lecture 12 public communication
TRANSCRIPT
8/6/2019 Lecture 12 Public Communication
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PUBLIC
SPEAKING
8/6/2019 Lecture 12 Public Communication
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Benefits of learning public
speaking skill
Enhancing your personal and social
abilities
Improving your academic and career
skills
Refining communication abilities
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Types of Speech
Informative Speech ± Audience learns about a new subject or learns
new information about a familiar subject Persuasive Speech
± Speaker intends to change audience attitude or behaviors
Entertaining Speech ± Speaker tries to gain and keep audience attention;and wants the listeners to have a good time and tobe amused or interested by the speech
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Ways to Present a Speech
Impromptu
Memorize
Read from a text
Combination of the above ±
Extemporaneous Speech
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10 steps in preparing and
delivering a public speech
1. Select your topic and purpose
2. Analyze your audience
3.
Research your speech topic4. Formulate your thesis and major propositions
5. Support your propositions
6. Organize your speech
7. Construct your introduction, conclusion, andtransitions
8. Outline your speech
9. Word your speech
10. Rehearse and deliver your speech
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1. Select your topic and purpose
The topic you choose must be:
± Appropriate to the occasion and audience
± Worthwhile
± Culture-sensitive There are many ways to find suitable topics
Limit the scope of topic according to the timegiven
Determine the purpose of your speech 2 categories:
± General purpose (to inform or / and topersuade)
± Specific purpose
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2. Analyze your audience
Analyze the characteristics of your potentialaudience (their attitudes, beliefs, and values)
This knowledge would help you in: ± selecting the topic
± establishing a relationship with them
± choosing examples, illustrations, etc.
Find out their culture, age, gender, religion,level of knowledge on the topic, willingness tolisten to you, etc.
Be careful not to stereotype them
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3. Research your speech topic
How to look for information on your topic Sources:
± Manual (books, magazines, journals, etc.)
± Electronic (internet, e-mail, databases, etc.)
Principles for effective and efficient research: ± Examine what you know
± Work from the general to the specific
± Take accurate notes
± Learn the available sources of information (their location and how to access them)
Things to consider when evaluating what you found:
± Is the information current?
± Is the information fair and unbiased?
± Is the evidence reliable and the reasoning logical?
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4. Formulate your thesis and major
propositions
State thesis statement (main idea / theory)
Eg. ³Smoking is a dangerous habit´
Develop major propositions (main points) by askingstrategic questions
Suggestions:
± Eliminate those points that seem least important toyour thesis
± Combine those points that have a common focus
± Select points that are most relevant to or thatinterest your audience
± Use two, three or four main points
± Word each of your main propositions in the same
(parallel) style
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5. Support your propositions
Techniques to use to support your
propositions:
± Examples
± Narration (Stories)
± Testimony
± Statistics
± Presentation Aids (visual and audio)
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6. Organize your speech
Benefits of speech organization:
± Make your speech easy to understand and
remember ± Help you remember the speech more
easily
Speech can be organized into several
patterns: ± Eg. topical pattern, problem-solution
pattern, cause-effect pattern, advantages-disadvantages pattern, etc.
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7. Construct your introduction,
conclusion, and transitions Speech structure:
± Introduction ± 15%
± Body / Contents ± 75%
± Conclusion ± 10%
Functions of Introduction: ± Gain audiences¶ attention
± Establish a speaker-audience-topic relationship
± Orient the audience
Functions of Conclusion ± Summarize your speech
± Motivate your audience
± Provide a closure to your speech
Transitions ± words, phrases, sentences that connectthe various parts of your speech
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8. Outline your speech
Speech Outline ± a blueprint of your speechthat helps you organize and evaluate your
speech Includes your main points, supporting
materials, introduction, conclusion,transitions, and references
2 types of outline: ± Skeletal outline (guides you in arranging
your points)
± Delivery outline (brief outline ± as a guide
when delivering your speech)
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9. Word your speech
The language, words, and sentences youchoose will influence the meanings your listeners receive
The words must be clear, short, specific,
appropriate and understandable to theaudience
Avoid unfamiliar terms, slang, and ethnicexpressions
Speak in personal rather than impersonalstyle
Use short and positive sentences to avoidconfusion
Make your speech easy to remember
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10. Rehearse and deliver your speech
Rehearsal:
± Rehearse the speech as a whole
± Time the speech
± Approximate the actual speech situation
± See yourself as a speaker (practice eye contact,
movements, gestures in front of a mirror) ± Rehearse often
Methods of delivery:
± impromptu, reading from a manuscript, memorize,
and extemporaneous.
Characteristics of effective delivery:
± Natural
± Reinforces the message
± Varied and unpredictable patterns
± Conversational