Reducing the Risk ofCardiovascularDiseases

Michael Keller/CORBIS

I will choose behaviors to reduce my risk ofcardiovascular diseases.

Adisease of the heart and blood vessels is a .In this lesson you will learn about the risk factors you can and cannot control. cardiovascular diseaseWhat Youll Learn1. Identify characteristics of

different cardiovasculardiseases. (p. 515)

2. Identify cardiovascular diseaserisk factors that cannot becontrolled. (p. 518)

3. Identify cardiovascular riskfactors that can be controlled.(p. 518)

4. Describe medical diagnosesand treatments for heartdisease. (p. 520)

Why Its ImportantHeart disease, a type ofcardiovascular disease, is theleading cause of death in theUnited States. You can take stepsto reduce your risk of developingheart disease. This lesson willdescribe what you can do to keepyour heart healthy.

Key Terms cardiovascular disease angina pectoris plaque arteriosclerosis arrhythmia pacemaker stroke aneurysm prehypertension antihypertensives

Writing About Reducing Risk Suppose that since several membersof your family suffer from cardiovascular diseases, you know that youhave a higher risk of developing a cardiovascular disease. What can youdo to lower your risk? After reading about reducing your risk on page518, make a list in your health journal of ways you can reduce your riskof developing cardiovascular disease.

514 UNIT 8 Communicable and Chronic Diseases

47

There are many different kinds of cardiovascular diseases.

They have signs and symptoms that are unique to each.

In this section you will learn about the characteristics of

eight different kinds of cardiovascular diseases.

Angina pectoris Chest pain thatresults from narrowed coronaryarteries is (an JYnuhPEK tuh ruhs). The pain occursbecause the heart is not getting anadequate amount of oxygen. Suddenphysical exertion, vigorous exercise,or excessive stress can cause anginapectoris in people with coronary heartdisease. Many people with coronaryheart disease take nitroglycerin pillsto relieve chest pains. Nitroglycerinis a drug that widens the coronaryarteries, allowing more oxygen to getto the cardiac muscle. A heart attackmay occur if the narrowing thatcauses angina pectoris is very severe.

Congestive heart failure A conditionthat occurs when the hearts pumpingability is below normal capacity andfluid accumulates in the lungs andother areas of the body is congestiveheart failure. Causes of congestiveheart failure are heart attack, athero-sclerosis, birth defects, high bloodpressure, and rheumatic fever. Drugsthat improve the hearts pumpingability and get rid of excess fluids areused to treat congestive heart failure.Reducing the amount of sodium inthe diet is helpful.

Coronary heart disease A disease inwhich the coronary arteries are nar-rowed or blocked is coronary heartdisease (CHD). A coronary arteryis a blood vessel that carries blood tothe heart muscles. The coronaryarteries encircle the heart and con-tinuously nourish it with blood.Plaque buildup in the coronary arter-ies causes coronary heart disease,which can cause a heart attack.

is hardened deposits of fatand other materials in the walls ofarteries throughout the body.

Plaque

angina pectoris

LESSON 47 Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases 515

What to Know AboutCardiovascular Diseases

Fish Oils Omega-3fatty acids, found infish oils, are good forthe heart. Studies are underway todetermine their effect on the health of the brain.

This artery contains plaque buildup.

Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosisA term used to describe hardeningand thickening of the arteries is

(ahr tee ree ohskluh ROH sis). Arteriosclerosistends to occur naturally as peopleage. Atherosclerosis is a disease inwhich fat deposits collect on arterywalls. The fatty deposits may hardenand form plaque. Medical scientistsbelieve that high blood cholesterollevels, a high-fat diet, high bloodpressure, and smoking can causeinjury to the lining of arteries andcontribute to plaque buildup. Thebuildup of plaque in artery walls doesnot develop suddenly later in life, butmay begin as early as age two. Botharteriosclerosis and atherosclerosisare types of coronary heart disease.

Heart rhythm abnormalities Theheart must beat in rhythm to effec-tively pump blood throughout thebody. A heart condition in which theheart may beat very slowly or veryfast for no obvious reason is

(ay RIHTH mee uh).The heart may skip beats or beatirregularly. Various drugs are avail-able to treat arrhythmia. People whodo not improve after taking drugs mayneed to have surgery to implant apacemaker. A is a devicethat is implanted in the heart to stim-ulate normal heart contractions.

