Lesson1

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Grammar

AlphabetTheEsperantoalphabetconsistsof28letters:

Aa,Bb,Cc,Ĉĉ,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Ĝĝ,Hh,Ĥĥ,Ii,Jj,Ĵĵ,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Rr,Ss,Ŝŝ,Tt,Uu,Ŭŭ,Vv,Zz

SomelettersareuniquetoEsperanto:

Ĉĉ,Ĝĝ,Ĥĥ,Ĵĵ,Ŝŝ,Ŭŭ

ŭ=shortu.

Thediphthongsaŭ,eŭ,whichconsistof"a"or"e"andtheshort"ŭ",formonesyllable.

Eŭ-RO-po,aŭ-TO-ro

Wordsarepronouncedexactlyasspelled:

amiko = friend

ĉambro = room

ĝi = it

StressWordsofmorethanonesyllablearestressedonthelastsyllablebutone:

te-le-FO-no,ra-DI-o,KAJ,a-MI-ko,ES-tas,AN-kaŭ,hi-sto-RI-o

ArticleEsperantohasonlythedefinitearticlela,whichdoesnotchangeforgender,numberorcase.Thearticleindicatesthattherelevantobjects,personsorthingsareknownanddefined,orhavealreadybeenmentioned.ThereisnoindefinitearticleinEsperanto.

Seĝoestasenĉambro. = Achair(anychair)inaroom(anyroom).

Laseĝoestasmia. = Thechair(alreadymentioned,definedprecisely)ismine.

Personalpronouns

Thepronounsliandŝiareusedonlyforpersons,ie.formenandwomen(masculineandfemininegender).Thepronounĝiisusedtodenoteobjects,animals,things,andpersonsforwhomgenderisnotspecified.

mi = I

vi = you

li = he

ŝi = she

ĝi = it

ni = we

ili = they

PossessivepronounsThepossessivepronounsareformedbyaddingtheending-atothesimplepronouns:

mia = my

via = your

lia = his

ŝia = her(possessivepronoun)

ĝia = its

nia = our(possessivepronoun)

ilia = their(possessivepronoun)

NounsAllnounsendin-o.Thereisnogrammaticalgender:whereappropriate,femininesexisindicatedbythesuffix-in.

tablo = table

lernanto = learner,pupil

lernantino = femalepupil,femalelearner

PluralThepluralendingis-j.Bothnounsandadjectivestakethisending:

tabloj = tables

lernantoj = learners

viajlernantoj = yourlearners

VerbsTheinfinitiveendingis-i:

Thepresenttenseendingis-as.Itisthesameforallpersonsandnumbers:

lerni = tolearn

labori = towork

esti = tobe

misidas = Isit

visidas = yousit

nisidas = wesit

ilisidas = theysit

Ĉu?Thisisaninterrogativeparticle,usedtoturnastatementintoayes/noquestion:

Ĉuvisidas? = Areyousitting?

Ĉuviskribas? = Areyouwriting?,Doyouwrite?

Kiu?Thisinterrogativefunctionsbothasapronoun("who?")andasanadjective("which?"):

Kiuviestas? = Whoareyou?

Kiuinstruistosidas? = Whichteacherissitting?

-IST-TheSuffix-ist-isusedtoformthenameofapersonregularlyengagedinsomeactivity:

instruisto = teacher

hotelisto = hotelemployee

esperantisto = Esperantist,Esperantospeaker

-IN-TheSuffix-in-isusedtoformthefeminineofanoun:

patro = father

lernanto = learner,pupil

instruisto = teacher

patrino = mother

lernantino = femalepupil,femalelearner

instruistino = (female)teacher

AffirmativeParticleTheaffirmativeParticlejeshasthesamesoundandmeaningastheEnglish"yes".

Ĉuviestasenlaĉambro? = Areyouintheroom?

Jes,miestasenlaĉambro. = Yes,Iamintheroom.

NegationThenegativeParticlenecorrespondsto"no"(oppositeof"yes")andto"not":

Ne,mineestasenlaĉambro. = No,Iamnotintheroom.

