lfs2010

Labour Force Survey Report, 2010

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Contents:

Page No.:

Table of contents 1 Foreword 2

Indicators 3 Section 1 Introduction 4-7 Section 2 Concepts and definition 8-11

Section 3 Summary findings 12-27 National level force statistics 28-124 Chapter 1 Demographic characteristics 29-30

Chapter 2 Employment status 31-33

Chapter 3 Employment status by age and type of enterprise 34-37 Chapter 4 Employment status by completed level of education 38-49 Chapter 5 Employment Status by age, sec and area of residence 50-51 Chapter 6 Employment status by major economic activity and nature of employment 52-56 Chapter 7 Employment status by major economic activity and major occupation 57-61 Chapter 8 Employment status by total hours worked 62-66 Chapter 9 Employment status by major occupation and total hours worked 67-69 Chapter 10 Employment status by employment nature and total hours worked 70-72

Chapter 11 Employment status by major economic activity and completed level of education 73-77 Chapter 12 Employment status by employment nature and completed level of education 78-82 Chapter 13 Employment status by major occupation and employment nature 83-87 Chapter 14 Employment status by additional job 88-94 Chapter 15 Reasons for working more than 48 hours 95-97 Chapter 16 Range of monthly earnings by major occupation 98-100 Chapter 17 Unemployment status by age, sex and area of residence 101-103 Chapter 18 Economically inactive population 104-106 Chapter 19 Population by age, marital status and sex 107-112 Chapter 20 Population by completed level of education 113-121

Chapter 21 Migration 122-124


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FOREWORD

The Labour Market Information Division of the Department of Employment, Ministry of Labour and Human Resources (MoLHR) is pleased to publish the 8th National Labour Force Survey Report, 2010 conducted during March-April, 2010.

The stability and growth of the countrys economy depend on the proper execution of planning and decision making. For this purpose, it is necessary to have a clear knowledge and understanding of the size, composition and economic characteristics of the population. Therefore, it is imperative to know and monitor the growth of human resources categorized by its respective demographic features and educational level on a timely basis.

The Ministry of Labour and Human Resources has been conducting the Labour Force Survey (LFS) since 1998. Since then, it has become a regular activity of MoLHR. The Department of Employment will conduct the Labour Force Survey annually to enable the Ministry to assess the current and emerging labour situation in the country.

We would like to express our deep appreciation and acknowledge for the cooperation received from the National Statistics Bureau (NSB). I would also like to extend special thanks to the Dzongkhag Administrations, the Thuemis, Gups, Geog Administrative Officers, Chupons, and Mang Aps for their generous cooperation and support rendered to our survey teams without which the survey would not have been possible.

I am hopeful that this survey report will be informative and a useful document to people working at all levels of administration, decision making, planning, research and other group of beneficiaries. Suggestions and comments are welcomed for its further improvement.


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INDICATORS

Sl. Indicator Year

2001 2003 2004 2006 2009 2010 1 Population distribution by age structure (%)


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SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION

Labour Force Survey is a regular activity of the Labour Market Information Division under the Department of Employment. It is conducted with a fixed reference period owing to which it is expected that there will be a slight variation in the activity. This is the 8th nationwide Labour Force Survey, which has covered a national representative of 12,000 households (urban=9000 & rural=3000). The survey covered more sample households in the urban areas because the urban population is more heterogeneous. The data includes demographic characteristics and economic characteristics.

1. METHODOLOGY

The statistics contained in this publication are based upon information obtained from 12,000 sampled households (Urban and Rural). Personal interviews were carried out in each representative household. Out of 12,000 dwellings drawn at random from an estimated population of 47,115 listed households, only 11,719 Households (questionnaires) were fully completed, giving 97.7% of completion rate. Of 12,000 households, 281 households were non-respondents giving 2.3% of incompletion rate. The household listing had been established in 2005 from the Population Housing Census of Bhutan taken by the Office of the Census Commissioner (OCC).

2. OBJECTIVES & COVERAGE

Labour Force Survey aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labour market.

Specifically, the survey is designed to provide statistics on levels and trends of employment, unemployment, labour force participation and various other socio-economic characteristics. Broadly the objective of the survey is to generate the following information:

Percentage of economically active population Labour force participation rate Status of active population in number (employed + unemployed) The labour force available in the country by age group, sex, level of education,

nationality, marital status, area of residence, by industrial and occupational classification, hours of work.

