lecture ch15

7/25/2019 Lecture Ch15

1/73

Review over Session 9

Challenges of a New

Age/Territorial Expansion of theUnited States


2/73


3/73

Immigration Concerns +rish' ,er!an' and Chinese i!!igrants flood

the United States in the !id-.00(s1 +rish were hated in the East

1 They #a!e as poor people fleeing the 2otato

3a!ine

The Chinese #a!e due to the ,old Rush

1 They were hated out west and treated terri4ly 4y

the whites 5any Nativists groups were for!ed to

#o!4at the i!!igrations

5any i!!igrants lived in terri4le #onditions


4/73

Age of Reform The A4olitionist !ove!ent grew larger

throughout the North

New Religions were 4orn

1 Sha6ers

1 5illerites

1 5or!ans

7orothea 7ix helped in 2rison Refor! and2sy#hiatri# Asylu! Refor!

8o!ens Rights !ove!ent

1Te!peran#e 5ove!ents' Sene#a 3alls Con*


5/73

Territorial Expansion 3ur Trade' 5ountain 5en 4laed trails

west' .:0-.;0


6/73

Chapter 15The Coming Crisis

the 1850s

During the decade of the 1850s America moved closer to Civil

War due to sectional tensions in the North and South.

OUT OF MANYA HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN

PEOPLE

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7/73

2art :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


8/73

Chapter 3o#us @uestions

8hy did people in the North and the South tend

to see the issue of slavery so differently 8hy were the politi#ians of the .B0s una4le to

find a lasting politi#al #o!pro!ise on the issue of

slavery

8hat was the intent of the Co!pro!ise of .B0

8hat explains the end of the Se#ond A!eri#an

2arty Syste! and the rise of the Repu4li#an

2arty 8hy did the South se#ede following the

Repu4li#an 2arty vi#tory in the ele#tion of .0



9/73

2art Two=

America in 1!"

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10/73

Expansion and ,rowth

5ap= U* S* 2opulation and Settle!ent'

.B0

A!eri#a had grown rapidly in the first half

of the nineteenth #entury*

The nation had experien#ed great growth

of wealth' industry' and ur4aniation*EDually i!portant' southern e#ono!i#

influen#e was waning*

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11/73

MA# 1!$1 U$%$ #opulation and %ettlement& 1!" &y .B0' the United States was a

#ontinental nation* +ts people' who! Tho!as %efferson had on#e thought would not rea#h

the 5ississippi River for forty generations' had not only passed the river' 4ut leapfrogged

to the 8est Coast* +n #o!parison to the A!eri#a of .00' the growth was astounding*..> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


12/73

2oliti#s' Culture' and National +dentity

2ride in de!o#ra#y was one unifying the!e in a

growing sense of national identity and new !iddle-#lass values' institutions' and #ulture that

supported it*

An A!eri#an Renaissan#e produ#ed writers who

fo#used on so#ial #riti#is!' in#luding=

1 8alt 8hit!an and E!ily 7i#6inson who experi!ented

with poeti# for!

1 Nathaniel awthorne and er!an 5elville who wrotea4out the dar6er side of hu!an nature

1 3rederi#6 7ouglass(s auto4iography and arriet

&ee#her Stowe(s Uncle Toms Cabin#onde!n slavery

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13/73


14/73

arriet &ee#her Stowe

So youre the little

woman that startedthis great war Abraham

Lincoln


15/73

Un#le To!(s Ca4in

A 4est selling 4oo6 in the North

&anned in the South

Story is 4ased on a Slave na!ed To!

