level 4 ielts writing task 1 extension task 1 processes & maps · ielts writing task 1...

Level 4

IELTS Writing Task 1 Extension

Task 1 – Processes & Maps Task 1 on the IELTS exam may require you to transfer information from a process diagram or map into a written report. You need to produce a report that gives an introduction and one or two body paragraphs about it. In this section you will:

review how to write about processes and maps

review grammar and vocabulary for this kind of writing

do some writing practice

To get a band 5 or 5.5 in IELTS, you need to:-

• write an overview

• describe the main information in the process, diagram(s) or map(s) correctly

• make some comparisons

• organise your writing in a clear and logical way

• use some good linking words

• use suitable vocabulary with good range, spelling and correct word forms

• have some simple sentences, some compound sentences (using linking words like and

& but), some complex sentences (e.g. …., after which it is mixed with…; …we can see

that there has been a great deal of development…)

1

TASK 1: PROCESSES & FLOWCHARTS

The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the building industry.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown.

You should write at least 150 words.

1. What process is shown?

2. How many steps are there in the process?

3. Where does this process start?

4. Where does it end?

5. How would you organise a report on the above diagram?

2

The process of making bricks

Complete the model report below with the correct passive form of the verbs given.

The diagram shows the various stages of making bricks. This is a complicated process and it

has seven basic steps. The process begins with digging the clay from the ground, and it ends with

the delivery of the bricks.

In terms of the processes for preparing the bricks, firstly, clay ____________________(dig)

from the ground by a digger. Secondly, the clay ____________________(place) on a metal grid and

smaller pieces fall onto a roller, after which they ____________________(mix) with sand and water.

Next, the mixture is either pushed through a shaper and cut with a wire cutter, or a mould

____________________(use) to shape the bricks.

Looking at what happens in baking the bricks, the prepared bricks

____________________(put) in a drying oven for 1-2 days. Following this, the bricks

____________________(heat) in a kiln at a moderate heat of 200oC to 980oC and then at a high

heat of 870oC to 1300oC. After the heating is finished, the bricks ____________________(cool) in a

cooling chamber for 2-3 days. Then, the bricks ____________________(package) and

____________________(deliver), which is the final step in the process.

3

The process of making bricks Read the model report and answer the questions below. 1. Underline the overview sentence.

2. How are the body paragraphs organised?

3. Write down the sequencing words that are used in the report. The first one has been done for you.

a) firstly b) c)

d) e) f)

g) h) i)

4. Write down the parts of the sentences that have complex grammar in the spaces below.

a) ________________________________________________________________________________ b) ________________________________________________________________________________ c) ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Listen to the recording and write down these useful words and phrases. a) ________________________________ f) ________________________________

b) ________________________________ g) ________________________________

c) ________________________________ h) ________________________________

d) ________________________________ i) ________________________________

e) ________________________________ j) ________________________________

4

The process of making bricks (Answers)

Complete the model report below with the correct passive verbs.

The diagram shows the various stages of making bricks. This is a complicated process and it has seven basic steps. The process begins with digging the clay from the ground, and it ends with the delivery of the bricks.

In terms of the processes for preparing the bricks, firstly, clay is dug from the ground by a

digger. Secondly, the clay is placed on a metal grid and smaller pieces fall onto a roller, after which they are mixed with sand and water. Next, the mixture is either pushed through a shaper and cut with a wire cutter, or a mould is used to shape the bricks.

Looking at what happens in baking the bricks, the prepared bricks are put in a drying oven for

1-2 days. Following this, the bricks are heated in a kiln at a moderate heat of 200oC to 980oC and then at a high heat of 870oC to 1300oC. After the heating is finished, the bricks are cooled in a cooling chamber for 2-3 days. Then, the bricks are packaged and are delivered, which is the final step in the process.

5

The process of making bricks (Answers) Read the model report and answer the questions below

Underline the overview sentence(s). This is a complicated process and it has seven basic steps. The

process begins with digging the clay from the ground, and it ends with the delivery of the bricks.

1. How are the body paragraphs organised? Preparing the bricks and baking the bricks

2. Write down the sequencing words that are used in the report. The first one has been done for you.

a) firstly b) secondly c) after which

d) Next e) Following this f) and then

g) After h) Then i) ...which is the final step..

