linked open architectures for open government integrated knowledge for and about the enterprise cory...

Linked Open Architectures for Linked Open Architectures for Open GovernmentOpen Government

Integrated knowledge for and Integrated knowledge for and about the enterpriseabout the enterprise

Cory Casanave, PresidentModel Driven Solutions

Cory-c (at) ModelDriven (dot) comDC Semantic Web Meetup November 2009

Copyright © 2009, Model Driven Solutions, Inc. / ModelDriven.org

Fragmented KnowledgeFragmented Knowledge


One Unified Knowledge One Unified Knowledge BaseBase


Integrated as Part of the Global Integrated as Part of the Global Linked Open Data CloudLinked Open Data Cloud

Linked and Connected Knowledge has more valueTo your organization, to your supply chain and stakeholders


Why Linked Open Data Why Linked Open Data (LoD)? (LoD)?

Semantic Web and LoD CapabilitiesSemantic Web and LoD Capabilities A standards based “internet data model” using “RDF” & XMLA standards based “internet data model” using “RDF” & XML

Machine usable data, not just web pagesMachine usable data, not just web pages Anyone can say anything about anything, anywhereAnyone can say anything about anything, anywhere

Data usages that the data providers never anticipatedData usages that the data providers never anticipated Connect the dots between data setsConnect the dots between data sets

Existing standards (W3C, Etc), tools and communities Existing standards (W3C, Etc), tools and communities Flexible enough to adapt to almost any form of dataFlexible enough to adapt to almost any form of data Information remains managed at its sourceInformation remains managed at its source Queries and other analysis can combine arbitrary sets of data, Queries and other analysis can combine arbitrary sets of data,

anywhere and owned by anyone (with appropriate rights)anywhere and owned by anyone (with appropriate rights) Common and diverse vocabularies can be used together and Common and diverse vocabularies can be used together and

relatedrelated It isn’t perfect but;It isn’t perfect but;

What else do we have today with this capability set?What else do we have today with this capability set?


Architectures as DataArchitectures as Data

Architectures are critical government data assetsArchitectures are critical government data assets Business models, process models, service models, information Business models, process models, service models, information

models, rules, metadata, ontologies, technology models, models, rules, metadata, ontologies, technology models, schemaschema

There is an enormous asset in this existing architectural dataThere is an enormous asset in this existing architectural data Architectures describe government, how it works, its Architectures describe government, how it works, its

resources and servicesresources and services Architectures make other data more valuable – describing Architectures make other data more valuable – describing

data or how it was produceddata or how it was produced The most valuable architectures are models with a formal The most valuable architectures are models with a formal

meta model or schemameta model or schema Currently – most models are not web data accessible, they Currently – most models are not web data accessible, they

are trapped in tools and files. Models are not linkable.are trapped in tools and files. Models are not linkable. Viewed another way, Viewed another way, architecture models are just dataarchitecture models are just data – –

data to be federated, analyzed, queried, linked and mashed data to be federated, analyzed, queried, linked and mashed up – data to be published as LoDup – data to be published as LoD


What do we mean by What do we mean by Architectures?Architectures?

Anything that describes how things were, are our should be in a Anything that describes how things were, are our should be in a structured vocabulary, e.g.,structured vocabulary, e.g.,

Unified Model Language (UML)Unified Model Language (UML) Web Ontology Language (OWL)Web Ontology Language (OWL) Business Process Modeling Language (BPMN)Business Process Modeling Language (BPMN) DoD Architecture Framework (DoDAF)DoD Architecture Framework (DoDAF) Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA)Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) Systems Engineering (SySML)Systems Engineering (SySML) Value ChainsValue Chains Business PlansBusiness Plans Business Rules (SBVR)Business Rules (SBVR) Entity Relational Models (E/R)Entity Relational Models (E/R) SQL Schema (SQL)SQL Schema (SQL) XML Schema (XSD)XML Schema (XSD) Web Services Descriptions (WSDL)Web Services Descriptions (WSDL) Common Logic (CL)Common Logic (CL) Java or C APIsJava or C APIs Etc, Etc. Etc.Etc, Etc. Etc.

All of these forms of expression are used to describe related aspects of our enterprise, information and systems.Up to now we have not had a good way to look at them together.


Stakeholders deal with a plethora Stakeholders deal with a plethora of data, systems, policies and of data, systems, policies and

guidance guidance

DoD Example


Open Architectures Open Architectures for Open Governmentfor Open Government

TransparencyTransparency Transparency means visibility of information, this information Transparency means visibility of information, this information

includes the processes, resources, services, data descriptions includes the processes, resources, services, data descriptions and policies of government. This information is captured in and policies of government. This information is captured in various kinds of architecture, the most useful being various kinds of architecture, the most useful being architectures as modelsarchitectures as models

CollaborationCollaboration Collaboration requires an understanding between independent Collaboration requires an understanding between independent

parties, we have to understand what each has to offer in a parties, we have to understand what each has to offer in a common vocabulary and the rules of engagement – again, common vocabulary and the rules of engagement – again, captured in architecturescaptured in architectures

ParticipationParticipation Participation is transparency with collaboration. Moving Participation is transparency with collaboration. Moving

beyond human to human networking will require architectural beyond human to human networking will require architectural data about how to participatedata about how to participate

You can only leverage what you understand!


