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LANDSCAPE SERVICES

ON ECOTOURISM

Hadi Susilo ArifinPSL-SPs IPB

PSL 634:

KEBIJAKAN & MANAJEMEN EKOWISATA

Kuliah Minggu ke 11

HS Arifin Doc.

KEY WORDS:

Landscape Services ~ Environmental Services

Watershed Management

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INTRODUCTION

As a tropical country, Indonesia having wet tropical climate with high temperature and high humidity high biological productivity.

Indonesia has highly diverse in its ecosystem such as that in its waters, beaches, low land areas, and higher up to the mountains in which the watershed area divide into units.

Landscape ecology focuses on three characteristics of the landscape, i.e. structure, function and change.

Bio-physically, the landscape structure in the upper stream differs significantly from that downstream.

Ecologically, the upper stream and down stream areas are closely related in terms of material and energy flow.

WATERSHED ~ CATCHMENT AREA ~

WATER BASIN

Is an area of internal drainage, the size an shape of which is determined by surface topography.

Is completely encircled by a divide or a ridge line.

Precipitation falling on one side of the divide drains toward the outlet or mouth of the watershed on that side of the divide.

FACTORS MEDIUM FORMS

Climate

Geognostic Land

surface

Climatic soil NATURAL

Vegetational drainage LANDSCAPE

mineral resources

X Sea and coast

Vegetation

FIG. THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE

TIME

FACTORS MEDIUM FORMS

Population

density

mobility

Housing

Culture TIME plan

structure

Production

Communication

XX

CULTURAL

LANDSCAPE

Natural Landscape

FIG. THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

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PROBLEM Landscape changes are serious matters due to

changes in agricultural activities toward industrialization, urbanization, and commercial agricultural land.

The landscape matrix is made more diverse as a consequence of the interaction between physical factors and human efforts to exploit and even overcome them.

The form of this exploitation has changed over time to reflect social and technological change and the impact of occasional phenomena.

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Sustainable Rural Landscape Development

Integrated Rural Landscape Planning

Transformation of

Rural Landscape

Institutional

DevelopmentInfrastructure

Development

People

Participation

Watershed Based Ecological Development Programs

FIG. RESEARCH PROJECT FRAMEWORK

Landscape Ecological Studies on Sustainable Bio-resources Management

LANDSCAPE SERVICES: Water Resources Management, Carbon

Sequestration, Biodiversity Conservation, Landscape Beautification

Down stream

Middle stream

Upper Stream

JAKARTA

DEPOK

BOGOR

DISTRICT

BOGOR

CITY

BOGOR

DISTRICT

* Flat area

* High density of population

* Dense settlements

* Water/industrial pollution

* Lack of greenery open space

* Trading & services area

* Flat – undulating area

* High density of population

* Settlements & new settlements

* Industrial areas & pollution

* Abandon lands

* Agricultural farmlands

* Land use changing

* Hilly – mountainous area

* Poverty, low of land property right

* Agricultural farmlands

* Big plantation estates

* Mineral water exploration

* Forest & greenery open space

The Characteristics of

Ciliwung Watershed(Source: Environmental Analysis

& Spatial Modeling Laboratory,

Faculty of Forestry-IPB, 2002)

LAND EVALUATION OF PROTECTED AREA IN THE

UPPER STREAM OF CILIWUNG WATERSHED

Physical factors: elevation, slope, soil, riparian, the main of catchment area, the high ground movement.

The results: protected area (84.1 %), and non-protected area (15.9 %).

Present land cover classification in the upper stream of Ciliwung watershed, the ratio of forest and non-forest area is 37.4%: 62.6%.

This means to cover the protected area which resulted from map of distribution of protected area (84.1%), these should be some efforts and activities such as re-vegetation, producing land use policies as well as law enforcement by the government.

ECOLOGICAL & INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGES

PROMOTING

People traditionally carried out agriculture and forestry in which people made symbiotic use of ‘ecological circulation in forest and water’, and therefore in harmony with nature.

Homegarden (Pekarangan) is a multistory, circular system for bio-resource utilization, which is practiced within settlements. Rural Pekarangan contributes to maintenance of food for subsistence during economic crisis.

Agroforestry System: Complex Agroforestry, Simple Agroforestry, Agroforestry Landscapes. These system can conserve the environment. So the possibility of sustainability is warranted.

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RURAL PEKARANGAN SYSTEM TUMPANG SARI

COMPLEX

AGROFORESTRY

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SIMPLE AGROFORESTRY

K. Takeuchi

Local level component for landscape planning,

agreements, management and monitoring

Local WS monitoring & assessment

Localization:

Participatory

land use

planning Digitized

local plan

Analytical modeling:

potential, constraint,

interactions, impacts,

trade offs, priorities

Negotiation: communities, local

institution, watershed mgt. Network,

government agencies, other

stakeholders

Public Information for

Policy: overall resource

condition & use pattern

Sub-basin GIS:

provides

information,

consolidates plans

RS Land Use

monitoring:

transparency,

accaount-

ability

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE

RURAL UPLAND POOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES(RUPES)

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ENVIRONMENTAL SEREVICE ISSUE 1

Many upland and mountaincommunities in Asia manage landscapes that provide environmental services to outside beneficiaries. HS Arifin Doc.