LearninggoalsgettoknowtheirfirstwordsinEsperantounderstandthatallsubstantivesendwithan-Ogettoknowthepluralending-Jgettoknowtheverbending-AS,thepresenttenseendingforallverbsgettoknowthesuffix-IST-forreferringtoprofessions

RequireddidacticmaterialsComputerforplayingaudio,Colouredwordcardsinenvelopes

PreparationAudios1,2CopiesofM1ColouredwordcardsM2CopiesofM3CopiesofM4CopiesofM5

Newwords

Block1(sessions1-2)

Newwordsesti = tobe

mi = I

vi = you

mia = my

amiko = friend

la = the,thedefinitearticleinEsperanto

li = he

lernanto = learner,pupil

lerni = tolearn

kaj = and

ne = no,not

sportisto = sportsperson,athlete

nun = now

sidi = tosit

en = in

ĉambro = room

sur = on

tablo = table

papero = paper

libro = book

skribi = towrite

ĝi = it

lernolibro = textbook

ĉu = whether;interrogativeparticle,usedtoturnastatementintoayes/noquestion

kiu = who,which

jes = yes

-IST = thesuffixwhichisusedtoformthenameofapersonregularlyengagedinsomeactivitiy

-AS = theverbendingforthepresenttense

-O = endingfornouns

-J = endingforplural

Activityplan

5min HandouttheTextM1andlistentoAudio1.

15min ReadandtranslateM1together.

Askpupilstoreadtwosentenceseachandtotranslatethem.Whentheycometotheendofthetext,theystartfromthebeginning,thistimewithouttranslation.Theteacheronlyassistswiththecorrectpronunciationandhelpswiththetranslation,ifnecessary.

Thiswaythepupilswillreadthetextseveraltimes,rememberwordsandgettoknowthegrammaticalendings-O,-J,-ASandthesuffix-IST.

5min Non-linguisticrecreationalgame

20min PlaytheGamewithcolouredwordcardsin4envelopes.Formgroupsof3pupilsandhandthemasetofenvelopeswithM2.Askthegroupstocreatetogethersentencescontaining4words.Thewordshavetobeinthefollowingorder:

wordfromtheredenvelopewordfromthegreenenvelopewordfromtheblueenvelopewordfromtheyellowenvelope

Thewordsshouldbetakenoutoftheenvelopesrandomly.Thegoalistofindoutwhichsentencesmakesenseandwritethemdowninthenotebook.Youcanmakeacompetition:thegroupwhichcreatesandtranslatesthemostsentenceswinsthegame.Theyreceiveonepointforeachmeaningfulsentencetheycreate.

Colouredwordcardsin4envelopes:

Redwords:mi,amiko,li,lernanto,ĉambro,papero,libro,sportisto,tabloGreenwords:estas,sidas,lernas,skribasBluewords:en,surYellowwords:ĉambro,tablo,mi,papero,lernanto,li,ĝi

Youcanthenaskpupilswhattheyhavelearned–whatdotheythinkthedifferentendingsmean?Explainbrieflythemeaningoftheendings-O,-J,-ASandthesuffix-IST.

10min Break

20min HandoutDialogM3.

Dividepupilsintopairsandaskthemtoreadthedialogandtotrytotranslateit.Askonepairtoreadthedialogoutloudandtotranslateit,linebyline.Helpwiththetranslation,ifnecessary.Thenaskthispairtoactoutthedialog,withouttranslatingitagain.Ifthereistime,youcanaskotherpairstoactoutthedialog.

5min Non-linguisticrecreationalgame

20min HandouttheSongM4.Translatethesongtogetherandsingit2-3times.

Assignhomework

M1 Text

AmikoMarko(1-aparto)Markoestasmiaamiko.Liestaslernantokajsportisto.

Linunsidasenĉambrokajlernas.Surtabloestaspaperojkajlibroj.Ĝiestasskribotablo.Lalibrojsurlatabloestaslernolibroj.