The survey also provides information on main and subsidiary economic activities and womens participation in the total labour force. It also reveals the labour situation especially the young generation entering into labour market and unemployment problem.

The survey covered all the 20 Dzongkhags and 200 sampled chiwogs in the rural areas and 251 sampled blocks in the urban area. The foreign nationals and those members who were temporarily absent from the households but living in the institutions like school, hostels, army


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barracks, hospital and prisons were included. Concurrently, the survey excluded those members who were absent from the household for more than six months.

3. QUESTIONNAIRE

The questionnaire used for 8th Labour Force Survey is the revised form of 2009 Labour Force Survey questionnaire. This had been done by the group from the four Departments and Labour Market Information Division of the Ministry of Labour and Human Resources.

The questionnaire has been pre-tested and reviewed number of times to ensure its precision. The questionnaire comprises two parts, namely, the socio-demographic characteristics and economic characteristics. The economic characteristics is collected only from those persons aged 15 years and above as per the International Labour Organization (ILO) definition of economically active cohort of population. (A copy of the questionnaire is attached in the annexure for reference)

4. SAMPLE DESIGN

Universe: The universe for Labour Force Survey 2010 consists of all the urban and rural of Bhutan i.e all the 20 Dzongkhags

i. Sampling Frame: The sampling frame has been developed by the National Statistics Bureau. Each town in a Dzongkhag has been divided into numerous enumeration blocks. The block for the urban has been demarcated by the Department of Urban and Housing Development, Ministry of Works and Human Settlement. Enumeration blocks for urban and chiwogs for rural have been considered as Primary Sampling Unit (PSUs). The households in both urban and rural were considered as Secondary Sampling Unit (SSUs).

ii. Stratification Plan: Each Dzongkhag is considered as primary stratum the stratifying factors used were the geographical demarcation of the administrative boundaries carried by the Department of Survey & Land Records, Ministry of Agriculture. There were two sub-strata i.e urban and rural.

iii. Sample Design: A stratified two-stage sample design has been adopted for the survey. a. Selection of primary sampling units (PSUs): The blocks and the chiwogs have been

taken as the PSUs in urban and rural respectively. In both the urban and rural areas the blocks and chiwogs were selected with Probability to Size (PPS) using Circular Systematic Sampling (CSS).

b. Selection of secondary sampling units (SSUs): The households in the sampled blocks and chiwogs were considered as SSUs. A fixed number of sample households have been selected from the selected PSUs by CSS method.


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iv. Sample size and its allocation: Considering the availability of resources, the nature of population distribution and the variability of characteristics for which the estimates are to be made, a sample of 12000 households have been found appropriate to provide reliable estimate of key labour force characteristics. This is also based on the past experience.

Area Bhutan Sample for LFS 2010

Sampling Fraction Total no. of

blocks/chiwogs Blocks/chiwogs Households Urban 281 251 9,000 1/4 Rural 1,906 200 3,000 1/29 Total 2,187 451 12,000 1/10

5. Distribution of sampled blocks/chiwogs and households under each Dzongkhag, 2010

Sl. Name of Dzongkhag

Urban Rural Total Number

of sample blocks

Number of sample

households

Number of sample

chiwogs

Number of sample

households

Number of households

1 Bumthang 5 90 4 60 150 2 Chukha 54 1,845 14 210 2,055 3 Dagana 6 150 7 105 255 4 Gasa 1 60 3 45 105 5 Haa 4 150 4 60 210 6 Lhuntse 3 135 10 150 285 7 Mongar 13 300 15 225 525 8 Paro 5 195 10 150 345 9 Pemagatshel 11 195 10 150 345 10 Punakha/Khuru 1 120 9 135 255 11 Samdrupjongkhar 17 465 13 195 660 12 Samtse 18 510 22 330 840 13 Sarpang 16 510 9 135 645 14 Thimphu 66 3,060 5 75 3,135 15 Trashigang 9 270 26 390 660 16 Trongsa 3 150 5 75 225 17 Tsirang 2 120 7 105 225 18 Wangdue 6 345 12 180 525 19 Yangtse 4 195 8 120 315 20 Zhemgang 7 135 7 105 240

Total 251 9,000 200 3,000 12,000 Note: Some blocks/chiwogs are selected twice and thrice etc. and will have to be adjusted in selection of households within the selected blocks/chiwogs.


