregates, microscopic methods, transition zone, enviromentalsafety
__________________Anja Terzić, Institut za tehnologiju nuklearnih i drugih mineralnih sirovina, Beograd (Insitute for Technology of Nuclear and OtherRaw Mineral Materials, Belgrade)Ivan Ignjatović, Građevinski fakultet, Beograd (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade)Snežana Marinković, Građevinski fakultet, Beograd (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade)Ljubica Pavlović, , Institut za tehnologiju nuklearnih i drugih mineralnih sirovina, Beograd (Insitute for Technology of Nuclear andOther Raw Mineral Materials, Belgrade)
Jovanović Aleksandar
ANALIZA STAMBENOG NASELJA „NIKOLA TESLA“ SA ASPEKTABIOKLIMATSKOG PLANIRANJA I PROJEKTOVANJA
Apstrakt: Bioklimatski faktori planiranja i projektovanja su veoma bitni, jer predstavljaju osnovu zaformiranje objekta koji će omogućiti racionalnu eksploataciju i energetsku efikasnost zgrade. Sve veće krizeu snabdevanju energentima na početku 21.veka ukazuju na neophodnost zadovoljenja ovih kriterijuma upočetnoj fazi planiranja. Jedan od načina da se odgovori na ove zahteve je poštovanje bioklimatskihparametara pri projektovanju objekata i odgovarajući dizajn koji se oslanja na primenu pasivnih sistema. Naovaj način bi se uticalo na uštede u energiji već u početnoj fazi projektovanja i omogućilo racionalnijekorišćenje objekta.
U radu su korišćene analiza i sinteza, induktivno-deduktivna metoda i Case study metoda. Izvršena je analizajednog stambenog naselja iz prakse u okviru koje je utvrđeno u kojoj meri je urbanističko i arhitektonskorešenje projektovano u skladu sa bioklimatskim principima planiranja i projektovanja. Shodno tome,analizirano je unapređeno urbanističko rešenje u skladu sa ovim razmatranjima.
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Rezulati analize su pokazali da na primeru naselja nisu primenjeni bioklimatski principi stoga su predloženarešenja koja mogu doprineti poboljšanju postojeće strukture naselja u cilju postizanja energetske efikasnostizgrada. Predstavljene su smernice za buduću implementaciju zaključaka analize sa stanovištva bioklimatskogplaniranja i projektovanja objekata višeporodičnog stanovanja.
Ključne reči: bioklimatski faktori, energetska efikasnost, planiranje i projektovanje, početna faza, implementacija
ANALYSIS OF THE HOUSING BLOCK “NIKOLA TESLA“ IN RESPECT TOBIOCLIMATIC PLANNING AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Abstract: Bioclimatic factors of planning and design are of great importance in regards to development ofbuilding forms which allow later rational exploitation and building’s energetic efficiency. Having in mindgreater energetic crisis at the beginning of the 21st century thus greater demands in regards to overallenergetic requirements posed on buildings, early implementation of these criteria is a necessity. The keyissue is to implement these factors in the design process, especially passive system integration into theoverall process of planning and design.
By using analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and Case study of multiple housing units within thelocation, it is determined that the bioclimatic parameters were not implemented in respect to the locationproperties which allowed these factors to be integrated into the planning and design process. Suggestion foran altered solution was given in which buildings are planned in respect to these factors. By analyzing newlyadopted solution it is concluded that it is possible to implement certain energetic measures in the existingsolution which would decrease energy consumption in this phase when the building is already built.Moreover, the analysis pointed to certain guidelines that must be adopted in the future planning and designprocess of the multiple housing blocks.
