life science biofiles - sigma-aldrich such as albumin secretion, glycogen accumulation, ... be...
TRANSCRIPT
Stem cells treated with drug candidates generate distinct metabolite profiles aiding in predictive assessment of cellular toxicity
Volume 3, Number 7
BioFilesLife Science
Stem Cell Models for Drug Discovery and Metabolomics Research
Stemline® Stem Cell Media
Stem Cell Reagents and Antibodies
Drug Discovery
Metabolite Libraries
Stable Isotope Labeled Metabolites
Metabolite Chromatographic Analysis
2
Life Science
BioFilesVolume 3, Number 7
Table of Contents
Introduction .........................................................3
Stemline® Stem Cell Media .................................5
Stem Cell Reagents and Antibodies ....................6 Reagents ............................................................ 6 Antibodies .......................................................... 8
Drug Discovery ..................................................10 DiscoveryCPR: Discover with Custom
Packaged Pharmacologically Active Compounds and Metabolites ........................... 10
LOPAC™1280: Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds ........................................... 11
Metabolite Libraries ..........................................12 Amino Acid Metabolite Library ........................ 13 Carbohydrate Metabolite Library ..................... 14 Lipid Metabolite Library ................................... 15 New Metabolites From Sigma-Aldrich.............. 16
Stable Isotope Labeled Metabolites .................17 Labeled Compounds for
Lipid Metabolism Research .............................. 18 Other Stable Isotope Labeled Metabolites ....... 19
Metabolite Chromatographic Analysis ..............20 Ascentis® Express HILIC from Supelco® ............ 20
CHROMASOLV® Solvents .................................. 21 CHROMASOLV LC-MS ................................. 21
CHROMASOLV LC-MS Blends ..................... 21
CHROMASOLV Plus .................................... 21
CHROMASOLV HPLC .................................. 22
CHROMASOLV HPLC Blends ....................... 22
Your gateway to Biochemicals and Reagents for Life Science Research from Sigma®
BioFiles Online allows you to:
• Access any issue of BioFiles
• Subscribe for:
✓ future issues
✓ eBioFiles email notifications
• Stay up-to-date on the latest BioNews from Sigma
Register today for upcoming issues and eBioFiles announcements and receive a free IUBMB-Sigma-Nicholson Metabolic Pathway Chart: sigma.com/biofiles
Stem Cell Biology—On the WebThe Stem Cell Biology resource offers a number of useful tools for researchers working in this complex area of research. The following are some of the many stem cell biology solutions available on the website.
• Protocols – Utilize currently available protocols and submit new procedures to the Stem Cell protocol library
• Literature – Stem Cell Biology technical and product guides
• Webinars – Frequent webinar postings
• Products – Browse for products using the unique stem cell workflow navigation
Discover more at sigma.com/stemcell
LOPAC™1280 NavigatorThe Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC) is a collection of 1,280 pharmacologically active compounds. Explore this flexible assay validation library offered by Sigma-Aldrich® with the LOPAC1280 Navigator.
Use the Navigator to:
• Browse by application areas that drill down by class, selectivity, and action• Search for a compound by name or product number• View structures for all library components
sigma.com/lopacnavigator
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science 3
Intro
du
ction
IntroductionRobert GatesProduct [email protected]
Over the past three decades non-cellular and cellular systems have supplanted whole animal studies for the preliminary screening of drug candidates and well as for initial drug metabolism and toxicology studies. In
1991 inadequate metabolic and pharmacokinetic parameters were a major reason for the failure of new drug candidates submitted for FDA approval. In vitro testing methods allowed xenobiotics to be tested in human cells or with human enzymes with more clearly defined study parameters and end points. Toxic or metabolically inert compounds could be identified earlier in the drug development process, and these methods coupled with animal studies and Phase I clinical trials provided more complete information on drug metabolism, availability, and pharmacokinetics in humans. The failure rate for deficiencies in these metabolic parameters decreased to 10% by 2000. (1)
Orally delivered drugs are primarily metabolized in the liver. Phase I reactions are carried out by a series of cytochrome P450-containing enzymes (CYP) that carry out primarily oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis reactions. The CYP isoforms most involved in drug metabolism are the CYP1A family, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, the CYP2C family, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and the CYP3A family. CYP3A4 is the most abundant isoform in human liver and is involved in the metabolism of approximately half of all currently marketed drugs. (1,2) Phase II reactions are conjugation reactions with glucuronide, glutathione, and sulfonates. Conjugation tends to make the molecules more water soluble. Phase III is excretion by the kidneys (hydrophilic compounds and conjugates) or via the bile into the intestine (lipophilic molecules). (1,3)
Model System for Drug Metabolism Studies
Several cellular models have been used to study drug metabolism in vitro. Human hepatocyte primary cultures are the closest model to the in vivo situation. The hepatocyte membrane retains transporters for the uptake and excretion of xenobiotics and intact intracellular Phase I and Phase II metabolic pathways. (3,4) This model has been of limited use due to the low availability and high variability of human liver samples; although primarily hepatocytes can be cryopreserved. Cultured hepatocytes are also phenotypically unstable; by 48 hrs enzyme activity has declined by 60–80%, and mRNA declines to 15% of original levels by 4 hrs. (3)
Hepatoma cell lines (HepG2 and Mz-Hep-1) have the advantage of being highly available. They are easy to culture, have an unlimited life span and stable phenotype. Unfortunately these cells express drug metabolizing enzymes only at very low levels or not at all. Hepatomas transfected with a single CYP are used to screen for enzyme compounds that inhibit CYP activity. These cells can also be used to study hepatotoxicity in vitro. (3,4)
Recently methods have been reported for producing hepatocyte-like cells from embryonic stem cells. Embryonic
stem cells are pluripotent cells that can be maintained in a undifferentiated state. In nonadherent culture they aggregate to form embryoid bodies (EBs) that differentiate into primordial ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm cells that can further differentiate into progenitors of organ-specific cell types. Methods for culturing mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) are well established, and methods obtaining mouse hepatocyte-like cells have been described. (5-7) In their study, Tsutsui, et al., (7) showed that mESC-derived hepatocyte-like cells expressed several p450 isoforms and that the products of testosterone hydroxylation by these hepatocytes were identical to those produced by cultured fetal hepatocytes. However, several hydroxylation products characteristic of metabolism by adult hepatocytes were not produced by mESC-derived hepatocytes.
Standardized protocols for culturing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are not well established (5), but methods for the production of hepatocyte-like cells from hESCs have recently been described. (2,6,8-11) Both hepatoblasts and bile duct (cholangiocyte) progenitors are separated from the EBs derived from hESCs. The cholangiocyte progenitors are distinguished from hepatic progenitors by having high levels of cytokeratins 7 and 17. Unlike adult hepatic stem cells, hepatoblasts from hESC express α-fetoprotein (AFP) and do not express the adult stem cell markers NCAM and claudin 3. (2,6) In addition to AFP, hepatocyte-like cells expressed the markers Foxa2, α-1-antitrypsin, albumin, HNF4a, and GATA4. Hepatocyte functions were also observed, such as albumin secretion, glycogen accumulation, urea production, and the accumulation of dyes and low density
Infinite Expansion, Infinite Potential—the Sigma-Aldrich® Stem Cell Biology Platform.
4 Order: sigma.com/order Technical service: sigma.com/techinfosigma.com/lifescience
Intr
od
uct
ion
lipoproteins. (2,6,8,9,11) By 21 days in culture, Phase I enzymes such as Cyp 1A2, Cyp 3A4, and Cyp 7A1 and phase II conjugating enzymes such as glutathione transferase were expressed or could be induced by xenobiotic challenge. (2,6,8,11)
Model Systems for Metabolomics and Drug Toxicity Studies
hESCs and hESC-derived progenitor cells may also be useful in determining the effect of xenobiotics on cellular metabolism. The metabolome comprises all the small molecule substrates, intermediates and products of cellular metabolism. Approximately 7500 compounds currently make up the human metabolome including about 2500 metabolites, 3500 food components, and 1200 drug products. (12) These metabolites can be separated chromatographically from tissue, urine, or serum samples and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or mass spectroscopy (MS). The Consortium on Metabonomic Toxicology has proposed predicting the liver or kidney toxicity of novel compounds by multivariate analysis of the urine metabolome, assuming that compounds with similar adverse effects would produce similar abnormalities in the metabolic profile of urine. (13)
Xenobiotics are sometimes teratogenic and knowing the effects of these compounds on cellular metabolism of ESCs or various organ progenitor cells may indicate the pathways involved in drug action and/or toxicity in utero. (14) Human and mouse ESC-derived neurons or cardiomyocytes have also been used to screen for drug toxicities. (5,15-17)
Changes in the metabolome of hESCs or differentiated cells derived from hESC may provide markers of potential drug toxicity. Recently, Cezar, et al. (14) studied the effect of valproate, an anticonvulsant compound with higher teratogenic risk, on the secreted metabolome of three hESC cell lines. Compounds were separated chromatographically and identified by electrospray ionization time-of-flight MS. At moderate valproate concentrations the tryptophan breakdown product, kynurenine, and several glutamate pathway metabolites were elevated. At higher concentrations, the GABA pathway metabolites were also elevated. This study showed that metabolomics methodology could be applied to ESCs in culture.
In the future hESCs and cells derived from hESCs may provide suitable model systems for studying drug metabolism and toxicity in vitro.
References1. Baranczewski, P., et al. Introduction to in vitro estimation of metabolic stability and
drug interactions of new chemical entities in drug discovery and development. Pharmacol. Rep. 58, 453-472 (2006).
2. Agarwal, S., et al., Efficient differentiation of functional hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells., Stem Cells, 16, 1117-1127 (2008).
3. Castell, J.V., et al., Hepatocyte cell lines: their use, scope, and limitations in drug metabolism studies. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 2, 183-212 (2006).
4. Donato, M.T., et al., Cell lines: a tool for in vitro drug metabolism studies. Curr. Drug Metab., 9, 1-11 (2008).
5. Pouton, C.W., and Haynes, J.M., Embryonic stem cells as a source of models for drug discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Disc. 6, 605-616 (2007).
6. Shiraki, N., et al., Differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells into hepatic lineages. Genes Cells, e-pub, May 20, 2008.