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8. Field Operation: Ministry of Labour and Human Resources is the organization responsible for collection, processing, compilation and dissemination of labour statistics.

For maintaining the conformity of survey concepts, definitions and procedure to be used during enumeration, training for duration of 1 week was imparted to the concerned supervisors and enumerators on interviewing techniques and survey procedures to be used during the enumeration. For quality control, supervisors made frequent visits to the field for spot- checking during data collection process.

9. Method of data collection: Data have been collected by direct interview method. There were 111 enumerators in the field led by 13 supervisors. The information collected pertains to the reference period (one week before the actual date of the interview).

10. Non-response rate: Out of 12000 households, 281were found as non-response which comes to 2.3%. One major source of non-sampling error is non-response. Non-response is caused due to absence of occupants in the sample house, may be due to total refusal to answer any of the questions and sometimes when the interviewee is incapable to answer.

11. Data Processing: Soon after data collection, the supervisors were made responsible to edit and check the filled in questionnaires for consistency and completeness and referred back to field where necessary. Further coding, manual checking and editing were done at the headquarters by the Labour Market Information Division. Also during data entry in CSPRO, further identified errors were edited by applying computer edit checks, data ranges in numerical values in order to eliminate erroneous data as result of mistakes made during coding. The survey records were edited and corrected through a series of computer processing stages.


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SECTION 2 - CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS

In order to enable users to interpret the results from Labour Force Survey, it is essential to be familiar with the concepts used. The definitions and explanations for each of the key concepts are given below:

1. Reference period

Last one week prior to the date of enumeration has been used as the reference period for work activities.

2. Work

According to ILO standards and United Nations 1993 System of National Accounts, work includes any kind of works or businesses including collecting water or firewood, cow herding, tailoring or making mates, etc. even for the households own consumption.

Examples of activities which are counted as a work

Activities counted as work

Growing or gathering crops from the field, producing eggs, milk, food, cow herding, etc. Milling and other food processing activities, milling grains, making butter and cheese,

brewing local wine, etc. Yarning and weaving clothes, making baskets and mats, peat making, tailoring, and

making furniture, etc Construction of own house/buildings, major renovation of private roads and other private

facilities. Fetching water, cutting or collecting firewood. Activities of a religious order such as a Rimdro, rituals etc.

Activities not counted as work

Preparing and serving meals Unpaid family member (baby-sitting, training & instructing children, transporting

household members/goods, repairing household durables, vehicles or other goods, etc.)

3. Study

Includes, those who are presently school going children, monks residing in the Dratshangs and Shedras and also those undergoing higher studies (Post Graduation, Ph.D, etc.)

4. Occupation

Occupation is the type of work, trade or profession performed by the person during the reference period.


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5. Industry

The term industry is used to refer the activity of the establishment in which the employed person worked during the reference period.

6. Nature of Employment

Nature of employment or employment status comprises the following codes:

1. Regular paid employee 2. Casual paid employee 3. Unpaid family worker (Non-agriculture) 4. Unpaid family worker (Agriculture) 5. Own account worker (Non-agriculture) 6. Own account worker (Agriculture) 7. Employer 8. Piece/Contract paid worker

6.1. Regular Paid employee: A person who performed some kind of work, during the reference period, for wage or salary, in cash or in kind.

6.2. Casual paid employee: Those employees who work as and when they find the job for which they get paid either in cash or in kind. Example: Gomchen who have performed rituals during the reference period, Lhadrip, etc.

6.3. Unpaid family worker (Non-agriculture): A person who helps in an economic enterprise operated by a member of his/her family without payment of wages or salary in the non-agriculture sector. (e.g. a daughter who helps in hand-loom weaving etc.)

6.4. Unpaid family worker (Agriculture): A persons who helps in an economic enterprise operated by a member of his/her family without payment of wages or salary in the agriculture sector. (e.g. wife who helps her husband in the apple farm or in cultivation or rice)

6.5. Own account worker (non-agriculture): A person who operates his own enterprise all alone in the non-agriculture sector and neither employs anybody to operate his/her enterprise nor employed by anybody. (e.g. petty-trader, advocate who practices independently etc.)

6.6. Own account worker (Agriculture): A person who operates his own enterprise all alone in the agriculture sector and neither employs anybody to operate his/her enterprise nor employed by anybody. (e.g. a farmer growing apple in his own land etc.)

