lesson 1 the cell
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lesson 1 the cell](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052508/55982f8c1a28ab48178b476f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Human Body A multicellular organism. The cell.
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From cells to organisms
Human beings are
composed of
biomolecules.
They are made up of
cells.
They perform 3 vital
functions:
◦ Nutrition
◦ Reaction to stimuli
◦ Reproduction
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Cell size
Microscopic objects are
meassured in:
◦ μm = 10-3 mm
◦ nm = 10-6 mm
These are not visible
with a naked eye.
Eye resolution is 0.2 mm
◦ If two objects are
separated by a smaller
distance, we will see them
as one.
Exercise:
If an object meassures 1 mm, how many micrometers does it meassure? And how many nanometers?
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Activity
5 cm
Image increased: 1500 times
How large is the
Paramecium in
reality?
5cm
1500
= 0,0033 cm How many µm is that?
33 µm
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Biomolecules
Rich in carbon
◦ Proteins: give
structure..transport…
muscle.
◦ Lipids: fat
◦ Carbohidrates: sugar
◦ Nucleic acids: form the
nucleus. Genetic
material.
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What do all cells have in common?
Cellular membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
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Cell membrane
It is a thin layer that covers the cell and serves
as a boundary between the cell and the
surrounding.
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Cytoplasm
Inner content of the cell mainly made of
water and where different structures,
called organelles, are found.
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Organelles: Nucleus It is the largest and most visible structure in the
cell. It’s shaped like a sphere and normally in the
center of the cell. It contains the material necessary
to control all cell functions.
Nuclear envelope: made of a double membrane which
has pores that allow the exchange of substances
Chromatin: filaments of genetic material which has
the information that controls how the cell functions
Nucleolus: The ribosomes are synthesized in here
It’s structure changes depending on the phase of the
cell cycle. The chromatin condenses into structures
called chromosomes during cell division.
CONTROL
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Activity How many cells
do you see in
the image?
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The cell: organelles
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Organelles: Mitochondria
• All cells need mitochondria to obtain energy from nutrients
• Mitochondria have an oval shape with a double membrane.
• The cell obtains energy from small organic molecules using
oxygen through a process called cellular respiration
• http://www.shmoop.com/biology-cells/botw/resources?d=http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/
With
OXYGEN
Respiration
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y1dO4nNaKY&feature=relmfu
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Organelles: Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• It’s made of membrane
canals and sacks that extend
throughout the cytoplasm
with grain like structures
called ribosomes.
• Rough ER
• In the reticulum many
different substances are
produced.
• The ER without ribosomes is
the Smooth ER.
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Organelles: Lysosomes
• Membrane bound vesicles that transform complex structures into simpler ones.
• Some nutrients reach the cell already transformed in small molecules. If not they are digested into smaller molecules by the lysosomes.
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Organelles: Vacuoles
Membranous
vesicles which
store dissolved
substances as
reserves or waste.
Membrane of
vacuoles in plant cells
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Organelles: Ribosomes
Small particles
found loose in the
cytoplasm or
attatched to the
ER membrane.
They synthesize
proteins.
They are produced
in the nucleolus.
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Organelles: Centrioles
2 hollow ciliders
which walls are
made of
filaments.
They are in
charge of moving
the cytoskeleton
and play a main
role in cell
division.
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Organelles: cytoskeleton
Group of filaments that are
distributed making a network
around the cytoplasm.
Most of the time cells respond
with movements to stimuli.
The structures responsible for
this movement are the filaments
of the cytoskeleton