Lecture № 2

Dental calculus and plaque.

Methods of removing.

Before treatmentBefore treatment After treatmentAfter treatment

Classification:Classification:

Nonmineralized - pelikula, dental Nonmineralized - pelikula, dental plaque, soft plaqueplaque, soft plaqueMineralized - dental calculus Mineralized - dental calculus (supragingival, gingival). (supragingival, gingival).

Stages of the formation of Stages of the formation of plaque plaque

Education acellular organic film on the Education acellular organic film on the enamel surface (pellicle).enamel surface (pellicle).Plaque formation begins with the Plaque formation begins with the accession of a monolayer of bacteria accession of a monolayer of bacteria to acquired pellicle or surface of the to acquired pellicle or surface of the tooth.tooth.Polymicrobial education (mature Polymicrobial education (mature dental plaque)dental plaque)

Dental plaque Dental plaque

consists of proliferative consists of proliferative microorganisms, epithelial cells, leukocytes microorganisms, epithelial cells, leukocytes and macrophages. and macrophages. Organic and inorganic solid components Organic and inorganic solid components comprise about 20% of the mass plaque, comprise about 20% of the mass plaque, bacteria, approximately 70% of the solid bacteria, approximately 70% of the solid residue, the rest - extracellular matrix. residue, the rest - extracellular matrix. Matrix, in turn, consists of a complex of Matrix, in turn, consists of a complex of polysaccharides, proteins (60%) and lipids polysaccharides, proteins (60%) and lipids (15%), the rest - waste products of bacteria. (15%), the rest - waste products of bacteria.

Soft plaque - a conglomerate of Soft plaque - a conglomerate of microorganisms, epithelial cells, leukocytes, microorganisms, epithelial cells, leukocytes, a mixture of saliva proteins and lipids with a mixture of saliva proteins and lipids with the remnants of food. Plaque has a constant the remnants of food. Plaque has a constant internal structure, which is observed in the internal structure, which is observed in the dental blyaschke.dental blyaschke.Plaque - a mineralization of dental plaque, Plaque - a mineralization of dental plaque, which are formed from the components of which are formed from the components of saliva (supragingival stone) or gingival fluid saliva (supragingival stone) or gingival fluid (gingival stone).(gingival stone).

Dental plaque Dental plaque

consists of проліферуючих consists of проліферуючих microorganisms, epithelial cells, microorganisms, epithelial cells, leukocytes and macrophages.leukocytes and macrophages.Microbial plaque is changeable and Microbial plaque is changeable and changing the composition of cocci changing the composition of cocci (mostly Gram-positive) to more (mostly Gram-positive) to more complex populations containing complex populations containing palochkopodobnyh and filamentous palochkopodobnyh and filamentous microorganisms. microorganisms.

Dental plaque is formed within 1 - Dental plaque is formed within 1 -

2 year after brushing.2 year after brushing. Phase formation of dental plaque:?Phase formation of dental plaque:?

1faza - in the first 2 - 4 hours after 1faza - in the first 2 - 4 hours after brushing. At this stage, it consists brushing. At this stage, it consists mainly of cocci (streptococci, mainly of cocci (streptococci, staphylococci, and Neisseria) and staphylococci, and Neisseria) and short palochok (lactobacilli).short palochok (lactobacilli).This so-called "early" dental plaque.This so-called "early" dental plaque.Phase 2 - from 4-5 days (leptotrihii Phase 2 - from 4-5 days (leptotrihii and fuzobakterii) and fuzobakterii)

Phase 3 - from 6-7 days and further.Phase 3 - from 6-7 days and further.Dental plaque is taking final form in Dental plaque is taking final form in composition. The dominant anaerobic composition. The dominant anaerobic bacteria (fuzobakterii, spirochetes, bacteria (fuzobakterii, spirochetes, veyllonelly, actinomycetes, streptococci veyllonelly, actinomycetes, streptococci and peptostreptokoki). "The total number and peptostreptokoki). "The total number of bacteria in dental plaque increases from of bacteria in dental plaque increases from 90-100 in 1 st phase of the formation of up 90-100 in 1 st phase of the formation of up to 1-10 million in the 2 nd.to 1-10 million in the 2 nd.In the third phase of the formation of In the third phase of the formation of bacteria measured in tens or hundreds of bacteria measured in tens or hundreds of billions in 1 gram. ?billions in 1 gram. ?

Removing tartar with hand tools and ultrasound;grinding surfaces of teeth;polishing the surfaces of teeth.

The main methods of removing :

mechanical physical chemical

Initial estimation of the state of oral hygiene

and periodontal tissue

Scaling

is a direct professional teeth cleaning - removal of mineralizedsupra-gingival and dental plaque.

The mechanical method of removing

a tooth I Undertaken with

a specialtool set (a set of registry office, McCall, and so on.), which are special hooks, bent at different angles.The main instrument for removing tartar is a sharp excavator.

Kyureti Gracie for zonospetsificheskogo removing dental plaque

Hooks for removing dental plaque

Method Аirflowessence of the method is

that with the help of specialapparatus under high pressure teethtreated with a mixture of medicalkind by a mechanical action removes soft plaque and tartar quickly and painlessly.This method is virtually no causing harm to your teeth.

The physical method to remove tartar

The method is to remove dental plaque and tartar by means of ultrasonic vibrations, which operates on the tooth surface.Specially selected frequency and amplitude of oscillations in the ultrasonic device can easily be separated from the surface of the tooth tartar, without damaging the tooth enamel itself.

Ultrasonic scaler (KaVo).

Piskostruynaya system PROPHYflex (KaVo)

Piskostruyna system

cleans the tooth surface under the influence of the aerosol, which consists of a mixture of water and powdered sodium bicarbonate, which is set in motion under the influence of stisnenogo air.Dana system is designed for polishing the tooth surface after using electromechanical instruments, removal of pigmented deposits, eliminating the deep pigmentation of the enamel of teeth cleaning Fissure chewing teeth before sealing and the like.

The chemical method to remove tartar

It is used in complex application of mechanical method for the removal of tartar (mobile teeth or tightly fixed stone).In such cases, the chemicals dissolve stones (acids and alkalis).

Apparatus DURR VECTOR (Germany)

Used in hospitals in Europe and the USA:- For removing plaque and polishing the teeth;for microscopic solid tkanin teeth and non-metal prostheses;- Ultrasonic treatment over the teeth before fixation implants (inlays, veneers, crowns), which are made with ceramic bodies and composite materials.

The main advantage that distinguishes the device "Vector" from other devices that operate on the basis of ultrasound is the possibility of regulation of amplitude, pulsating flow of fluid, the possibility of using special suspensions and a large number of tools, accessoriesApplication of suspension gidroksilappatita performs anti-inflammatory effect on periodontal tissues and stimulates their regeneration.So very important is the application of this method for the preparation of abutment teeth in the

prosthesis.

Root planing - priglazhivanie root

surface This phase includes priglazhivanie

uneven surface of the tooth, sharp edges, the processing section of split roots (bifurcation), remove the softened infected cement.

Polishing During this phase of the polished surface

of the tooth to remove the roughness, which contributes to delay dental plaque.

Priglazhivanie root surface prevents the occurrence of plaque in the next, which is an integral part of prevention of periodontal diseases.

Polishing

The final stage is a fluorinated coating with varnish. This is necessary in order to protect your teeth from further action of microorganisms and prevent the formation of caries. Fluorine-containing paints withdraw sensitivity, which can occur after a professional cleaning, as a consequence of long-acting "stone" to the tooth

I wish you all a healthy and beautiful smile