lecture -1 mba
TRANSCRIPT
Business Research Methods
Instructor: Muhammad Yasir Rafiq M.Sc, M.Phil (Statistics) G.C.University, Lahore
[email protected] by: Muhammad Yasir Rafiq
Lecture #01
Main Text Book :
Uma Sekaran (2003). Research Methods for Business – A skilled – Building Approach 4th E. Jhon Wiley. New YorkRefrence Books:Cooper R. D. & Schindlerldi, S. P. (2006). Business Research Methods 9e. McGraw. HillWilliam G .Zikmund Business (2002) Research Methods, 7th edition. Thomson. South – Western Business Research Methods By C.William Emory Research Methodology by Ranjit KumarMarketing Research by AAker, Kumar
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Objectives of the course
This course will enable the students to1.Sharpen the analytical (logical, argument) skills 2.Develop understanding of the research concerns3.Conduct research by applying whole steps
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Contents Introduction to Business Research Scientific Methodology Construction of Research process, proposal &
DesignSampling, its types and size of sample Sources of Data Collection -merits & De-meritsMeasurement: Scaling, Reliability, validity, Data entry, coding, editing (SPSS), Preparation of code book
Data Analysis (Quantitative Data Analysis, Qualitative Data Analysis)
Interpretation of Data Research report
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Assessment Details
Quizzes / Presentations (30%)
Acceptance of Research Paper (40%)
Final term (30%)
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Course Regulations & Requirements
1.Not allowed to change the assigned topic/ group at any case.2.Presentation date will not be extended.3.Plagiarism and cheating will not be tolerated 4. Late assignments will not accepted.5.Please turn off your cell phones 6.Please come to class before teacher
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Web- Sourceshttp://www.gallup.com
http://managementhelp.org/research/research.htm
http://www.researchmethods.org/
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/
http://www.google.com
Data Sources1. www.sbp.org.pk/ 2.www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/index.html
3.www.kse.com.pk
4.www.imf.org/external/index.htm
5.www.worldbank.org/
6.www.un.org/
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List of Foreign Journals
S.No. Name of Journal Frequency
1 Business Fortnightly
2 Business Week Weekly
3 Foreign Affairs Bi-Monthly
4 Foreign Policy Bi-monthly
5 Fortune Bi-Weekly
6 Harvard Business Review Monthly
7 Journal of Consumer Research Quarterly
8 Journal of Marketing Quarterly
9 Journal of Marketing Research Quarterly
10 News Week Weekly
11 Psychology Today Bi-Monthly
12 The Economist Weekly
13 The Mckinsey Quarterly Quarterly
14 National Geographic Monthly
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List of Pakistani Journals
1 All Law Decisions Monthly
2 Bi-Monthly
3 Civil Law Cases Monthly
4 Brand Wagon Quarterly
5 Blue Chip Monthly
6 Business Review(IBA) Bi Annual
7 Economic Outlook Monthly
8 Economic Review Monthly
9 Flare Monthly
10 Herald Monthly
11 Hiba Bi Monthly
12 Industrial Relations Journal Fort Nightly
13 Investment & Marketing Monthly
14 Marketing Review Quarterly
15 New Horizon Monthly
16 News line Monthly
17 & G. Economist Weekly
18 Development Review Quarterly
19 Tax Decisions Monthly
20 Textile Journal Monthly
21 Spider Monthly
22 South Asian Journal Quarterly
23 Supreme Court Monthly Review Monthly
24 Trade Chronicle Monthly
25 Triple Bottom Line Bi-Monthly
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What is Research!!!
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What is RESEARCH?
RESEARCH is composed of 2 words.
RE is a prefix meaning again, anew or over again.
SEARCH a verb meaning to examine closely and carefully, to test and try, or to probe or study thoroughly.
Definitions of Research The main goal of research is the gathering and
interpreting of information to answer questions (Hyllegard, Mood, and Morrow, 1996).
Research is a systematic attempt to provide answers to questions (Tuckman, 1999).
Research may be defined as the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possible control of events (Best and Kahn, 1998).
Research is a systematic way of asking questions, a systematic method of inquiry (Drew, Hardman, and Hart, 1996).
Research is one of the ways to find answers to your questions.
Research is the process of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough study and analysis of the situational factors.
A concise Definition:
Status in a society
In a society, we act either as a1.In
Family-father/mother/brother/sister
2.Student/teacher3.Head of
department/Registrar/Dean
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Status in a society
4.Employee/un-employed/self business/
5.Manager/Sale /Operation /Marketing
6.Executives
7.Sportsman/sportswomen
8. Industry/Banking/Cement/Cars
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Undesirable situations
In our daily life, we face a lot of undesirable situations, following are some examples
1.Very poor result of B.B.A of “The University of Lahore” this year.
2.Pakistan is not a polio free country after a lot vaccination campaign
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Undesirable situations
3.In Pakistan overall Public transport facilities are very poor and extremely poor for females
4.In Pakistan, poverty is increasing day by day
5.Utilities are going to be out of range from poor peoples of Pakistan
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Undesirable situations
6.High inflation, interest rates high
7.Trade gap is increasing
8.Literacy rate declining
9.Unemployment is increasing
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Undesirable situations
10. Growth of population
11.Awareness about health care in rural areas
12. Performance of Pakistani Cricket team
13.Education system
14.Shortage of power supplycontd….Compiled by: Muhammad Yasir
Rafiq
Undesirable situations
15.Brain drain
16. Crises of wheat/sugar/water----
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Questions come to mind (Curiosity)
In our routine life many questions come to our mind, like
1.Why girls performance in different exams are better than boys. What factors leading them.