Key words: bioclimatic factors, energetic efficiency of buildings, planning and design, early phase,implementation
__________________Jovanović Aleksandar, dipl.inž.arh., student doktorskih studija, Građevinsko-arhitektonski fakultet u Nišu
Biljana Abolmasov, Gordana-Hadžiniković
PRIMENA PROCENE GEOLOŠKIH HAZARDA I RIZIKA U PROSTORNOM PLANIRANJU
THE APPLICATION OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAND-USEPLANNING
Apstrakt: Prirodni - geološki hazardi kao što su klizišta, zemljotresi, vulkani i poplave i dr. su geološki iprirodni fenomeni koji se dešavaju u nepravilnim razmacima i deluju različitim intenzitetom. Njihovodejstvo najčešće izaziva značajne materijalne gubitke kako u samoj prirodnoj sredini, tako i u socijalnomokruženju, te oni predstavljaju jedan od značajnih faktora ograničenja korišćenja prostora. Međutim, efektiprirodnih hazarda mogu biti redukovani ili sasvim sprečeni, te su polazni ciljevi procene geoloških hazarda irizika proistekli iz ideje da se kroz različite metodološke postupke dođe do adekvatnih rešenja, prihvatljivihza ljudsko društvo. Kako je rizik od geoloških hazarda direktno proporcionalan gustini populacije ikoncentraciji različitih dobara savremenog društva, njegova procena je usko povezana sa različitim nivoimaprostornog i urbanog planiranja, ili pojedinim fazama projektovanja i eksploatacije objekata. Metodološkipostupci polaze od ciljeva procene hazarda i rizika definisanih nivoom i namenom izrade planerske iprojektne dokumentacije.
U radu će biti prikazani metodološki postupci procene geoloških hazarda i rizika koji na teritoriji Srbijeograničavaju uslove korišćenja prostora za različite namene i nivoe planiranja.
__________________dr Biljana Abolmasov, docent, dr Gordana-Hadžiniković, docentRudarsko-geološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
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Biljana Abolmasov, Ljupko Rundić, Gordana-Hadžiniković
GEOLOŠKI HAZARDI, ZAKONSKA REGULATIVA I IMPLEMENTACIJA DIREKTIVAEVROPSKE UNIJE U SRBIJI
GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS, LEGAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OFEU DIRECTIVES IN SERBIA
Apstrakt: Porast korišćenja prostora za urbanu infrastrukturu i razvoj izlaže stanovništvo Evrope povećanimgeološkim hazardima kao što su vulkani, zemljotresi, klizanja terena, poplave, i dr. Geološki modeliupravljanja terenom i odgovarajućim rizicima kao i modeli upravljanja geo-resursima su svi konceptualnoslični i podupiru procese urbanog, prostornog i ekološkog planiranja. S obzirom da se zaštita stanovništva imaterijalnih dobara od geoloških i prirodnih hazarda bazira na implementaciji procesa upravljanja hazardimau sve nivoe planiranja i projektovanja, ona mora biti bazirana na odgovarajućoj zakonskoj regulativi. Procespridruživanja Srbije Evropskoj Uniji podrazumeva implementaciju zakonske regulative i u ovoj oblasti.
U radu će biti analizirano stanje naše zakonske regulative i predočene osnovne direktive Evropske Unije kojese odnose na zaštitu ljudi, materijalnih dobara i prostora od dejstava prirodnih i geoloških hazarda.
__________________dr Biljana Abolmasov, docent, Prof. dr Ljupko Rundić, dr Gordana-Hadžiniković, docent,Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
Danilo S. Furundžić
URBANI RAZVOJ I UPRAVLJANJE ŽIVOTNOM SREDINOM
Apstrakt: Politika održivog razvoja Evropske Zajednice temelji se na ekonomskom rastu, socijalnomnapretku i zaštiti životne sredine. Usaglašavanje sa evropskim propisima za prostorno planiranje, urbanirazvoj i zaštitu životne sredine obezbeđuje uslove za ulazak Republike Srbije u Evropsku Zajednicu. U ovomradu razmatraju se poremećaji urbane životne sredine i problemi upravljanja okruženjem. Rad posebnoanalizira zagađenje vazduha i vode i odlaganje otpada kao opasne uticaje na životnu sredinu. Strateškiprioriteti prostornog i urbanog razvoja u današnjoj Srbiji su uspešno upravljanje, zaštita i poboljšanje životnesredine, izjednačavanje regionalnih razlika i primena savremenih tehnologija.
