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Vacuum Insulated Pipingfor

Cryogenic ServiceSystem Design and Installation

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Chart Industries History

Worlds largest cryogenic design/manufacture of cryogenic equipment for over 40 years.

Facilities Worldwide facilities including North America, Czech Republic,

China, Germany Products

Storage tanks, pipe, transport/delivery tanks, injectors, test chambers, controls systems, etc

Markets Industrial gas, medical, biological, electronics, aerospace,

automotive, restaurant, beverage, etc. Vacuum Insulated Pipe Brand Names

MVE CVI Python

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Types of Cryogenic Piping

Static vacuum Section vacuums are factory sealed Very high and stable efficiency Long life expectancy Simple field installation

Dynamic vacuum Requires continuous operation of vacuum pump Less efficient than static vacuum pipe

Foam insulated copper Medium/low efficiency, degrades with time Lower initial cost but higher operating cost and shorter life

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VIP Applications

Volume related applications Nitrogen expands 700X from liquid to gas

Refrigeration related applications LN2 temperature is 320 degrees Fahrenheit LN2 heat of vaporization is 92 BTU/#

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VIP Applications

Volume related applications N2 Purge gas

Beverage & food packaging Aerospace LNG as fuel

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VIP Applications

Refrigeration related applications Cryo-bio storage Biological freezing Food freezing Electronics testing HALT/HASS Entertainment fog effects Super conductors Deflashing of rubber parts Cryo tempering

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VIP Design and construction

Sizes Rigid

pipe size thru 10 pipe size Flex

ID flex thru 10 ID flex

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VIP Design and construction

Pressure rating Normally 150 psig for LN2

Most LN2 applications require pressures of 20-70 psig

Normally 300 psig for LCO2 Special pressures on request

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VIP Design and construction

Code ASME B31.3 Process piping

New Prague manufacturing shop approvals ASME U stamp

Certificate #8,377 ISO-9001:2000 Quality System

Certificate #GQC-246

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VIP Design and construction

Double wall vacuum insulated Nearly 400 deg F temperature differential from

inner to outer Vacuum minimizes gas conduction and

convection Long thin walls minimize metal conduction Multi layer super-insulation minimizes radiation

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VIP Design and construction

Inner pipe Outer jacket pipe End closure

Support Internal bellows Gas trap Super-insulation

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VIP Design and construction

Materials Inner carrier pipe options

Pipe, welded, schedule 5, type 304 SS Pipe, welded, schedule 5, Invar Convoluted flex, type 321 SS Specials on request

Vacuum jacket material options Pipe, welded, schedule 5, type 304 SS Convoluted flex, type 321 SS Specials on request

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VIP Design and construction

Materials Super-insulation

Multiple layers of cryogenic grade spacer paper and aluminum foil or double aluminized Mylar

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VIP Design and construction

Low conductivity spacers Multiple leg support of low conductivity

composite materials Low conductivity end connections

Bayonets are most common Field joint end transitions

Require welding together on-site

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VIP Design and construction When filled with LN2, SS inner pipe shrinks in

relation to outer (jacket) pipe. 0.003 inch per inch of length (0.72 / 20).

Bellows placed on inner line or outer jacket to compensate. Internal bellows

Easier for on site installation Protected from damage

External bellows Allows higher pressures Cleaner flow path

Invar inner pipe has extremely low shrink rate Bellows not required on lines shorter than 20

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VIP Design and construction Vacuum

All vacuum surfaces cleaned to remove contaminates Getters installed to maintain vacuum

Molecular sieve Palladium oxide

Helium mass spectrometer leak testing Heating during evacuation process Vacuum retention test prior to shipment

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VIP Design and construction Evacuation port

Annular space overpressure relief

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VIP Design and construction Optional Testing/Quality Measures

Radiographic inspection (5% of butt welds) Pressure test (each section) Inspection by ASME Authorized Inspector Dye penetrant testing Material traceability

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VIP Design considerations Cryogenic liquid

LN2 most applications LO2 requires special components & cleaning LHE requires special components & mfg LCO2 requires higher pressure & special

components

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VIP Design considerations

Design Pressure Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) What is the pressure required by the end use application

What is requirement right at point of use? What is the pressure drop through the pipe system? What is the pressure supply capability of the liquid

source? What is the pressure control capability of the liquid

source? Are there multiple use points/pressure requirements

within the system?

