lecture. ‘an oak tree’ michael craig-martin jacques derrida gilles deleuze
TRANSCRIPT
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LECTURE
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‘An Oak Tree’
Michael Craig-Martin
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Jacques Derrida
Gilles Deleuze
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1. Modernity
II. Crisis (1900-1950)
III. Postmodernity (?)
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Modernity 1: Faith in Reason
- The Enlightenment (17th/18th Century)
“Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-incurred immaturity...
“The motto of Enlightenment is Sapere Aude [dare to know]: have courage to make
use of your own understanding”
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) from “Answering The Question: What Is Enlightenment”
(1784)
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René Descartes (1596-1650)
Cogito Ergo Sum
“I think, therefore I am”
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Modernity II: Power over nature
- Knowledge as power
“The sovereignty of man lieth hid in knowledge” -- Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626)
- Industrial Revolution (18th/19th Centuries)
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Modernity III: Idea of Progress
Voltaire (1694-1778)
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
John Stuart Mill (1806-73)
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Charles Darwin (1809-1882) -- theory of evolution and the idea of progress
“progress has been much more general [in human history] than
retrogression; ...man has risen, though by slow and interrupted steps, from a lowly condition to the highest standard as yet
attained by him in knowledge, morals and religion.”
from, The Descent of Man (1871)
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1900 (Exposition Universelle, Paris)
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Crisis: World War 1
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Crisis: Wall St. Crash / Great Depression
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Crisis: Rise of Fascism in Europe
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Crisis: World War 1I
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Postmodernity 1
Adorno & Horkheimer, Dialectic of Enlightenment
(1944)
“...we [have] set ourselves nothing less than the discovery of why
mankind, instead of entering into a truly human condition, is sinking into
a new kind of barbarism.”
“...the Enlightenment has always aimed at liberating men from fear and establishing their sovereignty. Yet
the fully enlightened earth radiates disaster triumphant.”
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Postmodernity 11
“Simplifying to the extreme, I define ‘postmodern’ as
incredulity toward metanarratives [grand récits].”
“I will use the term modern to designate any science that legitimates itself with reference to a metadiscourse... making an appeal to some grand narrative, such as the dialectics of spirit
[Hegel], the hermeneutics of meaning [Schleiermacher], the emancipation of the
rational subject [Kant] and the working subject [Marx], or the creation of wealth [Adam
Smith].”Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition (1979)
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Postmodernity 111
a. Difference vs. universality“Underneath all reason lies delirium, and drift”
Gilles Deleuze, Desert Islands & Other Texts, 1953-74.
b. Truth, Morality & Power
“There are no facts, only interpretations.”
“...life simply is will to power.”Friedrich Nietzsche, 1880s Notebooks & The Gay Science (1882)
c. Power & Modern Institutions“Is it surprising that prisons resemble
factories, schools, barracks, hospitals, which all resemble prisons?”
Michel Foucault, Discipline & Punish (1977)