Current State: Architectures Current State: Architectures Models Are Trapped in Models Are Trapped in

StovepipesStovepipes

Information is unconnected, redundant and not usable outside its source

But, model files are not web assets and hard to connect

Architecture Models hold our enterprise Architectures, business processes and services, technology models,

SOA architectures, data schema and more


Architectures Published into Architectures Published into the Data Cloudthe Data Cloud

Visible architectures have more value!


Goal: Linked Open Goal: Linked Open ArchitecturesArchitectures

Federated Architectures Promotes Collaboration and Shared Resources

ServicesProcesses Data Policies


Semantically Federating Semantically Federating Multiple Viewpoints and Multiple Viewpoints and

StandardsStandards


Stakeholder ViewpointsStakeholder Viewpoints

Different stakeholders need

different views of the same information


Driven by BusinessDriven by Business


Driving Executable SystemsDriving Executable Systems


High Level PlanHigh Level Plan

Publish architecture models as LoD, in their Publish architecture models as LoD, in their original vocabulariesoriginal vocabularies

Provide Basic Capabilities to Query, Link and View Provide Basic Capabilities to Query, Link and View these Modelsthese Models

Roadmap to enhance valueRoadmap to enhance value Adopt & develop well defined “semantic hub” models, Adopt & develop well defined “semantic hub” models,

vocabularies of “shared concepts”, and use RULES to map vocabularies of “shared concepts”, and use RULES to map the raw architecture data to these hubs as “pivot points”the raw architecture data to these hubs as “pivot points”

Define viewpoints tuned to stakeholder needsDefine viewpoints tuned to stakeholder needs Develop various tools and techniques for querying, Develop various tools and techniques for querying,

viewing, federating and analyzing the data for various viewing, federating and analyzing the data for various stakeholders to enable visibility and collaborationstakeholders to enable visibility and collaboration

Provide for external comment and input for participationProvide for external comment and input for participation


Open Government Open Government StandardsStandards

Government Domain Task Force

Open Government Workgroup

http://gov.omg.org/gov-wg-opengov.htm


Architecture Model Architecture Model StandardsStandards

Object Management Group (OMG) has adopted many of the Object Management Group (OMG) has adopted many of the architecture modeling standardsarchitecture modeling standards XML Model Interchange (XML Model Interchange (XMIXMI) – Data Interchange for models ) – Data Interchange for models

(E.G. Eclipse EMF)(E.G. Eclipse EMF) Unified Modeling Language (UML)Unified Modeling Language (UML) Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) Service Oriented Modeling Language (SoaML)Service Oriented Modeling Language (SoaML) Etc…Etc…

There is an enormous asset in these modeling conceptsThere is an enormous asset in these modeling concepts All OMG and many other model tools interchange via All OMG and many other model tools interchange via XMIXMI

Goal 1 – Publish any/all XMI based models as web Linked Goal 1 – Publish any/all XMI based models as web Linked Open DataOpen Data All UML, BPMN, SoaML models become linked open data assetsAll UML, BPMN, SoaML models become linked open data assets

Architecture Publishing Architecture Publishing ExampleExample

UML Models as LoDUML Models as LoD


UML Model as DiagramsUML Model as Diagrams


UML Model as Data (In XMI)UML Model as Data (In XMI)

<packagedElement xmi:type="uml:Class" xmi:id="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085008046_755909_1129" name="Person"><ownedAttribute xmi:id="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086797281_712895_1295" name="SSN" visibility="public"> <type xmi:type="uml:PrimitiveType" href="pathmap://UML_LIBRARIES/UMLPrimitiveTypes.library.uml#String"/> <upperValue xmi:type="uml:LiteralUnlimitedNatural" xmi:id="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086815703_436260_1298" name="" value="1"/> <lowerValue xmi:type="uml:LiteralInteger" xmi:id="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086815703_523919_1297" name=""/> </ownedAttribute> <ownedAttribute xmi:id="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085716656_902161_1238" name="birth date" visibility="public" redefinedProperty="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085218109_95685_1220"> <type xmi:type="uml:PrimitiveType" href="pathmap://UML_LIBRARIES/UMLPrimitiveTypes.library.uml#String"/> </ownedAttribute> </packagedElement>

XMI for Person (In terms of UML)


UML Model as Data (In RDF)UML Model as Data (In RDF)