7. Tsutsui, M., et al., Characterization of cytochrome p450 expression in murine embry-onic stem cell-derived hepatic tissue system. Drug Metab. Disp. 34, 696-701 (2006).
8. Baharvand, H., et al., Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional hepatocyte-like cells in a serum-free adherent culture condition. Differentiation, 76, 465-477 (2008).
9. Chiao, E., et al., Isolation and transcriptional profiling of purified hepatic cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells, e-pub, June 5, 2008.
10. Lavon, N., and Benvenisty, N., Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into hepatic cells, in Human Embryonic Stem Cells: the practical handbook. (Sullivan, S., et al., eds.) pp 186-194. Wiley: Chichester, 2007.
11. Soderdahl, E.M, et al., Expression of drug metabolizing enzymes in hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Biochem. Pharmacol., 74, 496-503 (2007).
12. Fiehn, O., Combining genomics, metabolome analysis, and biochemical modeling to understand metabolic networks. Comp. Funct. Genomics, 2, 155-168 (2001).
13. Ebbels, T.M.D., et al., Prediction and classification of drug toxicity using probabilistic modeling of temporal metabolic data: the Consortium on Metabonomic Toxicology screening approach. J. Proteome Res. 6, 4407-4422 (2007).
14. Cezar, G.G., et al., Identification of small molecules from human embryonic stem cells using metabolomics. Stem Cells Dev. 16, 869-882 (2007).
15. Cezar, G.G., Can human embryonic stem cells contribute to the discovery of safer and more effective drugs? Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 11, 405-409 (2007).
16. Chaudhary, K.W., et al., Embryonic stem cells in predictive cardiotoxicity: laser capture microscopy enables assay development. Tox. Sci., 90, 149-158 (2006).
17. Davila, J.C., et al., Use and application of stem cells in toxicology. Tox. Sci., 79, 214-223 (2004).
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science 5
Stemlin
e® Stem
Cell M
edia
The optimized formulations and proven consistent results have made Sigma-Aldrich®’s Stemline Media a must-have for the challenge of stem cell expansion and maturation in blood and bone marrow samples. Our media platform, as well as our broad selection of reagents, supplements, antibodies, and cytokines, assures maximum performance in human hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem cell types. No more hit-or-miss, just great expansion of robust cells!
Stemline Family of Media
S0192 Stemline II Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion Medium—500 mL & 6X500 mLn Serum-free formulation
n Enhanced expansion from cord blood CD34+ cells, as well as 4-HC purged CD34+ cells
n Expanded cells form all of the appropriate hematopoietic lineages in a colony-forming unit
n Yields long-term engraftment (primary and secondary recipient) in NOD/SCID mice
n Tested extensively in development in 7-day and 14-day growth assays
S1694 Stemline T-Cell Expansion Medium—1 Ln Serum-free formulation
n Excellent expansion of T-Cells of human origin
n Supports high cell densities that exhibit rigorous and consistent growth kinetics
n Maintains the proper CD4/CD8 ratio (Flow Cytometric Analysis) as well as functionality, both ex vivo (Chromium Release Assay) and in vivo (Graft vs. Host Induction in NOD/SCID-β2M Mice)
S0189 Stemline Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion Medium—500 mL & 6X500 mLn Serum-free basal formulation
n Superior expansion of CD34+ progenitors
n Suitable for cells derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood
n Tested extensively in 7-day and 14-day growth assays
Stemline® Stem Cell MediaQuality and Performance you can count on... Every Time!
For more information, please visit sigma.com/stemline
S1569 Stemline Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expansion Medium—1 Ln Maximum expansion of mesenchymal stem cells of human origin
n Supports robust, high-density cell populations
n Superior expansion and the ability to retain their differentiation potential at 14 days in culture
S3444 Stemline Dendritic Cell Maturation Medium—1 Ln Serum-free medium
n Supports high density cultures of mature Dendritic Cells (DC)
n Cultures maintain morphologic and phenotypic characteristics
n Promotes maturation of DCs from human CD14+ monocytes
S3194 Stemline Neural Stem Cell Expansion Media—500 mLn Serum-free formulation
n For use with neurosphere and monolayer cultures
n Cells retain differentiate capacity
n Expansion rates amazingly superior to DMEM/F12
S0196 Stemline Keratinocyte Medium II—500 mLn Serum-free formulation
n Two supplement cocktails available yields
n Rigorous expansion of NHEK cells
6 Order: sigma.com/order Technical service: sigma.com/techinfosigma.com/lifescience
Stem
Cel
l Rea
gen
ts a
nd
An
tib
od
ies
Stem Cell Reagents and AntibodiesReagents
Name Description Cat. No.
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Ciliary neurotrophic factor was first identified as a survival factor for neurons from the ciliary ganglion of chicken embryos. Most of its known actions are restricted to cells of the nervous system, including motor neurons, sympathetic ganglion neurons, sensory neurons, hippocampal neurons and medial septal neurons. CNTF also prevents degeneration of motor axons after axotomy and promotes astrocyte differentiation and oligodendrocyte survival and maturation.
C3710-10UG
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor CNTF prevents degeneration of motor axons after axotomy and promotes astrocyte differentiation and oligodendrocyte survival and maturation; most of its known actions are restricted to cells of the nervous system.
C3835-10UG
Fibroblast Growth Factor-4 FGF-4 (hst-1, hst/KS53) is a mitogen for fibroblasts and endothelial cells and a potent promoter of angiogenesis. FGF-4 is believed to be critical in embryonic limb development. FGF-4 (19 kDa) includes a secretory signal sequence and shares 42% sequence identity with bFGF at the amino acid level. Both FGF-4 and bFGF bind to the same receptors. Mouse and human FGF-4 shares 82% homology with species cross-reactivity.
F8424-25UG
gp130 Soluble Fragment human The signal-transducing subunit of the functional IL-6 receptor complex. G7534-10UG
Interleukin-6 Interleukin-6 is a multifunctional protein originally discovered in the media of cells stimulated with double stranded RNA. IL-6 appears to be directly involved in the responses that occur after infection and injury and may prove to be as important as IL-1 and TNF-α in regulating the acute phase response. IL-6 is reported to be produced by fibroblasts, activated T cells, activated monocytes or macrophages, and endothelial cells. It acts upon a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, myeloid progenitor cells, T cells, B cells and hepatocytes. IL-6 induces multiple effects, as indicated by its numerous synonyms: plasmacytoma growth factor (PCT-GF), interferon-β-2 (IFN-β2), monocyte derived human B cell growth factor, B cell stimulating factor (BSF-2), hepatocyte stimulating factor (HSF), Interleukin Hybridoma/Plasmacytoma-1 (IL-HP1). In addition, IL-6 appears to interact with IL-2 in the proliferation of T lymphocytes. IL-6 also potentiates the proliferative effect of IL-3 on multipotential hematopoietic progenitors.
I1395-10UG
Interleukin-6 Interleukin-6 is a multifunctional protein that is involved in the responses that occur after infec-tion and injury and may prove to be as important as IL-1 and TNF-α in regulating the acute phase response. IL-6 induces multiple effects. It interacts with IL-2 in the proliferation of T lymphocytes, and potentiates the proliferative effect of IL-3 on multipotential hematopoietic progenitors.
I3268-10KU
Interleukin-6 Interleukin-6 is a multifunctional protein originally discovered in the media of cells stimulated with double stranded RNA. IL-6 appears to be directly involved in the responses that occur after infection and injury and may prove to be as important as IL-1 and TNF-α in regulating the acute phase response. IL-6 is reported to be produced by fibroblasts, activated T cells, activated monocytes or macrophages, and endothelial cells. It acts upon a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, myeloid progenitor cells, T cells, B cells and hepatocytes. IL-6 induces multiple effects, as indicated by its numerous synonyms: plasmacytoma growth factor (PCT-GF), interferon-β-2 (IFN-β2), monocyte derived human B cell growth factor, B cell stimulating factor (BSF-2), hepatocyte stimulating factor (HSF), Interleukin Hybridoma/Plasmacytoma-1 (IL-HP1). In addition, IL-6 appears to interact with IL-2 in the proliferation of T lymphocytes. IL-6 also potentiates the proliferative effect of IL-3 on multipotential hematopoietic progenitors.
I9646-5UG
Interleukin-6 Interleukin-6 is a multifunctional protein originally discovered in the media of cells stimulated with double stranded RNA. IL-6 appears to be directly involved in the responses that occur after infection and injury and may prove to be as important as IL-1 and TNF-α in regulating the acute phase response. IL-6 is reported to be produced by fibroblasts, activated T cells, activated monocytes or macrophages, and endothelial cells. It acts upon a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, myeloid progenitor cells, T cells, B cells and hepatocytes. IL-6 induces multiple effects, as indicated by its numerous synonyms: plasmacytoma growth factor (PCT-GF), interferon-β-2 (IFN-β2), monocyte derived human B cell growth factor, B cell stimulating factor (BSF-2), hepatocyte stimulating factor (HSF), Interleukin Hybridoma/Plasmacytoma-1 (IL-HP1). In addition, IL-6 appears to interact with IL-2 in the proliferation of T lymphocytes. IL-6 also potentiates the proliferative effect of IL-3 on multipotential hematopoietic progenitors.
I0406-10UG
Interleukin-6 Receptor Soluble Fragment human The receptor mediated activity of human IL-6 receptor soluble fragment is measured by its ability to increase the IL-6 inhibition of M1 cells.
I5771-25UG
Interleukin-11 Interleukin-11, also called adipogenesis inhibitory factor (AGIF), is a pleotropic cytokine that acts on hematopoietic progenitor cells and stromal cells. Although recombinant human IL-11 has a predicted molecular mass of 19 kDa, it migrates as a 23 kDa band in SDS-PAGE. It is a functional homolog of IL-6, inducing the proliferation of certain plasmacytoma cell lines and acute phase protein secretion in the liver. IL-11 stimulates the production of erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and T cell development of antibody producing B cells.