6.7. Employer: A person who employs at least one person in his/her enterprise directly or through another person whom he pays in cash or in kind.

6.8. Piece/Contract paid worker: A worker who has a temporary contract to do a particular piece of work, but is not an employee of the company who they are working for.


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7. Employed

If a person has performed some paid work in cash or in kind, during the reference period for at least one hour or the person has a job or business formally attached but temporarily absent from the work and going to resume the work.

8. Unemployed

Unemployment is based on three categories which are to be followed simultaneously. They are; without work, available for work, and seeking work.

Unemployed are those people who did not have a job or business or were not employed and performed one of the followings:

LFS 2010 Definition:

- Who did not perform any work for at least one hour during the past one week and one year prior to the survey period

- Who did not have a job or business from which they were absent during the past one week and one year prior to the survey period.

General Definition:

- Either who have looked for work during the date of interview. - Or they did not look for work but they were available for work. - They did not look for work because they thought that no work was available, or they

were waiting for the results, or waiting to start work.

9. Earnings

It refers to the major or the main source of income through which the person earns a livelihood viz. wage, salary, bonuses, incentives and tips, etc.


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Who to include in the household member;

1. Those that usually reside in the household and are present on the day of interview. 2. Those who usually reside in the household but are temporarily absent/away from the

household from the day of interview for less than six months (Excluding serial no. 3, since they had been away until the date of interview).

3. Those persons registered in the households but lives elsewhere, on labour work, studying including students & monks and also all military personnel who reside in the barracks.

10. Household

Household is defined as a group of people who live together under one roof and eat their meals together from the same kitchen irrespective of relationship. A single person who makes his or her own food arrangements is counted as a separate household (one member household).

11. Disable

A person is considered disable if they are found with the following; 1. Physically unfit for work

2. Mentally unsound 3. Blind

4. Deaf

12. Migration

The movement of people across a specific boundary for the purpose of establishing a new or semi permanent residence.

There are two types of migration:

1. International migration (movement between countries; immigration) 2. Internal migration (movement within the country; emigration)


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SECTION 3 SUMMARY FINDINGS

The results of this survey are based on the data collected from 11,719 sample households enumerated during the period from 15th March, 2010 to 15th May, 2010. In order to facilitate computation and comparison, the results of labour force survey are presented in tables and charts. By using the survey weights for urban and rural separately, the survey population is estimated as 696,500 for the year 2010.

1. Population:

The labour force survey 2010 estimated the nations population as 696,500 with 338,400 males and 358,200 females. Out of the total estimated population, 69.2% of the population resides in the rural areas compared to 75.5% residing in the rural areas in 2009 and 30.8% of the population are settled in urban areas whereas 24.5% were settled in the urban areas in 2009.

(Note: The population estimate of this report may differ from the population projection published by NSB due to different source)

634,982

646,851 658,888

671,083679,700

696,500

600,000

610,000

620,000

630,000

640,000

650,000

660,000

670,000

680,000

690,000

700,000

710,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Nu

mbe

r of p

erso

ns

Year

Chart 1 : Population over the years


2. Marital Status:

The data on marital status has been collected according to classification of never married, married, widowed, divorced/separated and living together. The proportion of persons in each of the stated categories reported in the 2009 survey is given in table 1to 19.5

Table 1: Percentage distribution of population by marital status, 2010

Year/Status Never

married 2006 52.5 2009 51.14 2010 49.0

52.5

42.4

51.14 49.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Nev

er m

arrie

d (%

)

Perc

enta

ge

Chart 2: Graphical presentation of the distribution of population by marital status, 2006,2009 and 2010


The data on marital status has been collected according to classification of never married, married, widowed, divorced/separated and living together. The proportion of persons in each of the stated categories reported in the current survey compared with those reported in 2006 and

009 survey is given in table 1. Detailed information is given at statistical appendix tables 19.0

istribution of population by marital status, 2010 - Bhutan

Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Living together

42.4 3.6 1.5 43.09 4.21 1.54 46.1 3.0 1.7

3.6 1.5

43.09

4.21 1.54

46.1

3.0 1.7

Mar

ried

(%)

Wid

ow

ed (%

)

Div

orc

ed/S

epar

ated

(%

)

Marital status

Chart 2: Graphical presentation of the distribution of population by marital status, 2006,2009 and 2010

