Science, Technology and Engineering

Science, Technology and EngineeringLearning TargetE1:I can explain the links between science, technology, engineering and math.

SCIENCEScience is a process used to discover more about the natural worldExplain how the World/Universe worksRESULT: facts, models, laws, theories

TechnologyHow we control what happens in the World.Solution to a practical problem.Draws on science & contributes to it.Science leads to technologyTechnology propels scienceExamples: inventions, tools, machines, products, systems etc.

NASA Receives Final NRC Report On Space Technology Roadmaps The technology priorities the report identifies are aligned with NASA missions to extend and sustain human activities beyond low Earth orbit, explore the evolution of the solar system and the potential for life elsewhere, and expand our understanding of Earth and the universe in which we live. The report observes that "technological breakthroughs have been the foundation of virtually every NASA success. In addition, technological advances have yielded benefits far beyond space itself in down-to-Earth applications." It also states "future U.S. leadership in space requires a foundation of sustained technology advances."

reporthttp://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13354EngineeringThe application of scientific knowledge in developing and applying technologyThe process of designing a solution to a problem.Its how we address human needs.Identifying a problem and designing a solution for it.Seeking solutions for societal problems and needsThe result of Engineering is TechnologyMathEngineers apply Science Concepts and Mathematical TechniquesStrong Link between Science, Math and Engineering

Learning TargetE2:I can explain some of the possible careers in science and engineering

Every manmade object you see, and all of the other technologies that exist have been created by Engineers.

Types of Engineers:

Types of Engineers:AeronauticalBiomedicalMechanicalChemicalCivilElectrical and ElectronicsEnvironmentalIndustrial

BiomechanicalPhotonicsComputer software Computer hardware NuclearMetallurgy and MaterialsMineralAgriculturalLearning TargetE3:I can explain how scientists and engineers from different areas of expertise work together.

Multi-disciplineLike Science, Engineering processes require multi-disciplinary contributions and efforts.Civil Engineering Project Example:

Such an Multidisciplinary approach has the potential to solve problems on a level adequate for the environmental and economic challenges, reaching highest degrees of efficiency.

structural analysis, construction physics, material science, environmental analysisarchitects & landscape architects, maintenance specialist, utility-provider If you could have any super power, what would it be?

Engineering Example:Helicopter Video Cliphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emK-qIbuJ-k

What are 3 different things from the helicopter video that needed to be engineered?

Paper Tower Challenge:Build the tallest free standing tower (not supported by anything other than itself)2 pieces of paper per group2 of tape per groupMust remain standing for 30 secondsMust be completed by _________Keep going until you have the tallest overall tower.

Learning TargetE4:I can explain the Engineering Design process.

How do they Do Engineering?Engineers follow a process similar to the way Scientists follow the Scientific MethodEngineering Process:Define the problem and the resources availableDevelop a designTest the designEngineers learn from mistakesAnalyze the design Modify the design and test againUse or market itScience vs. Engineering ProcessesScientific ProcessPurpose

Hypothesis and ProcedureRun Experiment & Collect DataAnalyze DataNew HypothesisConclusion

RESULT: facts, models, theories, lawsEngineering DesignDefine the problem and resources availableDevelop a designTest the Design

Analyze DesignModify the design and test againUse or market it

RESULT: Technology - inventions, tools, machines, products, systems

How do they Do Engineering?Engineering design is an analytical and creative process

To Engineer a solution to a problem You have to be able to come up with ideas that nobody else has thought of

Modeling

Like Scientists, Engineers use models when designing & testingPhysical ModelsComputer ModelsMathematical ModelsConceptual Models

Learning TargetE5:I can explain what engineers must consider when coming up with new designs.

How do they Do Engineering?In developing new products, tools, processes and systems, Engineers must consider

Manufacturing processes Operation Maintenance Disposal Constraints

Toyota MR2

Learning TargetE6:I can give examples of constraints in engineering design.

How do they Do Engineering?Design under ConstraintConstraint: Any known restrictions or limitations that may have an impact on a projectExamples:TimeMoneyAvailable technology We know we need really light & really strong material but that material might not exist yetScientific knowledge Teleportation Entanglement???How do they Do Engineering?Other Design ConstraintsPhysical Laws (Ex. Conservation of Energy)Physical Properties (Ex. Flexibility, Friction etc.)PoliticalSocialEcologicalEthicalOptimum Design takes all of these into account and comes to a reasonable compromiseNo Design is Perfect There are always trade-offsLearning TargetE7:I can explain why designs and products are continually changing.

EngineeringDesigns and Products are continually changing due toBenefits Better, EasierEx. Our bags are way better than a cavemansCost Ex. Cell phones have become cheaper and cheaper over timeRisksEx. As the human powered helicopter goes higher it will need more safety features

Learning TargetE8:I can explain risk analysis and who or what might be at risk.

RiskRisk - The possibility of suffering harm or loss

RiskTechnologies Always Have Side EffectsIntended Benefits Unintended BenefitsSpace exploration technology Consumer Products

Unintended BenefitsIntended Benefits Unintended BenefitsKevlar

Untended Side EffectsTechnologies Always Have Side EffectsIntended Benefits Unintended Side EffectsCollege Football Helmet rule if your helmet comes off, you have to sit out a play.Seems reasonable player safetyAny idea what happened as a result of the rule?Computers Eye Strain

Unintended Side EffectsTechnologies Always Have Side EffectsIntended Benefits Unintended Side EffectsBacklit Screens Sleep

"Our study shows that a two-hour exposure to light from self-luminous electronic displays can suppress melatonin by about 22%. Stimulating the human circadian system to this level may affect sleep in those using devices prior to bedtime."

Risk AnalysisThe development of all projects involves RiskRisk can never be zero, but it can be reducedRisk Analysis is a systematic method used to identify and analyze potential risks Used by Engineers to determine the positive & negative consequences of using a new technology or design. Once the risk is identified, solutions can be developed to reduce possible impact.

Risk AnalysisWe know All Technological Systems Can Fail soReduce possible effects byOver designRedundancy built in back-upsFail in least harmful way

RiskAcceptable Risk vs. Unacceptable RiskHow much risk is OK? How much is TOO MUCH?33,561 people were killed in automobile accidents in 2012 are you still willing to get into a car?Who decides if the risk is acceptable or not?Manufacturer?Consumer?Government?

Risk AnalysisWho or What might be at risk?IndividualsSociety Environment

Learning TargetE9:I can design, model and develop an engineering solution to a problem that meets design specifications.E10:I can judge the results of a scientific inquiry or engineering design project by organizing and analyzing data.

Engineering CHALLENGE