St. Peter’s CollegeSabayle St., Iligan City

GRADUATE STUDIES

Instructional Leadership

Presented to: Prof. Teresita M. Sambo, Ph.D.

LEADERSHIP

PROCESSES

Leadership is about setting direction and helping people do the right things.

However, it can involve so much more than this!In particular, leadership is a long-term process in which

– in a very real and practical way – all actions have consequences, and "what goes around comes around."Dunham and Pierce's Leadership Process Model helps

you think about this, and understand why it's important to adopt a positive and long-term approach to

leadership.We'll look at the model in this article, and we'll explore why it's so important to understand it. We'll also look at

how you can apply the model's lessons to your own situation.

What is the Leadership Process Model?

The Leadership Process Model was developed by Randall B. Dunham and Jon Pierce, and was published in their 1989 book "Managing." You can see our interpretation of the model in

figure 1, below. (We've redrawn this for clarity.)

Figure 1 – The Leadership Process

MANAGEMENT STYLEManagers have to perform many roles in an organization and

how they handle various situations will depend on their style of management. A management style is an overall method of

leadership used by a manager. There are two sharply contrasting styles that will be broken down into smaller subsets later:

1. Autocratic2. Permissive

Each style has its own characteristics:Autocratic: Leader makes all decisions unilaterally.

Permissive: Leader permits subordinates to take part in decision making and also gives them a considerable degree of autonomy

in completing routine work activities.

Directive Democrat: Makes decisions participatively; closely supervises subordinates.Directive Autocrat: Makes decisions unilaterally; closely supervises subordinates.Permissive Democrat: Makes decisions participatively; gives subordinates latitude in carrying out their work.Permissive Autocrat: Makes decisions unilaterally; gives subordinates latitude in carrying out their work.

PLANNING (also called forethought) is the process of thinking about and organizing the activities required to achieve a desired goal.Planning involves the creation and maintenance of a plan. As such, planning is a fundamental property of intelligent behavior. This thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of a plan, or integration of it with other plans; that is, it combines forecasting of developments with the preparation of scenarios of how to react to them.Example of planning process framework.

Patrick Montana and Bruce Charnov outline a three-step result-oriented process for planning:1. Choosing a destination2. Evaluating alternative routes, and3. Deciding the specific course of your plan.In organizations, planning is a management process, concerned with defining goals for company's future direction and determining on the missions and resources to achieve those targets. To meet the goals, managers may develop plans such as a business plan or a marketing plan. Planning always has a purpose. The purpose may be achievement of certain goals or targets.

INFORMATION

AND COMMUNICATION

Communication is necessarily a two-way process. A communication strategy will evolve and adapt over time in response to many inputs. To shape a strategy that is meaningful and, as a result, effective, leaders should incorporate each of the four drivers, as appropriate to the situation.Superficially, communication appears to be deceptively simple -write an email or send a memo. In fact, it's a complex process that must be addressed from many angles to achieve the best results. Leaders must understand all components of the communication process to apply them effectively.To have impact, careful communication planning and management, and clarity and consistency of messages are key factors. Unfortunately, many communication efforts focus only on the delivery of a message, and neglect the vital planning and management of the process. The speed and volume offered by technology through such channels as email and intranet, are often erroneously equated to effective communication.

This model shows the three integrated communication roles a leader plays:

TIME MANAGEMENT

“Time management” refers to the way that you organize and plan how long you spend on specific activities.It may seem counter-intuitive to dedicate precious time to learning about time management, instead of using it to get on with your work, but the benefits are enormous :1. Greater productivity and efficiency.2. A better professional reputation.3. Less stress.4.Increased opportunities for advancement.5.Greater opportunities to achieve important life and career goals.Failing to manage your time effectively can have some very undesirable consequences:1. Missed deadlines.2. Inefficient work flow.3. Poor work quality.

A poor professional reputation and a stalled career.Higher stress levels.

DELEGATION

Effective delegation is crucial for management and leadership succession. For the successor, and for the manager or leader too: the main task of a manager in a growing thriving organization is ultimately to develop a successor. When this happens everyone can move on to higher things. When it fails to happen the succession and progression becomes dependent on bringing in new people from outside.

Delegation can be used to develop your people and yourself - delegation is not just a management technique

for freeing up the boss's time. Of course there is a right way to do it.

These delegation tips and techniques are useful for bosses - and for anyone

seeking or being given delegated responsibilities