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Population stabilisation

NITI Aayog set to start drafting roadmap for population stabilisation (TheTribune: 201901220)

https://indianexpress.com/article/india/niti-aayog-set-to-start-drafting-roadmap-for-population-stabilisation/

NITI Aayog’s move comes four months after the Prime Minister voiced concern over the issue.Modi said in his Independence Day speech, “This rapidly increasing population poses variousnew challenges for us and our future generations.”

Invoking the Prime Minister’s concern over the rising population, the NITI Aayog is set to starta process of drafting the roadmap for population stabilisation in the country. Taking the firststep, the Aayog is organising a national consultation on ‘Realising the vision of populationstabilization: leaving no one behind’ on Friday.

“The recommendations from the consultation will contribute to a NITI Aayog working paperto help achieve India’s vision of attaining population stabilization, as voiced by Prime MinisterNarendra Modi on 15 August 2019,” said an official statement by the Aayog.

“The consultative meeting being organised in partnership with Population Foundation of India(PFI) will bring together senior officials, experts and subject matter specialists to discuss waysand means of strengthening India’s population policy and family planning programmes,” saidthe statement.

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NITI Aayog’s move comes four months after the Prime Minister voiced concern over the issue.Modi said in his Independence Day speech, “This rapidly increasing population poses variousnew challenges for us and our future generations.”

“Time has now come that we should take challenges head-on. Sometimes decisions are takenkeeping in mind political advantage but they come at the cost of growth of the future generationof our country. I would like to highlight the issue of population explosion…,” Modi had said.

Modi said, “In our society, there is a section which is very well aware of the consequences ofthe uncontrolled population growth. They all deserve accolades and respect. This is also theirexpression for their love for the nation…We should learn from them. We need to worry aboutthe population explosion.”

India with a current population size of 1.37 billion is the second-most populous country in theworld. India’s birth rates are falling but the population continues to grow due to the fact thatmore than 30 per cent of the population is young and in the reproductive age group.

Gender ratio

Gender ratio worsens in 5 Haryana districts (The Tribune: 201901220)

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/gender-ratio-worsens-in-5-hry-districts-14439

Sirsa and Bhiwani are among the five districts in the state that witnessed a negative growth inthe child sex ratio in the last one year. However, the state on the whole saw a 10 point increase(910 to 920 girls per 1,000 boys) with a positive growth in 15 districts. Yamunanagar showedno change from the previous year figures.

According to official sources, the civil registration system data showed that Sirsa, Bhiwani,Kaithal, Karnal and Sonepat districts recorded a decline in the gender ratio at birth over a yeartill October 2019 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017-18.

Sirsa lost the maximum points (34) and came down to 904 girls per 1,000 boys. Its ratio was938:1,000 in October 2018. Bhiwani too witnessed a decline as the ratio slipped to 894 girlsper 1,000 boys – a slide of 20 points in one year.

Kaithal, Karnal and Sonepat districts too have recorded a slide by 17, 11 and 6 points,respectively.

However, there is something to be upbeat about too as several districts, including Jhajjar andMahendragarh, which had earned notoriety of having the worst child sex ratio not only inHaryana but in the country a few years ago, have improved the gender ratio.

Leading the points tally, Panchkula improved by 53 points, putting the ratio to 970 girls per1,000 boys. Ambala (951 girls) comes second while Jhajjar district showed a remarkableincrease of 46 points with 908:1,000 ratio. Panipat, Fatehabad, Mahendragarh districts

Pollution

Telling Numbers: India had most deaths caused by pollution in 2017: newreport (The Indian Express: 201901220)

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/telling-numbers-india-had-most-deaths-caused-by-pollution-in-2017-new-report/

The report includes three lists on pollution-induced deaths. India is the only country thatfeatures in the top 10 in all three lists (right).