Rheumatic fever An autoimmuneaction in the heart that can causefever, weakness, and damage to thevalves in the heart is

The symptoms of rheumaticfever are painful, swollen joints, andskin rashes. Rheumatic fever is mostcommon in children and teens.Prevention of rheumatic feverinvolves getting prompt treatment forstrep throat. Permanent heart dam-age that results from rheumatic feveris called rheumatic heart disease.

Stroke A condition caused by ablocked or broken blood vessel in thebrain is a or cerebrovascu-lar (suh ree broh VAS kyuh luhr)accident. Brain cells in the area ofthe blocked or broken blood vesselare deprived of the oxygen they need.The brain cells die within minutesand the affected area of the brain andthe parts of the body controlled bythose brain cells cannot function.One of the most common causes of astroke is a blood clot in an artery inthe brain. Strokes also can be causedif an aneurysm in the brain bursts.An (AN yuh rih zuhm) isa weakened area of a blood vessel.

aneurysm

stroke,

fever.rheumatic

pacemaker

arrhythmia

arteriosclerosis

516 UNIT 8 Communicable and Chronic Diseases(t)ISM/Phototake, (b)Michael Keller/CORBIS

Stroke Stroke is thethird leading causeof death in the

United States.

A pacemaker isused to treat

arrhythmia.

A physician candetermine if a

persons heartbeatis normal.

Strokes also can be caused by a headinjury. A stroke may result in paraly-sis, disability, or death. High bloodpressure, cigarette smoking, highblood cholesterol, and having heartdisease or diabetes are major riskfactors for having a stroke.

Heart attack The death of cardiacmuscle caused by a lack of blood flowto the heart is a heart attack. Themedical term for heart attack ismyocardial infarction (my uh KAR dee uhlin FARK shun) (MI). A coro-nary artery that is narrowed byplaque might become clogged by ablood clot, preventing blood flow to the heart muscle. A heart attack mayresult in disability or death. The

warning signs includeuncomfortable pressureor pain in the center ofthe chest that lasts formore than a few minutes;pain that spreads to theshoulders, neck, jaw, back,or stomach; lightheadedness;fainting; sweating; nausea; and short-ness of breath.

Most heart attacks start with mildpain or discomfort and progress slowly.Others are sudden and intense. TheAmerican Heart Association (AHA)warns that not all of these signs occurin every heart attack. The AHAadvises that a person should get med-ical help immediately when some ofthese symptoms occur.

LESSON 47 Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases 517Tim Fuller

One of the best things you can do to keep your heart healthy is to keep moving. Regular moderate to vigorousexercise strengthens your heart. It also helps control blood cholesterol and blood pressure and reduces stress.Remember that exercise that is good for your heart is aerobic. It makes your muscles useoxygen and causes your heart to pump harder to deliver oxygen to the muscles.Recognize that aerobic exercise is vigorous, repetitive, and sustainedlasting 20 minutes or more at a time. Here aresome tips to help you fit more heart-healthy exercise intoyour weekly routine.

Using Goal-Setting and Decision-Making Skills: Being Heart Healthy

Keep a daily log of youraerobic activities.

1 Write yourhealth goal.For one week,keep a daily chart ofyour aerobic activitiesand the number ofminutes spent on eachone. Try to include avariety of aerobicexercises.

2Make an action

plan to

meet your health goal.

Review your chart. Rate

your level of aerobic activity

as low, medium, or high. A

high level is three or more

sessions per week of mod-

erate to vigorous exertion

lasting 20 minutes or

more at a time.

5Build a supp

ort

system. Have fun

while exercising.

Choose activities that you

will enjoy. This will make

it easier for exercise to

become a habit.

3 Identifyobstacles toyour plan. Ifyour rating is low ormedium, set one ormore goals forincreasing your level ofaerobic activity. Forexample, if you spend anhour or more each dayplaying video games, youcould replace 20 minutesof that time with anaerobic activity.

4Set up

a timeline to a

ccomplish

your health go

al and keep a

chart or diary

in which you

record progres

s towards your

health

goal. As you se

t your goals, co

nsider

your schedule. D

o you prefer to

be active

in the morning o

r evening? How

can you

make more time

for exercise? Th

ink

about location. W

ill you exercise

at home,

at school, or som

ewhere else? Do

you

prefer exercisin

g alone or with

others?

6 Revise your action plan or timelineif necessary and reward yourselfwhen you reach your health goal.Lastly, be realistic. If you havent exercisedmuch, start with a low level of activity. Asyou adjust, you can increase the length orintensity of the exercise.