4. Write down the phrases that have complex grammar in the spaces below. There are three

phrases. a) after which they are mixed with b) After the heating is finished c) which is the final step in the process 5. Listen to the recording and write down these useful words and phrases. Spelling words

The diagram shows the various stages of making bricks. This is a complicated process and it has seven basic steps. The process begins with digging the clay from the ground, and it ends with the delivery of the bricks.

In terms of the processes for preparing the bricks, firstly, clay is dug from the ground by a

digger. Secondly, the clay is placed on a metal grid and smaller pieces fall onto a roller, after which they are mixed with sand and water. Next, the mixture is either pushed through a shaper and cut with a wire cutter, or a mould is used to shape the bricks.

Looking at what happens in baking the bricks, the prepared bricks are put in a drying oven for

1-2 days. Following this, the bricks are heated in a kiln at a moderate heat of 200oC to 980oC and then at a high heat of 870oC to 1300oC. After the heating is finished, the bricks are cooled in a cooling chamber for 2-3 days. Then, the bricks are packaged and are delivered, which is the final step in the process.

6

Processes and flowcharts: Practice

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Write a report of at least 150 words that describes the process of fish canning. __________________________________________________________________________________________

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Maps: Riverside Town

Make some notes in the table below about the information that you see.

1940 Today

population

number of houses

Leisure and Entertainment

Facilities

same

changed

new

Transport Facilities

same

changed

new

10

Maps: Riverside Town Match the sentence halves for each of the paragraphs. Introduction

1) The diagrams show the layout of Riverside town a) a great deal of development in Riverside town since 1940.

2) We can see that there has been b) in 1940 and now.

Body 1 – Big Changes

3) In terms of big changes, the town has grown dramatically

c) whereas now it is nearly four times larger, at 1180 people.

4) In 1940, the population was 350, d) in the south east, by the river.

5) More houses have been built for these people in the north west and

e) in population and number of houses.

Body 2 – Leisure and Entertainment Facilities

6) Looking at leisure and entertainment facilities, it is clear to see that the people of Riverside now

f) they can now go to the new restaurant.

7) In 1940, Riverside had only three shops, g) while today they have become a shopping mall.

8) In addition, if people want to eat out, h) have more things to do than they had in 1940.

9) The park, which is in the south east corner, i) has not changed since 1940.

Body 3 – Transport Facilities

10) Looking at the transportation system, there was only Main

j) Street and one small road in 1940.

11) However, today, there is k) has become a bus station.

12) Also, the bus stop from 1940 l) a new road into the houses by the river.

13) Furthermore, if people want to get to the park, m) they can now walk over the river by using the new bridge.

11

Maps: Riverside Town

The diagrams show the layout of Riverside town in 1940 and now. We can see that there has been a great deal of development in Riverside town since 1940.

In terms of big changes, the town has grown dramatically in population and number of

houses. In 1940, the population was 350, whereas now it is nearly four times larger, at 1180 people. More houses have been built for these people in the north west and in the south east, by the river.

Looking at leisure and entertainment facilities, it is clear to see that the people of Riverside

now have more things to do than they had in 1940. In 1940, Riverside had only three shops, while today they have become a shopping mall. In addition, if people want to eat out, they can now go to the new restaurant. The park, which is in the south east corner, has not changed since 1940.

Looking at the transportation system, there was only Main Street and one small road in 1940.

However, today, there is a new road into the houses by the river. Also, the bus stop from 1940 has become a bus station. Furthermore, if people want to get to the park, they can now walk over the river by using the new bridge. Look at the maps, the model report and answer the questions below. 1) What are the two different time periods compared in the two maps? 2) Read the (parts of the) sentences below, underline the main verbs and choose the correct time

period. The first one has been done for you.

Sentences 1940 Today from 1940 till today

a) In 1940, the population was 350...

b) ... there has been a great deal of development in Riverside town since 1940.

c) the town has grown dramatically in population and number of houses.

d) ...now it is nearly four times larger, at 1180 people.

e) More houses have been built for these people in the north west and...

f) ... the people of Riverside now have more things to do...

g) In 1940, Riverside had only three shops,...

h) The park, which is in the south east corner, has not changed since 1940.

i) Looking at the transportation system, there was only Main Street and one small road in 1940.

j) today, there is a new road into the houses

k) Also, the bus stop from 1940 has become a bus station.