2.Why girls enrollment in universities is increasing.
3.Why deposit rates are so little
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Questions come to mind (Curiosity)
4.Public awareness about the consequences of Diabetes, cholesterol ,smoking and aids etc
5. Ratting of our Universities
Many more questions like this
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Business Research Business research can be described
as a systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem encountered in the work setting, that needs a solution.
It comprises a series of steps designed and executed , with the goal of finding answers to the issues that are of concern to the manager in the work environment
Business Research
To know where the problem areas exist in the organization, and to identify as clearly and specifically as possible, the problems that need to be studied and resolved.
To gather information, analyze the data, and determine the factors that are associated with the problem and solve it the necessary corrective measures.
Business Research
To know where the problem areas exist in the organization, and to identify as clearly and specifically as possible, the problems that need to be studied and resolved.
To gather information, analyze the data, and determine the factors that are associated with the problem and solve it the necessary corrective measures.
Business Research
This entire process by which we attempt to solve problems is called research.
Thus, research involves a series of well-thought-out and carefully executed activities that will enable the manager to know how organizational problems can be solved.
Final Definition (Comprehensive)
Research is an organized, systematic, data-based, critical, objective, scientific enquiry/investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or solutions to it.
Basic vs. Applied Research Basic
Pure, fundamental research
Discovery of new knowledge; theoretical in nature
Takes many years for the results of basic research to find some practical utility
Applied Central purpose to
solve an immediate problem
Improved products or processes
Infers beyond the group or situation studied
Interpretation of results relies upon Basic research
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Examples of basic research
Boyle’s lawBoyle’s law “if the temperature remains constant, the volume of
confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure”1.1. Charles’ lawCharles’ law
“the volume of a dry gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature, provided the pressure remains constant”
2.2. Archimedes principleArchimedes principle“an object in a liquid will experience a bouyant force just
equal to the weight of the liquid displaced” 3.3. Newton’s lawNewton’s law
“a body in motion will continue to move with the same velocity in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force”
4.4. Hooke’s lawHooke’s law“within the limit of perfect elasticity, strain is directly
proportional to the stress”
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2. Applied Research This type of research involves seeking new
applications of scientific knowledge to the solution of a problem, such as the development of a new system or procedure, new device, or new method in order to solve the problem.
The problem is identified and a new system or new method is applied in order to solve the problem.
Applied research produces knowledge of practical use to man.
Question # 1
Please write at least 5 undesirable situations about which you are interested to get answers
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Application of Business ResearchIt is primarily conducted to resolve problematic issues in or interrelated among, the areas of business.
1. Marketing2. Management3. Accounting4. Finance
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Marketing: Branding image, advertising, after sale services, Consumer preferences, new product development etc.
Management: Employees attitude and behavior, human recourses management, impact of changing demographic on management practices, production operations.
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Accounting: budget control system, Practices and procedure, inventory costing method, Cash recovery, taxation Planning.
Finance: Operation of financial institutions, financial ratios, merger , leverage, mortgage, acquisition etc.
Value of Research
Research provide knowledge Research gives pleasure of
solving problems Helps in generating theories and
models Helps in developing
methodologies Research help for better living
Following the standards of the scientific method Purpose clearly defined Research process detailed Research design thoroughly
planned Limitations frankly revealed High ethical standards applied
What is Good Research?
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What is Good Research? (cont.)
Following the standards of the scientific method (cont.)
Adequate analysis for decision-maker’s needs
Findings presented unambiguously Conclusions justified Researcher’s experience reflected
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Determining When to Conduct Business Research
Is sufficient time available before
a managerial decision
must be made?
Is the infor-mation already
on handinadequate for making
the decision?
Is the decision of considerable
strategicor tactical
importance?
Does the value of the research
informationexceed the cost of conducting
research?
ConductingBusinessResearch
Do Not Conduct Business Research
Time ConstraintsAvailability of
Data Nature of the DecisionBenefits vs. Costs
Yes YesYesYes
No No No No
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Potential value of a business research effort should exceed its estimated costs
Value
Decreased UncertaintyIncreased Likelihood of a Correct DecisionImproved Marketing Performance and Resulting Higher Profits
CostsResearch ExpendituresDelay of Marketing Decision and Possible Disclosure of Information to RivalsPossible Erroneous Research Results
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Advantages Better acceptance from staff Knowledge about organization Would be an integral part of
implementation and evolution of the research recommendations.
Disadvantages Less fresh ideas Power politics could prevail Possibility not valued as “experts” by
staff.
INTERNAL RESEARCHERS
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Advantages Divergent and convergent thinking Experience from several situations in
different type of organizations. Better technical training, usually.
Disadvantages Take time to know and understand the
organizational system. Rapport and corporation from staff not
only easy. Not available for evaluation after
implementation cost.
EXTERNAL RESEARCHERS
“Man’s major problems and needs demand RESEARCH "The secret of success is to
know something nobody else knows. "
Aristotle
Onassis
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