Characteristics of people and ways they might behave that increase the possibility of

cardiovascular disease are cardiovascular disease risk factors. The greater the

number of cardiovascular disease risk factors people have, the greater their risk of

cardiovascular disease. The severity of a risk factor also determines its importance.

Risk Factors You CannotControlAge, gender, race, and havingblood relatives with cardio-vascular disease are risk fac-

tors you cannot control. The riskof cardiovascular disease increaseswith age. Males generally have ahigher incidence of cardiovasculardisease than females.

Risk Factors You Can ControlMaintain a healthy blood cholesterollevel. The risk of a heart attack risesas blood cholesterol level increases.Cholesterol is a fat-like substancemade by the body and found in cer-tain foods. People can check theirblood cholesterol level by having asmall amount of their blood analyzedand, if cholesterol is high, a lipopro-tein analysis. A lipoprotein analy-sis is a measure of two main types oflipoproteins in the blood. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) aresubstances in the blood that carrycholesterol to body cells. High-den-sity lipoproteins (HDLs) are sub-stances in the blood that carrycholesterol to the liver for breakdownand excretion. The higher the HDLlevel in the blood, the lower the risk

of developing heart disease. Reducingthe amount of saturated fat in thediet can help lower blood cholesterollevel. Saturated fat is a type of fatfrom dairy products, solid vegetablefat, and meat and poultry. Saturatedfat raises LDL blood cholesterol level.Physical activity and quitting smok-ing help increase the level of HDLs.

Choose a heart-healthy diet. A low-fat diet rich in fruits, vegetables,whole grains, nonfat and low-fat milkproducts, lean meats, poultry, and fishis a heart-healthy diet. Choosing aheart-healthy diet can help controlfactors that influence the risk of car-diovascular disease. A heart-healthydiet includes foods that containantioxidants. An antioxidant is asubstance that protects cells frombeing damaged by oxidation.

Avoid tobacco products and second-hand smoke. Nicotine in tobaccoproducts causes an increase in heartrate and blood pressure, whichresults in wear and tear on the heartand blood vessels. Smokers are aboutthree times more likely than non-smokers to die from coronary heartdisease. Exposure to secondhandsmoke also increases the risk of car-diovascular disease.

518 UNIT 8 Communicable and Chronic Diseases(tt)Photodisc/Getty Images, CORBIS

What to Know About Reducing Your Risk

Make theConnection

Smoking Risks Formore information onthe dangers ofsecondhand smoke, seepage 428 in Lesson 38.

1. What is acardiovasculardisease?

2. What is the dif-ference between a heart attack anda stroke?

3. What are riskfactors forcardiovasculardisease that youcan control?

Maintain healthful blood pressure.is a blood pressure

range that places people at higher riskfor heart disease and stroke. Peoplewith prehypertension have a bloodpressure of between 120139 over8089. Previously, this pressure read-ing was considered normal. High bloodpressure remains at 140 over 90.

Two stages of high blood pressureHigh blood pressure ranging between140159 over 9099 is stage-onehypertension. Blood pressure ofmore than 160 over 100 is stage-twohypertension. Both stage-one andstage-two hypertension require med-ical treatment. When a person hashigh blood pressure, the heart has towork extra hard to pump enoughblood and oxygen to the body. Thisoften contributes to scarred, hard-ened, and less elastic artery walls.

Symptoms of high blood pressureThere usually are no symptoms ofhigh blood pressure. The only waypeople can tell if they have high bloodpressure is to have it checked. Highblood pressure that is left untreatedcan contribute to heart attack, stroke,kidney failure, or vision problems.

Treatment of high blood pressurePeople can keep blood pressure low,or lower high blood pressure, by mak-ing lifestyle choices. They can loseweight if they are overweight; partic-ipate regularly in physical activity;avoid tobacco products and second-hand smoke; get an adequate amountof potassium, calcium, and magne-sium in their diets; and choose foodslow in saturated fat, cholesterol, andsodium. A physician may prescribe

(an ty hy purTEN sivhz), drugs that lower hyper-tension or high blood pressure.

Maintain a healthful body weight.Excess body weight increases therisk of cardiovascular disease. Whenoverweight people lose weight, theylower levels of LDLs, increase levelsof HDLs, and lower blood pressure.