In 2017, pollution was responsible for 15% of all deaths globally, and 275 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years. India saw the most pollution deaths — about 2.3 million — a new reporthas found. The 2019 Pollution and Health Metrics: Global, Regional and Country Analysisreport from the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (GAHP) updates findings from TheLancet Commission on Pollution and Health, and provides a ranking of pollution deaths onglobal, regional and country levels. The report uses the most recent Global Burden of Diseasedata from the Institute of Health Metrics Evaluation.

pollution deaths, pollution in india, india population, indian express, pollution deaths explained

The top 10 countries with the most pollution deaths include both the world’s largest andwealthiest nations, and some of its poorer ones. India is followed by China in the number ofpollution deaths, with about 1.8 million. The United States makes the top 10 list with 1,97,000pollution-related deaths, while ranking 132nd in the number of deaths per 100,000 people.



In the list of top 10 countries with the most pollution-related deaths in proportion to theirpopulation, there are many smaller countries where the impact of pollution in relationpopulation size is more intense. Chad tops this list with 287 deaths for every 1,00,000 people,whereas India is at number 10 with 174 deaths for every 1,00,000 people.


The list of top 10 countries with the most deaths related to air pollution, significantly,corresponds closely to the list of top 10 countries with the most pollution-related deaths. Airpollution — both ambient and indoor — is one of the largest and most obvious types ofpollution affecting global health.

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Smoking

‘Turning point’ as number of male smokers drops: WHO (The Tribune:201901220)

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/%E2%80%98turning-point%E2%80%99-as-number-of-male-smokers-drops-who-14149

‘Turning point’ as number of male smokers drops: WHO

The number of male tobacco users is falling for the first time, the World Health Organisationsaid Thursday, hailing a “major shift” in efforts to kick the world’s deadly tobacco addiction.

The number of women and girls who use tobacco products has been steadily declining foryears.

But tobacco use among males—who account for the overwhelming majority of smokers—hasuntil now been expanding.

In a new report, the UN health agency hailed the beginning decline as a powerful indicationthat anti-smoking campaigns around the globe had begun to pay off.

But it warned that far more was needed to kick the addiction, which is estimated to kill someeight million people each year.

“Declines in tobacco use amongst males mark a turning point in the fight against tobacco,”WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement, saying the shift was “driven bygovernments being tougher on the tobacco industry.”

For the past two decades, global tobacco use has been slowly dwindling, from 1.397 billionusers in 2000 to 1.337 billion in 2018.

This means around 60 million fewer people were using tobacco products, even as the globalpopulations has swelled.

But that reduction has been strongly driven by declines in the number of women and girls usingtobacco products, WHO said, with the number dropping from 346 million in 2000 to 244million last year.

Over the same period, the number of male tobacco users rose by around 40 million, from 1.05billion to 1.093 billion.

But men, who today account for more than 80 percent of all tobacco users, are finally beginningto kick the habit.

Thursday’s report covers the use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, water pipes, smokeless productslike kretek and heated tobacco products, but not electronic cigarettes.

It shows that by 2020, the ranks of male users will shrink by two million people compared tolast year’s number, and by 2025, there are projected to be six million fewer male tobacco usersthan in 2018, so around 1.087 billion.

This marks “a major shift in the global tobacco epidemic,” Ruediger Krech, head of WHO’shealth promotion department, told reporters on a conference call.

“Fewer males using tobacco products means fewer people will suffer the avoidable pain anddeath that they cause,” he said.

WHO attributed the trend to a range of measures enacted around the world, including taxation,banning smoking in public places, and banning marketing of tobacco products.

The trend is even more positive when looking at both men and women, with the WHOforecasting that there will be a full 10 million fewer smokers, both sexes combined, next yearcompared to 2018.

And by 2025, that number is expected to shrink by another 27 million, down to 1.299 billiontobaco users worldwide.

WHO celebrated that around 60 per cent of countries have seen a decline in tobacco use since2010.

Despite these gains, the UN health agency cautioned that progress was moving too slowly andthat fewer than a third of countries were on track to meet a global target of slashing tobaccouse by 30 per cent by 2025 compared to 2010.

