Lesson II: Sicilia

AdjectivesAccusative Nouns/Direct Objects

Roman Numerals

fama

famae

f.

report, fame

familia

familiae

f.

family

fortuna

fortunae

f.

fortune, luck

puella

puellae

f.

girl

terra

terrae

f.

earth, land

vita

vitae

f.

life

bonus, bona, bonum

good

durus, dura, durum

hard

magnus, magna, magnum

great, large, big

parvus, parva, parvum

small, little

amant

they love, like

portant

they carry

Adjectives!

• An adjective is a word used to describe a noun.

• We say that an adjective modifies its noun.

the good dogthe little dog

the smart dog

Adjectives• The vocabulary lists gives you the 3

nominative forms of Latin adjectives: masculine, feminine, and neuter.

• You must learn all 3 of these.

• parvus, parva, parvum small• magnus, magna, magnum great, large

Adjectives

• In Latin, an adjective can come before or after its noun.

• Let’s look at “the large family”:

familia magna

magna familia

G-N-C!

• In Latin, an adjective must agree with its noun in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE

• The noun is the boss!

Familia est magna. The family is large.

Magnae silvae sunt bonae. Large forests are good.

Familia est magna.

Puella est parva.

Puellae sunt parvae.

Time To Practice!• Textbook page 24, A) 1-4, 8, 10• COPY the sentences on a sheet of paper• Beneath each Latin sentence, TRANSLATE

it into English.

Daily Grade!

fama

famae

f.

report, fame

familia

familiae

f.

family

fortuna

fortunae

f.

fortune, luck

puella

puellae

f.

girl

terra

terrae

f.

earth, land

vita

vitae

f.

life

bonus,

good

bona,

bonum

durus,

hard

dura, durum

magnus,

great, large, big

magna,

magnum

parvus,

small, little

parva, parvum

amant

they love, like

portant

they carry

Finding Direct Objects• A direct object follows an ACTION verb (not a linking

verb like “is” and “are”).• The direct object is the noun that receives the action of

the verb.• The girl holds the cat.• (Ask: what does the girl hold?)• Direct object: CAT• The boy feeds the dog.• (Ask: what does the boy feed?)• Direct object: DOG

Finding Direct Objects

• The choir sang a song.• Subject----choir• Direct object----song• The girls like the forest.• Subject----girls• Direct object----forest

Take this REALLY HARD Quiz!

• Which sentence is correct English?–I saw him at Pier Park.–I saw he at Pier Park.

Take this REALLY HARD Quiz!

• Which sentence is correct English?–Adele is a great singer. I really like

listening to she.–Adele is a great singer. I really like

listening to her.

What just happened here?

• You proved that you already KNOW how cases work…in English!• Romans also had correct cases for

direct objects…check it out…

The Accusative Case

The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence.Accusative endings:–am for singular–as for plural.

Case Singular Plural

Nominative a aeGenitive ae arumDative ae isAccusative am asAblative a is

Now APPLY Your Grammar Rules…

• The girls like the forest.• Girls=Subject• Subjects=Nominative Case• Girls=Nominative Case• puellae

Case Sg. Pl.

Nom a aeGen ae arumDat ae isAcc am asAbl a is

Now APPLY the Accusative Here…• The girls like the forest.• Forest=Direct Object• Direct Objects=Accusative Case• Forest=Accusative Case• silvam

Case Sg. Pl.

Nom a aeGen ae arumDat ae isAcc am asAbl a is

Puellae silvam amant.

The girls like the forest.

Just like YOU wouldn’t say,“I really like he…”

The Romans wouldn’t say,“Puellae silva amant” but

rather, “Puellae silvam amant.”

Practicing Accusative Direct Objects

• The girls like water.• Puellae aqu__ amant.• The families carry water.• Familiae aqu__ portant.• The girls like the roads.• Puellae vi__ amant.• The families carry the girls.• Familiae puell__ portant.

Case Sg. Pl.

Nom a aeGen ae arumDat ae isAcc am asAbl a is

am

am

as

as

In Latin, WORD ENDINGS are more important than WORD ORDER.