Ključne reči: urbanizam, održivi razvoj, upravljanje životnom sredinom
URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Abstract: The European Union sustainable development policy is based on economic growth, socialprogress and environmental protection. The harmonization with European spatial planning, urbandevelopment and environmental protection standards provide conditions for integration of the Republic ofSerbia into the European Union. This paper presents urban environmental challenges and environmentalmanagement problems. The paper particularly considers air and water pollution and waste handling asdangerous environmental impacts. The strategic priorities of space and urban development in Serbia areefficient management, protection and improvement of the environment, leveling of regional disparities andcontemporary technology application.
Key words: urbanism, sustainable development, environmental management
__________________Danilo S. Furundžić, dipl.inž.arh., asistent, Arhitektonski fakultet u Beogradu
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E. IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT DECISIONS
E. IMPLEMENTACIJA STRATEŠKIH RAZVOJNIH ODLUKA
Omiljena Dželebdžić, Zorica Nedović Budić
PROSTORNI INDIKATORI REGIONALNOG RAZVOJA- PRISTUPI, METODE, POUKE IZ PRAKSE -
Apstrakt: Teritorijalna kohezija, komplementarno sa socijalnom i ekonomskom kohezijom, postaje jedan odimperativa politike Evropske unije u domenu regionalnog razvoja. Među glavnim ciljevima apostrofira sekoncept uravnoteženog i policentričnog razvoja, pri čemu regioni treba da budu organizovani da istovremenozadovolje ekonomsku konkurentnost i principe održivog razvoja. Razrada ovog koncepta rezultirala je nizomprimera teritorijalnih tipologija i istraživanjima indikatora za ocenu nivoa policentričnosti za različiteprostorne nivoe. U radu se analizira da li se ponuđeni indikatori mogu primeniti za ocenu regionalnihstruktura u Srbiji i praćenje potencijalnih nodalnih područja za policentrični razvoj. Istovremeno, ukazuje sena iskustva funkcionalne specijalizacije kao i efekata regionalne policentrične integracije u raznim delovimaEvrope.
Ključne reči: regionalni razvoj, koncept policentričnosti, prostorni indikatori, teritorijalne tipologije.
SPATIAL INDICATORS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT– APPROACHES, METHODS, AND LESSONS FROM PRACTICE -
Abstract: Territorial cohesion, complementary to economic and social cohesion, has become one of theimperatives of the European Union’s policy on regional development. The concept of balanced polycentricgrowth is among the main goals, with regions organized to simultaneously satisfy economic competition andprinciples of sustainable development. Elaboration of this concept has resulted in several territorialtypologies and research on indicators for assessing the level of polycentricity at various spatial scales. In thispaper, we analyse the applicability of those indicators to the assessment of regional structures in Serbia andthe monitoring of potential nodes of polycentric growth. We reference the experiences of functionalspecialization as well as the effects of regional polycentric integration in various parts of Europe.
Key words: regional development, concept of polycentricity, spatial indicators, teritorrial typologies.
__________________mr Omiljena Dželebdžić, Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije (Institute of Architecture and Urban&Spatial Planning of Serbia)Prof. dr Zorica Nedović Budić, University College Dublin, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Policy
Branislav Bajat, Nikola Krunić
MODEL PREDIKCIJE PROSTORNE DISTRIBUCIJE STANOVNIŠTVA PRIMENOMGEOSTATISTIČKIH METODA
Apstrakt: U dosadašnjim demografskim istraživanjima uglavnom su korišćene kvantitativne metode analizepromene broja stanovnika, koje se nisu bavile i prostornim aspektom distribucije stanovništva. Savremeneprostorne analize, poput studija održivog razvoja naselja, podrazumevaju interdisciplinarni pristup isagledavanje mnogobrojnih parametra koji su predmet izučavanja u raznim geodisciplinama. Polazeći odosnovne ideje geostatistike, da se analizom prostorne korelacije dođe do poboljšanja prostorne predikcije iliinterpolacije, u radu se razmatra korelacija indeksa promene broja stanovnika sa izabranim prostornimindikatorima poput: digitalnih modele terena, putnih mreža prvog i drugog reda, nagiba terena kao i klasaentiteta preuzetih iz CORINE 2000. Na osnovu analize korelacija navedeni indikatori su primenomgeostatističke tehnike regresionog kriginga uključeni kao pomoćne promenljive veličine u prostornuinterpolaciju indeksa promene broja stanovnika. Geostatistika je primenjena u okviru geosimulacionogmodela urbanih sistema koji su, po svojoj prirodi, dinamički i kompleksni.
