Lesson 1Lesson 1PronounsPronouns

• A A pronounpronoun is a word that takes the is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns.place of one or more nouns.

• Pronouns keep us from having to Pronouns keep us from having to repeat the same noun.repeat the same noun.

Example:Example:

James owns an ax, but James owns an ax, but JamesJames needs a log needs a log

splitter.splitter.

James owns an ax, but James owns an ax, but hehe needs a log needs a log splitter.splitter.

• Singular pronouns refer to one Singular pronouns refer to one person or thing. person or thing.

• Plural pronouns refer to more than Plural pronouns refer to more than one.one.

SINGULAR PRONOUNSI you he she it

PLURAL PRONOUNSwe you they

• A pronoun makes sense only if you A pronoun makes sense only if you know which noun it replaces.know which noun it replaces.

• The noun that the pronoun refers The noun that the pronoun refers to is called the to is called the antecedentantecedent..

• Make sure that you have a clear Make sure that you have a clear antecedent for every pronoun.antecedent for every pronoun.

• A pronoun can have more than one A pronoun can have more than one antecedent.antecedent.

Examples:Examples:

When When GeorgeGeorge had enough money, had enough money, hehe bought abought a

bike.bike.

George left the George left the bikebike out in the rain, and out in the rain, and itit rusted.rusted.

After After BrianBrian and and CarlaCarla had collected many had collected many recipes, recipes,

theythey decided to write a cookbook. decided to write a cookbook.

(write your own example)(write your own example)

• The antecedent does not have to The antecedent does not have to be in the same sentence as the be in the same sentence as the pronoun.pronoun.

Example:Example:

Brian and Carla wrote the Brian and Carla wrote the cookbookcookbook. Carla . Carla

illustrated illustrated itit..

Lesson 2Lesson 2

Pronouns as Pronouns as Subjects and Subjects and

ObjectsObjects

• You know that nouns can be You know that nouns can be subjects or direct objects.subjects or direct objects.

• A pronoun that replaces a subject A pronoun that replaces a subject is a is a subject pronounsubject pronoun..

Example:Bob Phillips hit the ball. He hit the ball.

• A pronoun that replaces a direct A pronoun that replaces a direct object is an object is an object pronounobject pronoun..

• An object pronoun receives the An object pronoun receives the action of a verb. action of a verb.

• Object pronouns are used after Object pronouns are used after words such as words such as toto, , inin, , forfor, and , and atat..

Examples:Examples:Dad knows Dad knows Sue FoxSue Fox. Dad knows . Dad knows herher..

Kevin threw the ball to Kevin threw the ball to JoanJoan. Kevin threw . Kevin threw the ball to the ball to herher..

• The chart shows how singular and The chart shows how singular and plural pronouns change their forms plural pronouns change their forms according to their use.according to their use.

Subject PronounsSubject Pronouns Object Object PronounsPronouns

Singular Plural

me us

you you

him, her, it them

Singular Plural

I we

you you

he, she, it they

Lesson 3Lesson 3Possessive Possessive PronounsPronouns

• You know that possessive nouns You know that possessive nouns show ownership. show ownership.

• A pronoun that shows ownership is A pronoun that shows ownership is called a called a possessive pronounpossessive pronoun..

Example:Example:

My My mugmug is on the table. is on the table. ItsIts handle is handle is broken.broken.

• Some possessive pronouns always Some possessive pronouns always come before nouns. Other come before nouns. Other possessive pronouns always stand possessive pronouns always stand alone.alone.

Before nouns:Before nouns:

HerHer mugmug is red. is red. OurOur glassesglasses are clean. are clean.

Stand alone:Stand alone:

That mug isThat mug is theirstheirs.. This isThis is minemine, not, not hershers..

• The chart shows the singular and The chart shows the singular and plural possessive nouns. Notice plural possessive nouns. Notice that that hishis and and itsits can come before can come before nouns or can stand alone.nouns or can stand alone.

Possessive Pronouns

Used before nouns Used alone

my our

mine ours

your your

yours yours

his, her, its their

his, hers, its theirs

• Do not confuse possessive Do not confuse possessive pronouns with contractions. pronouns with contractions.

• Possessive pronouns do not Possessive pronouns do not have apostrophes.have apostrophes.

Possessive PronounsPossessive Pronouns

its their youits their you

ContractionContraction

it’s they’re you’reit’s they’re you’re

(it is) (they are) (you are)(it is) (they are) (you are)

Lesson 4Lesson 4

Pronouns After Pronouns After Linking VerbsLinking Verbs

• You have learned that a linking You have learned that a linking verb joins the subject of a verb joins the subject of a sentence with a predicate noun.sentence with a predicate noun.

• Always use subject pronouns Always use subject pronouns after linking verbs.after linking verbs.

Example:Example:The champions The champions werewere theythey. The team . The team

members members

werewere sheshe and and II..

• To check that the pronoun is To check that the pronoun is correct, reverse the order of the correct, reverse the order of the sentence.sentence.

TheyThey were the champions. (correct) were the champions. (correct)

ThemThem were the champions. (incorrect) were the champions. (incorrect)

Lesson 5Lesson 5

Pronouns in Pronouns in Compound Compound

Subjects and Subjects and ObjectsObjects

• You know that two or more simple You know that two or more simple subjects joined by subjects joined by andand or or oror make make up a compound subject.up a compound subject.

• The pronouns in compound The pronouns in compound subjects are subject pronouns.subjects are subject pronouns.

