lect 3 nonverbal communication

7/30/2019 Lect 3 Nonverbal Communication

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TYPES OF COMMUNICATION


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What are the most common ways

we communicate?

Written Word


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Main communication skills used in

counseling/health setting

1.non verbal skills

a. Listening

b. Facial expressions

c. Other NVS (head nodding )

2.Verbal skills:

Checking understanding

Asking questions

Answering questions


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Some definitions:

Verbal Communication: using spoken words totransmit and/or exchange/evoke sharedunderstanding

Non-Verbal Communication: using anythingbut spoken words to transmit and/orexchange/evoke shared understanding (eg.

posture, gaze & gesture) Paralinguistics: features of vocal sound which

embellish or emphasise meaning (eg. tone of

voice)


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Paralinguistics:

Tone: conveyed em0tion (eg. Angryvoice) Emphasis: raising or lowering voice fora particular word Intonation (Inflection): modulation

(variation) of sound (timbre) eg.whisper or shout


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Types of Communication

Verbal-oral expression (speaking ofwords)/audio, transmission of messages.

Non-Verbal communication use of signs, signalorientation/animation of body, written words to

transmit messages from one source to the other. It is the sum total of ways in which we transmit

information without using words.

It also includes the paralinguistic i.e. volume,rate of voice etc).


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Visual 55%(body

language) Vocal 38% (tone,

tempo, volume)

Verbal 7%(words)

Three elements of

communication


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Nonverbal Communication

Communication through any other means except

words.

It includes facial expression, eye contact, body

language and the way we wear our clothes or the

silence we keep.

NON-VERBAL symbols are four times more

effective than VERBAL ones.

A person can stop speaking, but he cannot stopcommunicating with his body.


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Nonverbal Behaviors

Convey Their True Feelings

Nonverbal actions

communicate more than

words.

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Nonverbal Behaviors Cont

Facial expressions such as smiles or clenchedjaw

Voice quality such as tone, level, or rapidspeech

Physiological responses such as rapidbreathing or blushing


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Nonverbal Behaviors Cont

Body motions such as posture and gesture

Physical traits such as weight or complexion

General appearance such as grooming and

dress

t


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on-ver a commun cat on

Through signs &symbols.

Non-verbal can

go without verbalcommunication.

Verbal cant go

without non-verbalcommunication.


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Function of non-verbal communication

Used to repeat the verbal message

Compliment the verbal message

Substitute for verbal message


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Do you know what you are saying?


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Importance of Eye contact

It shows your interest in your audience.

It indicates your straightforwardness .

It adds facial expression to the message. It provides feedback to you on your impact

on the audience.


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What else we do with our eyes:

Eye Contact/Movement

When we speak face to face the following occurs with oureyes:

The speaker looks away as they open speech

The listener looks at the speakers eyes

When speaker about to finish, they flash a glance and theroles reverse

If process is interrupted (eg. dark glasses), then theconversation becomes disjointed

Eyes control role taking turns in a conversation* (a similar

process takes place on the phone using paralinguistics).

Do AMRCs: Kendon (1967) & Argle (1968)* This applies

to both 1-2-1

and a group

conversation


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How do we use facial expression to embellish

communication?

Do

exercise

supplied:


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Face Expression adds an emotion to

communication

Facial expression is a human universal (from birth,except Fear that comes from 6mths onwards) andtherefore they are inherited not learned (nature vsnurture)

The only other species are Primates

Facial expressions involve many muscles and areinvoluntarily connected to how we really feel (we

cant fake it!) A smile takes 17 muscles and a frown 47 muscles


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Hands

Of all body parts the hands areprobably used most for

communicating non-verbally.

Hand waves are used for greeting, beckoningor farewells.

Arms behind back, hands grasped is a sign of

ease and control. Arms in front, hands grasped, common

practice in most Asian countries, is a sign ofmutual respect for others.


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Gestures and Touch(gesticulation: to make gestures)

Some hand

gestures work

well without

context or

words!

A

B

C

Watch a person on the

telephone, why do they

do this even if they cant

be seen?