<packagedElement xmi:type="uml:Class" xmi:id="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085008046_755909_1129" name="Person"><ownedAttribute xmi:id="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086797281_712895_1295" name="SSN" visibility="public"> <type xmi:type="uml:PrimitiveType" href="pathmap://UML_LIBRARIES/UMLPrimitiveTypes.library.uml#String"/> <upperValue xmi:type="uml:LiteralUnlimitedNatural" xmi:id="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086815703_436260_1298" name="" value="1"/> <lowerValue xmi:type="uml:LiteralInteger" xmi:id="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086815703_523919_1297" name=""/> </ownedAttribute> <ownedAttribute xmi:id="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085716656_902161_1238" name="birth date" visibility="public" redefinedProperty="_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085218109_95685_1220"> <type xmi:type="uml:PrimitiveType" href="pathmap://UML_LIBRARIES/UMLPrimitiveTypes.library.uml#String"/> </ownedAttribute> </packagedElement>

XMI for Person expressed in UML terms

<umlrdf:Package.packagedElement> <umlrdf:Class rdf:about="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085008046_755909_1129"> <rdfs:label>Person</rdfs:label>

<umlrdf:StructuredClassifier.ownedAttribute> <umlrdf:Property rdf:about="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086797281_712895_1295"> <rdfs:label>SSN</rdfs:label> <umlrdf:NamedElement.visibility>public</umlrdf:NamedElement.visibility> <umlrdf:TypedElement.type rdf:resource="pathmap://UML_LIBRARIES/UMLPrimitiveTypes.library.uml#String"/> <umlrdf:MultiplicityElement.upperValue> <umlrdf:LiteralUnlimitedNatural rdf:about="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086815703_436260_1298"> <rdfs:label/> <umlrdf:LiteralUnlimitedNatural.value>1</umlrdf:LiteralUnlimitedNatural.value> <umlrdf:Element.owner xmlns:ecorerdf="http://www.eclipse.org/emf/2002/Ecore#" rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086797281_712895_1295"/> </umlrdf:LiteralUnlimitedNatural> </umlrdf:MultiplicityElement.upperValue> <umlrdf:MultiplicityElement.lowerValue> <umlrdf:LiteralInteger rdf:about="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086815703_523919_1297"> <rdfs:label/> <umlrdf:Element.owner xmlns:ecorerdf="http://www.eclipse.org/emf/2002/Ecore#" rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233086797281_712895_1295"/> </umlrdf:LiteralInteger> </umlrdf:MultiplicityElement.lowerValue> <umlrdf:Element.owner xmlns:ecorerdf="http://www.eclipse.org/emf/2002/Ecore#" rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085008046_755909_1129"/> </umlrdf:Property> </umlrdf:StructuredClassifier.ownedAttribute> <umlrdf:StructuredClassifier.ownedAttribute> <umlrdf:Property rdf:about="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085716656_902161_1238"> <rdfs:label>birth date</rdfs:label> <umlrdf:NamedElement.visibility>public</umlrdf:NamedElement.visibility> <umlrdf:Property.redefinedProperty rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085218109_95685_1220"/> <umlrdf:TypedElement.type rdf:resource="pathmap://UML_LIBRARIES/UMLPrimitiveTypes.library.uml#String"/> <umlrdf:Element.owner xmlns:ecorerdf="http://www.eclipse.org/emf/2002/Ecore#" rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233085008046_755909_1129"/> </umlrdf:Property> </umlrdf:StructuredClassifier.ownedAttribute> <umlrdf:Element.owner xmlns:ecorerdf="http://www.eclipse.org/emf/2002/Ecore#" rdf:resource="#_16_0_20ea04e0_1233083439203_181145_396"/> </umlrdf:Class> </umlrdf:Package.packagedElement>

RDF-XML for Person expressed in UML terms

Not intended to be read


RDF Repository (E.G. Anzo)

Publishing Architecture Models Publishing Architecture Models into the Data Cloudinto the Data Cloud

XMI BasedModels

Enterprise Knowledge Base(EKB)

Check In

(Subversion)

SPARQLEndpoint

RDF-LODResource

Open GovernmentData Cloud

StakeholderViewpoint(E.G. DRM)

(UML, BPMN, Etc)


Structural & Semantic Structural & Semantic MappingMapping

Structural MappingStructural Mapping Converts the data from source forms to an isomorphic representation Converts the data from source forms to an isomorphic representation

in RDFin RDF The original vocabulary and semantics are retainedThe original vocabulary and semantics are retained There is no data loss or interpretation, can be bi-directionalThere is no data loss or interpretation, can be bi-directional Simpler to build adapters - fully automatedSimpler to build adapters - fully automated But, data sources in different vocabularies is not integratedBut, data sources in different vocabularies is not integrated Consistent with LOD theme – just get the raw data, nowConsistent with LOD theme – just get the raw data, now