“We cannot be satisfied with the slow decline when over one billion people are still usingtobacco,” Krech said. — AFP

Suger (The Asian Age: 201901220)

http://onlineepaper.asianage.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=14309356

Cashless services’ - CGHS, ECHS: Hospitals

CGHS, ECHS: Hospitals to ‘stop cashless services’ if dues not paid in 30days(The Indian Express: 201901220)

https://indianexpress.com/article/business/cghs-echs-hospitals-to-stop-cashless-services-if-dues-not-paid-in-30-days-6175907/

https://indianexpress.com/article/business/cghs-echs-hospitals-to-stop-cashless-services-if-dues-not-paid-in-30-days-6175907/

Cashless services for the Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme (ECHS) may also besuspended, he said, adding that the association will wait for “about a month” for dues to becleared.

A CGHS facility. (Source: Express file Photo)

Several private hospitals empanelled under the Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS)have decided to suspend cashless services to beneficiaries of the healthcare programme if thehospitals’ dues are not paid in a month’s time, said an association representing them.

“We have tried all avenues of getting the dues cleared from the government … However, wehave not made any significant headway,” said Alex Thomas, president, Association ofHealthcare Providers India (AHPI). “It is now a question of survival for healthcare providers.We will continue to engage with the government, but if the issue is not resolved over the nextfew weeks, hospitals will be forced to stop cashless services to the beneficiaries,” he told TheIndian Express.

Cashless services for the Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme (ECHS) may also besuspended, he said, adding that the association will wait for “about a month” for dues to becleared.

The lobby group represents over 9,000 hospitals, including Max Healthcare, Fortis Healthcare,Narayana Health and Medanta–The Medicity, which currently provide cashless services toCGHS beneficiaries.

Estimates from AHPI peg outstanding dues to empanelled CGHS and ECHS hospitals at overRs 650 crore, but it is not clear how much of this has already been cleared by the government.

“This year so far, around Rs 1,400 crore has been released to service providers for cashlessservices. More payments are under process,” Alok Saxena, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Healthand Family Welfare, earlier told The Indian Express.

CGHS promises comprehensive medical care to approximately 35 lakh central governmentemployees and pensioners. Pensioners, ex- and sitting Members of Parliament, freedomfighters and employees serving at CGHS, Directorate General of Health Services and theHealth Ministry are entitled to cashless services at empanelled providers.

Pensioners and their dependents account for around 11 lakh of registered beneficiaries,government sources earlier said. It is not clear how many beneficiaries fall under the othercategories eligible for cashless services.

ECHS, which provides allopathic medicare to ex-servicemen pensioners and their dependents,is structured on the lines of CGHS to ensure cashless transactions. Over 18 lakh beneficiariesacross the country used services under ECHS in 2018-19, shows government data.

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Male smoker’s drops

In a first, number of male smokers drops: WHOIn a first, number of male smokers drops: WHO (Hindustan Times: 201901220)

https://epaper.hindustantimes.com/Home/ArticleView

Agence France-Presse

[email protected]

Geneva : The number of male tobacco users is falling for the first time, the World HealthOrganization said Thursday, hailing a “major shift” in efforts to kick the world’s deadlytobacco addiction.

The number of women and girls who use tobacco products has been steadily declining foryears. But tobacco use among males — who account for the overwhelming majority of smokers— has until now been expanding.

In a new report, the UN health agency hailed the beginning decline as a powerful indicationthat anti-smoking campaigns around the globe had begun to pay off.

But it warned that far more was needed to kick the addiction, which is estimated to kill someeight million people each year.

“Declines in tobacco use among males mark a turning point in the fight against tobacco,” WHOchief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement, saying the shift was “driven bygovernments being tougher on the tobacco industry”.

For the past two decades, global tobacco use has been slowly dwindling, from 1.397 billionusers in 2000 to 1.337 billion in 2018. This means around 60 million fewer people were usingtobacco products, even as the global populations has swelled.

But that reduction has been strongly driven by declines in the number of women and girls usingtobacco products, WHO said, with the number dropping from 346 million in 2000 to 244million last year.

Over the same period, the number of male tobacco users rose by around 40 million, from 1.05billion to 1.093 billion.

But men, who today account for more than 80% of all tobacco users, are finally beginning tokick the habit.

