LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
STANDARD(S) ADDRESS: Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. CH 2-SEC 1 LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Summarize colonial resistance to British taxation. Trace the mounting tension in Massachusetts. Examine efforts made to avoid war between thecolonies and the British. Summarize the historical background of theDeclaration of Independence. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety Colonial Resistance and Rebellion Section 1
Conflicts between Great Britain and the American colonies escalate, until the colonists finally declare their independence. NEXT Colonial Resistance and Rebellion
1 SECTION Colonial Resistance and Rebellion The Colonies Organize to Resist Britain The Sugar Act King George IIIBritish king during the American Revolution Writs of assistance allow searches for smuggled goods, even in homes Prime Minister Grenville passes Sugar Act to end colonial smuggling Sugar Acttaxes on imports changed Violators tried by vice-admiralty court, not colonial court Merchants and traders fear reduced profits Continued . . . NEXT The Sugar Act King George IIIBritish king during the American Revolution Writs of assistance allow searches for smuggled goods, even in homes Prime Minister Grenville passes Sugar Act to end colonial smuggling Sugar Acttaxes on imports changed Violators tried by vice-admiralty court, not colonial court Merchants and traders fear reduced profits Sugar Act The colonist believed that the Sugar Act would reduce their profits and that these taxes violated their rights because they were not represented in parliament. More importantly, it meant colonists accused of violating the Act were tried in Vice-Admiral Courts rather than Colonial Courts However the Act actually reduced the tax on molasses. 1765 Stamp Act British Action Parliament passed the Stamp Act to cover the cost of keeping troops in the colonies & to cover cost of French & Indian War. Colonists had to buy special stamps to prove that they paid a tax on printed things like wills, newspapers, playing cards. Colonial Reaction Some colonists unite to form the Sons of Liberty, a secret resistance group. They harass stamp distributors, boycott British goods, and prepare a Declaration of Rights and Grievances. (Result: Parliament repealed the law.) GUIDED READING: 1a. The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act (1765)
in order to . . . b. Colonists responded to the act by . . . c. Britain responded to the colonists by . . The British Parliament passed the act to finance debts. Colonists responded to the act by organizing the Sons of Liberty; demonstrating and protesting and boycotting British goods. Parliament responded to the colonists by repealing the Stamp Act. 1767Townshend Acts British Action Taxed goods that were imported into the colony from Britain, like lead, glass, paint, paper. Also tax tea and popular drinks in the colonies. Stations troops at major colonial ports to protect customs officers. Colonial Reaction Samuel Adams leads colonists in boycott of British goods, protesting taxation without representation. (Founders of the Sons of Liberty) (Result: tension, bloody clashes, Parliament repealed the law) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdpKEs_dMHc tar and feathering 2-1B How did the colonist respond to the Stamp Act and Townsend Act?
Colonial Protest increased, adoptingresolutions denouncing the Stamp Act and boycotted British goods. GUIDED READING: to increase revenues from the colonies.
2a. The British Parliament passed the Townshend Act (1767) in order to . . . b. Colonists responded to the act by . . c. Britain responded to the colonists by . . . to increaserevenues from thecolonies. demonstrating and protesting; boycottingBritishgoods. enforcing theact; stationingtroops inBoston; then repealing theact. Tea Act British Action Granted the British East India Company the right to sell tea to the colonies free of taxes that colonial tea sellers had to pay Colonial Reaction Boston Tea Party - Colonists in Boston rebel, dress like Indians & dump 18,000 pounds of East India Company tea into Boston harbor Result: Parliament did NOT repeal the law Passed Intolerable Acts GUIDED READING: save the East India Company from bankruptcy.
3a. The British Parliament passed the Tea Act (1773) in order to . . . b. Colonists responded to the act by . . . c. Britain responded to the colonists by . . . save the East India Company from bankruptcy. by dumping 15,000 pounds ofthe East India Company's tea into the waters of Boston harbor, holding the BostonTea Party. passing the Intolerable Acts. 2-1 1774 Intolerable Acts Results: more British Troops
British Action King George III passed a series of laws, such as closing Boston Harbor and the Quartering Act, which allowed British troops to be housed in colonists homes; put General Gage in charge, who imposes martial law Colonial Reaction Led to the creation of the 1st Continental Congress and writes a declaration of colonial rights; said that if Britain used force, colonists would fight back Results: more British Troops The Boston Massacre Boston Massacre British Action Taunted by an angry mob, British troops fire into the crowd, killing 5 colonists Colonial Reaction Colonial agitators label the conflict a massacre and publish a dramatic engraving depicting the violence Crispus Attucks: was an American slave, merchant seaman and dockworker and African descent.5 people massacre GUIDED READING: punish the Colonists for the Boston Tea Party;
4a. The British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts (1774) in order to . . . b. Colonists responded to the act by . . . c. Britain responded to the colonists by . . . punish the Colonists for the Boston Tea Party; to tighten control over Massachusetts. holding the First Continental Congress; pulling together to support the protests in Massachusetts; stepping up military preparations. marching troops to Concord to seize illegal weapons and by engaging the colonists in battle. 2-1C King George What do you think King George set out to achieve when disciplining Massachusetts? King George wanted to isolate and punish Massachusetts in hope that it would become more obedient and in order to keep the conflict from spreading. 2-1 1775 Lexington & Concord Colonial Reaction
For the first time Minutemen intercept the British and engage in battle Lexington (1st battle of Rev. War!!!) . then at Concord, where minutemen formed and attacked British soldiers on their retreat killing hundreds British Action General Gage orders troops to march to Concord, Massachusetts to seize colonial weapons The Battle of Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill 2,400 British battle militia on Breeds Hill, suffer 1,000 casualties King George III rejects Continental Congresss Olive Branch Petition 2-1D Underestimating the Colonies
Do you think the British underestimated the colonist in ? Yes They failed to notice how angry and unified the colonist were. No The British believed that taxing the colonies was justified, because the colonies existed to benefit the British Empire, and they expected loyalty from the colonist. 2-1E Olive Branch Do you think the Olive Branch Petition was too little to late? Yes, because King George had only responded to the colonist with punishment and by sending troops. No, because a war would be costly both financially and in terms of fatalities. 2-1F Enlightenment Why might the ideas of the Enlightenment appeal to the colonists? Americans found support in the views of John Lockes assertion that people had inalienable rights and that a social contract existed with every govt. and people had a right to overthrow any unfair govt. Natural Rights and Common Sense
Natural Rights and Common Sense John Locke social contract: declared that life, liberty, and property are natural rights that cannot be taken away Natural Rights and Common Sense
Natural Rights and Common Sense Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense which argued that the colonies needed to declare independence, patriots supported the arguments 500,000 copies were printed and this had a MAJOR influence! 2-1G Jefferson What reasons did Jefferson give to justify revolt by the colonies? When a govt fails to protect its peoples inalienable rights, these people have a right to rebel and form a govt that will protect their rights. Foreign Support France began to support the American Colonies to get back at Great Britain. Remember that France lost the Indian-French War to Britain. The Colonies sent Benjamin Franklin to deal gain more support from the French.