M2 Colouredwordcards

mi amiko

li lernanto

ĉambro papero

libro sportisto

tablo

estas sidas

lernas skribas

en sur

ĉambro tablo

mi papero

lernanto li

ĝi

M3 Dialog

Petro

Ana

Petro

Ana

Petro

Ana

MiestasPetro.Kiuviestas?

MiestasAna.Ĉusurlatabloestaslernolibroj?

Jes.Kiujlibrojestasenlaĉambro?

Lernolibroj.

Ĉuviskribas?

Ne,milernas.

M4 Song

Ĉulernantoj?Ĉulernantoj,ĉulernantoj

sidasnun,sidasnun,

enlalernoĉambro,

enlalernoĉambro,

Ĉu?Ĉu?Ĉu?,Ĉu?Ĉu?Ĉu?

Melody:adaptedaftertheFrenchsongFrèreJacques

M5 Homework

Findwhatiswrongandcorrectit.

AmikoMarko

Markoestasmiaĉambro.

Liestaslernantokajpaperoj.

Linunestasenĉambrokajlernas.

Surtabloestasĉambrokajlibroj.

Ĝisidasskribotablo.

Laamikosurlatabloestaslernolibroj.

Learninggoalsrepeatandusewordsfromthepreviouslessonsusenewwordsuseendings-O,-J,-ASandthesuffix-ISTandrepeattheirmeaning

RequireddidacticmaterialsComputerforplayingaudio,Colouredwordcardsinenvelopes

PreparationAudios3,4ColouredwordcardsM6CopiesofM7CopiesofM8CopiesofM9CopiesofM10

Newwords

Block2(sessions3-4)

ho = oh!

instrui = toteach

ŝi = she

via = your

sporti = toengageinsports

Activityplan

15min PlaytheGamewithcolouredwordcardsin4envelopes.Formgroupsof3pupilsandhandthemasetofenvelopeswithM6.Askthegroupstocreatetogethersentencescontaining4words.Thewordshavetobeinthefollowingorder:

wordfromtheredenvelopewordfromthegreenenvelopewordfromtheblueenvelopewordfromtheyellowenvelope

Thewordsshouldbetakenoutoftheenvelopesrandomly.Thegoalistofindoutwhichsentencesmakesenseandwritethemdowninthenotebook.Youcanmakeacompetition:thegroupwhichcreatesandtranslatesthemostsentenceswinsthegame.Theyreceiveonepointforeachmeaningfulsentencetheycreate.

Colouredwordcardsin4envelopes:

Redwords:mi,amiko,li,lernanto,ĉambro,papero,libro,sportisto,tabloGreenwords:estas,sidas,lernas,skribasBluewords:en,surYellowwords:ĉambro,tablo,mi,papero,lernanto,li,ĝi

Youcanthenaskpupilswhattheyhavelearned–whatdotheythinkthedifferentendingsmean?Explainbrieflythemeaningoftheendings-O,-J,-ASandthesuffix-IST.

5min SingSongM7together2-3times.

5min Non-linguisticrecreationalgame

10min ReadandtranslateM8together.Talkaboutthemeaningofthegrammaticalendings-O,-J,-ASandthesuffix-IST-.

Askpupilstoreadtwosentenceseachandtotranslatethem.Whentheycometotheendofthetext,theystartfromthebeginning,thistimewithouttranslation.Theteacheronlyassistswiththecorrectpronunciationandhelpswiththetranslation,ifnecessary.

Thiswaythepupilswillreadthetextseveraltimes,rememberwordsandgettoknowthegrammaticalendings-O,-J,-ASandthesuffix-IST.

10min Remindpupilsthattheyhadtodotheirhomework–tocorrectsentences.Askeachstudenttoreadonesentenceandtranslateit.

10min Break

20min HandoutDialogM9.

Dividepupilsintopairsandaskthemtoreadthedialogandtotrytotranslateit.Askonepairtoreadthedialogoutloudandtotranslateit,linebyline.Helpwiththetranslation,ifnecessary.Thenaskthispairtoactoutthedialog,withouttranslatingitagain.Ifthereistime,youcanaskotherpairstoactoutthedialog.

