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Learning TheoriesLearning Theories

J.J. RousseauJ.J. Rousseau

Learning by Experience

1712 – 1778

“Learning is done through

trial and error...”

J.J. RousseauJ.J. Rousseau

1712 – 1778

“A child should grow in

accordance with his own

nature.”

J.J. RousseauJ.J. Rousseau

1712 – 1778

“The instruments of education is our own body.”

J.J. RousseauJ.J. Rousseau

1712 – 1778

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Models of Personality

1856 - 1939

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Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Id

1856 - 1939

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Ego

1856 - 1939

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Super Ego

1856 - 1939

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Libido

1856 - 1939

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

5 Psychosexual Stages of

Development

1856 - 1939

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Oral Stage

1856 - 1939

3

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Anal Stage

1856 - 1939

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Phallic Stage

1856 - 1939

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Latency Period

1856 - 1939

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Genital Stage

1856 - 1939

John DeweyJohn Dewey

Experiential Learning

1859 - 1952

John DeweyJohn Dewey

Active Learning

1859 - 1952

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John DeweyJohn Dewey

Pragmatism

1859 - 1952

John DeweyJohn Dewey “Students should be involved in real-life tasks

and challenges.”

1859 - 1952

Maria MontessoriMaria Montessori“Preparing the most natural and life-

supporting environments for the child”

1870 - 1952

Maria MontessoriMaria Montessori

The Montessori Method

1870 - 1952

Maria MontessoriMaria Montessori

“Engaging children in exercise in daily living”

1870 - 1952

Lev VygtoskyLev Vygtosky

Zone of Proximal

Development

1896 - 1934

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Lev VygtoskyLev Vygtosky

Scaffolding Theory

1896 - 1934

Jean PiagetJean Piaget

4 Stages of Development

1896 - 1980

Jean PiagetJean Piaget

Sensorimotor Stage

1896 - 1980

Jean PiagetJean Piaget

Preoperational Stage

1896 - 1980

Jean PiagetJean Piaget

Concrete-Operational

Stage

1896 - 1980

Jean PiagetJean Piaget

Formal-Operational

Stage

1896 - 1980

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Jean PiagetJean Piaget

Theory of Adaptation

1896 - 1980

Jean PiagetJean Piaget

Assimilationand

Accommodation

1896 - 1980

Jean PiagetJean Piaget

Constructivism

1896 - 1980

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

8 Stages of Development

1902 - 1994

InfantTrust vs. Mistrust

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

1902 - 1994

ToddlerAutonomy vs.

Shame

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

1902 - 1994

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PreschoolerInitiative vs. Guilt

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

1902 - 1994

School AgeIndustry vs. Inferiority

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

1902 - 1994

AdolescentIdentity vs. Role

Confusion

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

1902 - 1994

Young AdultIntimacy vs. Isolation

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

1902 - 1994

Middle-Age Adult

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

1902 - 1994

Old-Age Adult

Integrity vs. Despair

Erik EriksonErik Erikson

1902 - 1994

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Operant Conditioning

B.F. SkinnerB.F. Skinner

1904 – 1990

Reinforcementand

Punishment

B.F. SkinnerB.F. Skinner

1904 – 1990

“Skinner Box”

B.F. SkinnerB.F. Skinner

1904 – 1990

Shaping

B.F. SkinnerB.F. Skinner

1904 – 1990

Malcolm KnowlesMalcolm Knowles

Andragogy

1913 – 1997

Malcolm KnowlesMalcolm Knowles

Adult Education

1913 – 1997

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Benjamin BloomBenjamin Bloom

Taxonomy of Learning

1913 – 1999

Benjamin BloomBenjamin Bloom

3 Learning Domains

1913 – 1999

Benjamin BloomBenjamin Bloom

Cognitive Domain

1913 – 1999

Benjamin BloomBenjamin Bloom

1913 – 1999

OldTaxonomy

Benjamin BloomBenjamin Bloom

1913 – 1999

New Taxonomy

Benjamin BloomBenjamin Bloom

Affective Domain

1913 – 1999

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Benjamin BloomBenjamin Bloom

Psychomotor Domain

1913 – 1999

Robert GagnéRobert Gagné

9 Events of Instruction

1916 – 2002

Robert GagnéRobert Gagné

Gain Attention

1916 – 2002

Robert GagnéRobert Gagné

Inform Learner of Objective

1916 – 2002

Robert GagnéRobert Gagné

Recall Prior Knowledge

1916 – 2002

Robert GagnéRobert Gagné

Present Material

1916 – 2002

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Robert GagnéRobert Gagné

Provide Guided Learning

1916 – 2002

Robert GagnéRobert Gagné

Elicit Performance

1916 – 2002

Robert GagnéRobert Gagné

Provide Feedback

1916 – 2002

Robert GagnéRobert Gagné

Assess Performance

1916 – 2002

Robert GagnéRobert Gagné

Enhance Retention

and Transfer

1916 – 2002

Albert BanduraAlbert BanduraSocial

Cognitive Theory

1925

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Observational Learning or Modeling

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

1925

Attention

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

1925

Retention

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

1925

Reproduction

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

1925

Motivation

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

1925

Reinforcements

pastpromisedvicarious

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

1925

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“People not only gain

understanding through

reflection they evaluate and alter their own

thinking.”

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

1925

“Bobo Doll”Study

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

1925

“Nurture shapes nature.”

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

1925

Seymour PapertSeymour Papert

Constructionism

1928

Seymour PapertSeymour Papert

Computers as Instruments for Learning

1928

Seymour PapertSeymour Papert

Logo Programming Language

1928

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Seymour PapertSeymour Papert

LEGO Logo

1928

Seymour PapertSeymour Papert

Mindstorms: Children

Computers and Powerful Ideas

1928

Multiple Intelligences

Howard GardnerHoward Gardner

1943

VisualPicture Smart

Howard GardnerHoward Gardner

1943

LinguisticWord Smart

Howard GardnerHoward Gardner

1943

LogicalNumber Smart

Howard GardnerHoward Gardner

1943

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KinestheticBody Smart

Howard GardnerHoward Gardner

1943

RhythmicMusic Smart

Howard GardnerHoward Gardner

1943

InterpersonalPeople Smart

Howard GardnerHoward Gardner

1943

IntrapersonalSelf Smart

Howard GardnerHoward Gardner

1943

Elaboration Theory

C. ReigeluthC. ReigeluthCourse Structureconceptualproceduraltheoretical

C. ReigeluthC. Reigeluth

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Sequencinggeneral-specificsimple-complexabstract-concrete

C. ReigeluthC. Reigeluth

Summarizers and

Synthesizers

C. ReigeluthC. Reigeluth

Analogies and

Cognitive Cues

C. ReigeluthC. Reigeluth

Learner Control

C. ReigeluthC. Reigeluth