Generisane karte su izrađene u programskom okruženju geoinformacionih sistema u standardnom rasterskomformatu i kao takve su dostupne za dalje prostorne analize. U primenjenoj metodologiji mogu se analizirati
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procesi koji su se odvijali u prošlosti, ali istovremeno i simulirati demografske promene koje će se odvijati ubudućnosti, poput projekcija broja stanovnika na planskom području.
U radu su obrađena dva područja regionalnih prostornih planova opština Južnog Pomoravlja i TimočkeKrajine.
Ključne reči: geostatistika, indeks promene broja stanovnika
PREDICTION MODEL OF POPULATION GROWTH INDEX BY GEOSTATISTICS
Abstract: In all recent demographic researches basically quantitative methods were used for analysingchanges in population growth without consideration of the spatial aspects of people distribution.Contemporary spatial analyses, like studies of sustainable development of settlements, considerinterdisciplinary approach and perceiving of numerous parameters which are objectives of researches indifferent geodisciplines. Starting with basic geostatistical idea, that spatial prediction could be improved byanalysis of spatial correlation, the correlation between population growth index and chosen spatial indicators,such as digital terrain models, road networks, and slopes of terrain, as well as, CORINE 2000 entity classes,was investigated. Based on results of correlation analysis, the stated indicators were used as auxiliaryvariables in spatial prediction of population growth index by using regression kriging. Geostatistics was usedin the frame of geosimulation modelling of urban systems which are usually very dynamic and complex.
Maps in standard raster formats which are suitabble for further spatial analysis were generated ingeoinformation systems environment. The methodology applied in this work, enables the analysis ofprocesses that occurred in the past, as well as concurrent simulations of demographic changes that will occurin the future, like projection of the population in planning area.
Two different case studies, municipalities of Južno Pomoravlje and Timočka Krajina counties, wereconsidered in this study.
Key words: geostatistics, population growth index
__________________dr Branislav Bajat, Institut za geodeziju i geoinformatiku, Građevinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradumr Nikola Krunić, Institut za arhitektiru i urbanizam Srbije
László Nagyváradi, Anita Szebényi
THE SEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TRAFFIC AND SUBURBANIZATIONIN BUDAPEST AGGLOMERATION WITH GIS METODS
Abstract: At the beginning of the third millenium the social-economical processes close to each otherbecause the welldeveloped means of traffic. The far points of Earth get to close, and the distances get newdimensions. For example before the railway, the travel time between Budapest and Wiena was 30 hours, bytrain it was 4 hours, and today it is only 50 minutes by airplane. Otherhand during the rush hours one our isnot enough to drive across the Budapest agglomeration.
Budapest has a very good geographical position, because the central traffic-network of Hungary. Thisadvance generates traffic problems in the agglomeration also. All the highways (M1, M3, M5, M7, etc.) andmain roads join to each other in the capital and its surroundings. The unfinished M0 ringroad is one of themain source of the problems. Over the domestic traffic, the international transport bother the agglomeration,because the transeuropean corridors run across this area.
The motorization is the third main problem of the development of Budapest agglomeration. The higher livingstandard produced the increasing of the vehicle per capita.
The suburbanization generates traffic problems itself, because the suburbian settlement only „bedroomtowns”, and the work place localized in the city to result daily migration. Follow the people the terciary, andquaternary sector spread in to the satellite settlement to enhance the trafficproblems. The affect of thisdecentralization is the change in the relationship between the city and suburb.
The general fixation, that the distances decreasing is not true, because more and more difficault to reach thetarget in the agglomeration.
