lesson 6: what is good science?€¦ · 6) lesson 6 what is good science.notebook 2 •bias: is...
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6) Lesson 6 What is good science.notebook
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Lesson 6: What is Good Science?What is Good Science? Learning Goals• Explain what is meant by cause and effect • Define the word variable • Identify the independent and dependent variable in an experiment. • Identify the variables that must be kept consistent (or controlled) in an experiment • Explain how a confounding variable (uncontrolled variable) can lead us to the wrong conclusion in an experiment • Evaluate the design of an experiment by analysing how well variables that can affect the results are controlled.
Good science supports claims with evidence that is:• from a fair test (can support OR prove idea wrong)• from a welldesigned test (variables are controlled) • based on unbiased data• honest• repeatable • accepted by the scientific community
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• Bias: is prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
• We all have bias, even scientists.• Bias leads to interpreting the test results in our favour; this is poor science.
• Scientists design tests to help reduce or eliminate their bias.
What is Bias?
This is an example of both bias and a lack of control of confounding variables. This was not a case of deceit, but one where the owner and the audiences wanted to believe what they saw and were biased towards believing in the horse and owner. Hans was shown in public for 20 years until Carl Stumpf was assigned the task of examining the claim scientifically. Students should be able to describe how Stumpt eliminated bias in the study of the horse’s ability. They should also be able to describe how confounding variables in a poorly designed experiment can lead to the wrong conclusions.
Clever Hans The horse that could do math
1) Could Clever Hans actually compute answers to math problems?
2) How was bias eliminated in the study of the horse's ability?
3) How can variables in a poorly designed experiment lead to the wrong conclusions?
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Good science always involves looking at cause and effect relationships through controlled experiments.
Cause and Effect: a relationship in which one event (the cause) makes another event (the effect) happen.
Controlled experiment: is a test where the person conducting the test only changes one variable at a time in order to isolate the results.
Variable: is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. Experiments usually have three different types of variables.
What is Good Science?
Independent Variable – something that is changed by the scientist.• What is tested• What is manipulated• A controlled experiment has only one
Experiments Involve 3 Types of Variables
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Experiments Involve 3 Types of Variables
Dependent Variable – something that might be affected by the change in the independent variable.• What is observed• What is measured• The data collected during the investigation
Experiments Involve 3 Types of Variables
Controlled Variable – a variable that is not changed• Also called constants• Allow for a “fair test”
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1) Students of different ages were given the same jigsaw puzzle to put together. They were timed to see how long it took to finish the puzzle.
Independent variable:• Ages of the students• Different ages were tested by the scientist.
Dependent variable:• The time it took to put the
puzzle together. • The scientist observed and
recorded the time.
A controlled variable:• Same puzzle• All of the participants were tested with the same puzzle.• It would not have been a fair test if some had an easy 30 piece puzzle and
some had a harder 500 piece puzzle.
Let's Practice:Identify the independent, dependent, and controlled variables in each situation below.
2) An investigation was done with an electromagnetic system made from a battery and wire wrapped around a nail. Different sizes of nails were used. The number of paper clips the electromagnet could pick up was measured.
Independent Variable• Sizes of nails
> These were changed by the scientist
Dependent variable:• Number of paper clips picked up
> The number of paper clips observed and counted (measured) Control:• Battery, wire, type of nail
> None of these items were changed
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1) That's Random Lesson Plan
2) Diversity Sleuth Lesson Plan
P. 3437 in Science surprise. Print and have students answer questions.1. What are two clues that an ad claiming scientific support may not be true?*2. List three reasons why poor science happens.3. What is the one feature of good science that is different from poor science?*4. List two ways that personal bias can influence science.*5. What are three features of good science that tend to make it stronger?*6. What is one clue that a published scientific claim may not be good science?*
ALSO SA4.3 In Science Surprise appendix has great good science vs. poor science activity.
p. 3842 Science surprise How to tell good science versus bad science... & self check D
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Project:
Find an example of good science & an example of bad science.
Provide three claims as to why you believe this with evidence to back up each claim.
Do sample with them using template...
Which way does it grow experiment.
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