12

3) In sentences a to c below, underline the verbs, and then write the correct time period and verb

tense from the box below next to each sentence in the table.

Time Period Verb Tense

1940 Today

From 1940 till today

Present perfect tense Present simple tense

Past simple tense

Sentences

Time Period

Verb tense

a) In 1940, the population was 350...

b) ... there has been a great deal of development in Riverside town since 1940.

c) ...now it is nearly four times larger, at 1180 people.

4) Circle the correct answer about rules of grammar in verb tense.

a) The past simple tense is used to describe things that are

completely in the past / now / linking a past time to now

b) The present simple tense is used to describe things that are


c) The present perfect simple tense is used to describe things that are


5) Complete the table with the correct forms of the verbs.

Present Simple Past Simple Present Perfect Simple

is/are have/has been

grow/grows

had

change/changes

do/does not change

became

13

6) Complete the sentences below using the correct form of the given verb.

a) We can see that there ________________(be) a great deal of development in Riverside

town since 1940.

b) In terms of big changes, the town ________________(grow) dramatically in population

and number of houses.

c) In 1940, the population ________________(be) 350, whereas now it

________________(be) nearly four times larger, at 1180 people.

d) Looking at leisure and entertainment facilities, it is clear to see that the people of Riverside

now ________________(have) more things to do than they had in 1940.

e) In 1940, Riverside ________________(have) only three shops, ...

f) The park, which is in the south east corner, ________________(not change) since 1940.

g) Looking at the transportation system, there ________________(be) only Main Street and

one small road in 1940.

h) ... today, there ________________(be) a new road into the houses by the river.

i) Also, the bus stop from 1940 ________________(become) a bus station.

14

Maps: Riverside Town Answers

Make some notes in the table below about the information that you see.

1940 Today

population

number of houses

300

4

1180

20


Facilities

same

changed

new

park in south east corner

small shops


shopping mall

restaurant


same

changed

new

main street

bus stop

main street

bus station

road to houses by river, bridge

15

Maps: Riverside Town Answers Match the sentence halves for each of the paragraphs. Introduction

1) The diagrams show the layout of Riverside town b) in 1940 and now.

2) We can see that there has been a) a great deal of development in Riverside town since 1940.

Body 1 – Big Changes

3) In terms of big changes, the town has grown dramatically

e) in population and number of houses.

4) In 1940, the population was 350, c) whereas now it is nearly four times larger, at 1180 people.

5) More houses have been built for these people in the north west and

d) in the south east, by the river.

Body 2 – Leisure and Entertainment Facilities

6) Looking at leisure and entertainment facilities, it is clear to see that the people of Riverside now

h) have more things to do than they had in 1940.

7) In 1940, Riverside had only three shops, g) while today they have become a shopping mall.

8) In addition, if people want to eat out, f) they can now go to the new restaurant.

9) The park, which is in the south east corner, i) has not changed since 1940.

Body 3 – Transport Facilities

10) Looking at the transportation system, there was only Main

j) Street and one small road in 1940.

11) However, today, there is l) a new road into the houses by the river.

12) Also, the bus stop from 1940 k) has become a bus station.

13) Furthermore, if people want to get to the park, m) they can now walk over the river by using the new bridge.

16

Maps: Riverside Town Answers

The diagrams show the layout of Riverside town in 1940 and now. We can see that there has been a great deal of development in Riverside town since 1940.

In terms of big changes, the town has grown dramatically in population and number of

houses. In 1940, the population was 350, whereas now it is nearly four times larger, at 1180 people. More houses have been built for these people in the north west and in the south east, by the river.


now have more things to do than they had in 1940. In 1940, Riverside had only three shops, while today they have become a shopping mall. In addition, if people want to eat out, they can now go to the new restaurant. The park, which is in the south east corner, has not changed since 1940.


