linking land use and transportation to create a legacy

Linking Land Use & Transportation

Presented by:

Barbara Arens, PE, PTOE

Vice President PB Brad Strader, AICP, PTP

Managing Partner LSL Planning

LINKING LAND USE LINKING LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION AND TRANSPORTATION TO CREATE A LEGACYTO CREATE A LEGACY


Legacy = Bequest, Heritage

Linking transportation and land use canImprove safetyRevitalize areasSupport commerce/jobsAlter the environmentInfluence community health and quality of life

How will you make your mark?


Land Use Influences Transportation

Arrangement and density affects number, length, and type of trip:People living close to workCommercial and schools within walking distance of residentialResidential and employment densities that support transitIsolated land uses at low density


Transportation Can Influence Land Use

Street design Adding/removing parking Adding/removing lanes 1-way versus 2-way streets New roads or interchanges Add walking/biking paths Availability of transit, its

type Build By-Pass

Washtenaw Access Management Plan:

One-Way 3-to-2 Road Diet Concept

Charlotte, NCLight Rail


Transportation – Land Use Disconnect

Different agencies or departments

Different educational background

Different time horizons

Future land use: optimism versus reality

Separate planning processes/tools

Site Plan

Approvals

Public

Right-of-Way

Private

Properties

Road Agency

Permits


Land Use Tools to Reduce # and Length of Auto Trips

Compact walkable design Development where

transportation capacity exists or is programmed

Street connections Density, nodes and design to

support transit (TOD)


Mixed-Use Development/TOD Models need to

acknowledge the trip-making distinctions of different land use patterns

Diversity of housing, jobs & retail in close proximity

Complementary uses More walking and transit use 10-40% Internal Trip Capture May impact travel time


Typical Land Use PlanningExisting Uses/Traffic & Traffic for Planned Use= Traffic would increase 150%= Significant future congestionCommunity would not accept extent of widening needed

Transportation Improvements Plan

Ypsilanti Township, MI


Revised to Consider New Land Use

Arrangement as Part of Solution• Revised Future Land Use

Map• Rearranged land

uses/Shifted densities• LOS D in most cases• Community acceptance

Transportation Improvements Plan

(New) Ypsilanti Township, MI


How to Better Integrate Land Use with Transportation Planning

Local Future Local Future Land Use Land Use PlansPlans

EmploymeEmployment & nt & Household Household Projections Projections and Socio-and Socio-Economic Economic datadata

Projected Projected Deficiencies Deficiencies (congestion) (congestion) and and Alternatives Alternatives AnalysisAnalysis

Recommended Changes Recommended Changes – typically to add – typically to add capacitycapacity

•Long Range Transportation Plans assume community will develop per its plan

•Analyze macro, meso, & micro level

•Long Range Plans adopted by agency

•Tied to funding

•Fiscally constrained


Transportation Analysis Tools (Macro, Meso, and Micro)

Macroscopic Travel Demand

Forecasting Models

Mesoscopic Modelling

DTA Microscopic

Simulation Detailed MOEs

Traffic Analysis Tools

Crash Roadway and

Intersection Assessment

Travel Forecasting Models

Isolated intersection analyses

Microsimulation of network


PRIME CONNECTOR ACTIVITY | DESTINATION CORRIDOR

NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTOR BUSINESS CORRIDOR

COMMUTER | WORKHORSE CORRIDOR

1 – ½ MILE SIGNALS, 455’ DRIVE SPACING W/ SVC DRIVES

455’ SPACING, RETRO-FIT TO REDUCE # ESP. NEAR SIGNALS

RETRO-FIT AND NEW CROSS-ACCESS TO REDUCE #ESP. SIGNALS AND POOR OFFSETS

CONSTRUCT PATHWAYS ADD SIDEWALKS, CONNECT GAPSWIDEN SIDEWALKS, ADD PED SIGNALS,

CONNECT GAPS ESP. NEAR TRANSIT

DEMAND RESPONSEPARK AND RIDE

FIXED ROUTE MAJOR ROADSFREQUENT BUS, POTENTIAL EXPRESS BUS,

BRT/LRT/STREETCAR, TOD REDEVELOPMENT

TYPO

LOG

IES

Connectivity: Streets Designed for Land Use (Context) and Uses

ACCESS

N.M.

TRANSIT


Street Typologies

Local Streets (not shown)

TY

PO

LO

GIE

S


Boulevard / Commuter Corridor Urban Activity

CenterLocal Street

Target “LOS by Mode” by Street

LSL Planning / City of Lansing, MI Comprehensive Plan

Different Corridor Treatments

Medians – size & width Access control Super streets Intersection control

Roundabouts Stop signs Signals

Urban design (streetscape)

Bike lanes Traffic calming


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Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS)at Street Level

How does CSS apply to Streets? What are Complete Streets? How do these two Connect?

Complete Streets

Streets planned, designed and operated for all users, ages, and abilities

Interconnected network of roads, sidewalks, pathways & transit

Facilitate movement along and across streets

Match street design to user needs and context


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Streets have a “Place” Function

“There is magic to great streets. We are attracted to the best of them not because we have to go there but because we want to be there.”