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VIP Design considerations

Flow requirements are used to size the pipes header and drop diameter sizes: What is the end-use applications flow requirements? Do the flow requirements change over time?

Change with pressure? How many use points are in the system? Will there be additional equipment added to the pipe

system in the future? Consider this flow in the sizing of the main header

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VIP - LN2 flow vs pipe size

Length equivalent is length of pipe plus fitting factors Valve = 40 feet / Elbow or tee = 20 feet / 1 foot flex = 3 feet One foot vertical rise = 0.35 psi pressure drop for nitrogen service Based on 5 psi pressure drop

140 GPM48 GPM25 GPM8 GPM1 GPM500160 GPM54 GPM28 GPM10 GPM2 GPM400185 GPM63 GPM32 GPM11 GPM2 GPM300

225 GPM78 GPM40 GPM14 GPM3 GPM200325 GPM110 GPM56 GPM20 GPM4 GPM100

3 PS2 PS1-1/2 PS1 PS PSLen Eq

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VIP Design considerations Routing

Define carefully because changes are difficult, time consuming and costly Useful to make the initial design, then re-visit the site with

the drawing to confirm the design will work Be careful of obstructions (vents, electrical, pipes, etc.)

Be sure to ask about any obstructions that may not be present at the time of design, but may be installed before the VIP is installed

Minimize fittings to control cost (elbows, tees, bayonets, etc.)and improve system flow performance

Flex can be used to make installation easier, or work around an obstruction such as a support beam, etc. Especially useful at connection points to the tank and/or

end use equipment

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VIP Design considerations Section lengths

Longer sections generally reduce total system cost and heat leak

20 foot sections are optimal for manufacturing and shipping

Consider installation issues Moving into building, lifting, walls, etc.

Consider shipping May consider section breaks in places to accommodate a

future addition in specific places There are some minimum dimensions for various fittings

based on manufacturing requirements

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VIP Design considerations Section connections

BayonetsShrink fit design - MVEClose tolerance design - CVIField joints

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VIP Design considerations

O-ring

Female bayonet (sectioned)Clamp

Shrink fit nose Male bayonet

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VIP Design considerations

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VIP Design considerations Vacuum jacketed valves

Y-PatternT-Pattern

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VIP Design considerations Non-jacketed cryogenic valves

Although they are not vacuum insulated, they still need to have an extended stem so that the resulting ice ball does not grow to the valve packing When valve packing gets too

cold, it could leak nitrogen to the environment

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VIP Design considerations

Gas traps Used in intermittent use drops to

control heat leak and frost. Allows use of non-VJ valves. Not recommended for high flow

applications due to its pressure drop Not recommended for continuous

use applications

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VIP Design considerations End connections

Bayonets Most efficient Easy to install

Pipe threads Will result in ice ball Readily available connections to various equipment

ANSI flanges Will result in ice ball Need to use low temperature gasket material

Pipe stub ends Will result in ice ball Requires welding on-site at installation

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VIP Design considerations Relief valves & risers

Relief valves are required in any spot where liquid can be trapped (between any two valves) Consider protection at the inlet and outlet of the pipe system

Does the supply/use equipment have protection? Confirm pressure rating of relief valve needed

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VIP Design considerations

Future expansion Less expensive to add futures than to modify

or replace system later Consider future expansion when sizing pipe Typically accommodated by placing a caped

bayonet at location where expansion may take place.

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VIP System Measurement Location of tank and use points Architectural structure of building Locate clearest path from tank to use points Establish elevations Design system with maximum length sections

minimizing elbows & tees Establish flow rates to support pipe sizing Establish use pattern

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VIP System Measurement Establish saturation pressure requirement at use

point Combine design, sizing and flow to establish

pressure drop Recommend tank operating pressure Measure and document the pipe routing Establish installation procedures and material /

equipment list

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VIP System Installation

Off loading the truck Watch for damage

Notify driver and document any damage immediately before driver leaves!