• If you want to include yourself as If you want to include yourself as part of the compound subject, use part of the compound subject, use the subject pronoun the subject pronoun II..

• It is polite to mention yourself last.It is polite to mention yourself last.

Example:Example:

Pam or Pam or I I will water the plants.will water the plants.

SheShe and and hehe took a walk. took a walk.

• To check that a pronoun is correct, To check that a pronoun is correct, try using it alone as the subject.try using it alone as the subject.

• For example, drop the words For example, drop the words Pam Pam oror. . I will water the plantsI will water the plants is is correct. correct. Me will water the plantsMe will water the plants is is not.not.

• You know that a direct object You know that a direct object receives the action of a verb. receives the action of a verb.

• Any pronoun in a compound direct Any pronoun in a compound direct object must be an object pronoun.object must be an object pronoun.

• Here, too, it is polite to mention Here, too, it is polite to mention yourself last.yourself last.

Example: Example:

The dog followed Tim and The dog followed Tim and meme. (followed . (followed who?)who?)

The class invited The class invited herher, , himhim, and , and meme. . (invited who?)(invited who?)

• To be sure that the pronoun is To be sure that the pronoun is correct, ask yourself which correct, ask yourself which pronoun fits when used alone.pronoun fits when used alone.

• For example, drop For example, drop Tom andTom and. . The The dog followed medog followed me is correct. is correct. The The dog followed Idog followed I is not. is not.

Lesson 6Lesson 6

Using Who, Whom, Using Who, Whom, WhoseWhose

• The words The words whowho, , whomwhom, and , and whosewhose are forms of the pronoun are forms of the pronoun whowho..

• Questions often include Questions often include whowho, , whomwhom, or , or whosewhose..

• Use Use whowho as a subject pronoun. as a subject pronoun.

Example:Example:

WhoWho is running for office? is running for office?

WhoWho voted this morning? voted this morning?

(write your own example)(write your own example)

• Use Use whomwhom as an object pronoun. as an object pronoun.

Example:Example:

WhomWhom do you believe? do you believe?

(You do believe whom.)(You do believe whom.)

WhomWhom has Barry chosen? has Barry chosen?

(Berry has chosen whom.)(Berry has chosen whom.)

(write your own example)(write your own example)

• To check that To check that whomwhom is correct, is correct, make a statement out of the make a statement out of the question, as shown in the example question, as shown in the example on the previous slide.on the previous slide.

• WhomWhom, not , not whowho, is correct because , is correct because it works as a direct object in both it works as a direct object in both examples.examples.

• WhoseWhose is the possessive form of is the possessive form of the pronoun the pronoun whowho. .

• You often use the pronoun You often use the pronoun whosewhose when you ask questions about when you ask questions about ownership.ownership.

Example:Example:

WhoseWhose ideas are better? ideas are better?

WhoseWhose vote will decide? vote will decide?

• Do not confuse Do not confuse whosewhose and and who’swho’s. . Whose Whose is a possessive pronoun. is a possessive pronoun. Who’sWho’s is a contraction of the words is a contraction of the words who iswho is..

• Remember that a possessive Remember that a possessive pronoun never has an apostrophe.pronoun never has an apostrophe.

Example:Example:

Who’sWho’s the best person for the job? (Who the best person for the job? (Who is)is)

WhoseWhose sister is she? sister is she?

Lesson 7Lesson 7

Using We and Us Using We and Us with Nounswith Nouns

• The pronouns The pronouns wewe and and usus are often are often used with nouns for emphasis. used with nouns for emphasis.

• Use the subject pronoun Use the subject pronoun wewe with a with a subject or after a linking verb.subject or after a linking verb.

• Use the object pronoun Use the object pronoun usus with a with a direct object.direct object.

Examples:Examples:

WITH A SUBJECTWITH A SUBJECT

WeWe girlsgirls are the state champions. are the state champions.

AFTER A LINKING VERBAFTER A LINKING VERB

The winning players The winning players werewere wewe boys. boys.

WITH A DIRECT OBJECTWITH A DIRECT OBJECT

The team needs The team needs usus fans. (needs fans. (needs who?)who?)

Lesson 8Lesson 8

Indefinite PronounsIndefinite Pronouns

• You have learned that pronouns You have learned that pronouns take the place of nouns.take the place of nouns.

• The nouns that they replace are The nouns that they replace are called antecedents.called antecedents.

• Pronouns called Pronouns called indefinite indefinite pronounspronouns do not have definite do not have definite antecedents.antecedents.

• An indefinite pronoun does not An indefinite pronoun does not refer to a specific person, place, or refer to a specific person, place, or thing.thing.

Example:Example:

SomeoneSomeone left a book on the desk. left a book on the desk.

Does Does anybodyanybody need a pencil? need a pencil?

• Some indefinite pronouns are Some indefinite pronouns are singular and always take a singular singular and always take a singular verb.verb.

• Other indefinite pronouns are Other indefinite pronouns are plural and always take a plural plural and always take a plural verb.verb.

Singular: Singular: EverybodyEverybody isis waiting for the waiting for the teacher.teacher.

Plural: Plural: ManyMany areare excited about the lesson. excited about the lesson.

• The chart shows the most common The chart shows the most common singular and plural indefinite pronouns.singular and plural indefinite pronouns.

Singular Pluralanybody everybody nothinganybody everybody nothing all all

othersothers

anyone everyone anyone everyone somebodysomebody

both both severalseveral

anything everything anything everything someone someone

few somefew some

each nobody each nobody somethingsomething

manymany