Participate in regular physical activity.Physical activity helps control bloodcholesterol, blood pressure, bodyweight, and diabetes. The Centers forDisease Control and Prevention(CDC) estimates that fewer peoplewould die each year if half of all inac-tive people began to participate inmoderate physical activity at leastthree times a week. Regular physicalactivity decreases the tendency toform blood clots, helps reduce stress,and contributes to a stronger cardio-vascular system.

Manage stress. Stress causes theheart to work harder and increasesresting blood pressure and blood cho-lesterol levels in some people. Stress-management skills are techniquesto prevent and deal with stressors.

antihypertensives

Prehypertension

519Ann Summa

Make theConnectionManaging Stress Formore information onmanaging stress, seepage 98 in Lesson 10.

It is important tohave your bloodpressure checked bya health-careprofessional.

Heart disease can have many different characteristics. In some people, heart disease

may be present but there are no signs and symptoms. In others, there may be

indications of heart disease and yet, a person may not be aware of the warning signs.

What to Know About Diagnosingand Treating Heart DiseaseMany different procedures are usedto diagnose heart disease. Treat-

ments include diet and exercise,drugs, procedures, and surgery.

520 UNIT 8 Communicable and Chronic Diseases

Procedure Description

TABLE 47.1 Diagnosing and Treating Heart Disease

A stress test, also called a treadmill test, usually involves walking or running on a treadmill at increasinglevels of difficulty. Heart action is monitored while this takes place.

A procedure in which a thin, plastic tube is inserted into a blood vessel in the groin. A hollow tube called acatheter is then inserted through the plastic tube to the arteries in the heart. Material is injected through thecatheter to allow the physician to see if there is blockage in the blood vessels in the heart.

Cardiaccatheterization

Echocardiogram

Exercise stresstest

A test that uses ultrasound to visualize the hearts walls and pumping action.

Electro-cardiogram

In this test, electrodes that record the electrical activity of the heart are attached to the chest, arms, and legsto determine heart function.

Thallium ornuclear stresstest

Balloonangioplasty

Stent

A test that shows which parts of the heart function normally and which function abnormally. A radioactivesubstance is injected into the bloodstream and sends a signal that produces clear pictures on a monitor.The pictures show the health of the heart muscle.

A procedure in which a special catheter with a small balloon tip is guided to a narrowing artery in the heart.When the balloon is in place, it is inflated to compress the plaque in the artery wall. This stretches the arteryopen to increase blood flow to the heart. This procedure can reduce the risk of having a heart attack.

A procedure in which a small, stainless steel, mesh tube is placed through a catheter into an artery in theheart. A small balloon is inflated; it pushes the stent open inside the wall of the artery. When the balloon isdeflated, the stent stays open to keep the artery expanded so that blood flow is strong.

47STUD

Y

GUIDE

Key Terms ReviewMatch the definitions below with the lesson Key Terms on the left. Do not write in this book.

aneurysmangina pectorisantihypertensivesarrhythmiaarteriosclerosiscardiovascular

diseasepacemakerplaqueprehypertensionrheumatic feverstroke

1. deposits around an artery wall

2. drugs that lower blood pressure

3. a device placed into the heart to regulateheartbeat

4. chest pain caused by narrowed coronaryarteries

5. a weakened area of a blood vessel

6. hardening of the arteries

7. a blocked blood vessel in the brain

8. a heart condition in which the heart maybeat very slowly or very fast for no obviousreason

9. a blood pressure between 120139 over8089

10. the general name for a disease of the heartand blood vessels

Recalling the Facts11. What is cardiovascular disease?

12. Explain the cause of angina pectoris.

13. Explain what causes a stroke.

14. Describe four warning signs of a heart attack.

15. List three risk factors for cardiovascular disease that you can control.

16. What is the purpose of cardiac catheterization?

17. What are two methods of treating heartdisease?

18. Distinguish between stage-one hyperten-sion and stage-two hypertension.

Critical Thinking19. How would a person know if there is a

lack of oxygen to the heart?

20. Why would a person who has arteriosclero-sis have trouble exercising for long periodsof time?

21. What would happen if a heart could notbeat regularly?

22. Why should a person with heart diseaseavoid eating fatty foods?

Real-Life Applications23. What behaviors would you practice if you

were at risk for hypertension?