1 +t depi#ts his life under three !asters

1 The third !aster' Si!on Hegree who is aNorthern transplant to the south' treatsTo! horri4ly and eventually has hi!

6illed1 To! is a Christ li6e figure' however the

ter! Un#le To! has ta6en on a different!eaning in present day


16/73

2art Three

Crac's in National Unit(

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17/73

2oliti#al 2arties and Slavery

The national party syste! had for#ed8higs and 7e!o#rats to forge inter-

se#tional #oalitions*

&y .; se#tional interests were

eroding these #oalitions*

Se#tional divisions in religious andother organiations had 4egun to

divide the #ountry*

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18/73

Congressional 7e4ate

%ohn C* Calhoun had laid out the states(rights defense 4y #lai!ing that=1 the territories were the #o!!on property

of ea#h of the states

1 Congress #ould not dis#ri!inate againstslave owners*

Northerners grew in#reasingly #on#ernedover what they saw as a southern#onspira#y to #ontrol the govern!ent= theFslave power*G

.> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


19/73

+n .B0' the three !en who had long represented A!eri#a(s three !a"or regions

atte!pted to resolve the politi#al #risis 4rought on 4y the appli#ations of California for

statehood* enry Clay is spea6ingI %ohn C* Calhoun stands se#ond fro! rightI and

7aniel 8e4ster is seated at the left' with his head in his hand* &oth Clay and 8e4ster

were ill' and Calhoun died 4efore the Co!pro!ise of .B0 was arranged 4y a younger

group of politi#ians led 4y Stephen A* 7ouglas*.9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


20/73

.th2resident 5illiard 3ill!ore


21/73

Two Co!!unities' Two 2erspe#tives

&oth North and South=1 were #o!!itted to expansion' 4ut ea#h viewed

!anifest destiny in its own ter!sI and

1 shared a #o!!it!ent to 4asi# rights and li4erties 4utsaw the other as infringing on the!*

Two #o!!unities with two perspe#tives hade!erged*1 Northerners viewed their region as a dyna!i# so#iety

that offered opportunity to the #o!!on !an' in#ontrast to the stagnant slave owning aristo#ra#y of

the South*1 Southerners viewed their se#tion as pro!otingeDuality for whites 4y 6eeping 4la#6s in a perpetualstate of 4ondage*

The #han#es for national re#on#iliation were sli!*

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22/73

Co!pro!ises

5ap= The Co!pro!ise of .B0

The Co!pro!ise of .B0 was a#tually five separate4ills

1 California #a!e in as a free state*

1


23/73

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24/73

The 3ugitive Slave A#t

The issue of runaway slaves further divided the

nation*

The 3ugitive Slave Haw of .B0 put the full for#e

of the federal govern!ent 4ehind slave #at#hers*

5o4s of northerners unsu##essfully tried to

prevent the law fro! 4eing #arried out*

&la#6 fugitives des#ri4ed their experien#es asslaves' helping to raise Northerners(

#ons#iousness*

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25/73

Es#aped slave Anthony &urns'

shown here surrounded 4y s#enes

of his #apture in .B;' was the

#ause of &oston(s greatest protest

against the 3ugitive Slave Haw*

The in"usti#e of his trial and

ship!ent 4a#6 to the South

#onverted !any &ostonians to the

antislavery #ause*

:B> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


26/73

This hand4ill warning free

Afri#an A!eri#ans of danger

#ir#ulated in &oston following

the first of the infa!ous

re#aptures under the

3ugitive Slave Haw' that of

Tho!as Si!s in .B.*



27/73

The Ele#tion of .B:

The growing polariation of opinion

strained the party syste!*

,eneral apathy #hara#teried theele#tion*

3ran6lin 2ier#e easily won' !ainly due to

strong i!!igrant vote*

:?> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


28/73

.;th2resident 3ran6lin 2ier#e


29/73

FJoung A!eri#aG= The 2oliti#s of

Expansion

&etween .;B and .;' the UnitedStates 4e#a!e a #ontinental nation*

A series of revolutions in Europereinfor#ed A!eri#ans( sense that theirideals of de!o#ra#y and !anifestdestiny were to 4e a#hieved*

The Co!pro!ise of .B0 showed thedangers of introdu#ing new territoriesduring the se#tional #risis*