Semantic Mapping & LinkingSemantic Mapping & Linking Representations are linked between conceptual systems using different Representations are linked between conceptual systems using different

semantics and vocabulariessemantics and vocabularies Integrating information from multiple sourcesIntegrating information from multiple sources Requires an “interpretation” of the meaning of the semantics and there Requires an “interpretation” of the meaning of the semantics and there

can be data losscan be data loss Building adapters requires work for each kind of model or dataBuilding adapters requires work for each kind of model or data May be point-point or via shared concept “hubs”May be point-point or via shared concept “hubs” Hubs can be OWL, DoDAF or shared concept ontologiesHubs can be OWL, DoDAF or shared concept ontologies


Enterprise Knowledge BaseRDF Linked Open Data

Models in RDF using original vocabulary

EKB Structural & Semantic EKB Structural & Semantic MappingMapping

DoDAF-1 DoDAF-2

UML

XMLSchema

SQLSchema

WSDL

BPMN

E/R

DoDAF-1 DoDAF-2

UML

XMLSchema

SQLSchema

WSDL

BPMN

E/R

Models in their Native formats

Shared Concept

Hubs

Process

Services

Information

Rules

Goals

StructuralMapping

SemanticLinking

Both the isomorphic structural mappings and the normalizedshared concepts are maintained in the knowledge base

Architecture Data Architecture Data Integration ExamplesIntegration Examples

How linking architectures with How linking architectures with each other and with external each other and with external

data solves problemsdata solves problems


Different models may represent the Different models may represent the same enterprise – even the same same enterprise – even the same

informationinformationBut there are

usually structural

differences

How do we link these concepts?


Two ways to say the same Two ways to say the same thingthing

UML uses an arrow to say that a branch is a rental organization unit

E/R Uses “Nesting” to say that a branch is a rental organization unit

How do we know these both say

the same thing?

How do we know these both say

the same thing?

This becomes a “shared concept”


Federating Models & Data with Hub Federating Models & Data with Hub Ontologies & Mapping (Bridge Ontologies & Mapping (Bridge

Ontologies)Ontologies)

The World (Business & Technical Systems)

E/R RDF Models

E/R “RDF Schema”

MOF “Meta RDF Schema”

Uses Vocabulary

Uses Vocabulary

Models

UMLRDF Models

UML “RDF Schema”


Uses Vocabulary

Uses Vocabulary

Models

Federated ModelsFederated Data

Shared ConceptHub Ontology

Shared ConceptMeta Ontology

Uses Vocabulary

Models

Uses Vocabulary


Enterprise Knowledge Base

Configuration MgmtEclipseTortoise

Web-UIUser Views

FormsBrowseQuery

File Get/Put

Eclipse IDE

Sub

vers

ion

Inte

rfac

e Artifact Repository

Web UI Server

Transformation Example Transformation Example ((BPMN/UMLBPMN/UML))

Artifact / KB Integration

XM

L “R

est”

In

terf

ace

Knowledge Base

RDF KB

Inference & Rules

Transformation

Eclipse EMF Interface* Semantic Web Interface

BPMN

ProcessModel

BPMNModel

UMLModel

UML

Shared Concepts

Subversion


What You Can Do NowWhat You Can Do Now

Join the Open Source EKB ProjectJoin the Open Source EKB Project http://portal.modeldriven.org/project/EKBhttp://portal.modeldriven.org/project/EKB

Locate and Publish Your Architectures or Those of Locate and Publish Your Architectures or Those of Clients (With permission, of course)Clients (With permission, of course) Anything in XMI: UML, BPMN, XSD, FEA, UPDM, SysML, Anything in XMI: UML, BPMN, XSD, FEA, UPDM, SysML,

WSDL, Etc.WSDL, Etc. Note: There may be issues we will need to work throughNote: There may be issues we will need to work through

Create cool clients for the exposed Linked Open Create cool clients for the exposed Linked Open Data – consider making open source on Data – consider making open source on ModelDriven.orgModelDriven.org

Work with the community to link these models, in Work with the community to link these models, in various forms, to shared concept hub ontologiesvarious forms, to shared concept hub ontologies

http://portal.modeldriven.org/project/EKB


DemoDemo

Using the “Enterprise Knowledge Base”Using the “Enterprise Knowledge Base” Based on open source development by the GSA Based on open source development by the GSA

under the “OsERA” programunder the “OsERA” program Note that this is a proof of concept, not a Note that this is a proof of concept, not a

pretty demopretty demo http://http://portal.modeldriven.orgportal.modeldriven.org/project/EKB/project/EKB

Start with UML ModelStart with UML Model RDF-XML Representation after publicationRDF-XML Representation after publication Browse in RDF RepositoryBrowse in RDF Repository View as Data Reference Model (DRM)View as Data Reference Model (DRM)