Sometimes word order does follow certain rules, esp. in longer sentences.

Remember: Endings are everything!!!

What if we took 3 words and just scrambled their order without changing their endings?

Puellae silvam amant.Puellae amant silvam.Silvam puellae amant.Amant puellae silvam.Amant silvam puellae.

ALL THESE SENTENCES MEAN

“THE GIRLS LIKE THE FOREST.”

Translate the following sentences. “Cornelia” and “Iulia” aregirls’ names.

Cornelia et Iulia familiam amant.

Cornelia et Iulia parva familiam amant.

Cornelia et Iulia parvam familiam amant.

Cornelia et Iulia aquam portant.

Cornelia et Iulia aquam bonam portant.

• Tell the case, number, and ending for the red words in these sentences:

• The girl is my friend.• Shelia is a girl.• The girls went to the mall.• I saw the girls at the mall.Case Sg. Pl.

Nom (subject) a aeGen ae arumDat ae isAcc (direct obj.) am asAbl a is

-a

-a

-ae

-as

nominative sg.

nominative sg.

nominative pl.

accusative pl.

Time To Practice!• Textbook page 24, A) 5-7, 9• COPY the sentences on a sheet of paper• Beneath each Latin sentence, TRANSLATE

it into English

Daily Grade!

fama

famae

f.

report, fame

familia

familiae

f.

family

fortuna

fortunae

f.

fortune, luck

puella

puellae

f.

girl

terra

terrae

f.

earth, land

vita

vitae

f.

life

bonus,

good

bona, bonum

durus,

hard

dura, durum

magnus,

great, large, big

magna,

magnum

parvus,

small, little

parva,

parvum

amant

they love, like

portant

they carry

Sicilia

p. 20 in your textbook

Write out the sentences I assign you and translateeach into English.

Daily Grade!

Sicilia est insula magna in Europa.Magna est fama Siciliae (of Sicily), sed fortuna Siciliae (of Sicily) non bona est.In Sicilia vita est dura.Terra et aqua sunt bonae, sed familiae sunt magnae.Magnae silvae in Sicilia non sunt.Viae non bonae sed parvae sunt.Vita est dura in Sicilia, et fortuna non bona est.In Sicilia sunt parvae et magnae puellae.Parvae puellae pupas (dolls) amant.Magnae puellae aquam portant.Familiae puellas amant.Familiae Siciliam et famam Siciliae (of Sicily) amant, sed fortunam duram non amant.

What are Roman numerals?

• There are 7 Roman numerals.• I = 1• V = 5• X = 10• L = 50• C = 100• D = 500• M = 1,000

How do Roman numerals work?

• To add, place one or more numerals of equal or lesser value after a numeral.

• 3• III (I+I+I)• 6• VI (V+I)• 105• CV (C+V)

How do Roman numerals work?

• To subtract, place a smaller numeral before a larger one.

• 9• IX (I – X)• 4• IV (I – V)

Subtraction

• There are some rules about subtraction.• I, X and C (1, 10, 100) are the only numerals

that can be subtracted.• I can only be subtracted from V and X.• X can only be subtracted from L and C.• C can only be subtracted from D and M.

Subtraction

• I• V• X• L• C• D• M

I

X

C

How to write Roman numerals

• Break down a number into its places: tens, hundreds, thousands

• Write each section in Roman numerals

• Arrange the results left-to-right.

• 46• 40 + 6• XL + VI• XLVI• 125• 100+20+5• C+XX+V• CXXV

Let’s practice!

• 53• 178• 29• 543• 2011

• 50 + 3 LIII• 100 + 70+ 8

CLXXVIII• 20 + 9 XXIX• 500+40+3

DXLIII• 2,000 + 10 + 1

MMXI

Puellae amant familias.

-AE

-ASThe girls like the

families.

Puellae amant.familias

-AE

-AS

The girls like the

families.

Familiae amant puellas.

-AE

-ASThe families like the

girls.

Familiae amant.puellas

-AE

-ASThe families like

the girls.

Familiae amant.puellam

-AE

-AMThe families like

the girl.

Puellae amant.familiam

-AE -AM The girls like the family.