Learning Theory Applied to Teaching

Learning Theory Applied to Teaching

`

Goals for Session

State names of the five theories

Describe each theory briefly Think about the role of

theory

What is learning?

Learning is a persisting change in an individual’s understanding,

performance or potential brought about by meaningful interaction

with his/her environment.

What is Learning?UnconsciousUnconscious

IncompetenceIncompetenceConscious Conscious

IncompetenceIncompetence

ConsciousConsciousCompetenceCompetence

UnconsciousUnconsciousCompetenceCompetence

What is a theory?

Principle that guides action

Specifies instructor’s activities which are more likely to bring about learning in a specific venue

Learning Theories Behavioral Cognitive Constructivist Humanistic Developmental

Behavioral B. F. Skinner, Robert Thorndike Change in observable behavior Objectives written by instructor Instructor provides stimulus,

asks for response and reinforces Learner is in third person

Instructional Strategies

Provide instructional objectives Expect learners to move at own pace Provide information, ask learners to

respond Present material in small steps Assess learner frequently Provide immediate feedback that is both

positive and constructive Revise instruction based on performance

Yogi on Behaviorism

“If you don’t know where you are going,

you probably won’t get there.”

Cognitive Jerome Bruner, David Ausubel, Robert Gagne

Learning is meaningful connection to and organization of memoryProcess of learning connected to content

Objectives are general Instructor arranges conditions and helps learner develop structure Learner is in third person

Instructional Strategies Assess learner’s prerequisite skills Use advance organizers Provide structure, examples, images Connect new concepts to previous Ask learner to form own questions Ask “What if..?” questions Be as concerned with thought

process as with the right answer

Yogi on Cognitivism

“90% of this game is half mental.”

Constructivist

Albert Bandura, Lev Vigotsky Learning is a mutual understanding developed by participating in a learning community Objectives not often specified but become apparent as community experiences and discusses Instructor models and reacts Learner is in first person

Instructional Strategies

Base learning on simulated and/or practical experience

Ask learners for their hypotheses Model performance, problem solving Help learners generate links Flip the classroom Facilitate discussions Emphasize cooperation, collaboration Assess learning in context

Yogi onConstructivis

m

“You can observe a lot by watching.”

Humanistic

Carl Rogers, AH Maslow, Malcolm Knowles Learning is satisfying one’s own needs Objectives developed by learner Instructor creates environment, reacts to learner’s needs Learner is in first person

Instructional Strategies

Develop learning contract with learner Help learners make choices Incorporate learner’s prior experience Refer learner to resources Ask learners to teach each other by

presenting to each other Guide group discussions Helps learner evaluate own learning Serve as consultant

Yogi onHumanism

“We were lost, but we were making good

time.”

Developmental Jean Piaget Learning is maturation Learning occurs in stages Objectives based on norms Instructor diagnoses stage and reacts Learner changes from third to first

person

Instructional Strategies

Determine learner’s stage Keep growth chart Emphasize discovery of principles Help learner accept responsibility Change teaching style Directing to facilitating to

consulting

Yogi onDevelopmentali

sm

“When you come to a fork in the road, take it.”

Points of Agreement

Goals are important Organize knowledge from simple to

complex Learner must be active Reinforcement Group support Attitude toward learning and context

My Advice Systematic design - Beh How learning occurs - Cog Interactions with others - Con Adjusting instruction - Dev Self-determination - Hum

Practical Exercise

VENUE

1st year students Lecture course inPatho-physiology

2rd year students Afternoon PBL conferences

Interns Attending rounds

Senior residents Out patient clinic

Fellows Research project

WHO

Yogi says:

“I really didn’t say everything I said.”

Thank you!

Lecture course in Epi/Biostats

Disposition conferences Attending clinicResearch project

Mentoring