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Circuit Analysis 1Chapter # 1

Basic Concepts

Dr S.A. BazazHEC Foreign Professor

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technologies, Topi, Pakistan

Lecture # 1

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My IntroductionEducation

B.: NED University, Electrical Engineering

M.Sc.: National Superior School of Mechanics and Microtechniques,Universite deFranche Compte, Besancon, France, Controls and Computer Sciences

Ph.D.: Institut National des Sciences Appliquees, Robotics & Controls, France

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My IntroductionWork Experience

1999-2000: Assistant Professor, Denmark Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark

2000-2006: Senior Staff Scientist, CMC Microsystems, Kingston, Canada

2006-Present: HECs Foreign Professor

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My IntroductionAcademic Interests

Under-Graduate Courses (Microelectronics) Circuit Analysis VLSI Design

Graduate Courses (Microsystems-Chip design) Micorelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Design and

Micromachining

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My Introduction: : MEMS Research MEMS Research IN GIKI

Since July 2006Ph.DPh.D Students Students Development of MicroDevelopment of Micro--Gyroscope (Gyroscope (MrMr RanaRanaIqtidarIqtidar, joint collaboration with PIEAS), joint collaboration with PIEAS)

Masters StudentsMasters Students Device Development: Device Development:

Force and Displacement Sensors to be Force and Displacement Sensors to be integrated with integrated with MicrogrippersMicrogrippers for biomedical for biomedical application (application (MrMr KinnanKinnan AmjadAmjad--NESCOM) NESCOM) MEMS based neural probes for brain MEMS based neural probes for brain implants to study the brain disorder (implants to study the brain disorder (MrMrNajamuddinNajamuddin--NESCOM)NESCOM)

Modeling:Modeling: Reduced order modeling for MEMS (Reduced order modeling for MEMS (MrMrMohummadMohummad YasinYasin--NESCOM)NESCOM)

Gripper with two-stage amplifier driven by

chevron thermal actuators, Courtery of Yongjun Lai, Queens University, Canada

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MEMS Design and Test Lab

Image courtesy of MEMSCAP.

Total Cost: Rs 1.3 Million ($22K)

HEC Funding: Rs 730K (~$12K)

GIKI Funding: Rs 570 K (~$10K)

CAD Tool: MEMSPro from SoftMEMS

Access to Intellisense from PIEAS

Access to Fabrication: Poly and Metal-MUMPs, Micragem

In March, 2007MEMS Design graduate CourseLocation: Room f1

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MEMS Design and Test Lab

Image courtesy of MEMSCAP.

Future Extension (1-2 years): More CAD tools-HEC Rs. 5.5 Million (Coventor, COMSOL, Cadence) Chip Testing Equipment- National ICT R&D Fund Rs. 20-30 Million

Electrical characterization (PM5 Probe-station, network analyzer, I-V testing, C-V testing)

Mechanical Characterization (Micro-Motion Analyzer at Queens University, Kingston, Canada

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Our Collaborator

Image courtesy of MEMSCAP.

Queens University, Mechanical Engineering Department Device Development: Development of integrated Microgrippers for Biomedical

applications Testing: Electrical and Mechanical Characterization with joint efforts of CMC

Microsystems)

Michigan State UniversityMicro and Nano Technology Laboratory (MANTL),Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Access to fabrication: Diamond

MEMS Process, Neural Probes

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Your Introduction Team work Ability and willingness to learn Enthusiastic (Be Positive) Respect Grades

Then you are GREAT

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Objective of Circuit Analysis Course

Obtain a thorough understanding of the analysis of electric circuits and an

introductory to their designAt the end of course, you should be able to

model (mathematical) and analyze (simulate) useful circuits from daily life

application (stereo amplifier, understand of car electrical circuitry, voltage regulators,

controllers, communication circuitry)First step towards Analog Design Engineer

For others: to control your respective systems

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Pre-Requisite

Calculus Physics

Simple and common sense

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Some important guidelines Learning by doing: Solve as many as possible

the problems given in the homework Problem solving Strategies: Develop

strategies to solve the problems both in class, at home and in exams. Make notes with colored pencils

Computer Aided Design Labs: PSPICE is Key. If you dont know this then forget about modern circuit analysis

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Some Rules of the class Rule 1, Sharing: Whatever we speak in class,

we shall share it with everyone here (except exams)

Rule 2, Cell phones: Cell phones must be off, otherwise rule 1 will apply

Rule 3, Raise hands for question Rule 4, Cheating is killer, zero tolerance.

