learning and the learner

7/30/2019 Learning and the Learner

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Learning and Learner

MOHD KAMIL

NUR ARINA ZAFIRAH

NUR AIN SYAFINAZSYAZWI

2 PISMP TESL 3


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CONGKAK


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What is Congkak?

Congkak or Congklak is a mancala game of

Malay origin played in Malaysia, Singapore,Brunei, Southern Thailand, and some parts of

Sumatra and Borneo.

Congkak, which is often considered a game

for girls, has simple rules that allow the

boards to have different numbers of holes.

Congkak boards are often made of teak or

mahogany wood are often elaboratelycarved into various shapes such as naga or

birds.* Mancala is a family of board games played around the world,sometimes called "sowing" games, or "count-and-capture"games, which describes the gameplay.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81gahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81ga


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Etymology

The word congkak is believed to originatefrom old Malay "congak", meaning

"mental calculation which is mainlypracticed in this game. It is regarded thatan efficient player who mentallycalculates a few steps in advance willhave an advantage in collecting points to

win the game. The word congkak or congklak also

means cowrie shells, used in the game.


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The oldest mancala game boards were found in aruined fort of Roman Egypt and date back to the

4th century AD. The game was likely introduced toSoutheast Asia by Indian or Arab traders in the 15thcentury.

It is believed to have spread throughout Malay

world through merchants via Malacca, animportant trading post at that time.

In the early days, it was thought that this game wasfor the king and family and palace residents,however later it spread to the general population ofthe kingdom. Beside the Malays, the IndianPeranakan also enjoy playing Congkak.


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The current Malaysian Ringgit 10 sen coinhas a Congkak board on the reverse in

recognition of the long history of congkakin Mala sia.


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How to play congkak?


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IF THE SHELL DROPS INTO THE PLAYER'S OWN'STOREHOUSE': The player scoops up the shells fromany of his 'houses' and distributes them in the cups

('houses') round the board but not in his opponent's'storehouse'.

IF THE SHELL DROPS INTO A 'HOUSE' (on either side ofthe board) CONTAINING SHELLS: The player scoops

up all the shells in that 'house' and continuesdistributing them as described above.


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IF THE SHELL DROPS INTO THE PLAYER'S 'HOUSE' WHICHIS WITHOUT SHELLS: The player is entitled to collect the

shells in his opponent's 'house' directly opposite hisown. These shells collected from his opponent's housetogether with his last shell are deposited in his own'storehouse'. If the opponent's 'house' opposite his

own is empty, he deposits only his last shell in his own'storehouse'. He forfeits his turn and stops playing. It isthe opponent's turn now to distribute the shells.

IF THE SHELL DROPS INTO AN EMPTY 'HOUSE'

BELONGING TO THE OPPONENT: The player forfeits histurn and stops playing. He also forfeits his shell andleaves it in the opponent's 'house'. It is the opponent'sturn now to distribute the shells.


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How does congkak affects the

childrens intelligence?


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PhysicalDevelopment


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Playing congkakcan improve ones fine motor skills

What is fine motor skills? Fine motor skills are tasks that utilize the small muscles of

the body like those in the fingers. Toddlers around a yearof age are usually able to perform fine motor skills likeholding a cup, grasping a spoon, picking up chunks of

food and putting small objects into a larger container.Usually at this age, there is not that much involvement ofthe thumb.

As a child gets closer to 2 years of age, fine motor skillincreases to include tasks like drawing with a crayon,

using a fork or spoon with more precision and stackingsmall objects like blocks. Closer to 3 and 4 years of age,children begin to master fine motor skills like zipping,snapping and buttoning clothing and drawing andwriting skills show marked improvements.


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By playing congkak, it helps students to improve

hand movement and also it makes students tofocus deeply into the games.

It also helps to improve manipulation of hands andfingers to be more accurate.

Helps to interpret information by hand to the brain


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Congkakto the childrenssocio-emotional development

It helps children to socialise and show respect to

other people.

Children taking turn to playshows respect. Children learn to deal with their emotions.

The children know that at the end of the

game there will be only one winner. So, they

have to learn to accept this result. Children learn how to support their friends

and foster team spirit among themselves.

learning and the learner

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