I2406-5UG
Interleukin-11 Interleukin-11, also called adipogenesis inhibitory factor (AGIF), is a pleotropic cytokine that acts on hematopoietic progenitor cells and stromal cells. Although recombinant human IL-11 has a predicted molecular mass of 19 kDa, it migrates as a 23 kDa band in SDS-PAGE. It is a functional homolog of IL-6, inducing the proliferation of certain plasmacytoma cell lines and acute phase protein secretion in the liver. IL-11 stimulates the production of erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and T cell development of antibody producing B cells.
I9279-5UG
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic glycoprotein that inhibits the proliferation of the murine myeloid leukemic cell line M1, while inducing differentiation into macrophages. Human and mouse LIF share 78% sequence homology. Human LIF can activate mouse cells, but mouse LIF cannot activate human cells.
L5283-10UG
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic glycoprotein that inhibits the proliferation of the murine myeloid leukemic cell line M1, while inducing differentiation into macrophages. Human and mouse LIF share 78% sequence homology. Human LIF can activate mouse cells, but mouse LIF cannot activate human cells.
L5158-5UG
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor soluble Receptor α Binds LIF and is antagonistic. L0915-50UG
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science 7
Stem C
ell Reag
ents an
d A
ntib
od
ies
sigma-aldrich.com
Name Description Cat. No.
MISSION® shRNA Human Gene Family Set, Bacterial Glycerol Stock
The clones are sequenced-verified shRNA lentiviral plasmids (pLKO.1-puro) provided as frozen bacterial glycerol stocks (Terrific Broth, carbenicillin at 100 µg/ml and 10% glycerol). The set comes in 96-well plates that are barcoded for simple identification. A CD containing RefSeq, gene description, gene symbol, clone ID, hairpin sequence, locus link, and plate map positions are provided with the gene family set.
SH0811
MISSION® shRNA Human Gene Family Set, Lentiviral Particles
Lentiviral particles are provided in 96-well plates that are barcoded for simple identification. Each gene family set is representationally titered (10% of clones). Fully titered sets are available on a custom basis. A CD containing RefSeq, gene description, gene symbol, clone ID, hairpin sequence, locus link, and plate map positions are provided with the gene family set.
SH0831
Oncostatin M Oncostatin M, LIF, G-CSF, IL-6, and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) are structurally related members of the same cytokine family sharing similarities in their primary amino acid sequences, predicted secondary structure, and receptor components. Oncostatin M is a growth-regulating cytokine, affecting a number of tumor and normal cells. This material was first identified by its ability to inhibit the growth of A375 melanoma cells and other human tumor cells, but not inhibit the growth of normal human fibroblasts. It acts synergistically with TGF β1 to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells like A375 melanoma cells. It induces an increase in LDL receptor expression and LDL uptake by hepatoma cells. OSM activates synovial fibroblast-like cells to produce urokinase type plasminogen activator. Oncostatin M is secreted by macrophages and activated T lymphocytes.
O9635-10UG
Oncostatin M Oncostatin M, LIF, G-CSF, IL-6, and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) are structurally related members of the same cytokine family sharing similarities in their primary amino acid sequences, predicted secondary structure, and receptor components. Oncostatin M is a growth-regulating cytokine, affecting a number of tumor and normal cells. This material was first identified by its ability to inhibit the growth of A375 melanoma cells and other human tumor cells, but not inhibit the growth of normal human fibroblasts. It acts synergistically with TGF β1 to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells like A375 melanoma cells. It induces an increase in LDL receptor expression and LDL uptake by hepatoma cells. OSM activates synovial fibroblast-like cells to produce urokinase type plasminogen activator. Oncostatin M is secreted by macrophages and activated T lymphocytes.
O1637-25UG
Oncostatin M Receptor β/Fc Chimera Exclusive signal transducing receptor protein for mouse OSM. Mouse and human OSM Rβ share 55% sequence identity.
O8762-100UG
Tyrphostin AG 490 Jak-2 protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor. Inhibits interleukin 2 (IL-2) driven mitogenesis and triggers apoptosis of tumor cells in Sezary syndrome, a leukemic variant of cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
T3434-5MGT3434-25MG
Life Science Innovations and BioFiles offer collaboration and innovation from our scientists to you.
Tailored for the life science researcher, BioFiles
aligns our vast array of products within a
relevant research topic.
Life Science Innovations piques your interest with examples of new and emerging technologies put forth in a fresh, unique way that applies to your area of study.
Visit Life Science Innovations (formerly Origins) and BioFiles Online
for an integrated view of current issues plus past issue archives,
product spotlights, and links to technical tools. Together, BioFiles
and Life Science Innovations consistently ask the simple question:
how can our innovation shape your research?
Visit Life Science Innovations Online at sigma.com/innovations
Visit Biofiles Online at sigma.com/biofiles
A Perfect Fit!
Reagents, continued
8 Order: sigma.com/order Technical service: sigma.com/techinfosigma.com/lifescience
Stem
Cel
l Rea
gen
ts a
nd
An
tib
od
ies
Antibodies
Product Name Host Clone No Form Gene Symbol Species Reactivity Application Cat. No.
Anti-Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor antibody produced in
goat
- IgG fraction of antiserum
Cntf, rat rat Neutral C4085
Anti-Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor antibody produced in
goat
- IgG fraction of antiserum
CNTF, human human Neutral C3960-1MG
Anti-phospho-ERK1 (pThr202/pTyr204) and ERK2 (pThr185/pTyr187)
antibody produced in
rabbit
- affinity isolated antibody
MAPK3, humanMapk3, mouse
Mapk3, rat
chickenhumanmouse
rat
ICCWB
E7028-1VL
Monoclonal Anti-Fibroblast Growth Factor-4
antibody produced in
mouse
19805.11 purified immunoglobulin
FGF4, human human ELISA (i)Neutral
WB
F2153-.5MG
Anti-Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2, Extracellular
antibody produced in
rabbit
- affinity isolated antibody
FGFR2, human human IHC (p)IP
WB
F6796-.2ML
Anti-Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2, Cytoplasmic
antibody produced in
rabbit
- affinity isolated antibody
FGFR2, human human IHC (p)IP
WB
F0300-.5ML
Anti-gp130 antibody produced in
rabbit
- IgG fraction of antiserum
IL6ST, humanIl6st, mouse
humanmouse
IPWB
G4165-200UG
Anti-IL11RA antibody produced in
rabbit
- affinity isolated antibody
IL11RA, human human IHC (p)PAWB
HPA004868-100UL
Anti-IL11RA antibody produced in
rabbit
- affinity isolated antibody
IL11RA, human human IHC (p)PAWB
HPA005729-100UL
Anti-IL6ST antibody produced in
rabbit
- affinity isolated antibody
IL6ST, human human IHC (p)PA
HPA010558-100UL
Monoclonal Anti-Integrin β1 antibody produced in
mouse
W1B10 purified immunoglobulin
ITGB1, chicken chicken IF (i)IP
WB
I8638-.2ML
Anti-Interleukin-6 antibody produced in
rabbit
- IgG fraction of antiserum
Il6, mouse mouse DBNeutral
RIA
I3393
Anti-Interleukin-6 antibody produced in
rabbit
- IgG fraction of antiserum
IL6, human human DBNeutral
RIA
I2143-.5ML
Monoclonal Anti-Interleukin-6 antibody produced in
mouse
6708.11 purified immunoglobulin
IL6, human human ELISA (i)Neutral
WB
I7901-.5MG
Anti-Interleukin-11 antibody produced in
goat
- IgG fraction of antiserum
IL11, human human Neutral I5270-1MG
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science 9
Stem C
ell Reag
ents an
d A
ntib
od
ies
sigma-aldrich.com
Product Name Host Clone No Form Gene Symbol Species Reactivity Application Cat. No.
Monoclonal Anti-JAK1 antibody produced in
mouse
JAK1-193 purified immunoglobulin
JAK1, humanJak1, mouse
Jak1, rat
humanmouse
rat
ARRELISA (i)
WB
J3774-200UL
Anti-Leukemia Inhibitory Factor antibody produced in
goat
- IgG fraction of antiserum
Lif, mouse mouse ELISA (i)IHC
NeutralWB
L9152-1MG
Anti-Leukemia Inhibitory Factor antibody produced in
goat
- IgG fraction of antiserum
LIF, human human Neutral L9277-1MG
Monoclonal Anti-Nanog antibody produced in
mouse
NNG-811 purified immunoglobulin
NANOG, human human ELISA (i)ICCIP
WB
N3038-25ULN3038-200UL
Monoclonal Anti-Oncostatin M antibody produced in
mouse
17001.31 purified immunoglobulin
OSM, human human ELISA (i)Neutral
WB
O0884-.5MG
Anti-POU5F1 (Oct4) antibody produced in
rabbit
- affinity isolated antibody
POU5F1, humanPou5f1, mouse
Pou5f1, rat
humanrodent
IHCWB
P0873-100UG
Anti-phospho-Tyk2 (pTyr1054/1055)
antibody produced in
rabbit
- affinity isolated antibody
TYK2, human human IPWB CL
T0442-.1ML
Presenting!
Anti-BID Cat No. HPA000722 on A-431 cells shown in green, nucleus in blue, microtubules in red and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in yellow.
Just one of the over 500 IF, IHC and WB images available
Antibodies that work, right out of the box!
The most highly characterized antibodies in the industry— 1,800 NEW Prestige Antibodies, Powered by Atlas Antibodies.
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science
n Designed & validated by the Human Proteome Resource (HPR)
n Standardized in universal protocols
n Over 500 immunohistochemical images for every antibody
n Publicly available data on the web
Look even closer. Go to sigma.com/prestige for more information.