Summary of Publishing Summary of Publishing ModelsModels

Join Join http://portal.modeldriven.org/project/EKBhttp://portal.modeldriven.org/project/EKB On the demonstration server:On the demonstration server:

http://ekb.modeldriven.org/index.htmlhttp://ekb.modeldriven.org/index.html Request a contributor registrationRequest a contributor registration

Install a “Subversion” clientInstall a “Subversion” client http://tortoisesvn.net/http://tortoisesvn.net/

Based on the URL in the email from registration, do an SVN Based on the URL in the email from registration, do an SVN checkout to an empty directorycheckout to an empty directory

Copy model file(s) into the directoryCopy model file(s) into the directory Do an SVN checkinDo an SVN checkin Look for your model as LOD on the EKB model browserLook for your model as LOD on the EKB model browser

http://ekb.modeldriven.org/modelPro/modelBrowser?http://ekb.modeldriven.org/modelPro/modelBrowser?report=index.htmlreport=index.html


http://ekb.modeldriven.org/index.html

http://tortoisesvn.net/


ResourcesResources

Open Linked DataOpen Linked Data http://linkeddata.org/http://linkeddata.org/

Semantic Web @ W3CSemantic Web @ W3C http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/

OMG Open Government Working GroupOMG Open Government Working Group http://gov.omg.org/gov-wg-opengov.htmhttp://gov.omg.org/gov-wg-opengov.htm

Wiki for data.gov data in RDF (Jim Hendler)Wiki for data.gov data in RDF (Jim Hendler) http://data-gov.tw.rpi.edu/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://data-gov.tw.rpi.edu/wiki/Main_Page

GAIN Initiative (Open Government, Open Linked Data and Architecture) GAIN Initiative (Open Government, Open Linked Data and Architecture) http://portal.modeldriven.org/project/GAINhttp://portal.modeldriven.org/project/GAIN

Linked Open Architectures DemoLinked Open Architectures Demo http://portal.modeldriven.org/project/EKBhttp://portal.modeldriven.org/project/EKB

Cory Casanave (Presenter)Cory Casanave (Presenter) Cory-c (at) modeldriven (dot com)Cory-c (at) modeldriven (dot com)

Tom Digre (Presenter)Tom Digre (Presenter) Tom-d (at) modeldriven (dot com)Tom-d (at) modeldriven (dot com)

This PresentationThis Presentation http://lib.modeldriven.org/MDLibrary/trunk/Pub/Presentations/MEETUP_OpenGovernmentArchitectures.ppt

http://linkeddata.org/

http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/

http://gov.omg.org/gov-wg-opengov.htm

http://data-gov.tw.rpi.edu/wiki/Main_Page

http://portal.modeldriven.org/project/GAIN



Open Modeling Community•EKB•ModelPro•GAIN Initiative•fUML

Architecture Services•Service Oriented Architecture•Business Process Modeling•Semantic Web•Enterprise Architecture•Business Architecture•Systems Architecture•Model Driven Architecture

Thank You!Thank You!

http://www.modeldriven.com

Cory CasanaveTom Digre

More DetailsMore Details

Backup SlidesBackup Slides


Enterprise Knowledge Base Enterprise Knowledge Base (EKB)(EKB)

Based on work for the GSABased on work for the GSA Open Source eGov Reference Architecture (OSERA)Open Source eGov Reference Architecture (OSERA)

George Thomas & Rick MurphyGeorge Thomas & Rick Murphy Continuing work under ModelDriven.orgContinuing work under ModelDriven.org

Being completed for open source release (In limited alpha Being completed for open source release (In limited alpha release)release)

A public model server is be deployedA public model server is be deployed Check in any model, published as LOD-RDFCheck in any model, published as LOD-RDF

Underlying TechnologiesUnderlying Technologies Anzo RDF RepositoryAnzo RDF Repository Eclipse & Eclipse EMFEclipse & Eclipse EMF OMG XMI & UMLOMG XMI & UML XSLTXSLT


OM

G S

tand

ard

XM

I R

epre

sent

atio

n

Mapping Meta Levels & Mapping Meta Levels & OntologiesOntologies

UML Models(I.E. CRR)


UML “Meta Model”

MOF “Meta Meta Model”

Uses Vocabulary

Uses Vocabulary

Models

Link

ed O

pen

RD

F R

epre

sent

atio

n

UML RDF Models(I.E. CRR)



Uses Vocabulary

Uses Vocabulary

Models


Federating Models & Data with Hub Federating Models & Data with Hub Ontologies & Mapping (Bridge Ontologies & Mapping (Bridge

Ontologies)Ontologies)


E/R RDF Models

E/R “RDF Schema”


