Lecture 3 – The Conquest

“chawpi punchaw tutallarqa”

Atahualpa

Iberians City-states vs. modern nation-states Conquest, Re-conquest State Creation

Internal consolidation: police, bureaucracy, religion

External exploration for: power, funding, god

Discovery and Conquest

1492: Discovery? Implications What was discovered

Why the Europeans Judeo-Christian world view (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Reconquest experience (1, 2) Technology Economic dynamism

Utilitarian worldview Political will

Devils or visionaries?

Nature of the explorers and conquistadors Columbus Hernan Cortez Pizarro Others

The Conquest

Starts in Caribbean Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba’s

explorations Grijalva’s survey Hernan Cortes

Conquest of Mexico Cortes

character alliance building luck

Montezuma Panfilio de Narvaez Cuitlahuac Cuahtemoc

August 13, 1521

Pre-encounter with Montezuma “The Spanish appeared much delighted…they seized upon the gold like

monkeys, their faces flushed. For clearly their thirst for gold was insatiable; they starved for it; they lusted for it; they wanted to stuff

themselves with it as if they were pigs”

Encounter with Montezuma

“...when we saw all those cities and the villages built in the water, and other great towns on dry land, and that straight and level causeway leading to Mexico, we were astounded. These great towns and temples and buildings rising from the water, all made of stone, [and it] seemed like an enchanted vision…Indeed some of our soldiers asked whether this was not all a dream….”

Conquest of Peru Civil war

Atahualpa v Huascar Atahualpa’s ransom

Pizarro vs. Almagro

Brazil

1494 Treaty of Tordesillas Pedro Alvares Cabral – Ilha de Vera

Cruz

Reasons for victory

Nature of the Colonies

Motivations Extractive Seniority Cores

Creating a State! Machiavelli: Mantenero lo estato! Roles Colonial state Institutions – roles

Land (and Labour!!) Encomienda Repartimiento

Moral Economy