24. What actions would you take if you sus-pect you might be at risk for heart disease?

25. What are some healthful things you mightdo to relieve stress?

26. Explain why having a physical exam beforeengaging in a sport is important.

LESSON 47 Study Guide 521Tim Fuller

ActivitiesResponsible Decision Making27. Write Suppose you decide to follow a

heart-healthy diet. You have lunch withsome of your classmates. They suggest thatyou have pizza, soda, and cake instead ofyour grilled chicken salad, skim milk, andapple. What should you do? What shouldyou say to your friends? Write a responseto this situation. Refer to the ResponsibleDecision-Making Model on page 61 forhelp.

Sharpen Your Life Skills28. Access Health Services The

American Heart Association (AHA) hasinformation on heart-healthy diets. Write or call the American Heart Association forsuggestions on how to plan and eat aheart-healthy diet. Using their suggestions,plan a heart-healthy lunch diet for oneweek. Share your diet suggestions withyour classmates.

Visit www.glencoe.com for more Health & Wellness quizzes.

http://www.glencoe.com

Health & WellnessTable of ContentsUNIT 1 Health SkillsLesson 1 Taking Responsibility for HealthLesson 2 Accessing Valid Health Information, Products, and ServicesLesson 3 Practicing Healthful BehaviorsLesson 4 Analyzing Influences on HealthLesson 5 Using Communication SkillsLesson 6 Setting Health Goals and Making Responsible DecisionsLesson 7 Being a Health Advocate

UNIT 2 Mental and Emotional HealthLesson 8 Developing Good CharacterLesson 9 Developing a Healthy MindLesson 10 Expressing Emotions and Managing StressLesson 11 Dealing with DepressionLesson 12 Dealing with Loss and Grief

UNIT 3 Family and Social HealthLesson 13 Developing Healthful Family RelationshipsLesson 14 Adjusting to Family ChangesLesson 15 Examining Dating and FriendshipsLesson 16 Practicing Abstinence From SexLesson 17 Recognizing Harmful RelationshipsLesson 18 Preparing for Marriage and Parenthood

UNIT 4 Growth and DevelopmentLesson 19 Keeping Your Body HealthyLesson 20 Learning About the Reproductive SystemsLesson 21 Learning About Pregnancy and ChildbirthLesson 22 Caring for Infants and ChildrenLesson 23 Developing Learning and Planning StylesLesson 24 Aging Healthfully

UNIT 5 NutritionLesson 25 Choosing Healthful FoodsLesson 26 Following Dietary GuidelinesLesson 27 Using Diet to Guard Against DiseaseLesson 28 Developing Healthful Eating HabitsLesson 29 Maintaining a Healthful Weight

UNIT 6 Personal Health and Physical ActivityLesson 30 Having Regular Physical ExamsLesson 31 Being Well-GroomedLesson 32 Getting Adequate Rest and SleepLesson 33 Participating in Physical ActivityLesson 34 Practicing FitnessLesson 35 Exercising Safely

UNIT 7 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other DrugsLesson 36 Using Prescription and OTC Drugs SafelyLesson 37 Choosing an Alcohol-Free LifestyleLesson 38 Choosing a Tobacco-Free LifestyleLesson 39 Avoiding Illegal Drug UseLesson 40 Avoiding Drug DependenceLesson 41 Resisting Pressure to Abuse DrugsLesson 42 Reducing Risk by Being Drug FreeLesson 43 Assessing Treatment Options

UNIT 8 Communicable and Chronic DiseasesLesson 44 Avoiding Communicable Diseases.Lesson 45 Dealing with Respiratory Diseases, Asthma, and AllergiesLesson 46 Reducing the Risk of STDs and HIVLesson 47 Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular DiseasesLesson 48 Managing Chronic Health ConditionsLesson 49 Reducing the Risk of Cancer

UNIT 9 Consumer and Community HealthLesson 50 Acquiring Knowledge of Health LawsLesson 51 Managing Time and MoneyLesson 52 Analyzing Media MessagesLesson 53 Accessing Reliable Health CareLesson 54 Investigating Health CareersLesson 55 Learning About Public Health

UNIT 10 Environmental HealthLesson 56 Learning About Environmental IssuesLesson 57 Preventing Air and Water PollutionLesson 58 Preventing Noise and Visual PollutionLesson 59 Practicing Recycling and ConservationLesson 60 Protecting the Environment