The question is how we can change this traffic problems, and what will be the effect of this change in thesuburbanization. The problems appears at first in Budapest agglomeration, and we have a lot of data from thelast 30 years. The number of data inspire us to analize the promlem with GIS methods. The main question ofGIS „ What will happen if…”. In this theme we are looking for the answer this question. What will happen
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during the next 30 years in Budapest agglomeration. We can forebode this dinamical, and spatial changeswith GIS modells. This modells help to make getting up decision, and consequences. We use Idrisi andARCGIS to make this modells. The qualitative and quantitative data in the time series, and the census datahide many coherences, what we can open up for learning and the public.Key words: suburbanization, GIS, Budapest agglomeration, urban__________________László Nagyváradi PhD, prof. Head of Dept. Cartography and Geoinformatics, andAnita Szebényi PhD student, Earth Science Doctoral School; Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
Vojkan Gajović
NOMENKLATURA TERITORIJALNIH JEDINICA ZA STATISTIKU – MOGUĆNOSTIPRIMENE U SRBIJI
Apstrakt: Nomenklatura teritorijalnih jedinica za statistiku (NUTS) je uvedena u upotrebu pre više od 30godina od strane EUROSTAT kako bi se uniformisale teritorijalne jedinice radi produkcije regonalnestatistike Evropske Unije, zarad boljeg sagledavanja problema u regionima država članica. EUROSTAT je uOsnovnim Principima NUTS je dao podelu nacionalnih teritorija na normativne i funkcionalne regije, kojimaje dodeljen određeni nivo kategorizacije. Srbija na svom putu ka članstvu u Evropskoj Uniji mora primenitinomenklaturu na sopstvene teritorijalne jedinice. Nepostojanje regionalizacije u Srbiji je pokrenulopostojanje iste, pa prema tome i dodeljivanje NUTS nivoa kategorizacije. Postoje pokušaji regionalizaijeSrbije kroz legislativu i kroz praktičnu primenu. Međutim, nijedan od ovih pokušaja nije uzeo u obzirfunkcionalnu organizaciju urbanih centara Srbije, koji utiču u mnogome na definiciju samih regiona.U ovom radu biće analizirana usaglašenost NUTS-a sa funkcionalnom ogranizacijom urbanih centara Srbije,i neke varijante primene nomenklature.
Ključne reči: NUTS; regioni; regionalizacija; urbani centri.
THE NOMENCLATURE OF TERRITORIAL UNITS FOR STATISTICS– POSSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN SERBIA -
Abstract: The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) has been implemented more than 30years ago by EUROSTAT, with goal to unify territorial units for better problem consideration in EuropeanUnion’s regional statistics. EUROSTAT has given in Basic Principles of NUTS categorization of nationalterritories on normative and functional regions, so each region got respective level of categorization. Serbia,on its way towards membership in European Union, has to implement nomenclature on its own respectiveterritorial units. The problem of missing regionalization in Serbia has started the question of existence ofregionalization and implementation of NUTS. There have been several legislative and practical efforts toimplement NUTS. However, neither one of them has used functional organization of urban centers of Serbiaas basis for defining respective regions.This paper will present analysis of compatibility of NUTS regions with functional organization of urbancenters in Serbia, and here will be presented some variants of implementation of nomenclature.Keywords: NUTS; regions; regionalization; urban centers.
__________________Vojkan Gajović, diplomirani prostorni planer, GIS konsultat u GISDATA Beograd, student postdiplomskih studija na Geografskom fakultetuUniverziteta u Beogradu - smer prostorno planiranje
Olgica Bošković, Emilija Manić
KORIŠĆENJE STATISTIČKIH I GEOGRAFSKIH INFORMACIONIH SISTEMA U CILJUSAGLEDAVANJA ULOGE I ZNAČAJA TRGOVINE U DOMENU PROSTORNOG PLANIRANJA
Apstrakt: Srbija je od početka procesa tranzicije, 2001. godine, imala dinamičan ekonomski rast (stoperasta su se kretale od 4% do 8%, izuzev 2003. godine). Prosečna stopa rasta bruto domaćeg proizvoda uSrbiji u periodu od 2001-2007. godina bila je 5,6% godišnje, a izvori ekonomskog rasta u ovom periodunajviše su generisani u sektoru usluga, naročito saobraćaja, trgovine i finansijskog posredovanja. U prilogznačaju sektora usluga u ukupnom privrednom rastu, a posebno trgovine, govore i podaci o rastu učešćasektora usluga u 2007. godini, u odnosu na 2001. godinu, i to sa 56,3% na 65,5%. Imajući u vidu činjenicuda u procesu planiranja prostornog i regionalnog razvoja, poseban značaj imaju one grane privrede koje
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beleže najveće stope rasta, praćenje i planiranje trgovinske mreže postaje jedan od prioriteta prostornogplaniranja. Prostorno planiranje jeste važan instrument usklađivanja i optimalnog razmeštaja stanovništva iprivrednih delatnosti u jednoj zemlji, a kao jedan od najvažnijih segmenata u tom procesu izdvaja sekreiranje odgovarajućih sistema monitoringa. U radu će biti prikazane prednosti korišćenja statističkih igeografskih informacionih sistema u praćenju podataka o trgovinskoj mreži u Srbiji, jer je trgovinaidentifikovana kao jedna od važnih privrednih grana u strategiji prostornog plana Srbije.