-Allan B. Jacobs, Great Streets


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Great Places Have Great Streets

Accessibility

Attractiveness

Livability

Community

Interactions

Safety


21

Elements of Complete Streets

Connect to Land Use Walking Biking Lighting Traffic Management Transit Availability Street Furniture Landscaping People Places


22

Contextually Complete Streets & CSS

What is different about CONTEXTUALLY Complete Streets?

Context & Stakeholders Define What is Meant by “Complete”

One Size Does Not Fit All!


Contextually Complete Streets:

Approach

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Application of Context Sensitive Solutions to Complete Streets:

• Proactive Stakeholder Involvement

• Project Focused Inter-Disciplinary

Team

• Communication and Collaboration


Successful Contextually Complete Streets Have:

Urban Planners/Designers Environmental Landscape Architects Engineers

Civil Traffic Utility Lighting Drainage Construction Maintenance

Transit Pedestrians Cyclists Truckers Passenger Vehicles/Taxis Parking Agencies Law Enforcement/Fire

Departments Residents/Land Owners Businesses/Chamber of Commerce Citizen Groups Environmental Groups Utility Companies

Project-Focused Interdisciplinary Team

Proactive Stakeholder Involvement

24


25

Accommodating Transit Designing for Bikes &

Pedestrians The Grid Road Diets Managing Lanes Traffic Calming On-street Parking Green Treatments New Design Guidelines

Contextually Complete Streets: ToolsContextually Complete Streets: Tools


Road Diets – Reduce # of Lanes

Consider: Function & environment Traffic volumes (consider

for 8,500 – 24,000 vpd) Peak hour operations Crash types, all modes Impact on parallel roads

Space for amenities On-street parking Bike lanes More green space Washtenaw County Access

Management Plan: One-Way 3-to-2 Road Diet

Concept


Tools - Road Diets

27

Simple as re-striping Cost-effective Optional enhancements Enhances environment


Road Diet Concept

Surface arterial

“downscale”

Reduces through lanes

Adds turn lanes

May accommodate traffic

without widening

Improves safety

Community context

benefits 28

Smaller Can Be Better


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Tools – Bus Lanes Differentiated

Colored Pavements – “Painted Tracks” Provides Identity and branding of transit system Passive enforcement for vehicular motorists Way finding path to next station for patron


Tools - Designing for BicyclistsTools - Designing for Bicyclists

Bicycle racks

Bicycle lanes/Cycle track

Multi-use paths

Wider curb lane

Smooth surfaces

Regular maintenance

Curb inlets/bicycle-safe

grates

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Tools - Designing for PedestriansTools - Designing for Pedestrians

Removing pedestrian hazards Continuous sidewalks,

minimum 5 feet Curb extensions (bulb-outs) Median refuge islands Pedestrian crossings/signals Raised pavement Safe/Convenient transit stops Landscaping with good

visibility Adequate lighting

31Photo by Jennifer Rosales, PB


Applying all the Tools for Successful Complete Streets

New Jersey Route 9 Boulder, Colorado Ann Arbor, Michigan

Transportation Plan Update/University of Michigan

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Higher Density: Current Reality

New Jersey Route 9:Matching the Road to the Community

Higher Density: Future Concept


34

Boulder, CO

Known for Streets That are DestinationsKnown for Streets That are DestinationsKnown for Streets That are DestinationsKnown for Streets That are Destinations


35

Boulder, Colorado: All arterials should be multi-modal corridors for auto, pedestrian, bicycle, and transit use.

Case Study – Ann Arbor, MI City Transportation Plan Coordinated with transit

agency, university, city, county & MPO

Increased planned residential & employment density to encourage more transit/walking (TOD)

Planned transit corridors to serve major land use changes

Balanced investment in all modes and phased implementation


*Zupan and Pushkarev. 1977. Public Transportation and Land Use Policy.

TOD Corridor Overlay Zoning

Transit-Oriented Should Have

5-7+ Units per acre (bus) 25-40 employees +

residents per acre* Compact development Appropriate mix of uses

Transit-Oriented Should NOT have

Low density residential Deep building setbacks Auto related uses


Ann Arbor, MI Conclusion

Depending on part of town, implementation included: Increased bus service/park and ride facilities Road Diet locations identified Planned transit corridors to meet

community/University needs Key corridor redevelopment with signature

transit proposed/multi-modal network development

Short, Medium, and Long Range Implementation Plan (20 years) for all modes

New zoning regulations (TOD, Form-Based Code)


Leesburg Leesburg Crescent District Crescent District

Plan & Plan & Form-Based CodeForm-Based Code

Form-Based Codes

Regulates physical form, with a lesser focus on use

Defines the streetscape to ensure proper building : street relationship

Combines zoning regulations and street design standards into one code


Case Study: Birmingham Triangle Plan

Street redesign and parking to stimulate change

Urban Plan and Form-Based Code

Within two days of plan approval, submittal of plans for $25-million development and major mixed-use building

City of Birmingham Triangle Plan

Creating a Transportation Legacy

Understand current policies

& procedures Identify ways to integrate

decision-making Integrate land use and

transportation planning Audit regulations and update Evaluate current street design

standards Prioritize and invest in all modes

Opportunity to change our mindset. . . . . .from avoiding negatives to creating positives

Courtesy FMLA

What will you do to leave your legacy?


Contact Information

[email protected]

[email protected]

Brad Strader

Barbara

Arens

linking land use and transportation to create a legacy

Documents