:9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


30/73

The %apanese painting shows Co!!odore 5atthew 2erry landing in %apan in .B*The #o!!er#ial treaty 2erry signed with the %apanese govern!ent' whi#h opened a

for!erly #losed #ountry to A!eri#an trade' was viewed in the United States as

another fruit of !anifest destiny*

S :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


31/73


32/73

2art 3our=

T)e Crisis of t)e

National #art( %(stem



33/73


34/73

MA# 1!$+ T)e ,ansas-Ne.ras'a Act& 1!/ The Kansas-Ne4ras6a A#t' proposed 4y

Steven A* 7ouglas in .B;' opened the #entral and northern ,reat 2lains to settle!ent*

The a#t had two !a"or faults= it ro44ed +ndian peoples of half the territory guaranteed to

the! 4y treaty and' 4e#ause it repealed the 5issouri Co!pro!ise line' it opened up the

lands to warring proslavery and antislavery fa#tions*;> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


35/73

F&leeding KansasG

The territory 4e#a!e a 4attleground ofse#tional politi#s*


36/73

2otawato!ie 5assa#re and the

Sa#6 of Hawren#e

%ohn &rown' an

extre!e a4olitionist'

6illed B proslavery

5issourians

Sa#6 of Hawren#e'

5issouri &order

Ruffians &urned theTown to the ground


37/73

> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* ?

This engraving shows

F&order RuffiansG fro!

5issouri lining up to

vote for slavery in the

Ki#6apoo' Kansas

Territory' ele#tion of

.BB* The widespread

pra#ti#e of illegal voting

and open violen#e

earned Kansas the

dreadful ni#6na!e of

F&leeding Kansas*G


38/73

The 2oliti#s of Nativis!

Con#urrent with se#tional pressures#a!e an out4urst of anti-i!!igrantfeeling* Refor!ers were appalled 4y theinflux of +rish into A!eri#an #ities*

3or!er 8higs for!ed the FKnow-NothingG or A!eri#an 2arty to preventwhat they saw as a ta6eover 4y the

i!!igrants* &ut the Know-Nothings su##u!4ed to

se#tional divisions*



39/73

Anti-+!!igration


40/73

This nightti!e !eeting of supporters of the Know-Nothing 2arty in New Jor6 City

was dra!ati#ally spotlighted 4y a new devi#e 4orrowed fro! the theater' an

in#andes#ent #al#iu! light' popularly #alled a li!elight*;0> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*

Th R 4li 2 t d th


41/73

The Repu4li#an 2arty and the

Ele#tion of .B

5ap=The Ele#tion of .B

The Repu4li#an 2arty lin6ed !any 3ree-Soil supporters and

for!er 8higs*

+n .B' 7e!o#rats no!inated %a!es &u#hanan as a

#o!pro!ise #andidate*

Southern Know-Nothings ran 5illard 3ill!ore*

Northern Repu4li#ans ran %ohn C* 3re!ont who defeated

&u#hanan in the North* &u#hanan #arried nearly the entireSouth and won*

The ele#tion signaled the rise of the Repu4li#an 2arty*

;.> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*

MA# 1! / T) El i


42/73

MA# 1!$/ T)e Election

of 1!0 &e#ause three

parties #ontested the

.B ele#tion' 7e!o#rat

%a!es &u#hanan was a

!inority president*Although &u#hanan

alone had national

support' Repu4li#an

%ohn 3rL!ont won !ost

of the free states' and

5illard 3ill!ore of theA!eri#an 2arty gained

;0 per#ent of the vote in

!ost of the slave states*

;:> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*

.Bth 2 id t % & h


43/73

.Bth2resident %a!es &u#hanan


44/73

> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* ;;

%eeing istor( 2roo's 2eats %umner o*er t)e

insult of 2roo's3 uncle$


45/73

2art 3ive=

T)e 4ifferences 4eepen

;B> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


46/73

The 7red S#ott 7e#ision

The Dred Scottde#ision worsened se#tional

divisions*

The Supre!e Court ruled that Congress #ould

not 4an slavery in the territories and that 4la#6

people did not have the right to 4ring suits

4efore federal #ourt 4e#ause they were not

#itiens* 8hile Southerners applauded the de#ision'