5min Non-linguisticrecreationalgame

20min PlaytheWord-ballgameforlearningandrepeatingwords.Askpupilstoformacircle.Throwtheballtooneofthepupilsandnameawordinthenationallanguage,whichthepupilshavealreadylearnedinEsperanto.ThepupilwiththeballtranslatesthewordintoEsperanto.Thenheorshecanthrowtheballtoanotherpupilandnameaword,whichthenewpupilhastotranslateintoEsperantoetc.Ifthepupildoesn’tknowthecorrectwordinEsperanto,theteachergivesanotherworduntilthepupilrespondscorrectly.Thenheorshecanthrowtheball.

Assignhomework

M6 Colouredwordcards

mi amiko

li lernanto

ĉambro papero

libro sportisto

tablo

estas sidas

lernas skribas

en sur

ĉambro tablo

mi papero

lernanto li

ĝi

M7 Song

Ĉulernantoj?Ĉulernantoj,ĉulernantoj

sidasnun,sidasnun,

enlalernoĉambro,

enlalernoĉambro,

Ĉu?Ĉu?Ĉu?,Ĉu?Ĉu?Ĉu?

Melody:adaptedaftertheFrenchsongFrèreJacques

M8 Text

AmikoMarko(1-aparto)Markoestasmiaamiko.Liestaslernantokajsportisto.

Linunsidasenĉambrokajlernas.Surtabloestaspaperojkajlibroj.Ĝiestasskribotablo.Lalibrojsurlatabloestaslernolibroj.

M9 Dialog

Ana

Petro

Ana

Petro

Ana

Petro

Ana

Petro

Ana

Ĉuvilernasnunenĉambro?

Jes.Kajvi?

Misidassurlernolibro.

Ho!

Lernantojlernas.Ĉuvilernas?

Ne.Miskribassurpapero.

Ĉulainstruistosportas?

Ne.Ĉulibrosurlatabloestasvia?

Ne.Lalibroneestasmia,ĝiestasvia.

M10 Homework

PupilsplacethewordsfromText1inthecorrectplaceinthetable.

Verb Noun Preposition

Learninggoalsusenewwordsforminterrogativesentenceswiththehelpoftheparticleĉuandasksupplementaryquestionswiththehelpofthepronounkiugettoknowthefemalesuffix-IN-createnewwordswiththehelpofsuffixesandwordsalreadyknown

RequireddidacticmaterialsComputerforplayingaudio,Colouredwordcardsinenvelopes

PreparationAudios5,6,7ColouredwordcardsM11CopiesofM12CopiesofM13CopiesofM14

Newwords

Block3(sessions5-6)

patro = father

patrino = mother

de = of,from

ili = they

labori = towork

laboristo = worker

hotelo = hotel

instrui = toteach

lia = his

instruistino = (female)teacher

vidi = tosee

Esperanto = Esperanto

kio = what

lingvo = language

ni = we

respondi = toanswer

-IN- = thesuffixwhichisusedtoformthefeminineofanoun

Activityplan

20min PlaytheGamewithcolouredwordcardsin5envelopes.Formgroupsof3pupilsandhandthemasetofenvelopeswithM11.Askthegroupstocreatetogethersentencescontaining4words.Thewordshavetobeinthefollowingorder:

Wordfromthebrownenvelopewordfromtheredenvelopewordfromthegreenenvelopewordfromtheblueenvelopewordfromtheyellowenvelope

Insentenceswiththewordkiuredcardsarenotused!

Discussthemeaningofthewordsĉuandkiu.Whatdotheymean?Whyaretheyplacedinthebeginningofasentence?

Thewordsshouldbetakenoutoftheenvelopesrandomly.Thegoalistofindoutwhichsentencesmakesenseandwritethemdowninthenotebook.Youcanmakeacompetition:thegroupwhichcreatesandtranslatesthemostsentenceswinsthegame.Theyreceiveonepointforeachmeaningfulsentencetheycreate.

