level 6 week 13. what is this and what does it do? a bridge connects places

Level 6Week 13

What is this and what does it do?

A Bridge CONNECTS places

Connectors

• Think of connectors as a bridge • Instead of connecting places, though, they

connect ideas • These ideas could be inside a sentence, a

clause, or a phrase. Idea

#1

Idea

#2

Connectors

• There are three types of connectors:1. Coordinating conjunctions2. Subordinating conjunctions 3. Transitions Idea #1

Idea #2

coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjunction, or

transition

Coordinating Conjunctions

• Connects 2 independent clauses (IC) • What is an independent clause (IC)? • Subject + verb + complete thought• Strong, can stand on its own

IC #1

IC #2coordinating conjunction

Coordinating Conjunctions

• Coordinating conjunctions come between the independent clauses.

• Need a comma before the conjunction • FANBOYS – For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet. So

IC #1

IC #2, coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)

THE COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

• F- for introduces the reason for the first clause, same meaning as because

• A- and joins two similar ideas together• N- nor means “not this and not that”; use nor to

join two negative sentences; inversion • B- but joins two contrasting/opposite ideas• O- or joins two alternative/choices ideas• Y- yet joins contrasting ideas (like“but”) or when

the second part is something surprising • S- so shows the second idea results from the

first

COORDINATING CONJUNCTION RULES

• If you are joining two independent clauses, always use a comma before the coordinating conjunction.• My favorite soda is Dr. Pepper, but Anne’s is

Coca-Cola.

• If you are joining two short phrases or two words, a comma isn't necessary. • I like to eat cake and drink tea.

Here are a few examples of coordinating conjunctions functioning in sentences:I really love sushi, but my wife prefers Italian food.We went to the market, and we bought some milk.You can eat dinner, or you can go to your room.

Coordinating Conjunctions in Action

Coordinating Conjunction

Subordinating Conjunctions

• Adverb clause = dependent clause • Subordinating conjunctions connects an

adverb clause to an independent clause • What is the rule about commas in a

complex sentences? • If the dependent clause is first, then you

need a comma.

Here are a few examples of subordinating conjunctions in sentences:

Even though it takes forever to get there, I can’t wait for my vacation in December!

Since my wife hates to do it, I will take out the trash after dinner tonight.

Because he was late to class, his teacher lowered his grade.

Subordinating Conjunctions in Action

Transitions

• Connect ideas between two sentences or blocks of text (paragraphs or many sentences).

• Two Sentences Positions: Beginning, Middle, End

• Beginning: use a period or semicolon (;) before the transition and then put a comma. S

#1S

#2.Transition, OR ;transition, A semicolon is like a fancy period

Transitions• How do we combine these sentences? Use the transition,

however.

• He said he would support the idea. I wouldn’t count on him.

• He said he would support the idea. However, I wouldn’t count on him.

• He said he would support the idea; however, I wouldn’t count on him. S #1

S #2.Transition, OR ;transition,

A semicolon is like a fancy period

Transitions• Middle of a sentence: surround the transition with

commas

• Try putting however into the middle of the second sentence.


• He said he would support the idea. I wouldn’t, however, count on him.

S #1

S #2 ,transition, S

#2

Transitions• End of a sentence: put a comma before the

transitions

• Try putting however at the end of the of the second sentence.


• He said he would support the idea. I wouldn’t count on him, however.

S #1

S #2 ,transition.

Types of Transitions (Sentences)

• Addition (more): additionally, besides, furthermore, in addition • Use these when you want to add more information, examples, details, etc.

• Example: I remember her telephone number. In addition, I remember what street she lives on.

• Condition: otherwise• A result opposite of what is expected will happen if a certain action isn’t

taken.

• Example: I need to write down your email address. Otherwise, I’ll forget it.

• Contrast (difference): however, in contrast, nevertheless• Example: Her speech was good; nevertheless, I can’t support her

ideas.

Though (Sentence Transition)

• Though is a contrast transition when it’s at the end. • Contrast Transition: I carefully wrote down her

name on a piece of paper. I lost the piece of paper, though.