Thursday’s report covers the use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, water pipes, smokeless productslike kretek and heated tobacco products, but not electronic cigarettes.

It shows that by 2020, the ranks of male users will shrink by two million people compared tolast year’s number, and by 2025, there are projected to be six million fewer male tobacco usersthan in 2018, so around 1.087 billion.

This marks “a major shift in the global tobacco epidemic,” Ruediger Krech, head of WHO’shealth promotion department, told reporters on a conference call.

“Fewer males using tobacco products means fewer people will suffer the avoidable pain anddeath that they cause,” he said.

WHO attributed the trend to a range of measures enacted around the world, including taxation,banning smoking in public places, and banning marketing of tobacco products.

The trend is even more positive when looking at both men and women, with the WHOforecasting that there will be a full 10 million fewer smokers, both sexes combined, next yearcompared to 2018.

And by 2025, that number is expected to shrink by another 27 million, down to 1.299 billiontobacco users worldwide.

WHO celebrated that around 60% of countries have seen a decline in tobacco use since 2010.

Despite these gains, the UN health agency cautioned that progress was moving too slowly andthat fewer than a third of countries were on track to meet a global target of slashing tobaccouse by 30% by 2025 compared to 2010.

“We cannot be satisfied with the slow decline when over one billion people are still usingtobacco,” Krech said.

Breast cancer treatment

WHO moves a step closer to cheaper breast cancer treatment? (The Hindu:201901220)

https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/who-moves-step-closer-to-cheaper-breast-cancer-treatment/article30345252.ece

A WHO statement says the Trastuzumab drug has shown “high efficacy” in curing early stagebreast cancer and in some cases more advanced forms of the disease

The World Health Organization (WHO) announced Wednesday that it had for the first timeapproved a “biosimilar” medicine — one derived from living

UNICEF

Protests a reminder children’s voice must be heard: UNICEF (The Times ofIndia: 201901220)

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/protests-a-reminder-childrens-voice-must-be-heard-unicef/articleshow/72894638.cms

Amid demonstrations by children and youth taking place across the world, the United NationsChildren’s Fund (UNICEF) called on all member countries to protect children against violenceand uphold their rights to express themselves in a safe environment, free from violence andintimidation.

Standing up for rights of children protesting across the world, Unicef executive directorHenrietta Fore said these protests are a reminder that voices of children and adolescents mustbe heard and their rights protected. She also urged the member countries to protect childrenfrom violence and respect their right to speak up and be heard.

“It is incumbent on member states to ensure that children can exercise this right in a safe andpeaceful manner,” Fore said.

Children and young people from around the world have taken to the streets in recent months todemand their rights.

Live longe

Trips to museums & art galleries may help you live longe (The Times ofIndia: 201901220)

Read more at:

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/72895324.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

Read more at:

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Belly fat may reduce mental agility

Belly fat may reduce mental agility from midlife onward (Medical NewsToday: 201901220)

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327361.php#3

A study of thousands of middle-aged and older people has linked having more body fat andless muscle mass to changes in mental flexibility with age. The research also suggests thatchanges to the immune system may play a role.

New research shows why having more body fat than muscle mass can affect cognition frommidlife onward.

Researchers from Iowa State University (ISU) in Ames analyzed data on 4,431 males andfemales with an average age of 64.5 years and no cognitive impairments.

They report their findings in a recent Brain, Behavior, and Immunity paper.

The data came from the U.K. Biobank, which is tracking the health and well-being of 0.5million volunteers around the United Kingdom. The volunteers were between 40 and 69 yearsof age when they enrolled during 2006–2010.

The researchers examined the relationship that variations in abdominal subcutaneous fat andlean muscle mass had with changes in fluid intelligence over a 6 year period.

Fluid intelligence refers to reasoning, thinking abstractly, and solving problems in novelsituations, regardless of how much knowledge the person has acquired.

The analysis showed that fluid intelligence tended to reduce with age in those participants whocarried more abdominal fat.

In contrast, having more muscle mass appeared to protect against this decline. The team alsofound that the effect of muscle mass was greater than that of having more body fat.