Colouredwordcardsin5envelopesforcreatinginterrogativesentences:

Browncards:ĉu,kiu(don’tuseredcardsinsentenceswiththewordkiu)Redwords:mi,amiko,li,lernanto,ĉambro,papero,libro,sportisto,tabloGreenwords:estas,sidas,lernas,skribasBluewords:en,surYellowwords:ĉambro,tablo,mi,papero,lernanto,li,ĝi

5min Non-linguisticrecreationalgame

5min HandouttheTextM12andlistentoAudio4.

15min ReadandtranslateM12together.

Askpupilstoreadtwosentenceseachandtotranslatethem.Whentheycometotheendofthetext,theystartfromthebeginning,thistimewithouttranslation.Theteacheronlyassistswiththecorrectpronunciationandhelpswiththetranslation,ifnecessary.

Thiswaythepupilswillreadthetextseveraltimes,rememberwordsandgettoknowthegrammaticalendings-O,-J,-ASandthesuffix-IST.

10min Break

10min Createwordstogether.Askpupilstotellyouthemeaningofwordendings-O,-J,-AS,suffixes-IST-and-IN-aswellaspossessivedeterminersMIA,VIA,LIA,ĜIA.Discussbriefly.Remindpupilsthattheyhavealreadylearnedmanynewwords;theycantakealookatallthewordtablesinlesson1.Nowtellthemthatwiththatknowledgetheycanalreadycreatetheirownwords.How?Theytakeawordandaddsuffixestoit.Thiswaytheychangethemeaningoftheword.

Mentionsomeexamplesorcreatethemtogether.Forexample:sporto,sportisto,sportistino,sportoj,sportistinoj,instruas,instruisto,instruistinoj,mi,mia,miaj,vi,via,viaj

Nowaskpupilstocreatetheirownwordsandwritethemdown.

Youcanalsohaveacontest:in5minutes,whocancreatethemostwordsthathavemeaning?

10min HandoutDialogM13.

Dividepupilsintopairsandaskthemtoreadthedialogandtotrytotranslateit.

5min Non-linguisticrecreationalgame

15min ComebacktoM13.

Dividepupilsintopairsandaskthemtoreadthedialogandtotrytotranslateit.Askonepairtoreadthedialogoutloudandtotranslateit,linebyline.Helpwiththetranslation,ifnecessary.Thenaskthispairtoactoutthedialog,withouttranslatingitagain.Ifthereistime,youcanaskotherpairstoactoutthedialog.

5min HandouttheSongM14.Translatethesongtogetherandsingit2-3times.

Assignhomework

M11 Colouredwordcards

ĉu kiu

mi amiko

li lernanto

ĉambro papero

libro sportisto

tablo

estas sidas

lernas skribas

en sur

ĉambro tablo

mi papero

lernanto li

ĝi

M12 Text

AmikoMarko(2-aparto)Lapatrokajlapatrinodemiaamikoneestasenlaĉambro.Ilinunlaboras.

Liapatroestaslaboristo,lilaborasenhotelo.

Lapatrinoinstruas.Ŝiestasinstruistino.

M13 Dialog

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

Kioestasenlaĉambro,ĉuvividas?

Minevidas.Ho,enlaĉambroestastablokajlibroj.

ĈuMariaestasenlaĉambro?

Ne,minevidas.

Kiuinstruas?

Jozefoinstruas.

ĈuJozefoestasinstruisto?

Jes.Linunsidas.

Kiujlernantojlernas?

Mividas.Marko,AnakajPetro.

Kioestassuriliajtabloj?

Paperoj,libroj.

Ĉulalibrodelainstruistoestassurlatablo?

Ne.Surliatabloestaspaperoj.

M14 Song

NiamikasNiamikas,niamikas,

vikajmi,vikajmi.

Enlalernoĉambro,

enlalernoĉambro,

skribasni,skribasni.

Melody:FrèreJacques

M15 Homework

Everypupilwritesdownfivequestions.