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Personal space

In social interaction, a zone of 4 feet to 12 feet

is maintained when the situation is formal.

This is called social distance.

In public gathering distance is normally 12 feet

to 30 feet.

Space distancing differs from culture to culture.


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Silence

Silence can put a positive

or negative influence in the communication

process. It can create tension and uneasiness or create

a peaceful situation.

Silence can be judgmental by indicatingagreement or disagreement.


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Handshakes

What do handshakes tell you about people ?

There are three main conventions..the way you extend the hand.

...the way you apply the pressure.

the length of time you shake the hand.


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The actual words!!!!!

Research suggests shared communication isabout:

7% The words

(verbal) 38% How you say it

(vocal Inflections)

55% What you look likeAppearance/gesture/gaze, posture (bodylanguage) and situational factors (attribution& context of interaction)


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Body Language

To communicate using our body

Posture: Open, closed and mirror/echo

Usually unconscious interaction, but experts

can read and/or take advantage especially

postural echo (put a person at ease)

Some other interactions like/lie etc

Do AMRC: McGinley (1975) + evaluation


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Body Language

Some questions:

Do these three all

know each other?

Are two of themtogether?

How do you

know?

We make a lot of assumptions based on body language and they are often correct!!!


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Touch to embellish communication

Touch with hand or arm are a very

powerful addition to

communication

Various types: controlled byproximity to intimate erogenous

zones and culture (think of how

you formally greet and how you

greet friends and family etc)

Do AMRC p33: Fisher et al, (1976).. Evaluation

consider inter/intra gender issues


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Consider a concept like personal space:

(Roughly half an arm, within an arm and over an

arms length away)

Q) When speaking privately to you, what limit of closeness toyour face would you expect from the following?

1. An intimate friend

2. An acquaintance

3. A stranger

How do you feel if someone violates your social space? And consider age/gender (own/different)


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Some cultures stand

much closer to talk

they think we are

Unfriendly

Also status: the more

respect the greater

the distance

Do AMRCs p36: Summer (1969) & Zahn (1991)and evaluate

Personal space and culture/status


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Communication: How important are the

actual words?

Eye Contact

Body Posture

Facial

Expression

Sound of voice:

Tone

Emphasis

Intonation

Touch

Hand

Gestures

Personal Space+ The

Situation + General

AppearanceWhat have we left out?


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Improving Body Language -

Tips

Keep appropriate distance

Touch only when appropriate

Take care of your appearance

Be aware - people may give false cues

Maintain eye contact

Smile genuinely


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Verbal and Nonverbal

Encouragements : Definitions

Verbal and Nonverbal encouragements

involve the use of words, phrases and

gestures that indicate attention and thewish for the person to continue

speaking


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Active Listening?

Active listening is listening to another

person in a way that communicates

understanding, empathy and interest

It is different from hearing

It requires energy, skill and commitment

Makes the speaker feel important,acknowledged and empowered


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Active/effective Listening Paying attention

Use of body language

Use of minimum encouragers

Staying tuned Observing non-verbal language

Constructive use of silence

Avoiding interruptions Understanding meanings and feelings

behind non-verbal and verbal cues (volume,

quality of spoken words).


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Six golden rules of listening

1. Do not interrupt

2. Do not rush to give advice

3. Do not encourage dependence4. Do not be afraid of silence

5. Do not take the client/patient for

granted

6. Do not assume you understand


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Examples of non verbal skills:

1. Facial expressions e.g.

Eye contact

Smiling

Laughing

FrowningShowing surprise


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cont. Non- verbal skills

2.Other NVS:

Head Nodding

Tapping and touch Silence


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Positive Body Language

3. Body language includes:

Posture of the body

Leaning forward

Gestures

SpaceSeating

Barriers


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Cont.

Active listeners use body language to

indicate respect, interest and empathy

Body language may have differentmeanings in different communities or

cultures


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Assign 1:

Identify potential barriers to

communication and how to overcome

them in different clinical setting (referclinic, ER, private practice)


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Questions


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Thank You.

lect 3 nonverbal communication

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