lecture 7: remote communications
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Lecture 7: Remote Communications. Professor Victoria Meng. What is the nature of media interactivity?. Disclaimer: Interactivity is HUGE and always changing!. Learning Tasks. Alan Turing, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Lecture 7:Lecture 7:Remote CommunicationsRemote Communications
Professor Victoria Meng
What is theWhat is thenature of media interactivity?nature of media interactivity?
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Disclaimer: Interactivity is Disclaimer: Interactivity is HUGE and always changing!HUGE and always changing!
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Learning TasksLearning Tasks• Alan Turing, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.”
• David Rokeby, “Transforming Mirrors: Subjectivity and Control in Interactive Media.”
• Ken Hillis, “A Critical History of Virtual Reality.”
• Tron, Animotion, Neave Games
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• “Low-level:” performs specific tasks.
• “High-level:” aka “artificial intelligence.”
• “Media access:” search and retrieval from databases.
Lev Manovich: AutomationLev Manovich: Automation
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•British mathematician, cryptographer (1912-1954)
•Pioneered computer science with the “Turing machine”
• Tragic death
Alan TuringAlan Turing
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Alan TuringAlan Turing
Diagram of a Turing Machine, which can be adapted into a “Universal Machine.”
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Post-War ContextPost-War Context
Atomic bomb Enigma Machine
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Can Machines Think?Can Machines Think?
Boris Karloff as Frankenstein’s Monster
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How Can We KnowHow Can We KnowIfIf Machines Think? Machines Think?
• How do we ascertain that people think?
- We “just know.”- Brain imaging technology.- IQ tests and other tests that evaluate performance.• How can we find the right test(s) to measure “machine thought?”
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How Can We KnowHow Can We KnowIfIf Machines Think? Machines Think?
• Some “skill” operations are not comparable (computer: PWN!).
Left:Gary Kasparov
Right:Deep Blue
Match date:May 11, 1997
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How Can We KnowHow Can We KnowIfIf Machines Think? Machines Think?
• We equate “thinking” with “consciousness” – processes and sensations that are not yet quantifiable.
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How Can We KnowHow Can We KnowIfIf Machines Think? Machines Think?
• We equate “thinking” with “consciousness” – processes and sensations that are not yet quantifiable.
• The stakes are high: thinking makes us “special.”
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The Turing TestThe Turing Test
“The Thinker,” Auguste Rodin, 1902
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A provocative and influential way to “measure” artificial intelligence.
The Turing TestThe Turing Test
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The Turing TestThe Turing Test1. Makes users bear the “burden of
proof” – it’s true if you believe it.
2. Sets human-computer transcoding as the programming problem.
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The Turing TestThe Turing Test
Tangent:What are the
strengths and limitations of tests, papers, and other
assessment tools? How well do they predict behavior?
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The Turing TestThe Turing Test1. Makes users bear the “burden of
proof” – it’s true if you believe it.
2. Sets human-computer transcoding as the programming problem.
3. Posits that “humanity” is a performance and can be “decoded.”
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The Turing TestThe Turing Test
Memory v. Memory?
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“Hello, Hal: will we ever get a computerwe can really talk to?”
John Seabrook, The New Yorker, June 23 2008
The Turing TestThe Turing Test
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“Hello, Hal: will we ever get a computerwe can really talk to?”
John Seabrook, The New Yorker, June 23 2008
Media InteractivityMedia Interactivity
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The Turing TestThe Turing Test
1.Makes users bear the “burden of proof” – it’s true if you believe it.
2.Sets human-computer transcoding as the programming problem.
3.Posits that “humanity” is a performance.
4.Underestimates complexities of human cognition.
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Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
Lecture Title:Remote Communications: What is the nature of media interactivity?
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What do authors like Hillis and Rokeby assert about digital media? Do they agree?
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
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What is interactivity?
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
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What is interactivity?- mutual v. uni-directional effects?
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
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What is interactivity?- mutual v. uni-directional effects?- communication v. command and/or control?
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
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What is interactivity?- mutual v. uni-directional effects?- communication v. command and/or control?- What/Who is interacting with what/whom? How does this change the way we think about interactivity?
Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
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Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
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Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
Me
Alexey Pajitnov
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Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
Me
Alexey Pajitnov
PaulNeave
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Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
Me
Alexey Pajitnov
PaulNeaveTetris
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Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
Me, again!
Alexey Pajitnov
PaulNeaveTetris
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David Rokeby:David Rokeby:““Transforming Mirrors”Transforming Mirrors”
Left: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (Laurence Sterne, 1759-69)Right: “The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even” (Marcel Duchamp, 1915-23)
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David Rokeby:David Rokeby:““Transforming Mirrors”Transforming Mirrors”
“A technology is interactive to the degree that it reflects the consequences of our actions or decisions back to us.” (133)
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David Rokeby:David Rokeby:““Transforming Mirrors”Transforming Mirrors”
• Read last paragraphs of 154, 155.
• Navigable structure/space.
• Medium specificity.
•Transforming mirror.
•Automaton.
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Ken Hillis: “A Critical History Ken Hillis: “A Critical History of Virtual Reality”of Virtual Reality”
• Historical account – antidote for technological determinism.
Link Trainer(hydraulic flight simulator, 1930s-50s)
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Ken Hillis: “A Critical History Ken Hillis: “A Critical History of Virtual Reality”of Virtual Reality”
• Role of stories in history: why science fiction is important.
Tron(Lisberger,1982)
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Ken Hillis: “A Critical History Ken Hillis: “A Critical History of Virtual Reality”of Virtual Reality”
Tron (Lisberger, 1982)
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Ken Hillis: “A Critical History Ken Hillis: “A Critical History of Virtual Reality”of Virtual Reality”
• Minds, bodies, transcendence and connection…
Animotion,Manuel Fallmann, 2004.
Tip: Don’t change the library before you’re done – you’ll lose all your work.
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Interactivity/ImmersionInteractivity/Immersion
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End of Lecture 7End of Lecture 7
Next Lecture: Everything is Exchangeable: How do the whole and its parts relate in digital media?
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