linguistics 183, class slides, week 6, day 1i had a dream last night. i dreamt last night. ......
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LINGUISTICS 183 WEEK 6
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Valdyan/Ilaini by Irina RemptHanleni halsen varyenan laynat Daysinen verein idanla le listat
Havien hinla laziena forat Culea rachleni arlea a chalat?
“The song of the starlings speaks of heroic deeds In the morning rain the heron does its laundry
In the night the lark worships the stars Who sees the true nature of birds?”
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/s/ > [ʃ] / #_
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/s/ > [ʃ] / #_
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TRANSLATION
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Translation ≠ Writing
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Generally, one can translate from one language to
another, even if one has to use more words or non-
standard words.
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Generally, one can translate from one language to
another, even if one has to use more words or non-
standard words.
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Este cuarto tiene cuatro rincones y cuatro esquinas.
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This room has four corners and four corners.
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1 2
34
5 6
78
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This room has four inside corners and four outside
corners.
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Frequency
rincónesquinainside corneroutside corner
4/1,000 4/1,000 0.0004/1,000 0.0004/1,000
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He banged his hip on the corner of the desk.
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wonderfulmarvelousawesomeincrediblefantasticterrific
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That’s a wonderful book.That’s a marvelous book.That’s an awesome book.That’s an incredible book.That’s a fantastic book.That’s a terrific book.
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That’s a wonderful book.That’s a marvelous book.That’s an awesome book.That’s an incredible book.That’s a fantastic book.That’s a terrific book.
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Dude, that’s a marvelous laptop!
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Dude, that’s a sick laptop!
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Dude, that’s an awesome laptop!
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maravillosoincreíblefantástico
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marvelous ≠ maravilloso
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The ProblemIf you write in English and go to translate the English,
you’re going to be translating English
sentences/word choices.
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The Problem
Dude, that’s an awesome laptop!
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The Problem
Dude, that’s an awesome laptop!
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The Problem
awesome (adj.) delvek, asanek, misek
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The Problem
marvelous (adj.) asanek, delvek, kilek
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The Problem
Delvek (#1 definition of “awesome”) used in mainly religious contexts; not as
common.
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The Problem
Asanek (#1 definition of “marvelous”) used more commonly amongst all
people.
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The Problem
Kilek (#3 definition of “marvelous”) used more often by young people; uncommon elsewhere.
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The Problem
By choosing “delvek”, the translator has mapped
English frequency onto the new language.
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Consequence 1
Dothrakiathirarido (n.) dream
thirat atthiraride (v.) to dream
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Consequence 1Dothraki
Atthirarido m’anhoon she jalan.
/dream with-me in night/“I had a dream last night.”
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Consequence 1
DothrakiThir atthiraride she jalan.
/lived dream at night/“I dreamt last night.”
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Consequence 1
EnglishI had a dream last night.
I dreamt last night.✅
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Consequence 1
DothrakiI had a dream last night.
I dreamt last night.✅
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Consequence 1
Both Dothraki strategies are perfectly grammatical.
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Consequence 1The English translation
biases the translator, with the result being that the
Dothraki is more anglophone.
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Consequence 2
Dothrakinhazhof (n.) a situation/
problem that’s more trouble than it’s worth
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Consequence 2Dothraki
lanlekhi (n.) when you eat one of something, and then you immediately want to eat
more for a while
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Consequence 2
Dothrakiazhkemokan (n.) gift given
specifically to a bride on her wedding day
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Consequence 2
Out of sight, out of mind.
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Consequence 2Translating from English,
you end up using the conlang vocab most readily
and easily translated to English.
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Consequence 2
Composing in English you get the same problem.
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Consequence 2
A native speaker has the words in mind and can use them at will. A non-native
speaker doesn’t.
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Common Conlang Problem
Conlangers often forget the cool words they create that
don’t easily translate to English.
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Solution
Better tagging!
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Solution
prūmia (n.) heart
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Solution
prūmia [ˈpruː.mia] (n.) heart
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Solution
prūmia [ˈpruː.mia] (n.l) heart
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Solution
prūm·ia, -ī, -ȳn, -iar [ˈpruː.mia] (n.l) heart
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Solution
prūm·ia, -ī, -ȳn, -iar (prumia, prūmia) [ˈpruː.mia] (n.l) heart
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Solution
prūm·ia, -ī, -ȳn, -iar (prumia, prūmia) [ˈpruː.mia] (n.l) {00}
heart
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Solution{00} = basic{10} = technical/artsy{01} = potentially insulting{11} = uncommon insult
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Solution{00} = hero{10} = nonpareil{01} = jerk{11} = Philistine
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Solution
More complexity possible: You just have to remember
your system.
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Solution
daoriot jem·agon (vp.) {00}* to not matter (to s/o, use the
[com.])
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Your Translation
Let us discuss!
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Your Translation
Create/write some connected narrative.
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Your Translation
• Creation myth.• Origin of writing.• Origin of plant/animal/place.
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Your Translation
• Battle with other nation.• Great deed by great leader.• Founding of the nation.• Hero story.
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Your Translation
• Ghost/taboo story.• Marriage/birth/death rite.• Disaster tale.
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Tonight!
1.PA 24: Post what kind of story you’re doing in the #asoiaf channel.
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