Rather help each other Rule 5, for class work and Quiz, keep always

writing material and calculator

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Why Circuit AnalysisFirst Step in Analog Design

Electrical Technology: Power and Information

Effects almost all engineering disciplines Circuit analysis provides the following

information Cause and effect Amplification and attenuation Feedback and control Stability and oscillation

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DEVELOP TOOLS FOR THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BASIC LINEAR ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

Why Circuit Analysis

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ApplicationsPressure Sensor

Its a sensor to measure force and convert it in to electrical signal

a

R2

R4

R1R3

b

p

d

Rim

Membrane

lp

h

R1

R2R3

R4

Vb

+ V0 -

c

Model of a piezoresistor pressure sensor

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Temperature SensorSenses the temperature of the environment

Makes use of the change of resistivity in a metal wire with temperature. As electrons move through a metal, they are impeded by the thermal vibrations of the atoms in the crystal lattice. The higher the temperature the greater the impedance and the higher the resistivity. Accuracy upto 0.001 C. Usually platinum wire is used, since it is a noble metal which is un-reactive over a wide range of temperatures. But copper, nickel and rhodium alloy may also be used in various temperature ranges. Usually a coil of the pure wire is wound onto an alumina former or placed in the bores of an alumina tube, and this assembly is mounted in a steel tube.

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Airbag SensorsAccelerometers

Senses the impact on the front and sides of the car and actuates the airbag systems

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BASIC STRATEGY USED IN ANALYSIS

Lets Start the BusinessWhat is Circuit Analysis

ANALYSIS USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS with ALGEBRAIC AND ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Device/System Test

Device/System Manufacturing

Idea??

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MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS

DEVELOP A SET OF MATHEMATICALEQUATIONS THAT REPRESENT THE CIRCUIT

- A MATEMATICAL MODEL -

LEARN HOW TO SOLVE THE MODEL TO DETERMINE HOW THE CIRCUIT WILL BEHAVE IN A GIVEN SITUATION

THIS COURSE TEACHES THE BASIC TECHNIQUESTO DEVELOP MATHEMATICAL MODELS FORELECTRIC CIRCUITS

THE MATHEMATICS CLASSES - LINEAR ALGEBRA,DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS- PROVIDE THE TOOLSTO SOLVE THE MATHEMATICAL MODELS

FOR THE FIRST PART WE WILL BE EXPECTEDTO SOLVE SYSTEMS OF ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS

20642016484912

321

321

321

=+=++=

VVVVVVVVV

LATER THE MODELS WILL BE DIFFERENTIALEQUATIONS OF THE FORM

fdtdfy

dtdy

dtyd

fydtdy

4384

3

2

2+=++

=+

THE MODELS THAT WILL BE DEVELOPED HAVENICE MATHEMATICAL PROPERTIES.IN PARTICULAR THEY WILL BE LINEAR WHICHMEANS THAT THEY SATISFY THE PRINCIPLE OFSUPERPOSITION

1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2

Model

Principle of Superposition( ) ( ) ( )

y Tu

T u u T u T u

=

+ = +

Circuit Design Methodology

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a b2 TERMINALS COMPONENT

characterized by thecurrent through it andthe voltage differencebetween terminals

NODE

NODE

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT IS AN INTERCONNECTION OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

LOW DISTORTION POWER AMPLIFIER

+-

L

C

1R

2RSv

+Ov

TYPICAL LINEARCIRCUIT

The concept of node is extremelyimportant. Node where the terminals of two or more electrical components are connected.We must learn to identify a node in any shape or form

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BASIC CONCEPTS

LEARNING GOALS for next two lectures

System of Units: The SI standard system; prefixes

Basic Quantities: Charge, current, voltage, power and energy

Circuit Elements: Active and Passive

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Systems of UnitsSysteme International Des Unites (International systems of units): Meter (m), Kilogram (kg), Second (s), Ampere (A), degrees Kelvin (K), amount of substance (mole), luminous intensity (cd-candela)

Standard Prefixes in SI pico (10-12), nano (10-9), micro (10-6), milli (10-3), Unit, Kilo (103), mega, (106), giga (109), tera (1012)

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SI DERIVED BASIC ELECTRICAL UNITS

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Homework

P: 1.1 1.4