These links remained even after the researchers adjusted the results to remove the effects ofpotential influencers, such as chronological age, socioeconomic status, and educational level.

Biologica, not chronological, age has effect

"Chronological age doesn't seem to be a factor in fluid intelligence decreasing over time," saysAuriel A. Willette, Ph.D., assistant professor of food science and human nutrition at ISU. "Itappears to be biological age, which, here, is the amount of fat and muscle."

He and his colleagues also investigated the role of the immune system in the links betweenfluid intelligence, fat, and muscle.

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Other studies have found that having a higher body mass index (BMI) is often associated withincreased immune activity in the blood. This activity can trigger immune reactions in the brainthat disrupt memory and thinking.

Those studies have not been able to pinpoint whether higher fat, muscle mass, or both triggerthe immune activity because BMI does not distinguish between them.

When Willette and colleagues looked at what was happening in the immune systems of theirU.K. Biobank participants, they found differences between males and females.

In the females, they found that changes in two types of white blood cell — lymphocytes andeosinophils — accounted for all of the link between increased abdominal fat and reduced fluidintelligence.

The explanation for males, however, was very different. For these participants, about half ofthe link between body fat and fluid intelligence involved basophils, another type of white bloodcell.

The team found no involvement of the immune system in the protective effect of higher musclemass.

The importance of resistance training

With advancing middle age, there is a tendency for the body to reduce lean muscle and increasefat.

This trend continues into older age. First study author Brandon S. Klinedinst, a Ph.D. studentin neuroscience at ISU, says that it is especially important for people as they approach middleage to continue to exercise to maintain muscle mass.

Resistance training, he suggests, is particularly important for females in their middle yearsbecause they have a greater tendency toward reduced muscle mass than males.

The team believs that the findings could pave the way to new treatments that help aging adultsmaintain mental flexibility, particularly if they have obesity, are not physically active, orexperience the loss of lean muscle that usually accompanies aging.

"If you eat alright and do at least brisk walking some of the time, it might help you withmentally staying quick on your feet."

Cells

What causes cells to age? (Medical News Today: 201901220)


Scientists recently discovered an unexpected role for a protein they associate with prematureaging. They showed that it is a master regulator of cellular senescence and argue its loss leadsto normal aging.

Can scientists slow down aging?

Aging is an inevitable part of our lives. But an increasingly aging population poses publichealth challenges.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the number of people inthe United States aged 65 years and older will reach around 71 million in the next 10 years.

But what actually happens when we age? Scientists are working on a number of theories.

Researchers from the Institut Pasteur in Paris in France have been studying a protein calledCockayne syndrome B (CSB), which is involved in the repair of damaged DNA and prematureaging.

Writing in the journal Nature Communications, the team explain that the levels of this proteinnaturally decline as cells age, kickstarting a process known as cellular senescence.

Senescence and aging

Senescence is a cellular process that limits a cell's ability to multiply. It usually happens whenstress factors cause substantial damage to a cell.

A senescent cell is alive but cannot divide. It has an active metabolism and secretes signalingmolecules to communicate with other cells. This can be beneficial, such as during woundhealing, or detrimental, in the case of chronic inflammation.

People living with Cockayne syndrome have a mutated form of the CSB protein, leading topremature aging and other symptoms.

Miria Ricchetti, senior study author, and her colleagues set out to investigate if CSB may havea role in driving normal aging.




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"We had previously shown that the absence or impairment of CSB is also responsible fordysfunction of mitochondria, the power plant of cells," she explains. "This new study revealsthe very same alterations in replicative senescence, a process strictly linked to physiologicalaging."

Delaying senescence

For their research, the team artificially reduced the amount of CSB protein in skin cells grownin laboratory cell culture. As a result, the cells stopped replicating and became senescent.

However, in control cells that the researchers left to divide, they also noticed that the levels ofCSB gradually began to drop off.

"Depletion of CSB was surprising since we did not expect this protein to have a regulatoryfunction, and that this regulatory capacity is mediated by the levels of the protein itself,"Ricchetti told Medical News Today.