However, today, there is a new road into the houses by the river. Also, the bus stop from 1940 has become a bus station. Furthermore, if people want to get to the park, they can now walk over the river by using the new bridge. Look at the maps, the model report and answer the questions below. 7) What are the two different time periods compared in the two maps? 1940 and today 8) Read the (parts of the) sentences below, underline the main verbs and choose the correct time

period. The first one has been done for you.

Sentences 1940 Today from 1940 till today

l) In 1940, the population was 350...

m) ... there has been a great deal of development in Riverside town since 1940.

n) the town has grown dramatically in population and number of houses.

o) ...now it is nearly four times larger, at 1180 people.

p) More houses have been built for these people in the north west and...

q) ... the people of Riverside now have more things to do...

r) In 1940, Riverside had only three shops,...

s) The park, which is in the south east corner, has not changed since 1940.

t) Looking at the transportation system, there was only Main Street and one small road in 1940.

u) today, there is a new road into the houses

v) Also, the bus stop from 1940 has become a bus station.

17

Maps: Riverside Town (Question A)

Maps: Riverside Town (Question B)

Maps: Riverside Town (Question C)

18

These were the notes for Question A.

1940 Today

population

number of houses

300

4

1180

20


Facilities

same

changed

new


small shops


shopping mall

restaurant


same

changed

new

main street

bus stop

main street

bus station


Look at the sets of maps for Question B and Question C, and answer the questions below. Would the notes be the same or different? What is different about the time periods in the maps in Question B and Question C compared to Question A? Complete the table below.

Question A Time Periods 1940 Today

Comparing Past Present

Question B Time Periods 1940

Comparing Past

Question C Time Periods Today 2040

Comparing

How do you think the verb tenses would change if you had to write a report for Question B? What verbs would you use? How do you think the verb tenses would change if you had to write a report for Question C? What verbs would you use?

19

Maps: Riverside Town (Question B)

Choose the correct answer each time to show the comparison of 1940 and 2000.

The diagrams show the layout of Riverside town in 1940 and (1) 2000 / before now / in the

future. We can see that there (2) is / was / will be a great deal of development in Riverside town

(3) from 1940 to 2000 / between 1940 and now / from 1940 and now.

In terms of big changes, the town (4) will grow / grew / has grown dramatically in population and

number of houses. In 1940, the population was 350, whereas (5) in the future / in 2000 / in 1940 it

(6) was / has been / were nearly four times larger, at 1180 people. More houses (7) are built / were

built / is built for these people in the north west and in the south east, by the river, in 2000.


(8) in 2000 / in 1940 / in the past (9) had / will have / have more things to do than they had in 1940.

In 1940, Riverside had only three shops, while (10) in 2040 / in the future / in 2000 they (11) became

/ will become / is a shopping mall. In addition, if people (12) will want / have wanted / wanted to eat

out in 2000, they (13) could to go / could go / could going to the new restaurant. The park, which

(14) were / has been / was in the south east corner, (15) did not change / do not change / will not

change (16) from 1940 to 2000 / in 1940 / from 2000 to 1940.


However, in 2000, there (17) are / will be / was a new road into the houses by the river. Also, the bus stop

from 1940 (18) will become / became / becomes a bus station. Furthermore, if people (19) wanted /

wants / will want to get to the park in 2000, they (20) could walking / could walk / will be able to

walk over the river by using the new bridge.

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Maps: Riverside Town (Question C)

Look at the maps above and complete the example answer below. Use a time period for gaps with a letter and

a verb tense for gaps with a number.

The diagrams show the layout of Riverside town today and (a) ________ We can see that there

(1) ________________(be) a great deal of development in Riverside town (b) ___________________

In terms of big changes, the town (2) _______________(grow) dramatically in population and

number of houses. Today, the population is 350, whereas (c) _______________ it

(3) _______________(be) nearly four times larger, at 1180 people. More houses

(4) _______________________________(build) for these people in the north west and in the south

east, by the river, in 2040.


(d) _______________ (5) _______________(have) more things to do than they do now. Today,

Riverside has only three shops, while (e) _______________ they (6) _______________(become) a

shopping mall. In addition, if people (7) _______________(want) to eat out in 2040, they will be able to

go to the new restaurant. The park, which (8) _______________(be) in the south east corner, (9)

_______________(no change) (f) _______________.

Looking at the transportation system, there is only Main Street and one small road

(g) _______________. However, in 2040, there (10) _______________(be) a new road into the

houses by the river. Also, the bus stop (11) _______________(become) a bus station. Furthermore, if

people (12) _______________(want) to get to the park in 2040, they (13) _______________(go)

over the river by using the new bridge.