Prestige Antibodies™
Antibodies, continued
10 Order: sigma.com/order Technical service: sigma.com/techinfosigma.com/lifescience
Dru
g D
isco
very
The New Standard in Reagent Management Flexibility
When projects require a custom array of reagents, DiscoveryCPR can meet the challenge. Our packaging groups will custom pack reagents to your specifications. If you have questions about our unique service or wish to request a quotation on a custom reagent set, please contact us at: [email protected]
Features of this service:n No minimum order required
n Widest selection of reagents available — over 25,000 and growing
n Complete reagents sets — order products from any vendor
n Order reagents in any amount, from micromoles to grams
n Specify vial type, labeling/bar-coding, and packaging
Efficiencyn 24-48 hour turnaround time for most compounds
n Guaranteed delivery in both the U.S. and Europe
n Ready-to-use — save time, reduce waste, enhance productivity
Conveniencen Determine price and availability from your desktop
n Eliminate on-site stocking and inventory management
n Access custom synthesis services
n Powerful new batch-search and reporting capabilities
n Order related products for all your chemistry needs
n Internet-based procurement system, compatible with
standing orders
Drug Discovery
DiscoveryCPR
Compounds for High Throughput Screening
Sigma-Aldrich® is pleased to announce the availability of the MyriaScreen Diversity Collection of drug-like screening compounds. The collection, produced in collaboration with TimTec Inc., is the result of careful evaluation, filtering, and refinement of selections from each of our screening compound collections. The MyriaScreen Diversity Collection is comprised of 10,000 high-purity screening compounds handpicked to maximize chemical diversity while maintaining drug-likeness.
Medicinal Chemistry
We produce an extensive list of building blocks and reactive intermediates for medicinal chemistry applications. From complex bifunctional heterocycles to amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids and sulfonyl chlorides, these building blocks are useful in all phases of parallel, organic, and medicinal chemistry applications.
Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) plays an important role in the drug discovery process in optimizing the activity of new drug leads. Effective SAR encompasses a wide variety of substituents ranging from aliphatic, cycloalkyl to aromatic fragments.
To learn more about our Drug Discovery products, visit sigma.com/drugdiscovery
DiscoveryCPR: Discover with Custom Packaged Pharmacologically Active Compounds and Metabolites
To register for an online ordering account or to submit inquiries: discoverycpr.com
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science 11
Dru
g D
iscoveryRelevant Compounds and
Pharmacological Activities
n Antiproliferatives
n Enzyme inhibitors
n Antibiotics
n Cell cycle regulators
n Apoptosis inducers
n GPCR ligands
LOPAC1280 compounds are also indexed in the NCBI’s PubChem database.
Sigma-Aldrich® invites you to use this interactive tool to easily browse through LOPAC1280, a collection of 1,280 pharmacologically active compounds. The power and convenience of the known actives in Sigma®’s Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds is assured. This annotated collection of small molecule modulators and approved drugs impacts most cellular processes and covers all major drug target classes.
Consider the bioactives you want in your library and reveal why researchers worldwide trust the ones in ours:
n 1,280 pharmacologically active compounds – All major target classes are represented, including GPCRs and kinases, making LOPAC the most flexible assay validation library available.
n Marketed drugs and pharmaceutically relevant structures – Predictable activities and proven scaffolds directed against a wide range of drug targets.
n Annotated structure/activity database – Convenient management of individual samples, subsets, or the entire collection.
n Guaranteed Sigma quality and easy re-supply – Highly pure compounds, each available as an individual catalog item.
n Pre-solubilized and normalized compounds – Ready-to-use DMSO stocks require less time-consuming sample preparation.
LOPAC™1280: Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds
New Insights With Predictable Activities and Proven Scaffolds
Reveal!To browse the compounds on the LOPAC1280 Navigator or request a complete list of components, please visit sigma.com/lopac
Rare Chemical LibraryThe Sigma-Aldrich® Rare Chemical Library consists of over 140,000 unique chemical compounds, including:
• Private and academic collections released upon the researcher’s retirement• One-time synthetic series from remote and obscure sources• Products no longer available from the Sigma-Aldrich catalogs• Plus synthetic analogs and precursors• Available in standard sizes between 1 mg and 1 g
Rare Chemical Library items may also be packed to order through DiscoveryCPR.
FREE!Request the Rare Chemical Library compound list on USB flash drive.
Visit sigma-aldrich.com/rcl to find out more about this unique service.
DiscoveryCPR
sigma-aldrich.com
12 Order: sigma.com/order Technical service: sigma.com/techinfosigma.com/lifescience
Met
abo
lite
Lib
rari
es
sigma-aldrich.com
Metabolite LibrariesChoose your own components, and build a custom library online using the Sigma-Aldrich® Metabolomics Resources.
Many Metabolite Standards are available in specialized 10 mg sizes packaged in autosampler vials.
Libraries Currently Available—Choose from:
Amino Acids and Metabolic Intermediates
Carbohydrates and Metabolic Intermediates
Lipids and Metabolic Intermediates
Currently in development:
Nucleotide Library
Vitamin/Cofactor Library
Hundreds of other metabolites are available in standard packaging and can be found in the Sigma® Life Science Catalog or online (sigma-aldrich.com/metabolites).
Custom Packaging
Our DiscoveryCPR program can custom package metabolites in the sizes and containers you specify. See page 10 for more details.
http://www.sigma-aldrich.com/ProductLookup.html?ProdNo=C7352&Brand=SIGMA
Use the IUBMB–Sigma-Aldrich Interactive Metabolic Pathway Chart to find the Metabolite Standards you need.
The Metabolic Pathways Map contains over
500 hyperlinks to Sigma product listings. Just
click on the metabolite name or the enzyme’s
E.C. number to access product information.
You can access the chart at sigma-aldrich.com/metpath
Online Metabolomics Resource
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science 13
Metab
olite Lib
raries
Amino Acid Metabolite Library
Metabolite Cat. No. Packaging
Acetyl-l-carnitine hydrochloride A6706 10 mg Autosampler vial
O-Acetyl-l-serine hydrochloride A6262 10 mg Autosampler vial
Adenosine 5’-phosphosulfate sodium salt
A5508 5 mg
S-(5’-Adenosyl)-l-homocysteine A9384 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Alanine A7469 10 mg Autosampler vial
β-Alanine A9920 10 mg Autosampler vial
γ-Aminobutyric acid A5835 10 mg Autosampler vial
5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride
A7793 10 mg Autosampler vial
Anthranilic acid A89855 10 mg
l-Arginine A8094 10 mg Autosampler vial
Argininosuccinic acid disodium salt A5707 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Asparagine A0884 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Aspartic acid A8949 10 mg Autosampler vial
Betaine aldehyde chloride B3650 10 mg Autosampler vial
Betaine hydrochloride B7045 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Carnitine hydrochloride C0283 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Carnosine C9625 10 mg Autosampler vial
Choline chloride C7017 10 mg Autosampler vial
Chorismic acid from Enterobacter aerogenes
C1761 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Citrulline C7629 10 mg Autosampler vial
Creatine C0780 10 mg Autosampler vial
Creatinine C4255 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Cystathionine C7505 10 mg Autosampler vial
Cysteamine M9768 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Cysteine C7352 10 mg Autosampler vial
Cystine C7602 10 mg Autosampler vial
N,N-Dimethylglycine D1156 10 mg Autosampler vial
N-Formyl-l-methionine F3377 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Glutamic acid G8415 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Glutamine G8540 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Glutathione, reduced G4251 10 mg Autosampler vial
Glycine G7126 10 mg Autosampler vial
Histamine dihydrochloride H7250 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Histidine H6034 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Histidinol dihydrochloride H6647 10 mg Autosampler vial
Metabolite Cat. No. Packaging
dl-Homocysteine H4628 10 mg Autosampler vial
dl-Homocystine H0501 10 mg Autosampler vial
Homogentisic acid H0751 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Homoserine H6515 10 mg Autosampler vial
cis-4-Hydroxy-d-proline H5877 10 mg Autosampler vial
trans-4-Hydroxy-l-proline H5534 10 mg Autosampler vial
Hypotaurine H1384 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Isoleucine I7403 10 mg Autosampler vial
α-Keto-γ-(methylthio)butyric acid sodium salt
K6000 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Leucine L8912 10 mg Autosampler vial
Lithium carbamoylphosphate dibasic
C5625 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Lysine L5501 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Methionine M5308 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Methionine sulfoxide M1126 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Ornithine monohydrochloride O2375 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Phenylalanine P5482 10 mg Autosampler vial
Phosphocholine chloride calcium salt tetrahydrate
P0378 10 mg Autosampler vial
Phosphocreatine disodium salt hydrate enzymatic
P7936 10 mg Autosampler vial
O-Phospho-l-serine P0878 10 mg Autosampler vial
Prephenic acid barium salt P2384 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Proline P0380 10 mg Autosampler vial
Sarcosine S7672 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Serine S4500 10 mg Autosampler vial
Shikimic acid S5375 10 mg Autosampler vial
Sodium 2-oxobutyrate K0875 10 mg Autosampler vial
Sodium phenylpyruvate P8001 10 mg Autosampler vial
O-Succinyl-l-homoserine S7129 25 mg
Taurine T0625 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Threonine T8441 10 mg Autosampler vial
N,N,N-Trimethyllysine T1660 25 mg
Tryptamine T2891 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Tryptophan T8941 10 mg Autosampler vial
Tyramine hydrochloride T2879 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Tyrosine T8566 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Valine V0513 10 mg Autosampler vial
14 Order: sigma.com/order Technical service: sigma.com/techinfosigma.com/lifescience
Met
abo
lite
Lib
rari
es
Carbohydrate Metabolite Library
Metabolite Cat. No. Packaging
N-Acetyl-d-galactosamine A2795 10 mg Autosampler vial
N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine A8625 10 mg Autosampler vial
N-Acetyl-d-lactosamine A7791 10 mg Autosampler vial
N-Acetyl-d-mannosamine A8176 10 mg Autosampler vial
N-Acetylneuraminic acid A2388 10 mg