UNIT 11 Injury Prevention and Personal SafetyLesson 61 Reducing Unintentional InjuriesLesson 62 Staying Safe During Severe Weather and Natural DisastersLesson 63 Reducing the Risk of ViolenceLesson 64 Respecting Authority and Obeying LawsLesson 65 Protecting Yourself From Physical ViolenceLesson 66 Protecting Yourself From Sexual ViolenceLesson 67 Staying Away From GangsLesson 68 Reducing Weapon InjuriesLesson 69 Performing Common First Aid ProceduresLesson 70 Performing Emergency First Aid Procedures

Health ResourcesEnglish/Spanish GlossaryIndexCredits

Feature ContentsActivity: Using Life SkillsSpeaking OutHealth NewsFacts AboutJust the Facts

Student WorkbooksReading EssentialsTo the StudentUnit 1: Health SkillsLesson 1: Taking Responsibility for HealthLesson 2: Accessing Valid Health Information, Products, and ServicesLesson 3: Practicing Healthful BehaviorsLesson 4: Analyzing Influences on HealthLesson 5: Using Communication SkillsLesson 6: Setting Health Goals and Making Responsible DecisionsLesson 7: Being a Health Advocate

Unit 2: Mental and Emotional HealthLesson 8: Developing Good CharacterLesson 9: Developing a Healthy MindLesson 10: Expressing Emotions and Managing StressLesson 11: Dealing with DepressionLesson 12: Dealing with Loss and Grief

Unit 3: Family and Social HealthLesson 13: Developing Healthful Family RelationshipsLesson 14: Adjusting to Family ChangesLesson 15: Examining Dating and FriendshipsLesson 16: Practicing Abstinence From SexLesson 17: Recognizing Harmful RelationshipsLesson 18: Preparing for Marriage and Parenthood

Unit 4: Growth and DevelopmentLesson 19: Keeping Your Body HealthyLesson 20: Learning About the Reproductive SystemsLesson 21: Learning About Pregnancy and ChildbirthLesson 22: Caring for Infants and ChildrenLesson 23: Developing Learning and Planning StylesLesson 24: Aging Healthfully

Unit 5: NutritionLesson 25: Choosing Healthful FoodsLesson 26: Following Dietary GuidelinesLesson 27: Using Diet to Guard Against DiseaseLesson 28: Developing Healthful Eating HabitsLesson 29: Maintaining a Healthful Weight

Unit 6: Personal Health and Physical ActivityLesson 30: Having Regular Physical ExamsLesson 31: Being Well-GroomedLesson 32: Getting Adequate Rest and SleepLesson 33: Participating in Physical ActivityLesson 34: Practicing FitnessLesson 35: Exercising Safely

Unit 7: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other DrugsLesson 36: Using Prescription and OTC Drugs SafelyLesson 37: Choosing an Alcohol-Free LifestyleLesson 38: Choosing a Tobacco-Free LifestyleLesson 39: Avoiding Illegal Drug UseLesson 40: Avoiding Drug DependenceLesson 41: Resisting Pressure to Abuse DrugsLesson 42: Reducing Risk by Being Drug FreeLesson 43: Assessing Treatment Options

Unit 8: Communicable and Chronic DiseasesLesson 44: Avoiding Communicable DiseasesLesson 45: Dealing with Respiratory Diseases, Asthma, and AllergiesLesson 46: Reducing the Risk of STDs and HIVLesson 47: Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular DiseasesLesson 48: Managing Chronic Health ConditionsLesson 49: Reducing the Risk of Cancer

Unit 9: Consumer and Community HealthLesson 50: Acquiring Knowledge of Health LawsLesson 51: Managing Time and MoneyLesson 52: Analyzing Media MessagesLesson 53: Accessing Reliable Health CareLesson 54: Investigating Health CareersLesson 55: Learning About Public Health

Unit 10: Environmental HealthLesson 56: Learning About Environmental IssuesLesson 57: Preventing Air and Water PollutionLesson 58: Preventing Noise and Visual PollutionLesson 59: Practicing Recycling and ConservationLesson 60: Protecting the Environment

Unit 11: Injury Prevention and Personal SafetyLesson 61: Reducing Unintentional InjuriesLesson 62: Staying Safe During Severe Weather and Natural DisastersLesson 63: Reducing the Risk of ViolenceLesson 64: Respecting Authority and Obeying LawsLesson 65: Protecting Yourself From Physical ViolenceLesson 66: Protecting Yourself From Sexual ViolenceLesson 67: Staying Away From GangsLesson 68: Reducing Weapon InjuriesLesson 69: Performing Common First Aid ProceduresLesson 70: Performing Emergency First Aid Procedures

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