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The data on marital status has been collected according to classification of never married, married, widowed, divorced/separated and living together. The proportion of persons in each of

current survey compared with those reported in 2006 and . Detailed information is given at statistical appendix tables 19.0

Bhutan

Living together Total 0.0 100.0 0.01 100.0 0.3 100.0

0.0 0.01 0.3

Livin

g to

geth

er (%

)

Chart 2: Graphical presentation of the distribution of population by

200620092010


5%

29%

14%

Chart 3: Percentage distribution of population who moved to the current location by reasons, 2010

3. Migration

Table 2: Percentage distribution of population who Bhutan

1 Bumthang 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 Chukha 45.5 0.0 25.0 13.8 14.33 Dagana 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 0.0

4 Gasa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 Haa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 Lhuntse 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07 Mongar 4.5 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0

8 Paro 4.5 0.0 0.0 17.2 14.39 P/Gatshel 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

10 Punakha 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0

11 S/Jongkhar 4.5 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0

12 Samtse 4.5 0.0 0.0 10.3 0.0

13 Sarpang 4.5 50.0 0.0 24.1 28.614 Thimphu 22.7 0.0 25.0 3.4 14.3

15 Trashigang 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.016 T/yangtse 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

17 Trongsa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

18 Tsirang 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

19 Wangdue 9.1 0.0 0.0 6.9 14.320 Zhemgang 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Punakha Wangdue

Sl. Dzongkhag

Chukha Haa Paro Thimphu


10%

23%

8%11%5%

14%

Chart 3: Percentage distribution of population who moved to the current location by reasons, 2010 - Bhutan

: Percentage distribution of population who migration to the current location, 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 7.7 0.0 22.2 12.5 45.50.0 57.1 33.3 12.5 0.0 0.0 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

14.3 0.0 33.3 0.0 50.0 10.0 7.7 0.0 22.2 0.0 9.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 7.7 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0

14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.4 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 14.3 0.0 25.0 0.0 30.0 15.4 0.0 11.1 12.5 18.228.6 14.3 0.0 0.0 50.0 10.0 7.7 0.0 11.1 25.0 18.2

14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 15.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 9.10.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Mongar T/gang Yangtse P/gatshal S/khar SamtseWangdue Bumthang Trongsa Z/gang Lhuentse

Previous district of residence

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Chart 3: Percentage distribution of population who moved Bhutan

Search of workFamily moveStudyResettlementMarriageTransferOthers

migration to the current location, 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

45.5 8.3 25.0 50.0 33.3 20.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.60.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.60.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8

9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6

0.0 8.3 25.0 0.0 0.0 4.1

18.2 50.0 50.0 0.0 16.7 18.918.2 8.3 0.0 0.0 16.7 12.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.60.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

9.1 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarpang Tsirang DaganaOutside BhutanSamtse

Total


56.2%

Chart 4: Distribution of employed persons by type of enterprise,

4. Employment Status:

Every job has been classified in terms of industrial activities, which refers to the production of main goods or services at the work place. Of the total agricultural and forestry sector followed by wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicle and household goods by 9.6% been noted for both male anactivities has increased in general. A comparative picture of the proportions of persons employed in various major economic sectors is given in the table below.

Table 3: Percentage distribution Bhutan

Male Female Male Female15-19 0.9 1.2 0.0 2.620-24 6.9 9.0 9.0 13.225-29 20.8 35.3 23.9 31.630-34 20.5 22.2 20.9 21.135-39 17.2 18.0 16.4 15.840-44 13.0 9.6 11.9 10.545-49 9.0 2.4 10.4 2.650-54 6.3 1.8 4.5 0.055-59 3.0 0.0 1.5 0.060-64 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.065+ 1.2 0.6 1.5 0.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Age Group

Government Public


15.6%3.3%

2.6%

1.5%

20.6%

0.3%

Chart 4: Distribution of employed persons by type of enterprise, 2010 - Bhutan

Every job has been classified in terms of industrial activities, which refers to the production of main goods or services at the work place. Of the total employed persons, 59.agricultural and forestry sector followed by wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicle nd household goods by 9.6% and public administration and defense by 8.0%. This pattern has

been noted for both male and female workers separately. Employment in the nonactivities has increased in general. A comparative picture of the proportions of persons employed in various major economic sectors is given in the table below.