Adenosine-5’-diphosphoglucose disodium salt
A0627 10 mg Autosampler vial
Adonitol A5502 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Allose A6390 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-(+)-Arabinose A3256 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-(–)-Arabitol A3506 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Ascorbic acid A5960 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(+)-Cellobiose C7252 10 mg Autosampler vial
2-Deoxy-d-glucose D8375 10 mg Autosampler vial
6-Deoxy-d-glucose D9761 10 mg Autosampler vial
2-Deoxy-d-ribose D5899 10 mg Autosampler vial
2-Deoxyribose 5-phosphate sodium salt
D3126 25 mg
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate dilithium salt
D7137 10 mg Autosampler vial
2,3-Diphospho-d-glyceric acid pentasodium salt
D5764 25 mg
Dulcitol D0256 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Erythrose 4-phosphate sodium salt
E0377 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(–)-Fructose F0127 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate trisodium salt
F6803 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Fructose 1-phosphate sodium salt
F1127 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Fructose 6-phosphate disodium salt dihydrate
F3627 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-(–)-Fucose F2252 10 mg Autosampler vial
α-d-Galactosamine 1-phosphate G5134 25 mg
d-(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride
G0500 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(+)-Galactose G0750 10 mg Autosampler vial
α-d-Galactose 1-phosphate dipotassium salt pentahydrate
G0380 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Gluconic acid sodium salt G9005 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Glucosamine 6-phosphate G5509 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(+)-Glucosamine hydrochloride
G4875 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(+)-Glucose G7528 10 mg Autosampler vial
α-d-Glucose 1-phosphate disodium salt hydrate
G7018 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt hydrate
G7250 10 mg Autosampler vial
Metabolite Cat. No. Packaging
d-Glucuronic acid G5269 10 mg Autosampler vial
Guanosine 5’-diphosphoglucose sodium salt
G7502 10 mg Autosampler vial
myo-Inositol I5125 10 mg Autosampler vial
Isomaltose I7253 100 mg
d-Lactose monohydrate L8783 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(–)-Lyxose 220477 1 G
d-(+)-Maltose monohydrate M9171 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Mannitol M4125 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Mannosamine hydrochloride M4670 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(+)-Mannose M4319 5 G
d-Mannose 6-phosphate disodium salt hydrate
M6876 10 mg Autosampler vial
Melibiose M5500 10 mg Autosampler vial
Palatinose P2007 10 mg Autosampler vial
Phospho(enol)pyruvic acid monopotassium salt
P7127 100 mg
6-Phosphogluconic acid trisodium salt
P6888 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(–)-3-Phosphoglyceric acid disodium salt
P8877 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Psicose P8043 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate R0514 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-Rhamnose monohydrate R3875 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(–)-Ribose R7500 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Ribose 5-phosphate disodium salt hydrate
R7750 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate
R0878 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Ribulose 5-phosphate sodium salt
R9875 5 mg
Sodium pyruvate P2256 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Sorbitol S1876 10 mg Autosampler vial
Stachyose hydrate from Stachys tuberifera
S4001 10 mg Autosampler vial
Sucrose S9378 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(–)-Tagatose T2751 10 mg Autosampler vial
Trehalose 6-phosphate dipotassium salt
T4272 10 mg
d-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate T9531 10 mg Autosampler vial
Uridine 5’-diphosphogalactose disodium salt
U4500 10 mg
Uridine 5’-diphosphoglucose disodium salt
U4625 10 mg Autosampler vial
Uridine 5’-diphosphoglucuronic acid trisodium salt
U6751 25 mg
Xylitol X3375 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-(+)-Xylose X1500 10 mg Autosampler vial
d-Xylulose X4625 25 mg
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science 15
Metab
olite Lib
raries
Lipid Metabolite Library
Metabolite Cat. No. Packaging
Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium salt hydrate
A1625-10MG 10 mg
Acetone 154598-IL 1 L
O-Acetyl-l-carnitine hydrochloride
A6706-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
Acetyl coenzyme A sodium salt A2056-10MG 10 mg
Acetyl coenzyme A trilithium salt A2181-10MG 10 mg
Acetylcholine chloride A6625-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
Arachidonic acid from porcine liver A9673-10MG 10 mg
Arachidonoyl coenzyme A lithium salt
A5837-10MG 10 mg
Benzoyl coenzyme A lithium salt B1638-5MG 5 mg
2-Butenoyl Coenzyme A lithium salt
C6146-10MG 10 mg
Butyryl coenzyme A dilithium salt hydrate
B1508-10MG 10 mg
Cardiolipin solution bovine heart C1649-10MG 10 mg
Choline chloride C7017-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
Coenzyme A hydrate from yeast C4282-10MG 10 mg
Coenzyme A sodium salt hydrate from yeast
C3144-10MG 10 mg
Coenzyme A trilithium salt from yeast
C3019-10MG 10 mg
Cytidine 5’-diphosphocholine sodium salt dihydrate
C0256-10MG 10 mg
Cytidine 5’-diphosphoethanolamine sodium salt
C0456-10MG 10 mg
Decanoyl coenzyme A monohydrate
D5269-5MG 5 mg
3’-Dephosphocoenzyme A D3385-5MG 5 mg
Desmosterol D6513-10MG 10 mg
dl-erythro-Dihydrosphingosine D6908-10MG 10 mg
γ,γ-Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate ammonium salt
D4287-1VL 1VL (200 μg)
Ethanolamine E9508-10UL 10 μL
Farnesyl pyrophosphate ammonium salt
F6892-1VL 1VL (200 μg)
Geranyl pyrophosphate ammonium salt
G6772-1VL 1VL (200 μg)
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate ammonium salt
G6025-1VL 1VL (200 μg)
Glycerol G7757-500ML 500 mL
rac-Glycerol 3-phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate
G2138-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
Glycolaldehyde dimer G6805-1G 1 g
Glycolic acid G8284-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
Glyoxylic acid solution G1134-20UL 20 μL
n-Heptadecanoyl coenzyme A lithium salt
H1385-5MG 5 mg
Hexanoyl coenzyme A trilithium salt trihydrate
H2012-10MG 10 mg
dl-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A sodium salt
H6132-10MG 10 mg
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium salt H3635-10MG 10 G
dl-β-Hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A lithium salt
H0261-10MG 10 mg
Metabolite Cat. No. Packaging
Isobutyryl coenzyme A lithium salt I0383-10MG 10 mg
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate ammonium salt solution
I0503-1VL 1VL (200 μg)
Isovaleryl coenzyme A lithium salt I9381-10MG 10 mg
Lanosterol from sheep wool L5768-5MG 5 mg
Lauroyl coenzyme A lithium salt L2659-5MG 5 mg
Leukotriene B4 L0517-50UG 50 μg
Linoleic acid L1376-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
γ-Linolenic acid L2378-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
Linoleoyl coenzyme A lithium salt L9754-10MG 10 mg
Lithium acetoacetate A8509-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
l-α-Lysophosphatidylcholine from bovine brain
L1381-5MG 5 mg
Malonyl coenzyme A lithium salt M4263-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium salt
M3013-10MG 10 mg
Methylmalonyl coenzyme A tetralithium salt hexahydrate
M1762-5MG 5 mg
(±)-Mevalonolactone M4667-1G 1 G
myo-Inositol I5125-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
Myristoyl coenzyme A lithium salt M4414-5MG 5 mg
Octanoyl coenzyme A lithium salt monohydrate
O6877-10MG 10 mg
Oleoyl coenzyme A lithium salt O1012-10MG 10 mg
Oxalic acid dihydrate O0376-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
Palmitoleoyl coenzyme A lithium salt
P6775-10MG 10 mg
Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium salt P9716-10MG 10 mg
3-sn-Phosphatidic acid sodium salt egg yolk lecithin
P9511-10MG 10 mg
l-α-Phosphatidylcholine P3841-10MG 25 mg
l-α-Phosphatidyl-dl-glycerol sodium salt
P8318-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
3-sn-Phosphatidylethanolamine from bovine brain
P7693-5MG 5 mg
l-α-Phosphatidylinositol ammonium salt solution
P2517-10MG 10 mg
3-sn-Phosphatidyl-l-serine sodium salt bovine brain
P5660-5MG 5 mg
Phosphocholine chloride calcium salt tetrahydrate
P0378-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
O-Phosphorylethanolamine P0503-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
5-Pregnen-3β-ol-20-one P9129-10MG 10 mg Autosampler vial
Progesterone P0130-25G 25 G
n-Propionyl coenzyme A lithium salt
P5397-10MG 10 mg
Prostaglandin E2 P5640-10MG 10 mg
Psychosine from bovine brain P9256-10MG 10 mg
Sphingomyelin from bovine brain S7004-10MG 10 mg
Squalene S3626-10ML 10 mg
Stearoyl coenzyme A lithium sal S0802-10MG 10 mg
Succinyl coenzyme A sodium salt S1129-5MG 5 mg
Thromboxane B2 T0516-1MG 1 mg
16 Order: sigma.com/order Technical service: sigma.com/techinfosigma.com/lifescience
Met
abo
lite
Lib
rari
es
New Metabolites From Sigma-Aldrich®
2-Phosphoglyceric acid is a key metabolite in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and also substrate for a number of important enzymes like enolase and phosphoglycerate mutase. As the stereochemistry of metabolites is important for structural and functional studies, we have made the two enantiomerically pure forms of d- and l-2-Phosphoglyceric acid available. d-2-Phosphoglycerate has been used in research on the structure and catalytic properties of enolase1-4 and phosphoglyceratemutase.5-6
Mevalonolactone and its open form, Mevalonic acid, have played an important role as a growth factor and as a key precursor in biosynthetic pathways to many natural products.7 The absolute configuration has been established by synthesis from quinic acid8 and the stereochemistry of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions makes use of only one enantiomer.9
Dehydroquinic acid is another important metabolite in the pathway to aromatic amino acids and substrate for dehydroquinase.
References:1. P.A. Sims, A.L. Menefee, T.M. Larsen, S.O. Mansoorabadi, G.H. Reed, Structure and
Catalytic Properties of an Engineered Heterodimer of Enolase Composed of One Active and One Inactive Subunit, J. Mol. Biol., 355, 422-431 (2006).
2. P.A. Sims, T.M. Larsen, R.R. Poyner, W.W. Cleland, G.H. Reed, Reverse Protonation is the Key to General Acid-Base Catalysis in Enolase, Biochemistry, 42, 8298-8306 (2003).
3. H. Liu, Y. Zhang, W. Yang, How is the active site of enolase organized to catalyze two different reaction steps, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, 6560-6570 (2000).
4. R.R. Poyner, L.T. Laughlin, G.A. Sowa, G.H. Reed, Toward identification of acid/base catalysts in the active site of enolase: Comparison of the properties of K345A, E168Q and E211Q variants, Biochemistry, 35, 1692-1699 (1996).
5. K. Watabe, E. Freese, Purification and properties of the manganse-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase of Bacillus subtilis, J. Bacteriology, 137, 773-778 (1979).