21

These were the notes for Question A. (Answers)

1940 Today

population

number of houses

300

4

1180

20


Facilities

same

changed

new


small shops


shopping mall

restaurant


same

changed

new

main street

bus stop

main street

bus station


Look at the sets of maps for Question B and Question C, and answer the questions below. Would the notes be the same or different? What is different about the time periods in the maps in Question B and Question C compared to Question A? Complete the table below.

Question A Time Periods 1940 Today

Comparing Past Present

Question B Time Periods 1940 2000

Comparing Past Past

Question C Time Periods Today 2040

Comparing Present Future

How do you think the verb tenses would change if you had to write a report for Question B? What verbs would you use? How do you think the verb tenses would change if you had to write a report for Question C? What verbs would you use?

22

Maps: Riverside Town (Question B) (Answers)

Choose the correct answer each time to show the comparison of 1940 and 2000.

The diagrams show the layout of Riverside town in 1940 and (1) 2000 / before now / in the

future. We can see that there (2) is / was / will be a great deal of development in Riverside town

(3) from 1940 to 2000 / between 1940 and now / from 1940 and now.

In terms of big changes, the town (4) will grow / grew / has grown dramatically in population and

number of houses. In 1940, the population was 350, whereas (5) in the future / in 2000 / in 1940 it

(6) was / has been / were nearly four times larger, at 1180 people. More houses (7) are built / were

built / is built for these people in the north west and in the south east, by the river, in 2000.


(8) in 2000 / in 1940 / in the past (9) had / will have / have more things to do than they had in 1940.

In 1940, Riverside had only three shops, while (10) in 2040 / in the future / in 2000 they (11) became

/ will become / is a shopping mall. In addition, if people (12) will want / have wanted / wanted to eat

out in 2000, they (13) could to go / could go / could going to the new restaurant. The park, which

(14) were / has been / was in the south east corner, (15) did not change / do not change / will not

change (16) from 1940 to 2000 / in 1940 / from 2000 to 1940.


However, in 2000, there (17) are / will be / was a new road into the houses by the river. Also, the bus stop

from 1940 (18) will become / became / becomes a bus station. Furthermore, if people (19) wanted /

wants / will want to get to the park in 2000, they (20) could walking / could walk / will be able to

walk over the river by using the new bridge.

23

Maps: Riverside Town (Question C) (Answers)

Look at the maps above and complete the example answer below. Use a time period for gaps with a letter and

a verb tense for gaps with a number.

The diagrams show the layout of Riverside town today and (a) in 2040_________ We can see that

there (1) will be _____(be) a great deal of development in Riverside town (b) in 2040____________

In terms of big changes, the town (2) will grow ______(grow) dramatically in population and

number of houses. Today, the population is 350, whereas (c) in 2040 ________ it

(3) will be ____ ____(be) nearly four times larger, at 1180 people. More houses

(4) will be built__________________(build) for these people in the north west and in the south east,

by the river, in 2040.


(d) in 2040________ (5) will have ______(have) more things to do than they do now. Today, Riverside

has only three shops, while (e) in 2040________ they (6) will become_____(become) a shopping mall.

In addition, if people (7) want___________(want) to eat out in 2040, they will be able to go to the new

restaurant. The park, which (8) is _____________(be) in the south east corner, (9) _will not

change_(no change) (f) in 2040______.

Looking at the transportation system, there is only Main Street and one small road

(g) today__________. However, in 2040, there (10) will be________(be) a new road into the houses

by the river. Also, the bus stop (11) will become_____(become) a bus station. Furthermore, if people

(12) want___________(want) to get to the park in 2040, they (13) will be able to go______(go)

over the river by using the new bridge.

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Maps: Practice

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Write a report of at least 150 words that describes the two maps. __________________________________________________________________________________________

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level 4 ielts writing task 1 extension task 1 processes & maps · ielts writing task 1...

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