Uses Vocabulary

Uses Vocabulary

Models

UMLRDF Models



Uses Vocabulary

Uses Vocabulary

Models

Federated ModelsFederated Data

Shared ConceptHub Ontology

Shared ConceptMeta Ontology

Uses Vocabulary

Models

Uses Vocabulary

Roadmap &Roadmap &Wish ListWish List

The Following are Ideas for Expanding on the The Following are Ideas for Expanding on the Basic EKB, Some are in Process, Some are just Basic EKB, Some are in Process, Some are just

ideasideas

Thoughts on Priority and Approach Is SolicitedThoughts on Priority and Approach Is Solicited


Where we are…Where we are…Publishing Models In LoD/RDFPublishing Models In LoD/RDF

What is doesWhat is does There is a very direct structural mapping between the OMG Standard for model There is a very direct structural mapping between the OMG Standard for model

interchange (XMI) and RDF representation of a modelinterchange (XMI) and RDF representation of a model This mapping is isomorphic (no information loss in either direction)This mapping is isomorphic (no information loss in either direction) Any XMI model (UML, BPMN, Etc) can be automatically and isomorphic mapped Any XMI model (UML, BPMN, Etc) can be automatically and isomorphic mapped

to RDF as Linked Open Datato RDF as Linked Open Data Models become part of the open linked data cloudModels become part of the open linked data cloud Everything is mapped, not a subsetEverything is mapped, not a subset

What it doesn’t doWhat it doesn’t do The vocabulary and meta model of the source is retained, this publishes the The vocabulary and meta model of the source is retained, this publishes the

model data as LOD, it does not do a semantic mappingmodel data as LOD, it does not do a semantic mapping Semantic mapping is a separate step – but a step we know how to doSemantic mapping is a separate step – but a step we know how to do It also doesn’t provide cool user interfaces tuned to the stakeholders needs with It also doesn’t provide cool user interfaces tuned to the stakeholders needs with

viewpointsviewpoints It doesn’t provide for provenance or versioning, however some of this is in the It doesn’t provide for provenance or versioning, however some of this is in the

infrastructure capabilityinfrastructure capability It doesn’t provide for an easy to use “information appliance”It doesn’t provide for an easy to use “information appliance”


Semantic Mapping & LinkingSemantic Mapping & Linking

GoalGoal Provide the core capability to map between different ontologies Provide the core capability to map between different ontologies

representing the same things using different vocabularies and structuresrepresenting the same things using different vocabularies and structures Provide the capability to project “views” and “viewpoints” of these Provide the capability to project “views” and “viewpoints” of these

vocabularies based on the needs and preference of particular kinds of vocabularies based on the needs and preference of particular kinds of stakeholders. Be able to map to different terminology, data structures stakeholders. Be able to map to different terminology, data structures and visualizationsand visualizations

Provide the capability to make links between architectures “sourced” Provide the capability to make links between architectures “sourced” from these different vocabularies and query/analyze across the entire KB from these different vocabularies and query/analyze across the entire KB in any viewpointin any viewpoint

CapabilityCapability Define how various forms of expression, configurations, shared concept Define how various forms of expression, configurations, shared concept

ontologies and resources are related using mapping and linkingontologies and resources are related using mapping and linking Provide mapping technology, probably built on rules, capable of providing Provide mapping technology, probably built on rules, capable of providing

the connections between these different forms of expression, viewpoints, the connections between these different forms of expression, viewpoints, configurations and shared concept ontologiesconfigurations and shared concept ontologies

Make concept mapping something anyone can doMake concept mapping something anyone can do Integrate mapping, configurations, shared concepts and mapping into the Integrate mapping, configurations, shared concepts and mapping into the

EKB server environmentEKB server environment


Views and ViewpointsViews and Viewpoints

Define the concepts of views and viewpointsDefine the concepts of views and viewpoints Define how data structures in support of viewpoints relates Define how data structures in support of viewpoints relates

to ontologies without specific structureto ontologies without specific structure Support structural views that map to “traditional” XMLSupport structural views that map to “traditional” XML Create tooling that provides a simple to use web based Create tooling that provides a simple to use web based

interface for a view with various options to visualize the interface for a view with various options to visualize the view dataview data

Provide “default” user interfaces based on a simple Provide “default” user interfaces based on a simple structural definition of a viewpoint. Allow the user interface structural definition of a viewpoint. Allow the user interface to then be customized based on the users configuration. to then be customized based on the users configuration. Provide for “plugins” that enhance the users experienceProvide for “plugins” that enhance the users experience

Make the UI cool, effective and fun to useMake the UI cool, effective and fun to use


Categorization and ContextCategorization and Context

Be able to categorize and understand the Be able to categorize and understand the context of information in the EKBcontext of information in the EKB

Be able to categorize or contextualize Be able to categorize or contextualize anything across any number of dimensionsanything across any number of dimensions

Be able to relate categories and context to Be able to relate categories and context to configurations and viewpointsconfigurations and viewpoints

Use the “publisher’s” resource ID and Use the “publisher’s” resource ID and storage hierarchy as one context, but not storage hierarchy as one context, but not the only onethe only one

Be able to browse resources by categories Be able to browse resources by categories and contextand context


Shared Concept OntologiesShared Concept Ontologies

To avoid point-point mapping, provide “hub” ontologies that normalize like To avoid point-point mapping, provide “hub” ontologies that normalize like concepts between different vocabularies and data structures represented in concepts between different vocabularies and data structures represented in RDFRDF

Provide LOD links between the shared concept and external vocabulary Provide LOD links between the shared concept and external vocabulary specific representations of the same concepts. Be able to understand when specific representations of the same concepts. Be able to understand when different resources represent the same thing in different ways.different resources represent the same thing in different ways.