6. M.J. Jedrzejas, M. Chander, P. Setlow, G. Krishnamurthy, Mechanism of catalysis of the cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Crystal structure of the complex with 2-phosphoglycerate, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 23146-23153 (2000).
7. R.H. Cornforth, J.W. Cornforth, G. Popjak, Preparation of R-and S-Mevalonolactones, Tetrahedron, 18, 1351-1354 (1962).
8. M. Eberle, D. Arigoni, Helv. Chim. Acta, 43, 1508 (1960).9. R.H. Cornforth, K. Fletcher, H. Hellig, G. Popjak, Stereospecificity of Enzymic
Reactions involving Mevalonic Acid, Nature, 185, 923-924 (1960).
L-2-Phos pho gly ceric acid disodium salt hydrate 8
Disodium l-2-phos pho gly cer ate; l-Gly cer ate 2-phos phate disodium salt [23295-92-3] C3H5Na2O7P · xH2O FW 230.02 (Anh) HO ONa
O
OPO
OHONa
HO
H
19710
5-Dehydro quin ic acid potassium salt 8
3-Dehydro quin ic acid potassium salt; (1R,3R,4S)-1,3,4-Tri hydroxy-5-oxo cyclo hexane carboxy lic acid potassium salt [494211-79-9] C7H9KO6 FW 228.24
HO
OH
HO
OO
OK
40216
(R)-(−)-Mevalono lactone 8
(R)-Mevalo lactone; (R)-3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-δ-valero-lactone; d-Mevalonic acid lactone [19115-49-2] MDL MFCD01074894 C6H10O3 FW 130.14 O O
OHH3C
68519
D-Fructose-1,2-cyclic-6-dis phos phate 8
[141875-43-6] C6H12O11P2 FW 322.10
OH
HOO
OPHO
OH
O
OPO OH
O
68872
D(+)2-Phos pho gly ceric acid sodium salt hydrate
d-Gly cer ate 2-phos phate sodium salt; Sodium D-2-phos pho gly cer ate hydrate
[70195-25-4] MDL MFCD00150613
C3H7O7P · H2O FW 252.00 (Anh)
P OO
O
OH
Na+
Na+
OO
• H2O
O
79470-50MG 50 mg
79470-250MG 250 mg
79470-1G 1 g
D-2-Phos pho gly ceric acid barium salt hydrate
2-PG-Ba; d-Gly cer ate 2-phos phate barium salt; Barium d-2-phos pho gly cer ate hydrate
MDL MFCD00150503 C3H5BaO7P · xH2O
FW 321.37 (Anh) P
HO
-O
O
O-
O
OH
O
Ba2+
Substrate for the assay of 3-phosphoglyceric acid mutase1; and enolase2
Lit cited: 1. P. Oesper, Meth. Enzymol. 1, 423 (1955); 2. T. Bücher, Meth. Enzymol. 427
79480
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science 17
Stable Iso
top
e Labeled
Metab
olites
Stable Isotope Labeled Metabolites• ISOTEC® Stable Isotopes
• Amino acids, glucose and lipids labeled with 13C, 15N, D
• Uniformly labeled and site specific labeling available
• S&P tested material available
Selected Products with 13C, 15N, D
Cat. No. Description Isotopic Purity
608025 l-Alanine-1-13C,15N 99 atom % 13C; 98 atom % 15N
643440 l-Arginine-13C6 HCl 98 atom % 15N; 98 atom % 13C
660795 l-Arginine-15N2 HCl (Guanidineimino-15N2), S&P tested
98 atom % 15N
608033 l-Arginine-13C6,15N4 HCI 98 atom % 13C; 98 atom % 15N
660655 d-Glucose-1-13C, S&P tested 99 atom % 13C
661422 d-Glucose-1,2-13C2, S&P tested 99 atom % 13C
660663 d-Glucose-13C6, S&P tested 99 atom % 13C
661414 d-Glucose-6,6-D2, S&P tested 98 atom % D
660728 Glycine-1-13C, S&P tested 99 atom % 13C
661554 l-Leucine-5,5,5-D3, S&P tested 98 atom % D
661538 l-Leucine-1- 13C, S&P tested 99 atom % 13C
604909 l-Leucine-1,2-13C2, S&P tested 99 atom % 13C
608068 l-Leucine-13C6,15N 98 atom % 13C; 98 atom % 15N
616192 l-Lysine-4,4,5,5-D4 HCl 98 atom % D
643459 l-Lysine -13C6, HCl 98 atom % 13C
608041 l-Lysine -13C6,15N2 HCl 98 atom % 13C; 98 atom % 15N
299154 l-Methionine -13C,D3 (methyl-13C,D3) 99 atom % 13C; 98 atom % D
661600 l-Phenylalanine-1-13C, S&P Tested 99 atom % 13C
660884 l-Phenyl-13C6-Alanine, S&P Tested 99 atom % 13C
660892 l-Phenylalanine-15N, S&P Tested 98 atom % 15N
660752 l-Tyrosine-13C6, (phenyl-13C6) 99 atom % 13C
486027 l-Valine-2,3,4,4,4,5,5,5-D8 98 atom % D
For an extensive listing of isotopically-labeled products including amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates labeled with 13C, 15N and/or D visit sigma-aldrich.com/isotec
[13C]-acetyl-CoA
[13C]-citrate
[13C]-isocitrate
[13C]-a-ketoglutarate
[13C]-glutamate
[13C]-succinate[13C]-fumarate
[13C]-malate
[13C]-oxalacetate13C in the
Krebs cycle
Labeled d-Glucose for Metabolic Research Glucose metabolic research continues to grow and Sigma-Aldrich® is committed to meeting the increasing demand. For research programs ranging from brain chemistry to diabetes to childhood obesity, we produce d-Glucose with a variety of isotopic labeling patterns.
18 Order: sigma.com/order Technical service: sigma.com/techinfosigma.com/lifescience
Stab
le Is
oto
pe
Lab
eled
Met
abo
lites
sigma-aldrich.com
Need more information? Please contact Isotec Customer Service:
Telephone: 937-859-1808
Email: [email protected]
Fatty acids are an important energy source in the heart, muscle and liver. Elucidating the metabolic pathways that release this energy continues to be an intense area of research. Fatty acids labeled with 13C and D are used by scientists to explore the transport and oxidation of fatty acids and determine their metabolic fate. The effects of system stresses that mimic diseased states on fatty acid metabolism are also accessible with labeled substrates.
ISOTEC® provides a wide range of labeled compounds for lipid research• Exclusive producer of Acyl 13C Coenzyme A derivatives
• Fatty acids of various chain lengths (including palmitic and oleic acids)
• Triglycerides
• Glycerol
• Coenzyme A, Li Salts
Still can’t find what you are looking for?Our Expert Custom Synthesis Team will help you design your molecule.
• Isotec has the most experienced group of stable isotope scientists
• Our impressive group of Ph.D.s routinely engage in complex multi-step reactions
Cat. No. Description
658650 Acetyl-1,2-13C2 Coenzyme A, Li salt
655759 Malonyl-13C3 Coenzyme A, Li salt
658200 Palmitoyl-1-13C Coenzyme A, Li salt
655716 Palmitoyl-13C16 Coenzyme A, Li salt
675776 Stearoyl-13C18 Coenzyme A, Li salt
675768 Oleoyl-13C18 Coenzyme A, Li salt
Labeled Compounds for Lipid Metabolism Research
Sigma-Aldrich® New Lab Start-Up Program
Are you starting a new lab?Are you moving to a new location?Have you received your first research grant?
If you have answered “yes” to any of the above questions, let us help you get your new lab set up in an easy, effective and economical way with the Sigma-Aldrich New Lab Start-Up Program.
Get started now at sigma-aldrich.com/newlabbio
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science 19
Stable Iso
top
e Labeled
Metab
olites
Other Stable Isotope Labeled Metabolites
Name Cat. No.
Acetaldehyde-2,2,2-d3 487767-1G
Acetaldehyde-d4 176567-1G176567-5G
Acetaldehyde-1-13C 603805
Acetaldehyde-13C2 531227-1G
Acetyl-1,2-13C2-coenzyme A lithium salt 658650
Citric acid-2,2,4,4-d4 485438-1G
Citric acid-1,5-13C2 488607-100MG
Citric acid-2,4-13C2 492078-100MG
Citric acid-13C6 606081-100MG
Ethanol-1-13C 324523-250MG324523-1G
Ethanol-2-13C 427047-1G
Ethanol-13C2 427039-250MG427039-1G
Fumaric acid-2,3-d2 486671-5G
Fumaric acid-d4 485713
Fumaric acid-2,3-13C2 606073
Fumaric acid-13C4 606014
Fumaric acid-13C4,d4 608475
d-Glucose-d12 616338-250MG
d-Glucose-1-d 310816-250MG310816-1G
d-Glucose-2-d1 310824-1G
d-Glucose-3-d1 615498
d-Glucose-6,6-d2 282650-100MG282650-500MG282650-1G
d-Glucose-1-13C 297046-250MG297046-1G297046-10G
d-Glucose-2-13C 310794-250MG310794-1G
d-Glucose-3-13C 605409
d-Glucose-4-13C 668648
d-Glucose-4,5-13C2 605468
d-Glucose-6-13C 310808-100MG310808-500MG
d-Glucose-1,2-13C2 453188-100MG453188-500MG
Name Cat. No.
d-Glucose-1,6-13C2 453196-100MG453196-250MG
d-Glucose-2,5-13C2 605506
d-Glucose-13C6 389374-100MG389374-250MG389374-1G389374-2G389374-3G389374-10G389374-25G
d-Glucose-13C6,1,2,3,4,5,6,6-d7 552151-500MG552151-1G552151-5G
2-Ketopentanedioic acid-d6 615390
l-Lactic acid-1-13C solution 606057
l-Lactic acid-3,3,3-d3 solution 616567
DL-Malic acid-2,3,3-d3 641049
dl-Malic acid-2-13C 603899
Phospho(enol)pyruvic acid-3-13C potassium salt 571237
Pyruvic-1-13C acid (free acid) 677175
Sodium l-lactate-2-d1 solution 589217
Sodium l-lactate-3,3,3-d3 solution 616702-1G
Sodium l-lactate-1-13C solution 606022-1G
Sodium l-lactate-2-13C solution 589209
Sodium l-lactate-2,3-13C solution 606006
Sodium l-lactate-3-13C solution 490040-250MG
Sodium l-lactate-13C3 solution 660817
Sodium pyruvate-1-13C 490709-250MG
Sodium pyruvate-2-13C 490725-500MG
Sodium pyruvate-3-13C 490733-250MG
Sodium pyruvate-3-13C, 3,3,3-d3 608483
Sodium pyruvate-1,2-13C2 493392-500MG
Sodium pyruvate-2,3-13C2 486191-500MG
Sodium pyruvate-13C3 490717-500MG
Succinic acid-2,2,3,3-d4 293075-1G293075-5G
Succinic acid-d6 488356-5G
Succinic acid-1,2-13C2 491977
Succinic acid-1,4-13C2 485349-500MG
Succinic acid-2,3-13C2 488364-100MG
20 Order: sigma.com/order Technical service: sigma.com/techinfosigma.com/lifescience
Met
abo
lite
Ch
rom
ato
gra
ph
ic A
nal
ysis
Metabolite Chromatographic AnalysisAscentis® Express HILIC from Supelco®
Ascentis Express columns provide a breakthrough in HPLC column performance.