ENVIRONMENTAL SEREVICE ISSUE 2

The services they provide include clean and abundant water supplies from watersheds, biodiversity protection, stocks of carbon that may alleviate global warming and landscape beauty for recreation and tourism.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SEREVICE ISSUE 3

However upland communities are not sharing in the benefits that these services provide. Rewarding the poor upland communities for providing environmental services would enhance their livelihoods and reduce poverty.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES CONNECTED WITH

FOREST AND WATERSHEDS

Protection of biodiversity

Maintenance of water flows and water quality

Sequestration of carbon

Landscape beauty and amenity

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PROGRAM COMPONENTS

Identification and assessment of environmental service functions across a range of settings, and where and how these services are currently arranged

Development and testing of a variety of reward mechanisms at specific sites across a range of settings

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PROGRAM COMPONENTS

Support of a transparent and enabling environment at local, sub-national and national levels that will ensure that rewards are effective, equitable and sensitive to marginalized groups

Raise the awareness of the potential for rewards for environmental services among government officials and the producers and consumers of these services

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PROGRAM COMPONENTS

Effective partnerships in accomplishing the program’s purpose will be developed and managed

Identification of appropriate and sustainable institutional approaches to foster transfer payment to the upland poor

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THE CERTIFICATE: WE OFFER A PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATE IN

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM MANAGEMENT, WHICH IS AWARDED JOINTLY BY TIES AND THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY (GWU).

THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN DEVELOPED THROUGH A PARTNERSHIP WITH THE GWU'S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TOURISM

STUDIES, WHICH HAS PROVIDED PROFESSIONAL TOURISM EDUCATION FOR

NEARLY TEN YEARS.

ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT

Ecotourism has proven to be an economically viable alternative for attracting tourism revenue without compromising local community values or degrading the environment. This course provides the tools needed by tourism planners, conservationists, businesses and communities to work together to develop ecotourism plans and products that will attract and accommodate the ecotourist while conserving natural resources and benefiting local people. Designed to help you understand the unique structure of the ecotourism industry, the course provides the most recent information on ecotourism marketing approaches and product development.

COURSE TOPICS INCLUDE:

Understand the basic elements of ecotourism, the market and market trends

Assess the potential of individual and group ecotouristspecialty markets

Use green guidelines for operating a successful ecotourism business

Analyze and address the special needs of ecotourists and local communities

Establish an ecotourism planning process at the local and regional levels

Develop trip circuits and travel packages that are safe and offer a wide variety of experiences

Understand the vital role of interpretation and education in adding value

ECOLODGE DEVELOPMENT ecotourism continues to establish itself in the global economy,

the demand for well-planned, environmentally sound lodging facilities is at an all time high. Ecolodges are the answer to this demand. Ecolodges enable the visitor to interact with the natural and cultural surroundings of the region. The facility is created with conservation as a top priority. Innovative water, waste and energy systems lessen impact and promote conservation while planning, construction and operation are carried out in harmony with the natural landscape. This course will help sustainable tourism specialists, investors, resort developers, architects and landscape architects assess the financial feasibility and market potential for an ecolodge. Market research results and trends in this industry will be reviewed in order to more accurately project costs and potential revenue, and determine whether an ecolodge venture is economically viable.

COURSE TOPICS INCLUDE:

Assess the market demand for ecolodge types and the experiences they provide Estimate realistic cost projections/revenue potential and develop pricing strategies

Find the best locations and evaluate site development opportunities and constraints

Establish regional planning cooperation

Develop a master plan to incorporate sustainable development and green guidelines into the project

Benefit from the use of renewable energy technologies, and proper water and waste management

Launch a successful ecolodge, including scheduling, budgeting, staffing, "soft" opening, vendor selection, public relations, transportation, and customer service

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR DESTINATIONS

This course focuses on sustainable tourism strategies and innovations, including Agenda 21 and the Green Globe Destination Program. It examines how destinations have improved competitiveness by creating environmentally friendly tourism products and services. The course emphasizes establishing policies and management plans to identify and reduce the environmental impact created by tourism facilities and services, and looks at how to create environmental management systems (EMS) with broad public/private support.

COURSE TOPICS INCLUDE:

Identify consumer demand for environmentally friendly tourism

Develop and maintain a unified environmentally sustainable theme for your destination

Develop an EMS policy and strategy, situation analysis, visioning, priority definition, gap analysis, and strategy formation

Plan EMS implementation steps using environmental performance indicators and action plans

Incorporate the EMS process into existing management regimes and design EMS training programs

Review ongoing EMS and make adjustments to reflect failures, successes, and/or changing requirements

SAMPAI JUMPA DI MINGGU KE 12