: Percentage distribution of employed persons by age and type of enterprise, 2010

Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male2.6 3.4 3.7 0.0 0.0 2.9 4.6 6.6

13.2 17.2 22.2 8.1 16.7 9.6 11.7 11.131.6 19.0 29.6 21.6 25.0 18.0 24.6 9.721.1 13.8 11.1 24.3 8.3 16.7 17.2 11.015.8 19.0 14.8 21.6 25.0 14.8 17.2 8.810.5 8.6 7.4 16.2 8.3 10.3 12.0 9.22.6 8.6 7.4 5.4 0.0 7.4 4.0 10.00.0 5.2 0.0 2.7 8.3 7.4 2.9 10.00.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 2.0 8.10.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 2.3 8.20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 1.4 7.3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agri farmingPublic Pvt Armed Forces Pvt Business

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Chart 4: Distribution of employed persons by type of enterprise,

GovernmentPublic CorporationPvt CorporationArmed ForcesPvt BusinessAgri farmingNGO/INGO

Every job has been classified in terms of industrial activities, which refers to the production of employed persons, 59.4% were engaged in

agricultural and forestry sector followed by wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicle and public administration and defense by 8.0%. This pattern has d female workers separately. Employment in the non-farming

activities has increased in general. A comparative picture of the proportions of persons employed

of employed persons by age and type of enterprise, 2010 -

Male Female Male Female6.6 7.1 0.0 0.0

11.1 11.5 0.0 0.09.7 12.0 20.0 20.0

11.0 12.7 0.0 20.08.8 12.3 0.0 20.09.2 11.0 0.0 20.0

10.0 9.4 20.0 0.010.0 8.2 20.0 0.08.1 6.4 0.0 20.08.2 5.0 0.0 0.07.3 4.2 0.0 0.0

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agri farming NGO/INGO


0.3%3.9%

1.6%

0.8%

9.6%

1.2%3.0%

0.7% 4.1% 8.0%

3.0% 1.7% 2.3%

Chart 5: Employed persons by major economic activity, 2010

Table 4: Percentage distribution of employed persons by sex and economic activity, 2010Bhutan

Economic Activity

Agriculture and forestry Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas & water supplyConstruction Wholesale & retail trade, repair of motor vehicle & household goods Hotels & restaurants Transport, storage & communication goodsFinancial intermediation Real estate, renting & business activitiesPublic administration & defenseEducation Health & social work Other community, social & personal service activitiesPrivate households with employed persons


59.4%

2.3% 0%

Chart 5: Employed persons by major economic activity, 2010 - BhutanAgriculture and forestry

Mining and quarrying

Manufacturing

Electricity, gas & water supply

Construction

Wholesale & retail trade, repair of motor vehicle & household goodsHotels & restaurants

Transport, storage & communication goods

Financial intermediation

Real estate, renting & business activities

Public administration & defense

Education

Health & social work

Other community, social & personal service activitiesPrivate households with employed persons

: Percentage distribution of employed persons by sex and economic activity, 2010

Economic Activity Male

54.00.42.8

Electricity, gas & water supply 2.31.3

Wholesale & retail trade, repair of motor vehicle & household 8.91.0

Transport, storage & communication goods 4.60.9

Real estate, renting & business activities 5.4Public administration & defense 11.0

3.21.6

Other community, social & personal service activities 2.7Private households with employed persons 0.1

Total 100.0

Page 16

Agriculture and forestry

Mining and quarrying

Manufacturing

Electricity, gas & water supply

Construction

Wholesale & retail trade, repair of motor vehicle & household goodsHotels & restaurants

Transport, storage & communication goods

Financial intermediation

Real estate, renting & business activities

Public administration & defense

Education

Health & social work

Other community, social & personal service activitiesPrivate households with employed persons

: Percentage distribution of employed persons by sex and economic activity, 2010 -

Male Female Both sexes

54.0 65.3 59.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 2.8 5.1 3.9 2.3 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.5 0.8

8.9 10.5 9.6 1.0 1.5 1.2 4.6 1.2 3.0 0.9 0.6 0.7 5.4 2.9 4.1 11.0 4.7 8.0 3.2 2.9 3.0 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.7 1.9 2.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

100.0 100.0 100.0


Table 5: Percentage distribution of employed persons by sex Bhutan

OccupationLegislators, sr. Officials & managersProfessionals Technicians & associated professionalsClerks Service workers & shop & market sales workersSkilled agricultural & fishery workersCraft & related workers Plant & machine operators & assemblersElementary occupations Armed force personnel