Build tooling to map external (non normalized) models into and out of these Build tooling to map external (non normalized) models into and out of these hubshubs

Provide tools that are able to browse, search and analyze models that have Provide tools that are able to browse, search and analyze models that have been combined in a configuration through the shared concept hubsbeen combined in a configuration through the shared concept hubs

Include concepts forInclude concepts for Information, Services, Processes, Rules, Goals, Resources, Context, Security, Information, Services, Processes, Rules, Goals, Resources, Context, Security,

Metadata, Etc.Metadata, Etc. Consider existing ontologies (such as SKOS) as candidates for hubs. Consider existing ontologies (such as SKOS) as candidates for hubs. Understand where there will be different representations of information about Understand where there will be different representations of information about

the same real-world thing that may be in different forms of expression and the same real-world thing that may be in different forms of expression and sourced from different authorities. Be able to manage and analyze these sourced from different authorities. Be able to manage and analyze these differing opinions about the same thing in a configuration.differing opinions about the same thing in a configuration.

Define a UML profile in which do manage the shared conceptsDefine a UML profile in which do manage the shared concepts


Grounding in VocabulariesGrounding in Vocabularies

GoalGoal To be able to use existing resources that define terms and To be able to use existing resources that define terms and

concepts as the “grounding point” for modelsconcepts as the “grounding point” for models Be able to relate independently conceived models using these Be able to relate independently conceived models using these

grounding pointsgrounding points Use these as or to define shared conceptsUse these as or to define shared concepts

CapabilityCapability Be able to use Wordnet, DBPedia and similar resources as Be able to use Wordnet, DBPedia and similar resources as

existing shared concept grounding pointsexisting shared concept grounding points Instead of “typing labels” make it possible to use these Instead of “typing labels” make it possible to use these

existing identified concepts as the names of elementsexisting identified concepts as the names of elements Provide the capability to register and share new identified Provide the capability to register and share new identified

conceptsconcepts Provide the capability to make composite concepts, essentially Provide the capability to make composite concepts, essentially

phrases, out of simpler onesphrases, out of simpler ones


Provenance and VersioningProvenance and Versioning

Track the provenance of all information in the EKBTrack the provenance of all information in the EKB Track the versions of all information in the EKB and be able to relate Track the versions of all information in the EKB and be able to relate

versions to specific change made for specific reasons by specific peopleversions to specific change made for specific reasons by specific people For each “fact” (triple or small set of triples), be able to understand the For each “fact” (triple or small set of triples), be able to understand the

history and provenience of that fact even as the facts are seen through history and provenience of that fact even as the facts are seen through various queries, configurations, views and context.various queries, configurations, views and context.

Differentiate information for which the EKB is the system of record and Differentiate information for which the EKB is the system of record and information “owned” elsewhereinformation “owned” elsewhere

Initially, allow for information edits where the EKB is the system of recordInitially, allow for information edits where the EKB is the system of record Ultimately, be able to modify external information and synchronize it Ultimately, be able to modify external information and synchronize it

back to the external system of record automatically and with change back to the external system of record automatically and with change controlcontrol

Be able to accept and understand where different authorities will have Be able to accept and understand where different authorities will have different and sometimes conflicting information about the same thing. different and sometimes conflicting information about the same thing. Be able to analyze these differences and similarities.Be able to analyze these differences and similarities.

Provide correlation of statements in the model with external structured Provide correlation of statements in the model with external structured and unstructured resourcesand unstructured resources


Information UpdateInformation Update

Provide the capability to update the knowledge Provide the capability to update the knowledge base from web based viewsbase from web based views

Make sure that the updated information is Make sure that the updated information is compliant with the constraints of the defined compliant with the constraints of the defined knowledge baseknowledge base

Update information in resources based on the Update information in resources based on the users configurationusers configuration

Manage information where the EKB is the system Manage information where the EKB is the system of record for the dataof record for the data

Where the WKB is not the system of record, Where the WKB is not the system of record, synchronize data back into the source artifactssynchronize data back into the source artifacts


Information ApplianceInformation Appliance

Make it very easy to create new data formats in Make it very easy to create new data formats in the EKB. It should easier than creating a spread the EKB. It should easier than creating a spread sheetsheet