Northerners denoun#ed it*

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47/73

These sy!patheti# portraits of

arriet and 7red S#ott and their

daughters in .B? helped to shape

the northern rea#tion to the

Supre!e Court(s de#ision that

denied the S#otts( #lai! to

freedo!* The infa!ous Dred Scott

de#ision was intended to resolve

the issue of slavery expansion 4ut

instead heightened angry feelings

in 4oth North and South*

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48/73

T)e 5ecompton Constitution

Confli#t #ontinued in Kansas as free-soilers=

1 organied their own territorial govern!ent1 4oy#otted the proslavery govern!ent(s

ele#tions for a #onstitutional #onvention

The proslavery FHe#o!pton #onstitutionG wassu4!itted to Congress*

Stephen 7ouglas fought against it' alienatinghis southern supporters*

Kansas re"e#ted the #onstitution and #a!einto the Union as a free state*

The defeat of He#o!pton #a!e as Congress

#ontinued to divide along se#tional lines* ;> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


49/73

The 2ani# of .B?

Adding to the #onfli#t was a finan#ial

pani# and sharp depression in .B? and

.B* The 2ani# affe#ted northern !ore than

southern exports*

Southerners 4elieved the 2ani# showedthe superiority of their syste!*

;9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


50/73

+lli i C iti 7 4 t Sl


51/73

+llinois Co!!unities 7e4ate Slavery

+llinois voters gathered in .B to hear Stephen A* 7ouglas

and A4raha! Hin#oln de4ate slavery and the future of theUnion*

1 7ouglas a##used Hin#oln of favoring so#ial eDuality ofwhites and 4la#6s*

1 Hin#oln denied this and a##used 7ouglas of supportingthe spread of slavery*

Although 7ouglas won the senatorial ele#tion' the de4atesesta4lished 4oth Hin#oln and the Repu4li#an 2arty as#ontenders for national power*

The de4ates de!onstrated that the slavery Duestion haddivided A!eri#an #o!!unities' 4ut that A!eri#ans stronglyvalued their de!o#rati# institutions*

B.> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


52/73

Hin#oln-7ouglas 7e4ates


53/73

%ohn &rown(s Raid

Se#tional tensions intensified when %ohn&rown raided the federal arsenal at

arper(s 3erry in an unsu##essful effortto instigate a slave revolt*

&rown was hanged 4ut southern opinionwas sho#6ed 4y northerner(s atte!pts to

!a6e &rown a !artyr and northernsupport for slave revolts*

B> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*

F


54/73


55/73

> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* BB

+n a #onte!porary

engraving' %ohn &rown

and his followers are

shown trapped inside

the ar!ory at arpers3erry in


56/73

> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* B


57/73

2art Six=

T)e %out) %ecedes

B?> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*

Th El ti f .0


58/73

The Ele#tion of .0

+n the ele#tion of .0' four #andidates ran for president*

1 The 7e!o#rats split over a proposed slave #ode for theterritories*

Stephen 7ouglas won the no!ination 4utSoutherners no!inated %ohn C* &re#6inridge*

1 Southern and 4order state 8higs #reated theConstitutional Union 2arty and no!inated %ohn &ell*

1 Repu4li#ans no!inated A4raha! Hin#oln' a !oderate*

&re#6inridge and Hin#oln represented the extre!epositions on slavery in the territories*