"We did not expect that lower levels of the functional protein have such a dramatic effect onproliferation of normal cells," she continued.

Ricchetti's research points to an epigenetic process, meaning that the DNA in the affected cellsis modified without introducing mutations. This allows for changes in the activity of genes,effectively switching them on or off.

What causes these epigenetic changes is unclear at this point.

Importantly, the team may have found a way to work around this pathway. By exposing thecells to a compound called MnTBAP that mops up free radicals, they were able to stave offsenescence for a limited time.

While the compound had no effect on the levels of CSB, it blocked a part of the prosenescentpathway downstream of CSB.

Ricchetti explained to MNT that many more tests will be needed before MnTBAP is availableas a medicine.

"In these last years, it has been demonstrated, at least as proof of principle in laboratory models,that some aspects of physiological or pathological aging can be delayed or ameliorated,opening new perspectives for the regulation of this hitherto considered irreversible process."

Ultra-processed foods

Ultra-processed foods may raise the risk of type 2 diabetes (Medical NewsToday: 201901220)


Sugary drinks, packaged snacks, and ready-made meals all count as ultra-processed foods —that is, foods that contain a higher number of additives and last longer because of the addedpreservatives. New research suggests that these foods also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Some packaged foods may be ultra-processed and raise the risk of type 2 diabetes, accordingto new research.

Research has linked ultra-processed foods with conditions such as cancer, obesity, andcardiovascular disease, as well as with a higher risk of premature mortality.

These foods are prevalent in Western diets, and the Western world has also seen a surge in theincidence of diabetes in recent decades. Are ultra-processed foods and type 2 diabetes linked?And if so, how?

Bernard Srour, Ph.D., of the Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center–University of Parisin France, and his team of researchers set out to answer this question.

They did so by examining the dietary habits of more than 100,000 people.

The results of their analysis appear in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine.

Ultra-processed foods and diabetes

Srour and team carried out a population-based prospective cohort study in which they included104,707 adult participants who had participated in the French NutriNet-Santé study. Of theseparticipants, 21,800 were men, and 82,907 were women.

The NutriNet-Santé study spanned a decade, running from 2009 to 2019. The researcherscollected data on the dietary intake of the participants using repeated 24 hour dietary recordsthat asked them about their consumption of about 3,500 different foods.

Using the NOVA classification system, the researchers classified the 3,500 food itemsaccording to their degree of processing. There were four categories: unprocessed/minimallyprocessed foods, culinary ingredients, processed foods, and ultra-processed foods.

The researchers used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, which they adjusted forthe known risk factors for type 2 diabetes, such as sociodemographic background, lifestyle,and medical history.

Ultra-processed foods may raise risk

Srour and colleagues found a consistent association between the absolute amount of ultra-processed food consumption, which they measured in grams per day, and the risk of type 2diabetes.




"In this large observational prospective study, a higher proportion of [ultra-processed foods] inthe diet was associated with a higher risk of [type 2 diabetes]," conclude the authors. Srour andcolleagues add:

"Even though these results need to be confirmed in other populations and settings, they provideevidence to support efforts by public health authorities to recommend limiting [ultra-processedfood] consumption."

The researchers say that ultra-processed foods are a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

They also point to countries such as France and Brazil, whose public health authorities havealready started encouraging the population to eat minimally processed foods and avoid ultra-processed ones as a precautionary measure.

What might explain the link?

The researchers did not single out one type of food or ingredient but instead looked at thecumulative effect of ultra-processed foods on type 2 diabetes risk.

The authors recommend caution in interpreting the associations that they found. Most of theadditives in ultra-processed foods "are likely to be neutral for long-term health, and some mayeven be beneficial," they write, giving antioxidants as an example.

However, there are other compounds that recent studies in mice and in vitro have suggestedmay be harmful.

For instance, "carrageenan, a thickening and stabilizing agent, [...] might contribute to thedevelopment of diabetes by impairing glucose tolerance, increasing insulin resistance, andinhibiting insulin signaling," write the authors.

Nonetheless, they caution that more research in humans is necessary before drawingconclusions about the harms of such compounds.

Chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), which are often present in plasticpackaging, may contaminate many ultra-processed foods.

BPA and phthalates may disrupt endocrine function, and the authors note that some recentmeta-analyses have shown that high concentrations of these compounds are associated with ahigher risk of type 2 diabetes.

Furthermore, research has associated metabolites that form as a result of high-temperaturecooking — such as acrylamide and acrolein metabolites — with insulin resistance.

"Finally, industrial partial oil hydrogenation may lead to the creation of trans unsaturated fattyacids in products containing hydrogenated oils," mention the authors. "Although still debated,trans fats were linked to increased risks of heart disease and [type 2 diabetes]," they note.

Nevertheless, Srour and team conclude:

"Additional research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms underlying the presentobservations."

Nutrition / DietDiabetesDiabetes Type 2

Heart Diseases (Hindustan: 201901220)

https://epaper.livehindustan.com/imageview_451443_47486400_4_1_20-12-2019_22_i_1_sf.html

Migrain (Hindustan: 201901220)

https://epaper.livehindustan.com/imageview_451443_47486710_4_1_20-12-2019_22_i_1_sf.html

रेि�परेटरी िस�टम

ब�च�म�सांस से जुड़ी सम�याओंको पहचानना अ�सर होता है मुि�कल, जान�इ�ह�समझने का तरीका (Dainik

Gagaran: 201901220)

https://www.onlymyhealth.com/what-parents-need-to-know-about-respiratory-distress-in-kids-during-winters-in-hindi-1576747647?utm_source=Jagran&utm_medium=Referral&utm_campaign=Jagran_OMH

ब�च�म�सांस से जड़ुी सम�याओं को पहचानना अ�सर होता है मिु�कल, जान�इ�ह�समझने का तरीका

ब�च�के रेि�परेटरी िस�टम के िकसी भी ऑग�न म�इफें�शन आसानी से फैलता है �य�िक उनक�इ�यिुनटी �यादा ��ग नह�होती।

मानव शरीर म�रेि�परेटरी िस�टम यानी िक �सन तं�म�नाक, गले, �लोिटस, िवंड पाइप से श�ुहोता है और ये ��कोइलस से फेफड़�तक एि�वयोली

से भरा होता ह।ै एि�वयोली, जो अंगूर के आकार का होता ह।ै इसम�सजून, या �कावट आने के कारण ही िकसा को भी �सन यानी सांस से जड़ुी

परेशािनयां हो सकती ह�। वह�िदल, मि�त�क या बुखार क�कुछ अ�य िचिक�सा सम�याएं भी �सन संकट को ि�गर कर सकती ह�। ब�च�का बात

कर�, तो ये परेशानी उनम�और गंभीर हो जाती ह।ै जब आप एक ब�चे को तेजी से सांस लेते ह�ए देखते ह�और इसे करने म�उसे कोई भी परेशानी हो

तो समझ जाए िक उसे �सन संबंधी कोई परेशानी ह।ै अगर साँस लेना छाती म�, �रब िपंजरे म�या ऊपरी पेट या गद�न म�, िबना थकान या पसीने के

साथ जड़ुी िविभ�न �कार क��य सांस क�आवाज�के साथ है तो ये और गंभीर �प म�ह।ै वह�मां-बाप के िलए इसे पहचानना मिु�कल हो जाता

ह।ै इसिलए आइए जानते ह�िक माता-िपता को कैसे पता चलेगा िक उनके ब�च�को �या सम�या ह।ै

सिद�य�म�ब�च�म�होने वाली सांस से जड़ुी परेशानी को कैसे पहचान�?

