lecture fsw dpsir + conflicts
TRANSCRIPT
Problems analysis: DPSIR
River Basin Management &
IP Field Study Days
2013-14
State of the Environment
report
DPSI(R)
CAUSE EFFECT CAUSE
BEHIND
THE
CAUSE
EFFECT
OF THE
EFFECT
DPSI(R)
PRESSURE STATE DRIVER IMPACT
Generic DPSIR framework for
water
Source: P. Kristensen, the DPSIR framework, paper presented at the Workshop on …. River Basin
Approach, UNEP, Nairobi, 2004
DPSIR: Driver
Basic sectoral trends
1. Identify the sector?
E.g. agriculture
2. Which driver?
E.g. the economy
e.g. demography
e.g. governance
DPSIR: Pressure
Factors directly
affecting the
environment
• E.g the increase in
the amount of
nutrients
• E.g. groundwater
extraction
• etc
DPSIR: State
The state of the
Environment,
observable changes
• E.g. eutrophication.
This implies a
change in the
habitats of species
DPSIR: Impact
Effects of the changed
environment
• E.g health problems
• E.g. poverty
• E.g. decrease of
economic activities
• E.g. decrease of
biodiversity
Aral Sea
Aral Sea
Aral Sea
Drivers and Pressure Drivers
Improving the economy by
cultivation of cotton and
rice
Pressure
• Decreased discharges
of the rivers Amy Darya
and Syr Darya
– Overextraction of
water
– Inefficient irrigation
practices
• Pollution with fertilizers
and pesticides
State and Impact
State
• Dried-up lake
• Salinization
• Polluted water
Impact
• Disappearance of
fisheries
• Poverty
• Health Problems
Impact State Pressure Driver
improving economy
by cultivation of cotton & rice
decreased discharge
due to over-extraction and inefficient
irrigation practise
sallinization
dried-up
pollution by pesticides and
fertilizers polluted
health problems
disappearance fisheries
poverty
Conflicts
River Basin Management & IP Field Study Days
2013 - 2014
From: Nandalal, K.D.W. and Simonovic, S.P. , State of the art Report on Systems Analysis Methods for Resoluition of
Conflicts in Water Resources Management, UNESCO Techn. Rp. In Hydrology, PC CP series no. 4, 2003
Worldwide perspective
Over the last 100 years
• Population tripled
• Water use increased sixfold
Water scarcity increased
Conflicts
• Lack of accessible water (quality and quantity)
– Poor water allocation; conflicts over water
allocation
– Wasteful use
– Lack of management action
• (Transboundary) pollution
• Disputes in the management of international
river basins (261 international river basins)
Conflicts • Process
– Decision-making
– Management
• Primary causes – E.g objections to restoration and/or management
– E.g. unawareness of impact of activities
– E.g. lack of adequate compensation
– Impact of plans or projects ( in the case of Natura 2000)
From: Dealing with Conflicts in the Implementation and Management of the Natura 2000 Network (a review of 24 best practice case studies) , 2009/2010
Conflicts between countries:
water extraction from Euphrates and
Tigris
Source: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005
Conflicts between countries:
Water for energy
Source: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005
Conflicts between countries:
Water rights in the Paso del Norte
Adapted from: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005
Internal conflicts:
Privatization and water pricing
Source: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005
Internal conflicts:
Water allocation and the Colorado
river
Adapted from: Water en Conflicten: tekort aan water bedreigt de vrede, Protos 005
Fresh water availability
Withdrawal per sector
Avoiding Conflicts
Stakeholders and their interaction
are the key to understanding how
conflicts arise and how conflicts
can be resolved and avoided