7ouglas and &ell tried to find a !iddle ground*

Hin#oln won the ele#tion with .0 ele#toral votes 4yvirtually sweeping the North*

B> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*

MA# 1! ! T)e Election of


59/73

MA# 1!$! T)e Election of

10" The ele#tion of .0

was a se#tional ele#tion*

Hin#oln won no votes in the

South' &re#6inridge none in

the North* The #ontest in theNorth was 4etween Hin#oln

and 7ouglas' and although

Hin#oln swept the ele#toral

vote' 7ouglas(s popular vote

was un#o!forta4ly #lose*

The large nu!4er ofnorthern 7e!o#rati# voters

opposed to Hin#oln was a

sour#e of politi#al trou4le for

hi! during the Civil 8ar*

B9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


60/73

> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* 0

.th 2 id t A4 h Hi l


61/73

.th2resident A4raha! Hin#oln


62/73

The South Heaves the Union

5ap= The South Se#edes

Southerners responded to the ele#tion

of .0 4y initiating se#ession!ove!ents*

The Hower South se#eded' eight slavestates did not a#t*



63/73

MA# 1!$0 T)e %out) %ecedes The southern states that would #onstitute the Confedera#yse#eded in two stages* The states of the Hower South se#eded 4efore Hin#oln too6 offi#e*

Ar6ansas and three states of the Upper SouthMirginia' North Carolina' and TennesseeM

waited until after the South fired on 3ort Su!ter* And four 4order slave statesM7elaware'

5aryland' Kentu#6y and 5issouriM#hose not to se#ede* Every Southern state $ex#ept South

Carolina) was divided on the issue of se#ession' generally along up-#ountry1low-#ountry lines*

+n irginia' this division was so extre!e that 8est irginia split off to 4e#o!e a separate

nonslave state and was ad!itted to the Union in .*> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*

S th C li S d


64/73

South Carolina Se#edes

Th 3i t C f d t 3l


65/73

The 3irst Confederate 3lag

%ecession


66/73

%ecession

6In t)e formation of t)e 7o*ernment of our fat)ers&

t)e Constitution of 188& t)e institution of domesticsla*er( is expressl( guaranteed$ T)e #eople of aportion of t)e %tates 9)o 9ere parties to t)e7o*ernment 9ere earl( opposed to t)e institution$T)e feeling of opposition to it )as .een c)eris)ed&

and fostered& and inflamed until it )as ta'enpossession of t)e pu.lic mind at t)e Nort) to suc)an extent t)at it o*er9)elms e*er( ot)er influence$ It)as sei:ed t)e political po9er and no9 t)reatensanni)ilation to sla*er( t)roug)out t)e Union$ At t)e

%out)& and 9it) our #eople of course& sla*er( is t)eelement of all *alue& and a destruction of t)atdestro(s all t)at is propert($;

-3ro! the 3lorida Se#ession Convention

This spe#ial edition of the Charleston


67/73

> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#* ?

This spe#ial edition of the Charleston

Mercury was issued on 7e#e!4er :0'

.0' the day South Carolina voted to

se#ede fro! the Union*


68/73

The North(s 2oliti#al :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*

Esta4lish!ent of the


69/73

Esta4lish!ent of the

Confedera#y

Southerners esta4lished the Confederate

States of A!eri#a*

%efferson 7avis' a !oderate' was #hosenas its president*

7avis tried to portray se#ession as a

legal' pea#eful step*

9> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*

% ff 7 i


70/73

%efferson 7avis AlexanderStephens

Hin#oln(s +nauguration
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/Alexander-Stephens-CSVP.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/Alexander-Stephens-CSVP.jpg


71/73

Hin#oln s +nauguration

I am loath to close. We are not enemies,but friends. We must not be enemies.Though assion may ha!e strained, itmust not brea" our bonds of affection.The mystic chords of memory, stretching

from e!ery battlefield, and atriot gra!e, toe!ery li!ing heart and hearthstone, allo!er this broad land, #ill yet s#ell thechorus of the Union, #hen again touched,

as surely they #ill be, by the better angelsof our nature. - A4raha! Hin#oln

+naugural Address'

5ar#h ;'..

?.> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


72/73

2art Seven=

Conclusion

?:> :009 2earson Edu#ation' +n#*


73/73

lecture ch15

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