हमारे शरीर क�कोिशकाओ ं को जीिवत रहने के िलए और सांस �ारा र� से काब�न डाइऑ�साइड को हटाने के िलए ऑ�सीजन क�आव�यकताहोती ह।ै यह सामा�य �प से एक सामा�य �व�थ ब�चे म�परेू िदन अनजाने म�डाया�ाम के उपयोग के साथ होता ह।ै लेिकन िकसी भी िचिक�सा

रोग�के कारण, अगर पया��ऑ�सीजन का उपयोग कोिशकाओ ं तक नह�होता ह,ै तो उपयोग म�विृ�या आपिूत�म�कमी के कारण ये फेफड़े काब�न

डाइऑ�साइड को िनकालने म�स�म नह�होते ह�। यह र�पीएच �तर कर दतेा ह।ै यह तेजी से सांस लेने, गहरी रैि�पंग के मा�यम से �ितिबंिबत

होता ह,ै कभी-कभी पीछे हटने, नाक बहने और ��य शोर क�आवाज़ के साथ आती ह।ै अगर आपके ब�च�म�इस तरह क�कोई भी परेशानी िदखे

तो समय पर इलाज करवा ल�, नह�तो ये गंभीर सांस क�तकलीफ का �प भी ले सकती ह।ै

इसे भी पढ़�: मुंह से सांस लेने क�आदत ब�च�के िलए हो सकती है खतरनाक, जान�5 बड़े खतरे और कारण

ब�च�म�सांस क�तकलीफ से जड़ुी सम�याएं �या ह�?

िनमोिनया

फेफड़े क�खराबी

अ�थमा

��काइिटस

फेफड़�के फोड़े

�सन �णाली म�कोई भी परेशानी

गंभीर लैर�गाइिटस

पे�रटोनिसलर फोड़ा आिद

िकस आयु वग�म�अितसंवेदनशील होते ह�?

सं�ामक रोग�के कारण �सन संबंधी सं�मण के साथ-साथ सामा�य बीमारी का भी िह�सा हो सकता ह।ै रेि�परेटरी िस�टम के िकसी भी ऑग�न म�

सं�मण होना इसे और संवेदनशीलता से बना सकता ह।ैवह�ब�चे 3 से 6 वष�क�आयु के ह�तो उनम�ये और पेचीदा हो जाता ह।ै ऐसे म�समय

रहते टीकाकरण कर िलया जाए, तो ब�च�को टीके से बचाव यो�य बीमा�रय�से बचाया जा सकता ह।ै साथ ही बड़े ब�च�क�तुलना म�छोटे ब�च�क�सं�या कम ही होती ह।ै ऐसा इसिलए �य�िक तब तक उनका इिम�यटूी िब�ट हो चकुा होता ह।ै साथ ही ज�रत इस बात क�है िक आप सिद�य�

म�अपने ब�च�का थोड़ा �यादा �याल रख�। वह�अगर आप अपने ब�चे को तेज गित से सांस लेते ह�ए देखते ह�, , तो आपको डॉ�टर से परामश�लेना चािहए। वह�ये भी समझ ल�िक सांस क�तकलीफ का कोई घरेलू उपचार नह�ह�।

इसे भी पढ़�: ब�च�के िलए खतरनाक हो सकती है डाइिटंग, जान�3 कारण और मोटापा घटाने का सही तरीका

ऐसे म�ब�च�के िलए �या िकया जा सकता ह?ै

�सन संकट के कारण ब�च�को गंभीर परेशािनयां देखने को िमल सकती ह�। ऐसे म�ब�चे का ए�स-रे, �लड टे�ट और �कैन �ारा �सन संकट काकारण खोजने के िलए जांच करवाएं। िफर उपचार इ�ह�कारण�पर िनभ�र करता ह।ै �सन संकट से पीिड़त रोिगय�म�से कई को न केवल अ�पताल

म�भत�होने क�आव�यकता होती ह,ै बि�क बाल िचिक�सा आईसीयू और कभी-कभी व�िटलेटर केयर म�भी िनगरानी क�जाती ह।ै अगर रोग तेजी

से और गंभीर �प से िवकिसत होता है तो ऐसे म�मां-बाप तुरंत ब�चे को लेकर अ�पताल जाना चािहए।

Population stabilisationGender ratioPollution Smoking SugerCashless services’ - CGHS, ECHS: HospitalsMale smoker’s dropsBreast cancer treatmentUNICEFLive LongeObesity CellsUltra-processed foodsHeart DiseasesMigrain रेस्पिरेटरी सिस्टम

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