Life in the 13 ColoniesLife in the 13 Colonies

Three Groups of ColoniesThree Groups of Colonies

New EnglandNew England

Long, cold wintersLong, cold winters

Rocky soil difficult to grow foodRocky soil difficult to grow food

Used trees to build shipsUsed trees to build ships

Fishing, hunting whale, tradingFishing, hunting whale, trading

Religion was center of lifeReligion was center of life

Puritans/ SeperatistsPuritans/ Seperatists

Believe God Believe God rewarded hard workrewarded hard work

In most towns built In most towns built meeting housesmeeting houses

Male church Male church members who owned members who owned property could voteproperty could vote

Beginning of Beginning of American DemocracyAmerican Democracy

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

Milder climate and better soilMilder climate and better soil

Settlers were from Germany, Sweden, Settlers were from Germany, Sweden, France, and Scotland. (Toleration Act) France, and Scotland. (Toleration Act)

Most were farmersMost were farmers

Considered bread basket of the coloniesConsidered bread basket of the colonies

Grew large amounts of grain for tradingGrew large amounts of grain for trading

Quakers were the predominent religion Quakers were the predominent religion found in Pennsylvania.found in Pennsylvania.

Dutch to EnglishDutch to English

England takes over Dutch New England takes over Dutch New Amsterdam and renames it New York in Amsterdam and renames it New York in 16641664

Named after and given to King Charles II’s Named after and given to King Charles II’s brother Duke of Yorkbrother Duke of York

Proprietary ColonyProprietary Colony

By 1683 colony grew to 12,000 By 1683 colony grew to 12,000

Allowed an elected assembly in 1691Allowed an elected assembly in 1691

New JerseyNew Jersey

Given to Lord John Berkeley and George Given to Lord John Berkeley and George Carteret by Duke of YorkCarteret by Duke of York

Southern portion of his colony between Southern portion of his colony between Hudson and Delaware Rivers.Hudson and Delaware Rivers.

Land given to attract settlers.Land given to attract settlers.

Freedom of religion and trial by jury Freedom of religion and trial by jury guaranteed.guaranteed.

Ethnic and religiously diverse.Ethnic and religiously diverse.

Passed back to King in 1702Passed back to King in 1702

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Given to William Penn by King Charles Given to William Penn by King Charles

Paid a debt owed to Penn’s fatherPaid a debt owed to Penn’s father

Means “Penn’s Woods”Means “Penn’s Woods”

Quaker “Holy Experiment”Quaker “Holy Experiment”

Believed all equal in God’s eyesBelieved all equal in God’s eyes

Would not fight in warsWould not fight in wars

Philadelphia “City of Brotherly Love”Philadelphia “City of Brotherly Love”

Settlers paid Native Americans for landSettlers paid Native Americans for land

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

Warmer than the other two coloniesWarmer than the other two colonies

Could grow crops throughout the year, Could grow crops throughout the year, either cash crops or subsistence crops.either cash crops or subsistence crops.

Large area of flat ground with good soilLarge area of flat ground with good soil

Tobacco and Rice grown on large Tobacco and Rice grown on large plantationsplantations

Mostly traded with New EnglandMostly traded with New England

MarylandMaryland

Established by Catholic Sir George Established by Catholic Sir George Calvert: Lord BaltimoreCalvert: Lord Baltimore

Started as a safe haven for CatholicsStarted as a safe haven for Catholics

Granted as proprietary colony by King Granted as proprietary colony by King Charles ICharles I

Named After English Queen Henrietta Named After English Queen Henrietta MariaMaria

Brothers of Calvert ran colonyBrothers of Calvert ran colony

MarylandMaryland

Large estates given to rich relativesLarge estates given to rich relatives

Promised 100 acres to new settlersPromised 100 acres to new settlers

100 for each servant and 50 acres for 100 for each servant and 50 acres for each childeach child

Imported indentured servants and slavesImported indentured servants and slaves

North and SouthNorth and South

Mason-Dixon LineMason-Dixon Line

Created to settle boundary dispute Created to settle boundary dispute between Pennsylvania and Marylandbetween Pennsylvania and Maryland

PA Protestants harrassed MD CatholicsPA Protestants harrassed MD Catholics

Act of TolerationAct of Toleration

Granted Protestants and Catholics right to Granted Protestants and Catholics right to worship freelyworship freely

Protestant controlled English government Protestant controlled English government made Anglican Church official church of made Anglican Church official church of Maryland.Maryland.

Imposed restrictions on Catholics as was Imposed restrictions on Catholics as was done in Englanddone in England

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon,welathy young planterNathaniel Bacon,welathy young planter

Opposed colonial government dominated Opposed colonial government dominated by easternersby easterners

Disagreed with pledge to stay out of Disagreed with pledge to stay out of Native American territory to the westNative American territory to the west

Bacon led angry mob to attack Native Bacon led angry mob to attack Native American villagesAmerican villages

Set fire to JamestownSet fire to Jamestown

Showed that restricting settlers desire for Showed that restricting settlers desire for land would not be tolerated well.land would not be tolerated well.