Consider checking section vacuums

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VIP System Installation

Reading the print and assembling the puzzle Isometric drawing not to scale Section numbers on print match section

numbers on labelsVS-1, VS-2, VS-3, etc

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VIP System Installation

Supports / hangers Support every 10 feet J-hangers or cushioned pipe clamps

Uni-strut (www.tyco-unistrut.com) Flex-strut (www.flexstrut.com)

External bellows pipe needs to be able to move along its axis

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VIP System Installation

Installation equipment & supplies Halocarbon grease to lubricate bayonet o-rings Standard hand tools (wrenches, small hammer) Consider need for manlift, forklift, crane Field joints require welding and evacuation

equipment

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VIP System Installation

Installation labor Generally need at least two people to install any

systemSystems with longer sections, bigger

diameters, many sections, welding, etc will require more people on-site

System with bayonets require less time and skill System with field joints require welding and

evacuation

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VIP System Installation Proper bayonet assembly

Clean and inspect bayonets Lubricate and install o-ring Engage bayonets (do not twist) Install V-retainer and tighten nut Bayonets should slide together easily

If it is difficult, it is likely due to not having the pipe sections aligned properly

Do NOT force them together

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VIP System Installation

Proper slope If the system contains a Cryovent to keep the

pipe filled with liquid, the pipe must rise continuously towards the Cryovent.Any gas bubbles must rise to the CryoventAny high spots will trap gasRise ~1 per 50

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VIP System Installation

Pressure / leak test Do not exceed MAWP of pipe If testing at more than 90% of MAWP,

temporarily replace relief valves Use clean, dry gas, preferably nitrogen Leak test all joints or do pressure decay test

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VIP System Installation

Start up Preferably isolate Cryovents Fill slowly to minimize pressure spike Open use point valves until there is a continuous

stream of liquid It will be several hours before system is stable Once system is stable, open cryovents

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VIP System Installation

Maintenance Monthly visual inspection of piping

Look for sweating, frost and leaksCheck relief valves (installed & set point)

If there are questions or issues, call ChartProvide PN and VS number from label

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VIP System Installation

Maintenance Before disconnecting any bayonet or

component, verify that all pressure has been released for the system.

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VIP Accessories Cryovent

Keeps the VIP system filled with LN2 during periods of no useage Provides quick response when the system needs

liquid Float driven valve Installed on tee, at highest point, near use point Pipe must rise continuously towards Cryovent

Gas bubbles must get to the Cryovent

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VIP Cryovent

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VIP Accessories APPS-160 Phase separator

Allows using a single storage tank to supply a high pressure GN2 application and a low pressure LN2 application Lowers pressure of LN2 Sits next to supply tank Outlet Feeds VIP system with

a vacuum insulated bayonet connection

Operates up to 50 psig 15 GPM max

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Python Pipe

Python Pipe Product Good alternative to foam insulated copper pipe 1 & 2 pipe size in stock, 3 special order Straight, rigid lengths from 2 to 20 (even feet) Flex sections with 6 of flex Pre-insulated cover kits in straight, elbow & tee

configurations

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Python Pipe

Higher heat leak means higher cost of operationEnd use system is much more efficient for customer, providing higher quality liquid and reducing losses

Foam insulation should be stripped off and re-applied to keep its efficiency

Extremely low maintenance

Plastic outer jacket and foam is easily damagedStainless steel outer jacket for durability and aesthetics

Over time will condense moisture on outer jacket and ultimately may grow mold

Will not condense moisture on outer jacket

Foam insulated pipe requires significantly larger OD for the insulation, requiring more space and higher cost of installation (wall penetrations and supports)

Smaller outer jacket means less space required for the installation and less cost for wall penetrations and pipe supports

As moisture leaks past the plastic cover, it soaks into the foam making it even less efficient. Eventually need to replace the foam!

Stainless steel outer jacket is not affected by moisture from ambient

Poor-moderate thermal performanceExcellent thermal performance (at least 5 times better than foam)

Foam Insulated PipePYTHON

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Standard Python Joints

T-joint

Elbow joint

Straight joint

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Python pipe

Design Inner & outer stainless steel pipe, schedule 5 Static vacuum factory evacuated and sealed Field welded, pipe stub end joints

All weld joints are insulated in the field 400 psig MAWP

External bellows design

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Python pipe

System design considerations Even foot increments Minimize joints to maximize efficiency Over-all length will shorten 3-1/2 per 100 when

filled with LN2Consider this when providing installation

Wall/roof penetrations Connections to equipment

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Python pipe

Installation Hang sections Weld joints (manual TIG on schedule 5 SS pipe) Leak test joints Install joint covers