• As a transition, it’s similar in meaning to however. • In other positions, it is a subordinating conjunction • Subordinating Conjunction: Though he has

written my name on a piece of paper, he never remembers it.

Types of Transitions (Sentences)

• Effect/Result: As a result, because of this, therefore, thus• Use these to show the result of an action.

• Example: I was not paying attention when she was introduced; consequently, I forgot her name.

• Relationships of time: Afterwards, next, then• Use these to show the order of events (in time).

• Example: I went to work. Afterwards, I went home to sleep.

Types of Transitions(Connect Blocks of Text)

• These usually come at the beginning of a sentence in a paragraph.

• Usually have a comma after it.• An example of time order transitions in a

paragraph…

Turkish Coffee Turkish coffee is not easy to make, but the results are delicious. First, you need a special coffeepot called a "jezve". This is a long-handled, open brass or copper pot. Pour three small cups of water into the pot. Next, heat the water until it boils. Then remove the pot from the heat. Add three teaspoons of coffee and three teaspoons of sugar to the water. Gently stir the mixture, and return it to the heat until you can see foam on the top. When you can see the foam on top, take the "jezve" from the heat, and hit it lightly with a spoon to make the foam go down. After that, reheat the coffee, and tap the pot two more times, making sure to remove it from the heat each time the foam forms. Finally, give everyone a small glass of fresh water to drink with their hot, thick coffee.


• List ideas in order of time or importance: finally, first of all, most importantly

• Example: First of all, let’s consider the question of short-term memory….

• Give examples: for example, for instance• I can remember lots of things about people.

For example, I always remember what they’re wearing.


• Summarize: all in all, in summary, overall, in short

• Example: In summary, these are the key points about memory loss.

• Add a conclusion: in conclusion, to conclude• Example: To conclude, let me just say that we

can all improve our memory if we work at it. • Sometimes people will use the summarize one in a

conclusion paragraph and it’s okay.

Exercise 1 pg. 364

Part A

2. T

3. T

4. S

5. T

6. C

Part B

2. R

3. O

4. R

5. T

6. A

7. A

8. O

Exercise 2 2. He was having problems remembering his

appointments, so he bought a daily planner. 2. He was having problems remembering his

appointments; therefore, he bought a daily planner.

3. It’s important for Nancy to take her medications, but she forgot today.

2. Although it’s important for Nancy to take her medication, she forgot today.

3. It’s important for Nancy to take her medications. However, she forgot today.

4. Jack remembers everyone’s name, and he never forgets a face.

2. Jack remembers everyone’s name; besides that, he never forgets a face.

Exercise 32. First3. Second 4. However5. Therefore6. In addition7. Meanwhile 8. Otherwise9. In fact

Exercise 41. Hank didn’t have time to take a shower, and

he didn’t have time to eat breakfast.1. Hank didn’t have time to take a shower. In

addition, he didn’t have time to eat breakfast.

2. He ran out of the house, but he left his wallet on the table.

1. He ran out of the house. However, he left his wallet on the table.

3. He was driving too fast, so a police officer stopped him.

1. He was driving too fast. Consequently, a police officer stopped him.

Exercise 44. Hank didn’t have his driver’s license, and he

didn’t have his car insurance.4. Hank didn’t have his driver’s license. Besides that,

he didn’t have his car insurance.

5. While this was happening, Hank’s co-workers were waiting for him at work.

4. Meanwhile, Hank’s co-workers were waiting for him at work.

6. Hank’s boss told him he had to improve his memory, or there could be serious consequences.

4. Hank’s boss told him he had to improve his memory. Otherwise, there could be serious consequences.

Exercise 6A. True things: the visitor has a Hawaiian name; the visitor is

wearing a tuxedo2. People like to be called by their names, and it’s good for

business.3. You need to notice one particular thing about a person

and link that thing with the person’s name.4. The visitor told everyone to stand up.5. A.) the visitor wasn’t in uniform. B.) The leader didn’t act

like this was an interruption. 6. It’s not the usual way to say good-bye.7. They have to learn to focus their attention consistently.

level 6 week 13. what is this and what does it do? a bridge connects places

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