UNESCO 6TH AFRICA ENGINEERING WEEK AND 4TH AFRICA ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 15th – 21st September, 2019

Least Cost Planning Techniques in Electrical Infrastructure Projects _ ZESCO Ltd, a Zambian Case

Study

PRESENTER : Matemba Roy Chilengi

DATE : 18th & 19th September, 2019

AVANI Victoria Falls Resort, Livingstone, Zambia

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

3. METHODOLOGY

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5. CONCLUSIONS

6. RECOMMENDATIONS

7. REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

• In today’s age, Planning and Design of Electrical Power Infrastructure Systems have become an important and continuous activity.

• This is because of continued population growth and sophistication of modern life resulting in continued increase in power demand.

2

INTRODUCTION• Thus, its incumbent on today’s power system network planners and

designers have to optimize the designs of these networks in terms of cost/usefulness/avoiding obsolescence/considering alternatives and so many of such factors hence the use of LCP

• LCP framework considers:• Considers demand management solutions equally with strategies to increase capacity

• Considers all significant impacts (costs and benefits including non market impacts such as environment, etc. It considers the public inputs as well.

2

INTRODUCTION

• LCP ensures that we maximize the results with limited resources.

It reflects best practices in planning and avoids overinvestments in capacity.

• LCP developed in the field of energy planning when decision makers realized that it can be cheaper to invest in conservation than to build new electrical generation and distribution capacity in certain circumstances.

2

PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Today we are faced with problems and challenges due to increasing demand

• In the face of limited resources against rapidly increasing demand for those resources

• This requires very critical thinking and analysis in order for us to arrive at decisions that give the best outcomes. Hence LCP

2

METHODOLOGY• Least Cost Planning methods can be applied to many different types of

problems. For example, they can be applied to find the most cost effect way to increase safety, improve mobility

• Cost Planning: A process in which all reasonable options for both the supply and demand are assessed against an array of cost benefit considerations which are defined as broadly as possible.

2

METHODOLOGY

• Least Least-cost planning involves the following steps:

1. Identify goals (general things that you want to achieve), objectives (ways to achieve those goals) and targets (measurable outcomes that you want to achieve).

2. Identify various strategies that can help achieve the objectives and targets. These can include both projects that increase capacity and demand management strategies.

3. Evaluate the costs and benefits of each strategy (including indirect impacts, if any), and rank them according to cost-effectiveness or benefit/cost ratios.

4. Implement the most cost-effective strategies as needed to achieve the stated targets.

5. After they are implemented, evaluate the programs and strategies with regard to various performance measures, to insure that they are effective.

6. Evaluate overall results with regard to targets to determine if and when additional strategies should be implemented.

2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

2

• Power Rehabilitation Projects

• In Power Generation Stations, power output has been upgraded in a least cost way:

1. Kariba North Bank Power Station

2. Kafue Gorge Upper

3. Lunzua

4. Musonda Falls Hydro etc.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION• Power Transfer Capacity Upgrades in Transmission Lines (inovation)

• Use of HTLS, a modern conductor material

• Gives 20% less Sag under same conditions (light weight / high Modulus of expansion giving lo linear expansion. Lower tower height thanks to superior sag performance reducing tower construction cost and lead time. Longer spans lead to reduced cost and less environmental impact

• 2.5 X More Capacity e.g. L/Hill – Coventry 132kV line: 86MVA to 200MVA; Kabwe-Kapiri 88kV line: 57MVA to 122MVA; Kafue Town – Mazabuka 88KV

2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

• Utilization of Multiple circuit per tower in transmission lines e.g. D-Circuit

• 330kV Lusaka West- Mumbwa; 330kV Mumbwa-Kalumbila; 330kV Muzuma– Maamba etc.

• Maximizes Utilization of wayleave space

• Reduced foot-print and environmental impact

2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

• A focus on Energy Efficiency relating to LCP

• The other side of the meter gives virtual power

• Enhances energy use and allows defering of capital investments

• Attitudes of People regarding energy usage

2

CONCLUSION

• Least-cost planning is a process by which electric utilities evaluate the costs, benefits, and risks of different resources for meeting electric power demand (including traditional power plants and energy efficiency) in an effort to arrive at the mix of resources that will meet future demand at the lowest cost while still providing reliable electric service

• It can help reduce and save huge capital costs meant to do new projects by improving what is existing.

• It can defer capital investments to a later time, when resources are probably enough.

• LCP, also called Integrated Resource Planning, in that, it holistically looks at everything in terms of costs and benefits chooses the best option that maximises the benefits

2

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Least Least-cost planning is very helpful and an approach worth engaging in, for all that are involved in infrastructure development.

• LCP should be used as it can help address funding needs for future and how to prioritize them.

2

RECOMENDATIONS

• The Future: as a result of above considerations…

• Multiple circuits per tower networks

• Maximize way leave use; less cost in land acquisition

• Less Visual Impacts

2

REFERENCES

1. Some Reference text’ is (ZESCO Documents and Reference Reports, Generation and Transmission Projects Data, (not available online)

2. ZESCO Projects Reports and Literature

3. http://www.zesco.co.zm

4. Least Cost Planning: Should Utilities Invest in Energy Efficiency Rather Than in New Supplies? Ann Davison, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, EV6, 1991 pp. 3-30.

5. Engineering Transmission Lines with High Capacity Low Sag ACCC Conductors’ CTC GLOBAL First Edition 2011

6. Electric Power Transmission System Engineering Analysis and Design By TuranGonen

7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering

8. http://www.eewv.org/least-cost-planning-fact-sheet

9. http://sciencefacultymagazine.com/natural-sciences-en/biology-en/population/2

Thank You for Your Attention.Merci pour Votre Attention.

&