Ključne reči: prostorno planiranje, GIS, indeks kupovne moći, indeks maloprodajne koncentracije, indeksmaloprodajne aktivnosti.
USING STATISTICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN FOCUSINGRETAIL ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE IN THE SPATIAL PLANNING
Abstract: Serbia has very dynamic growth of economy since the beginning of transition process in 2001(from 4% to 8%, with the exception of 2003). Average growth rate of Serbian GDP in the period 2001-2007,were 5,6%, and the main source of this growth were in the tertiary sector (transport, trade, finance sector).The growth rate of the tertiary sector in 2007 (56,3% in 2001 to 65,5% in 2007) showed the significance thissector in the over whole economy growth and especially the trade sector within it. In the process of spatialand regional planning, special role has those sectors and activities which have the biggest growth rate, andconsidering that, the monitoring and planning of trade sector and network become one of the spatial planningpriorities. Spatial planning is an important harmonization and optimal distribution instrument in the processof optimal population and economy distribution in the country. And one of the most important elements ofthe spatial planning is design of the adequate information system. In this paper we are trying to show all theadvantages of using statistical and geographical information systems in trade monitoring and planning inSerbia. This is even more important in the context of using trade as one of the instruments within the spatialplanning strategy.
Key words: spatial planning, GIS, purchasing index, retail concentration index, retail activity index
__________________dr Olgica Bošković, dr Emilija Manić, Ekonomski fakultet u Beogradu
Tijana Crnčević, Olgica Bakić
IMPLEMENTATION OF GIS TOOLS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS OF THE SYSTEM OFGREEN SURFACES OF SPA SETTLEMENTS: VRNJAČKA SPA EXAMPLE
Abstract: In the paper it is stressed the importance of the system of green surfaces in spa settlements in asense of improving microclimatic conditions and positive impacts to the human health. Beside that, it isnoted the necessity for formulation of the information base - the cadastre of green surfaces, as a maincondition for effective planning and management of the system of green surfaces.Further, the experiences using GIS during making the map of categorization and the way of presentation ofgreen surfaces in spa settlements for Vrnjacka Spa are analyzed. Specially, it is stressed the regionalimportance, in a sense that formulated standard for presentation of the system of green surfaces andestablished symbols could be applied in other spa settlements in Serbia.Key words: GIS, the system of green surface, spa settlements
PRIMENA GIS ALATA U PROCESU PLANIRANJA SISTEMA ZELENIH POVRŠINABANJSKIH NASELJA: PRIMER VRNJAČKE BANJE
Apstrakt: U radu se ističe značaj sistema zelenih površina u banjskim naseljima u smislu poboljšanjamikroklimatskih uslova i pozitivnog uticaja na ljudsko zdravlje i ukazuje na neophodnost formiranjainformacione osnove u smislu katastra zelenih površina kao osnovnog uslova za efikasno planiranje iupravljanje sistemom zelenih površina.Pored toga, analizirana su iskustva u smislu prednosti i ogranićenja primene GIS alata prilikom izrade kartekategorizacije i načina predstavljanja sistema zelenih površina na primeru Vrnjačke Banje. Posebno jeistaknut regionalni značaj u smislu da formulisani tipski način prikazivanja sistema zelenih površina iuspostavljeni tipski simboli se mogu primeniti i u drugim banjskim naseljima u Srbiji.Ključne reči: GIS, sistem zelenih površina, banjska naselja__________________dr Tijana Crnčević, naučni saradnik u Institutu za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije
Olgica Bakić, stručni saradnik u Institutu za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije