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Chapter 14

Managing Information Systems

andTechnology


Our Agenda Planning for Information Systems

and Technology Acquiring Information Technology Organizing Information Systems

Activities Controlling and Securing

Information Systems


Our Agenda (cont’d.) The Effects of Information

Technology on Employment Ethical Management of Information

Systems and Technology


Learning Objectives Identify several factors that should

be considered in planning for information systems and technology.

Describe common sources for acquiring information technology.

Describe the traditional organizational structure of an information systems department.


Learning Objectives (cont’d.) List the specialized personnel

needed for World Wide Web and electronic commerce support.

Identify methods used by organizations to control and secure their information systems.


Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Describe different forms of

computer crime and ways of preventing them.

List several effects of information technology on employment.


Planning for Information Systems and Technology


andTechnology


Planning for Information Systems and Technology

The planning activity involves determining what should be done.

Planning for information systems and technology involves determining what systems will be developed and what technology will be used in the future.


Planning for Information Systems and Technology (cont’d.)

The planning horizon can involve varying amounts of time. Operational planning – a few weeks to

a few months. Tactical planning – several months to a

few years Strategic planning – several years to a

decade or more



Planning involves evaluating risk. Risk is often related to three

factors:1. Size of the system development

project.2. Familiarity of the business with

information technology used in the new system.

3. Amount of structure in the systems development process.



Planning what information systems should be developed and what technology should be used involves selecting an application portfolio.

An application portfolio is a description of what systems will be developed, and when, as well as an assessment of the risk associated with each system.


Acquiring Information Technology


andTechnology


Acquiring Information Technology Five categories of information

technology to be purchased: Hardware Software Networks Data management Personnel and training


Hardware Computer hardware can be

purchased from a number of sources. They include: Computer manufacturers Distributors Retail stores Value added resellers


Software Software can be developed from

scratch, purchased as a package, or purchased and then modified. Sources include: Developed or modified

In-house programmers Contract programmers


Software (cont’d.) Purchased

Computer manufacturers Software companies Retail stores Value added resellers


Networks Technology for networks can be

acquired from a number of sources. They include: Network companies Computer manufacturers Software companies Value added resellers Telecommunications companies Value added network companies


Data Management Acquiring data management

technology first requires a decision about the basic approach to data management.

Sources include: Computer manufacturers Software companies Database software companies


Personnel and Training Managers can select personnel

from inside the organization or hire from the outside.

Training departments with full-time instructors provide courses and other forms of training.

Computer Based Training (CBT) software is used to train users online.


Organizing Information Systems Activities


andTechnology


Organizing Information Systems Activities Centralized versus decentralized

management. Both management structures have

advantages. Centralized is more economical with

no duplication of personnel. Decentralized provides better

response to user needs due to their proximity.


Organizing Information Systems Activities (cont’d.) In a centralized management

structure, decisions related to the information systems and technology are made by a single, centrally located group of managers.


Organizing Information Systems Activities (cont’d.) In a decentralized management

structure, decisions related to the information systems and technology are made by managers working in local departments or groups.


Information Systems Organizational Structure Department may be called

Information Systems (IS), Management Information Systems (MIS), Information Technology (IT), or something similar.

Headed by an information systems manager, sometimes called a Chief Information Officer (CIO).


Information Systems Organizational Structure (cont’d.)

Traditional organization of an information systems department: Systems department Operations department Technical support department End-user support department WWW and electronic commerce

support


Systems Department

Concerned with developing and maintaining information systems.

Staff includes: Systems analysts Programmers, sometimes called

application programmers Programmer/Analyst when a person

performs both functions


Operations Department

Concerned with operating the computer and network equipment needed in information systems.

Staff includes: Computer operators Data entry operators


Technical Support Department

Provides assistance in technical specialties to other areas.

Staff includes: Database administrator System programmers Network analysts Network administrators


End-user Support Department

Helps users develop and use computer applications, mainly on personal computers.

Staff includes: Personal computer analysts Help desk operators Technical trainers


WWW and Electronic Commerce Support

People involved in Web and e-commerce support are often part of the system development area in the information systems department.

Staff includes: Webmaster Web programmers Multimedia developers E-commerce project manager


Controlling and Securing Information Systems


andTechnology


Controlling and Securing Information Systems Information system controls

Application controls – designed to ensure that the application processes all data correctly and produces the desired output.

Input controls Data validation Output controls Storage controls Processing controls


Controlling and Securing Information Systems (cont’d.)

Hardware controls Error-checking hardware Parity bits Duplicate or redundant hardware RAID disk system – Redundant Array of

Inexpensive Disks Fault-tolerant computer systems Uninterruptible Power Supply – UPS


Controlling and Securing Information Systems (cont’d.)

Failure recovery procedures Backup and recovery procedures Disaster recovery plan

Information system security Physical security Electronic security


Controlling and Securing Information Systems (cont’d.) Preventing computer crime

requires special forms of security. Common computer crimes include: Theft of money Theft of data Theft and destruction of hardware Illegal copying of software Destruction of data and software


The Effects of Information Technology on Employment


andTechnology


The Effects of Information Technology on Employment The effects of information

technology on employment include: Displaced employees Changing patterns of work Employee health


Ethical Management of Information Systems and Technology


andTechnology


Ethical Management of Information Systems and Technology

Ethical issues include: Privacy – what information should

remain confidential Accuracy – is the information accurate Property – who owns the information Access – who needs to have access to

the information


Managing Information Systems and Technology

Key Terms


Key Terms Application Portfolio Application Programmer Chief Information Officer (CIO) Computer-Based Training (CBT) Computer Operator Data Entry Operator E-commerce Project Manager

Fault-Tolerant Computer System Hacker Help Desk Help Desk Operator Information Center Information Systems Manager Multimedia Developer


Key Terms (cont’d.) Network Analyst (Administrator) Personal Computer Analyst Planning Horizon Programmer/Analyst Public Domain Software Shareware Site License

Software License Agreement Software Piracy System Programmer Technical Trainer UPS Value Added Reseller (VAR) Virus


Key Terms (cont’d.) Webmaster Web Programmer


Summary Planning for Information Systems

and Technology Acquiring Information Technology Organizing Information Systems

Activities Controlling and Securing

Information Systems


Summary (cont’d.) The Effects of Information

Technology on Employment Ethical Management of Information

Systems and Technology

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lead black slide powered by desiamore1. 2 chapter 14 managing information systems and technology

Documents

desiamore slide

information systems

technology contd

operational planning

planning horizon

tactical planning

systems development

learning objectives