Everypupillearnsallwords(everyday6words).

Learninggoalsrepeatandusewordsandgrammarfromthepreviouslessons

RequireddidacticmaterialsComputerforplayingaudio,Colouredwordcardsinenvelopes

PreparationCopiesofM17CopiesofM18

Newwords

Block4(sessions7-8)

ankaŭ = also,too

respondi = toanswer

Activityplan

5min AskpupilstoreadtheentiretextM16onemoretime,withouttranslatingit.Everystudentreadstwosentences.

15min PlaytheGamewithcolouredwordcardsin5envelopes.Formgroupsof3pupilsandhandthemasetofenvelopeswithM11.Askthegroupstocreatetogethersentencescontaining4words.Thewordshavetobeinthefollowingorder:

Wordfromthebrownenvelopewordfromtheredenvelopewordfromthegreenenvelopewordfromtheblueenvelopewordfromtheyellowenvelope

Insentenceswiththewordkiuredcardsarenotused!

Thewordsshouldbetakenoutoftheenvelopesrandomly.Thegoalistofindoutwhichsentencesmakesenseandwritethemdowninthenotebook.Youcanmakeacompetition:thegroupwhichcreatesandtranslatesthemostsentenceswinsthegame.Theyreceiveonepointforeachmeaningfulsentencetheycreate.

Colouredwordcardsin5envelopesforcreatinginterrogativesentences:

Browncards:ĉu,kiu(don’tuseredcardsinsentenceswiththewordkiu)Redwords:mi,amiko,li,lernanto,ĉambro,papero,libro,sportisto,tabloGreenwords:estas,sidas,lernas,skribasBluewords:en,surYellowwords:ĉambro,tablo,mi,papero,lernanto,li,ĝi

5min Non-linguisticrecreationalgame

20min HandoutDialogM17.

Dividepupilsintopairsandaskthemtoreadthedialogandtotrytotranslateit.Askonepairtoreadthedialogoutloudandtotranslateit,linebyline.Helpwiththetranslation,ifnecessary.Thenaskthispairtoactoutthedialog,withouttranslatingitagain.Ifthereistime,youcanaskotherpairstoactoutthedialog.

10min Break

20min HandoutM18.

Askpupilstocompletethesentences.

5min Non-linguisticrecreationalgame

10min ComebacktoM13fromthepreviousBlock.Askpupilstoreaditagainandthendividethemintopairs.Eachpairactsoutthedialogwithouttranslatingit.

10min SingthesongsM4andM14together2-3times.

Assignhomework

M16 Text

AmikoMarko(1-akaj2-apartoj)Markoestasmiaamiko.Liestaslernantokajsportisto.

Linunsidasenĉambrokajlernas.Surtabloestaspaperojkajlibroj.Ĝiestasskribotablo.Lalibrojsurlatabloestaslernolibroj.

Lapatrokajlapatrinodemiaamikoneestasenlaĉambro.Ilinunlaboras.

Liapatroestaslaboristo,lilaborasenhotelo.

Lapatrinoinstruas.Ŝiestasinstruistino.

M17 Dialog

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

KiuestasamikinodeMarko?

Ana.Ĉuŝiestasenlaĉambro?

Jes,ankaŭviaamikinoKlarasidasenlaĉambro.

Kiuinstruistoinstruas?

Neestasinstruisto.EstasinstruistinoPaola.

Mividas.Enlaĉambroestaslernantinojkajlernanto.

Kiulernantinoestasviaamikino?

Ana.

M18 Exercise

Completethesentences.

Markoestasenla .

sidassurseĝo.

Instruistoinstruas.Laboristo .Lernanto .

MarkokajPetroestaslernant kajsportist .

Lapatrino Markoestasinstruistino.

Laseĝoestasen ĉambro.

Lalibroestasdeli,ĝiestasli .

Mianomoest Marko.

M19 Homework

PupilsplacethewordsfromText1inthecorrectplaceinthetable.

-o -ist-o -j istin-o

sport

instru

lernant - -in-o

amik - -in-o

paper - -