58.8%

6.3%3.1%

2.8%

Chart 6: Employed persons by major occupation, 2010


: Percentage distribution of employed persons by sex and major occupation, 2010

Occupation Male

Legislators, sr. Officials & managers 2.0 8.5

Technicians & associated professionals 8.0 2.0

market sales workers 8.5 Skilled agricultural & fishery workers 53.2

5.7 Plant & machine operators & assemblers 5.4

3.7 2.9

Total 100.0

2.0%

7.8% 6.7%

2.0%

8.9%58.8%

1.6%


Legislators, sr. Officials & managersProfessionals

Technicians & associated professionalsClerks

Service workers & shop & market sales workersSkilled agricultural & fishery workersCraft & related workers

Plant & machine operators & assemblersElementary occupations

Armed force personnel

Page 17

and major occupation, 2010 -

Male Female Both sexes

2.1 2.0 7.0 7.8 5.4 6.7 1.9 2.0 9.3 8.9

53.2 64.8 58.8 6.8 6.3 0.7 3.1 1.7 2.8 0.1 1.6

100.0 100.0 100.0


Legislators, sr. Officials & managersProfessionals

Technicians & associated professionalsClerks

Service workers & shop & market sales workersSkilled agricultural & fishery workersCraft & related workers

Plant & machine operators & assemblersElementary occupations

Armed force personnel


The currently employed persons are grouped into eight major categories of employment status i.e. regular paid employees, casual paid employees, unpaid family workers (nonunpaid family workers (agriculture), own account worker (non(agriculture), employers and piece/contract paid worker. Table employed persons; 41.5% are unpaid family workers. As expected more female workers (are engaged as unpaid family worker compared workers are engaged in the category of regular paid and casual paid categories.

Table 6: Percentage distribution of employed persons by sex & employment status, 2010Bhutan

Employment natureRegular paid employee Casual paid employee Unpaid family worker (Non-agriculture)Unpaid family worker (Agriculture)Own-account worker (non-agriculture)Own-account worker (Agriculture)Employer Pie/Contract paid worker

Total

38.3%

10.0%17.3%

0.1%

Chart 7: Employed persons by employment status, 2010


The currently employed persons are grouped into eight major categories of employment status i.e. regular paid employees, casual paid employees, unpaid family workers (nonunpaid family workers (agriculture), own account worker (non-agriculture), own account worker (agriculture), employers and piece/contract paid worker. Table 6 indicates that out of the total

% are unpaid family workers. As expected more female workers (are engaged as unpaid family worker compared to male workers (34.8%). Contrarily more male workers are engaged in the category of regular paid and casual paid categories.

istribution of employed persons by sex & employment status, 2010

Employment nature Male Female

31.6 18.06.3 5.0

agriculture) 2.3 4.3Unpaid family worker (Agriculture) 32.5 44.4

agriculture) 8.9 11.2worker (Agriculture) 17.6 16.9

0.1 0.10.7 0.1

100.0 100.0

25.0%

5.6%

3.2%

38.3%

0.1% 0.4%

Chart 7: Employed persons by employment status, 2010 -Regular paid employee

Casual paid employee

Unpaid family worker (Nonagriculture)Unpaid family worker (Agriculture)Own-account worker (nonagriculture)Own-account worker (Agriculture)Employer

Pie/Contract paid worker

Page 18

The currently employed persons are grouped into eight major categories of employment status i.e. regular paid employees, casual paid employees, unpaid family workers (non-agriculture),

e), own account worker indicates that out of the total

% are unpaid family workers. As expected more female workers (48.7%) %). Contrarily more male

workers are engaged in the category of regular paid and casual paid categories.

istribution of employed persons by sex & employment status, 2010 -

Female Both sexes

18.0 25.0 5.0 5.6 4.3 3.2 44.4 38.3 11.2 10.0 16.9 17.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4

100.0 100.0

- Bhutan

Regular paid employee

Casual paid employee

Unpaid family worker (Non-agriculture)Unpaid family worker (Agriculture)

account worker (non-agriculture)

account worker (Agriculture)Employer

Pie/Contract paid worker


Page 19

49.8

3.2 11.3

13.7

4.910.1

6.9

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

lfs2010

Documents

nature of employment

employment nature

department of employment

marital status

unemployment status

ministry of labour

labour force survey

major occupation