CarolinaCarolina

1663, King Charles II created as 1663, King Charles II created as proprietary colony south of VAproprietary colony south of VA

Carolina means “Charles’ Land”Carolina means “Charles’ Land”

Ran by 8 members of his court who Ran by 8 members of his court who helped him regain his throne helped him regain his throne

Charles Town later renamed Charleston Charles Town later renamed Charleston after King Charles IIafter King Charles II

John Locke wrote Carolina ConstitutionJohn Locke wrote Carolina Constitution

North CarolinaNorth Carolina

Settled by farmers from VA backcountrySettled by farmers from VA backcountry

Grew tobacco and sold timber and tarGrew tobacco and sold timber and tar

Relied on VA’s portsRelied on VA’s ports

Began to plant rice as cash cropBegan to plant rice as cash crop

Coastal wet lowlandsCoastal wet lowlands

Eliza Lucas developed Indigo (blue dye)Eliza Lucas developed Indigo (blue dye)

South CarolinaSouth Carolina

Settled by English from Barbados in Settled by English from Barbados in CaribbeanCaribbean

Brought African slavesBrought African slaves

Grew many acres of riceGrew many acres of rice

1719, settlers siezed control from its 1719, settlers siezed control from its owners and created royal colonies of owners and created royal colonies of North and South CarolinaNorth and South Carolina

Georgia is for “debtors”!Georgia is for “debtors”!

Founded by General James OglethorpeFounded by General James Oglethorpe

Created for debtors and criminalsCreated for debtors and criminals

Buffer against Spanish FloridaBuffer against Spanish Florida

Banned Catholics, Slaves and RumBanned Catholics, Slaves and Rum

Poor people from English and religious Poor people from English and religious refugees from Europe settle GArefugees from Europe settle GA

Became Royal colony in 1751Became Royal colony in 1751

Plantation LifePlantation Life

Almost everything a planter needed could Almost everything a planter needed could be made on the plantationbe made on the plantation

Lived in large houseLived in large house

OwnerOwner’’s wife ran the house and managed s wife ran the house and managed slavesslaves

Slaves were imported from AfricaSlaves were imported from Africa

Slave codes were passed to control slavesSlave codes were passed to control slaves

Religion in the ColoniesReligion in the Colonies

Religion was Religion was important in the 13 important in the 13 coloniescolonies

Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards important leader of important leader of Great AwakeningGreat Awakening

““All people were All people were equal before Godequal before God””

Taught people to read Taught people to read the bible for the bible for themselvesthemselves

EducationEducation

New England was the first to develop New England was the first to develop public schoolspublic schools

Puritans believed everyone should be able Puritans believed everyone should be able to read the bibleto read the bible

In 1647 first school law passedIn 1647 first school law passed

More than fifty families to a town must hire More than fifty families to a town must hire a teachera teacher

More than 100 must start grammar school More than 100 must start grammar school

Types of ColoniesTypes of Colonies

Charter ColoniesCharter Colonies– King gave settlers grants or rights to settle an King gave settlers grants or rights to settle an

area (CT and RI)area (CT and RI)– Elected their governors and legislatorsElected their governors and legislators– Governor could not overturn legislative Governor could not overturn legislative

decisionsdecisions

Types of Colonies (cont’d)Types of Colonies (cont’d)

Proprietary ColoniesProprietary Colonies– Ruled by proprietors who had been granted Ruled by proprietors who had been granted

land in America by the King of Englandland in America by the King of England– Free to rule as they wished within reasonFree to rule as they wished within reason– Appointed governor and upper house Appointed governor and upper house – Colonists elected members of lower houseColonists elected members of lower house

Types of Colonies (cont’d)Types of Colonies (cont’d)

Royal ColoniesRoyal Colonies– Ruled directly by King and ParliamentRuled directly by King and Parliament– King chose governor and upper houseKing chose governor and upper house– Colonists chose lower house (often conflicted Colonists chose lower house (often conflicted

with upper house who did as King told them to with upper house who did as King told them to do)do)

– By 1760 included GA, MA,NH,NY,NC,SC,and By 1760 included GA, MA,NH,NY,NC,SC,and VAVA

Voting Rights in the ColoniesVoting Rights in the Colonies

White men who owned property were only White men who owned property were only colonists allowed to votecolonists allowed to vote

Women, indentured servants, slaves, Women, indentured servants, slaves, landless poor, and free African-Americans landless poor, and free African-Americans were not allowed to vote.were not allowed to vote.

Even with limited voting rights, colonies Even with limited voting rights, colonies had largest participation of citizens in had largest participation of citizens in government compared with Europe.government compared with Europe.

Freedom of the PressFreedom of the Press

1735-John Peter Zenger sued by Crown 1735-John Peter Zenger sued by Crown for libelfor libel

Alexander Hamilton defended Zenger Alexander Hamilton defended Zenger stating free speech was a basic right of all stating free speech was a basic right of all English people.English people.

Zenger found not guilty and the beginning Zenger found not guilty and the beginning of a free press in America was bornof a free press in America was born

Colonial TradeColonial Trade

Most colonies traded with Most colonies traded with each other and New each other and New England England

Mercantilism (the theory Mercantilism (the theory that a nation could only that a nation could only become rich by gaining become rich by gaining wealth from rival nations) wealth from rival nations) I.e. MONEY=POWER.I.e. MONEY=POWER.

Navigation ActNavigation Act– Forced the colonies to trade Forced the colonies to trade

mainly with England. The mainly with England. The effect of this was smuggling.effect of this was smuggling.

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

Boston sends a ship Boston sends a ship with fur to Francewith fur to France

In France the ship In France the ship trades fur for fruit and trades fur for fruit and wine not available in wine not available in EnglandEngland

Ship goes to England Ship goes to England and trades fruit and and trades fruit and wine for furniture to wine for furniture to take to Bostontake to Boston