The complex nature of metabolomic analysis requires superior separation capabilities. The Ascentis Express columns, based on Fused-Core™ technology offer highly efficient separations without the high backpressure associated with sub-2 µm particles. Due to the high efficiencies at low backpressures, Ascentis Express can benefit both conventional HPLC users as well as UPLC® or other ultra pressure system users.
Ascentis Express Extreme Performance benefits include:
� Double the efficiencies of conventional 3 µm particles
� Equal efficiencies of sub-2 µm columns at half of the backpressure
� Rugged design capable of high pressure operation
2520151050
Length 15 cmDiameter 0.46 cmParticle Size 2.7 µmMobile Phase A Water/Acetonitrile (10:90 v/v); 13m M Ammonium Acetate Mobile Phase B Water; 13mM Ammonium AcetateGradient 0-0B (1 min); 0-90B (19 min)Flow Rate 1 mL/minTemperature 35 °CDetector MS TIC (m/z from 50 to 500)
Retention Time (min)
Tryptamine
Tyramine
Tryptophan
Methionine
β-Alanine
Alanine
Ascentis Express HILIC
Analysis of an amino acid mixture on Ascentis Express HILIC Phase with mass spectrometric detection.
Ascentis® Express HILIC HPLC Column 8
Ascentis Express HPLC columns, through the use of Fused-Core particle technology, can provide you with both the high speed and high efficiencies of sub-2 µm particles while maintaining lower backpressures. The combination of high efficiency and low backpressure benefits UPLC (or other ultra high pressure system) users, as well as conventional HPLC users.
Visit the Ascentis Express home page for more information on this new column technology.
particle size 2.7 μm, L 10 cm × I.D. 2.1 mm53939-U 1 pkg
particle size 2.7 μm, L 15 cm × I.D. 4.6 mm53981-U 1 pkg
For more information about Ascentis Express, visit sigma-aldrich.com/express
Chemistry and Biology are converging to transform the study of cellular physiology and mechanisms of disease.
The new Bioactive Small Molecules catalog is your resource for the latest products
targeting the interface of Chemistry and Biology. Browse thousands of antiproliferatives,
enzyme inhibitors, GPCR ligands, and many other high quality small molecule probes.
Request your copy today at sigma.com/cellbiocat
sigma-aldrich.com
Converge!
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science
Where Chemistry Meets Biology
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science 21
Metab
olite C
hro
mato
grap
hic A
nalysis
CHROMASOLV® SolventsThe CHROMASOLV family of submicron filtered solvents from Sigma-Aldrich® delivers superior purity, stability and lot-to-lot consistency making them ideal for a variety of analytical and preparative separations utilizing LC-MS, HPLC and Spectrophometric analysis.
CHROMASOLV LC-MSThese LC-MS solvents are designed specifically with low content of alkaline impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, which can interfere in the analysis by forming adducts with the analytes. CHROMASOLV LC-MS solvents are also run through specific UV-spectroscopic quality control tests and LC-MS suitability evaluation to guarantee usability.
CHROMASOLV LC-MS Solvents Cat. No.
2-Propanol, ≥99.9% 34965
Acetonitrile, ≥99.9% 34967
Ethyl acetate, ≥99.7% 34972
Heptane, ≥99% 34999
Hexane, ≥97% 34986
Methanol, ≥99.9% 34966
Water 39253
CHROMASOLV LC-MS BlendsLC-MS allows the detection and quantification of many analytes. The minimization of artifacts requires very well specified solvents spiked with ultra pure salts and acids. These additives are used to improve the chromatographic peak shape and to optimize ionization in the MS interface.
CHROMASOLV LC-MS Solvent Blends Cat. No.
Acetonitrile with 0.1% acetic acid 34678
Acetonitrile with 0.1% ammonium acetate 34669
Acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid 34668
Acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid and 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid 34676
Acetonitrile with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid 34976
Methanol with 0.1% acetic acid 34672
Methanol with 0.1% ammonium acetate 34670
Methanol with 0.1% formic acid 34671
Methanol with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid 34974
Water with 0.1% acetic acid 34675
Water with 0.1% ammonium acetate 34674
Water with 0.1% formic acid 34673
Water with 0.1% formic acid and 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid 34677
Water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid 34978
Rinsing agent for LC-MS 34689
CHROMASOLV PlusManufactured to go beyond our CHROMASOLV for HPLC to be your high-purity, multipurpose solvent. Tested to meet the most demanding HPLC requirements as well as spectrophotometry, residual analysis and LC-MS applications.
CHROMASOLV Plus Solvents Cat. No.
Acetone, ≥99.9% 650501
Acetonitrile, ≥99.9% 34998
Benzene, ≥99.9% 270709
1-Butanol, ≥99.7% 34867
Butyl acetate, 99.7% 270687
tert-Butyl methyl ether, 99.9% 650560
Chloroform, ≥99.9%, contains amylenes as stabilizer 650498
Chloroform, ≥99.9%, contains 0.5-1.0% ethanol as stabilizer 650471
Cyclohexane, ≥99.9% 650455
Dichloromethane, ≥99.9%, contains 50-150 ppm amylene as stabilizer
650463
N,N-Dimethylacetamide, ≥99.9% 270555
N,N-Dimethylformamide, ≥99.9% 270547
Dimethyl sulfoxide, ≥99.7% 34869
1,4-Dioxane, ≥99.5% 34857
Ethyl acetate, 99.9% 650528
Heptane, 99% 650536
Hexane, ≥95% 650552
Hexane, mixture of isomers, ≥98.5% 650544
Methanol, ≥99.9% 646377
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, ≥99% 270458
2-Propanol, 99.9% 650447
Pyridine, ≥99.9% 270407
Tetrahydrofuran, ≥99.9%, inhibitor-free 34865
Toluene, ≥99.9% 650579
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, ≥99.5% 650439
Water 34877
o-Xylene, 98% 295884
22 Order: sigma.com/order Technical service: sigma.com/techinfosigma.com/lifescience
Met
abo
lite
Ch
rom
ato
gra
ph
ic A
nal
ysis
CHROMASOLV HPLCDesigned for use with HPLC instrumentation and organic synthesis applications. CHROMASOLV HPLC solvents are glass distilled; submicron filtered and undergoes rigorous specification testing to provide you with lot-to-lot consistency.
CHROMASOLV HPLC Solvents Cat. No.
Acetone, ≥99.9% 270725
Acetonitrile, gradient, ≥99.9% 34851
Benzonitrile, 99.9% 270318
tert-Butanol, ≥99.5% 308250
2-Butanone, ≥99.7% 34861
tert-Butyl methyl ether, ≥99.8% 34875
Carbon disulfide, ≥99.9% 270660
Carbon tetrachloride, ≥99.9% 270652
Chlorobenzene, 99.9% 270644
1-Chlorobutane, ≥99.8% 34958
Chloroform, ≥99.8%, contains amylenes as stabilizer 34854
Chloroform, ≥99.8%, contains 0.5-1.0% ethanol as stabilizer 366927
Cyclohexane, ≥99.7% 34855
Cyclopentane, ≥75% cyclopentane basis 270601
1,2-Dichlorobenzene, 99% 270598
Dichloromethane, ≥99.8%, contains amylene as stabilizer 34856
Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, ≥99% 308277
Diethyl ether, ≥99.9%, inhibitor-free 309966
1,2-Dimethoxyethane, 99.9% 307432
Ethanol, denatured 270741
Ethyl acetate, ≥99.7% 34858
Heptane, ≥96% 592579
Heptane, ≥99% 34873
Hexane, ≥95% 270504
CHROMASOLV HPLC Solvents Cat. No.
Hexane, ≥97% 34859
Hexane, mixture of isomers, ≥98.5% 293253
Methanol, gradient, ≥99.9% 34885
Methanol, ≥99.9% 34860
2-Methoxyethanol, ≥99.9% 270482
2-Methoxyethyl acetate, ≥99% 308269
2-Methylbutane, ≥99.5% 270342
4-Methyl-2-pentanone, ≥99.5% 293261
2-Methyl-1-propanol, 99.5% 270466
Nitromethane, ≥96% 270423
1-Octanol, ≥99% 293245
Pentane, ≥99% 34956
2-Pentanone, 99.5% 471194
3-Pentanone, 96% 270334
1-Propanol, ≥99.9% 34871
2-Propanol, ≥99.8% 34863
Propylene carbonate, 99.7% 414220
Tetrachloroethylene, ≥99.9% 270393
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, ≥99.7% 34874
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, ≥99% 34862
Toluene, 99.9% 34866
Water 270733
p-Xylene, ≥99% 317195
CHROMASOLV HPLC BlendsConvenient and accurate pre-blended solvents for HPLC and LC-MS applications. Eliminates time-consuming mobile phase preparation as well as lost sample information and instrument down-time caused by impure mobile phases. For consistent baselines and minimal background noise, these blends are prepared with ultra pure acids.