Be able to use a default UI or enhanced UI to Be able to use a default UI or enhanced UI to manage both tables and forms using this manage both tables and forms using this informationinformation

Provide the capability to “ground” the information Provide the capability to “ground” the information in shared concepts so that is linkable with other in shared concepts so that is linkable with other data in the EKBdata in the EKB

Provide simple query and reporting for the Provide simple query and reporting for the information appliance that can access both the information appliance that can access both the users data as well as any data in the EKBusers data as well as any data in the EKB


Social ArchitectureSocial Architecture

Create a wiki-like environment where stakeholders can work as a Create a wiki-like environment where stakeholders can work as a community to define their architecturescommunity to define their architectures

Provide for “approved” spaces as well as those that are more openProvide for “approved” spaces as well as those that are more open Make it easy to find and understand an architectural concept. Make it easy to find and understand an architectural concept.

Show information about that concept that is a projection of the Show information about that concept that is a projection of the underlying conceptsunderlying concepts

Make it easy to comment on as well as update the architectural Make it easy to comment on as well as update the architectural content. content.

Use the architectural wiki as a basis for a community of interest to Use the architectural wiki as a basis for a community of interest to define common concepts, terms, data, processes, etc.define common concepts, terms, data, processes, etc.

Provide for authorities that can approve content for publication Provide for authorities that can approve content for publication under that authorityunder that authority

Integrate well with other social mediaIntegrate well with other social media Make it natural to use bits and pieces of other architectures when Make it natural to use bits and pieces of other architectures when

building a new onebuilding a new one


Format AdaptersFormat Adapters

Provide import/export capability for more Provide import/export capability for more data formats, includingdata formats, including DoDAFDoDAF FEA / Federal Segment ArchitecturesFEA / Federal Segment Architectures SQLSQL Language Interfaces and Data StructuresLanguage Interfaces and Data Structures Knowledge Discovery Model (KDM)Knowledge Discovery Model (KDM) ExcelExcel Etc…Etc…

Integrate the formats with shared Integrate the formats with shared conceptsconcepts


Architecture ValidationArchitecture Validation

Provide the capability to express a Provide the capability to express a set of rules to validate a complex set of rules to validate a complex architectural configurationarchitectural configuration

Provide tooling that evaluates a Provide tooling that evaluates a configuration for compliance with configuration for compliance with this set of rulesthis set of rules

Provide tools that are able to query, Provide tools that are able to query, track and report on compliance track and report on compliance levelslevels


Model ServerModel Server

Besides the current “file oriented” SVN Besides the current “file oriented” SVN interface to populate the EKB, provide an API interface to populate the EKB, provide an API for managing models that is practical as the for managing models that is practical as the back end to viewpoint specific tooling, such back end to viewpoint specific tooling, such as UML, BPMN or OWL toolsas UML, BPMN or OWL tools

Provide versions of that API for various Provide versions of that API for various technologies, including Java, PHP and Python.technologies, including Java, PHP and Python.

Support the Eclipse EMF API such that Support the Eclipse EMF API such that existing eclipse tooling can utilize the EKB existing eclipse tooling can utilize the EKB without changewithout change


Executable ModelsExecutable Models

Where models represent executable systems, provide Where models represent executable systems, provide a dynamic engine that is able to execute the models a dynamic engine that is able to execute the models as represented in shared conceptsas represented in shared concepts

Provide external integration into the runtime system Provide external integration into the runtime system by way of standard WSDL and REST interfaces as well by way of standard WSDL and REST interfaces as well as data query. Provide for plug-in capabilities such as data query. Provide for plug-in capabilities such that anything expressible in external languages, such that anything expressible in external languages, such as Java, can be added to the runtime system and as Java, can be added to the runtime system and called from the executing modelscalled from the executing models

Utilize process/workflow models to direct the Utilize process/workflow models to direct the workflow though the system and system user workflow though the system and system user interfaceinterface


Model ConversionModel Conversion

Provide the capability to map between external Provide the capability to map between external standards and file formatsstandards and file formats

Use a sync/merge method to be able to either create Use a sync/merge method to be able to either create or update artifacts in these external formsor update artifacts in these external forms

Allow for modeling styles to effect how concepts are Allow for modeling styles to effect how concepts are “lifted” from shared concepts to viewpoint specific “lifted” from shared concepts to viewpoint specific onesones

Track the versions of each artifact Track the versions of each artifact Optionally, create default diagrams and other Optionally, create default diagrams and other

derivative information when creating or updating derivative information when creating or updating external formatsexternal formats

ExamplesExamples UML<>BPMN, UML<>OWL, BPMN<>SBVR, UML<>ER, UML<>BPMN, UML<>OWL, BPMN<>SBVR, UML<>ER,

OWL<>EROWL<>ER

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