LIFE SPAN

DEVELOPMENTPAMELA K. NOBLE

EDUC 600

DR. ALBRIGHT

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY

DEVELOPMENT DEFINED

Systematic changes and continuities from conception to end of life.

GREENWOOD DICTIONARY

NEWBORN

• CONCEPTION

• PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

• THE COMPETENT NEWBORN

INFANCY & CHILDHOODBirth-Two Years

• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

• PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

• MORAL DEVELOPMENT

• ATTACHMENT

CHILD DEVELOPMENT SUMMARYINFANTS COGNITIVE

DEVELOPMENTSOCIO-

EMOTIONAL

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

TODDLERS I CAN FEEL AND TASTE I BABBLE, BUT SCARED IF I DON’T KNOW WHO YOU ARE

I LIKE TO MOVE MY LEGS AND I GRAB FOR THINGS

THAT LOOK PLEASING

PRE-SCHOOLERS I CAN POINT TO MY BODY PARTS & SPEAK AT LEAST 300

WORDS

I LIKE HAVING MY WAY ALL THE TIME

I JUMP, STUMBLE AND FALL

GRADE-SCHOOLERS

I TALK TO MUCH AND LAUGH WHEN I HEAR

FUNNY RHYMES

I LIKE MY FRIENDS BUT I GET SAD WHEN THEY ARE

GONE

I LIKE TO IMITATE ADULTS

ADOLESCENCE & ADULTHOOD

ADOLESCENCE • Physical Development

• Cognitive Development

• Social Development

• Emerging Adulthood

Twelve-Twenty Years

ADULTHOOD• Physical Development

• Cognitive Development

• Social Development

Early: Twenty-Forty Years

Mid: Forty-Sixty Years

Late: Sixty-Five and Beyond

DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES

Biological Processes

Cognitive Processes

Socioemotional Processes

Human Development is influenced by simultaneously occurring changes in each of these three areas.

INTERDEPENDENT PROCESSES

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, "Development is the product of

the elaborate interplay of biological, psychological, and social influences." In other words, as children develop

physically, their psychomotor controls increase along with their brain function which in turn, helps them become

more sophisticated cognitively. Furthermore, they become more adept at thinking about and acting upon their

environment. So, these physical and cognitive changes sequentially, allow them to develop socio-emotional bonds with other people while forming their own individual identities. Hence, as described by the HHS, human

development is "a lifelong process of growth, maturation, and change.“

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE THEORIST

• ERIK ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIST

Believed that development is life-long. Identified 8 stages: Basic trust vs mistrust (birth - 1 year) Autonomy vs shame and doubt (ages 1-3) Initiative vs guilt (ages 3-6) Industry vs inferiority (ages 6-11) Identity vs identity confusion (adolescence) Intimacy vs isolation (young adulthood) Generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood) Integrity vs despair (the elderly)

DEVELOPEMENTAL STAGE THEORIST

CONT…

• JEAN PIAGET COGNITIVE THEORIST

Children "construct" their understanding of the world through their active involvement and interactions.

Studied his 3 children to focus not on what they knew but how they knew it.

Described children's understanding as their "schemas” and how they use:

assimilation accommodation.

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE THEORIST

CONT….

• LEV VYGOTSKYSocio-Cultural Theorist

Agreed that children are active learners, but their knowledge is socially constructed.

Cultural values and customs dictate what is important to learn. Children learn from more expert members of the society. Vygotsky described the "zone of proximal development", where

learning occurs.

CONSEQUENCES

It is critical that all three developmental processes occur naturally because when a person does not successfully master one or more of the developmental stages .

A child who fails to achieve basic milestones of physical development may be diagnosed with a developmental delay.

A child with a learning disability may fail to master the complex cognitive processes of a typical adolescent.

A middle-aged adult who does not successfully resolve Erikson's stage of generativity versus stagnation may experience "profound personal stagnation, masked by a variety of escapisms, such as alcohol and drug abuse.

IN CONCLUSION, we are unique and complex individuals and as such we must tackle each developmental tasks that confronts us at every age.

You shall teach them to your children, talking of them when you are sitting in your house, and when you are walking by the way, and when

you lie down, and when you rise.

Deuteronomy 11:19

REFERENCES

• Collins, J. (2003). The Greenwood dictionary of education. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.

• Feldman, R. (2006). Infancy. In Development across the life span (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River,

N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

• Http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/chapter2/sec4.html. (n.d.).