CHROMASOLV HPLC Solvent Blends Cat. No.
Acetonitrile with 0.1% acetic acid 590754
Acetonitrile with 0.1% ammonium hydroxide 639133
Acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid 576956
Acetonitrile with 0.035% trifluoroacetic acid 565423
Acetonitrile with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid 574724
Acetonitrile with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid 574732
CHROMASOLV HPLC Solvent Blends Cat. No.
Methanol with 0.1% formic acid 632546
Water with 0.1% ammonium hydroxide 639141
Water with 0.1% formic acid 576913
Water with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid 590142
Water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid 576905
Sigma-Aldrich®
Stem Cell Biology Platform!
Infinite Expansion, Infinite Potential!
Sigma-Aldrich is pleased to announce the latest and most comprehensive selection of products for stem cell research! This platform is comprised of products necessary to the stem cell workflow from isolation and cryopreservation to in vivo tracking with all of the related profiling tools in between!
Please visit sigma.com/stembio to view our complete portfolio!
In addition to our product profiles you will also find the latest references, application notes, and a new Bulletin Board feature that will enable stem cell scientists like you to consult and exchange ideas and information!
Our Innovation, Your Research — Shaping the Future of Life Science
sigma-aldrich.com
Our NEW Stem Cell Biology Platform begins with our comprehensive web site! Easily find products and detailed usage information in the following stem cell areas:
n Isolation
n Expansion
n Characterization
n Differentiation
n Functional Profiling
n In vivo tracking and
n Much More!
KTK70525-506278
0088
©2008 Sigma-Aldrich Co. All rights reserved. SIGMA, , SAFC, , SIGMA-ALDRICH, ALDRICH, , FLUKA, , and SUPELCO, are trademarks belonging to Sigma-Aldrich Co. and its affiliate Sigma-Aldrich Biotechnology, L.P. Sigma brand products are sold through Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. warrants that its products conform to the information contained in this and other Sigma-Aldrich publications. Purchaser must determine the suitability of the product(s) for their particular use. Additional terms and conditions may apply. Please see reverse side of the invoice or packing slip. Fused-Core is a trademark of Advanced Materials Technology, Inc. TWEEN is a registered trademark of Croda International PLC. Eppendorf is a registered trademark of Eppendorf-Netheler-Hinz GmbH. Sepharose is a registered trademark of GE Healthcare. Coomassie is a registered trademark of Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. LOPAC, Prestige Antibodies, and ProteoSilver are trademarks of Sigma-Aldrich Biotechnology LP and Sigma-Aldrich Co. Ascentis, CHROMASOLV, ISOTEC, MISSION, Stemline, and TraceSELECT are registered trademarks of Sigma-Aldrich Biotechnology LP and Sigma-Aldrich Co. UPLC is a registered trademark of Waters Corp.
Sigma-Aldrich3050 Spruce StreetSt. Louis, MO 63103 USAsigma-aldrich.com
World Headquarters3050 Spruce St., St. Louis, MO 63103(314) 771-5765sigma-aldrich.com
Order/Customer Service (800) 325-3010 • Fax (800) 325-5052
Technical Service (800) 325-5832 • sigma-aldrich.com/techservice
Development/Bulk Manufacturing Inquiries (800) 244-1173
Accelerating Customers’
Success through Leadership
in Life Science, High
Technology and Service
ArgentinaSIGMA-ALDRICH DE ARGENTINA S.A. Free Tel: 0810 888 7446 Tel: (+54) 11 4556 1472 Fax: (+54) 11 4552 1698
AustraliaSIGMA-ALDRICH PTY LTD. Free Tel: 1800 800 097 Free Fax: 1800 800 096 Tel: (+61) 2 9841 0555 Fax: (+61) 2 9841 0500
AustriaSIGMA-ALDRICH HANDELS GmbH Tel: (+43) 1 605 81 10 Fax: (+43) 1 605 81 20
BelgiumSIGMA-ALDRICH NV/S.A.Free Tel: 0800 14747 Free Fax: 0800 14745 Tel: (+32) 3 899 13 01 Fax: (+32) 3 899 13 11
BrazilSIGMA-ALDRICH BRASIL LTDA.Free Tel: 0800 701 7425 Tel: (+55) 11 3732 3100 Fax: (+55) 11 5522 9895
CanadaSIGMA-ALDRICH CANADA LTD.Free Tel: 1800 565 1400 Free Fax: 1800 265 3858 Tel: (+1) 905 829 9500 Fax: (+1) 905 829 9292
ChinaSIGMA-ALDRICH (SHANGHAI) TRADING CO. LTD.Free Tel: 800 819 3336 Tel: (+86) 21 6141 5566 Fax: (+86) 21 6141 5567
Czech RepublicSIGMA-ALDRICH spol. s r. o. Tel: (+420) 246 003 200 Fax: (+420) 246 003 291
DenmarkSIGMA-ALDRICH DENMARK A/S Tel: (+45) 43 56 59 10 Fax: (+45) 43 56 59 05
FinlandSIGMA-ALDRICH FINLAND OYTel: (+358) 9 350 9250 Fax: (+358) 9 350 92555
FranceSIGMA-ALDRICH CHIMIE S.à.r.l. Free Tel: 0800 211 408Free Fax: 0800 031 052Tel: (+33) 474 82 28 00 Fax: (+33) 474 95 68 08
GermanySIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE GmbHFree Tel: 0800 51 55 000 Free Fax: 0800 64 90 000 Tel: (+49) 89 6513 0 Fax: (+49) 89 6513 1160
GreeceSIGMA-ALDRICH (O.M.) LTD.Tel: (+30) 210 994 8010 Fax: (+30) 210 994 3831
HungarySIGMA-ALDRICH Kft Ingyenes zöld telefon: 06 80 355 355 Ingyenes zöld fax: 06 80 344 344 Tel: (+36) 1 235 9055 Fax: (+36) 1 235 9050
IndiaSIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMICALS PRIVATE LIMITED Telephone Bangalore: (+91) 80 6621 9600 New Delhi: (+91) 11 4358 8000 Mumbai: (+91) 22 2570 2364 Hyderabad: (+91) 40 4015 5488 Fax Bangalore: (+91) 80 6621 9650 New Delhi: (+91) 11 4358 8001 Mumbai: (+91) 22 2579 7589 Hyderabad: (+91) 40 4015 5466
IrelandSIGMA-ALDRICH IRELAND LTD. Free Tel: 1800 200 888 Free Fax: 1800 600 222
IsraelSIGMA-ALDRICH ISRAEL LTD.Free Tel: 1 800 70 2222 Tel: (+972) 8 948 4100 Fax: (+972) 8 948 4200
ItalySIGMA-ALDRICH S.r.l. Numero Verde: 800 827018 Tel: (+39) 02 3341 7310 Fax: (+39) 02 3801 0737
JapanSIGMA-ALDRICH JAPAN K.K. Tel: (+81) 3 5796 7300 Fax: (+81) 3 5796 7315
KoreaSIGMA-ALDRICH KOREA Free Tel: (+82) 80 023 7111 Free Fax: (+82) 80 023 8111 Tel: (+82) 31 329 9000 Fax: (+82) 31 329 9090
MalaysiaSIGMA-ALDRICH (M) SDN. BHDTel: (+60) 3 5635 3321 Fax: (+60) 3 5635 4116
MexicoSIGMA-ALDRICH QUÍMICA, S.A. de C.V.Free Tel: 01 800 007 5300 Free Fax: 01 800 712 9920 Tel: 52 722 276 1600 Fax: 52 722 276 1601
The NetherlandsSIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE BVFree Tel: 0800 022 9088 Free Fax: 0800 022 9089 Tel: (+31) 78 620 5411 Fax: (+31) 78 620 5421
New ZealandSIGMA-ALDRICH NEW ZEALAND LTD. Free Tel: 0800 936 666 Free Fax: 0800 937 777 Tel: (+61) 2 9841 0555 Fax: (+61) 2 9841 0500
NorwaySIGMA-ALDRICH NORWAY AS Tel: (+47) 23 17 60 60 Fax: (+47) 23 17 60 50
PolandSIGMA-ALDRICH Sp. z o.o. Tel: (+48) 61 829 01 00 Fax: (+48) 61 829 01 20
PortugalSIGMA-ALDRICH QUÍMICA, S.A.Free Tel: 800 202 180 Free Fax: 800 202 178 Tel: (+351) 21 924 2555 Fax: (+351) 21 924 2610
RussiaSIGMA-ALDRICH RUS, LLC Tel: +7 (495) 621 6037 +7 (495) 621 5828 Fax: +7 (495) 621 5923
SingaporeSIGMA-ALDRICH PTE. LTD.Tel: (+65) 6779 1200 Fax: (+65) 6779 1822
SlovakiaSIGMA-ALDRICH spol. s r. o. Tel: (+421) 255 571 562Fax: (+421) 255 571 564
South AfricaSIGMA-ALDRICH SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD.Free Tel: 0800 1100 75 Free Fax: 0800 1100 79 Tel: (+27) 11 979 1188 Fax: (+27) 11 979 1119
SpainSIGMA-ALDRICH QUÍMICA, S.A.Free Tel: 900 101 376 Free Fax: 900 102 028 Tel: (+34) 91 661 99 77 Fax: (+34) 91 661 96 42
SwedenSIGMA-ALDRICH SWEDEN ABTel: (+46) 8 742 4200 Fax: (+46) 8 742 4243
SwitzerlandSIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE GmbH Free Tel: 0800 80 00 80 Free Fax: 0800 80 00 81 Tel: (+41) 81 755 2828 Fax: (+41) 81 755 2815
United KingdomSIGMA-ALDRICH COMPANY LTD.Free Tel: 0800 717 181 Free Fax: 0800 378 785 Tel: (+44) 1747 833 000 Fax: (+44) 1747 833 313 SAFC (UK) Free Tel: 01202 712305
United StatesSIGMA-ALDRICH P.O. Box 14508 St. Louis, Missouri 63178 Toll-Free: 800 325 3010 Toll-Free Fax: 800 325 5052 Call Collect: (+1) 314 771 5750 Tel: (+1) 314 771 5765 Fax: (+1) 314 771 5757
Internet sigma-aldrich.com