le-meridian, new delhi february 5, 2015 dr vinod tare iit kanpur environmental flows for strategic...

Le-Meridian, New DelhiFebruary 5, 2015

Dr Vinod TareIIT Kanpur

Environmental Flows for Strategic Planning For the Ganga Basin

Workshop on

Environmental Flows for Strategic Planning for the Ganga Basin

Thursday, February 5, 2015 Le Meridien Hotel

New Delhi

Session 3: Ganga River Basin – Values and Environmental Flows

An Ecosystem Services Perspective




Ganga River Basin Management PlanGRBMP




Ecosystem Services

1. Provisioning Services or Products which are visible and tradable items such as food, freshwater, fiber and energy;

2. Regulating Services e.g. flood attenuation, groundwater recharge, ingress of sea, prevention of salt water intrusion;

3. Supporting Services e.g. nutrient recycling, soil formation, biodiversity maintenance; and

4. Cultural Services e.g. recreation, spiritual fulfillment

Agriculture &

Food Security

Ecosystem

ServicesDisea

ses &

Hea

lthc

are

Energy

Water Supply, Sanitation &

Industrial Pollution

Health

of

Water

Bod

ies

Most Sensitive Sectors

River Health Eco-Hydrology

Ecology - Biotic

Ecology – Abiotic

Hydrology

Water Quality and Pollution

Sediment

Socio-Cultural

Socio-Economic

Eco System Services – Use and Non Use or Tangible and In-Tangible




Biodiversity of River Ganga

Synthesizes three major eco-regions of India situated along different climatic gradients

the Himalayan mountainous region in the upper reach,

the Gangetic plains in the middle reach, and

the estuarine region (including the Hooghly-Matlah delta) in the lower reach

Indicative Biological Profile of Different Stretches of River Ganga

Riverstretch

Algal ratioD* G* BG*

SpecificZoobenthos

FishFamilies/ RET

species

Carps/ Catfishes / AllFish taxa

Characteristicfish species

HigherVertebrates

Upper GangaUG1

(Gangotri to Gangnani)

100:6:0(33, 2, 0)Total: 36Other: 1

Plecoptera, Tricoptera,Ephemeroptera,Diptera

/ NoVertebrates

UG2(Gangnani to

Devprayag)

100:17:5(123, 21, 6)Total: 151Other: 1

Plecoptera,Tricoptera,Ephemeroptera,Diptera,Coleoptera

4/ 14 (23/6/35) Snow Trout (Schizothorax richardsonii)

NoVertebrates

UG3 (Devprayag to

Haridwar)

100:14:13(95, 13, 12)Total: 123Other: 3

Tricoptera, Ephemeroptera, Diptera,Odonata

12/ 8 (25/7/42) GoldenMahseer(Tor putitora)

NoVertebrates

Riverstretch


SpecificZoobenthos

FishFamilies/ RET

species



HigherVertebrates

Middle GangaMG1-MG3

(Haridwar to Fatehgarh)

100:36:15(100,36, 15)Total: 154Other: 3

Tricoptera, Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Odonata

25/ 15 (46/14/109) IMC, Catfishes Turtles, Ghariyals, Gangetic Dolphins

MG4-MG5 (Fatehgarh to

Varanasi)

100:67:36(149, 100, 54)

Total: 322Other: 119

Tricoptera, Coleoptera

24/ 12 (34/28/92) IMC, Catfishes Gangetic Dolphins,

Turtles

Lower GangaLGA

(Varanasi- to Farakka)

100:118: 105(81, 96, 85)Total: 285Other: 23

Tricoptera, Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Annelids, Mollusca

35/ 16 (41/31/121) IMC, Catfishes Dolphins,Turtles


Riverstretch


SpecificZoobenthos

FishFamilies/

RETspecies



Highervertebrates

LGB Farakka to

Ganga Sagar)

100:161: 220(127, 205, 279)

Total: 652Other: 41

Thysanura, Collembola,

Annelids,Mollusca,

Echinoderms

37/ 12 (16/27/172)

IMC, Catfishes,

Hilsa, Polynems

paradiseus,Liza parsia,Harpodon

neherus

Turtles, Ghariyals, GangeticDolphins,Porpoises,Crocodiles

: A couple of brown trout Salmo trutta fario were cited by Nautiyal (2007); D* G* BG*= Diatoms, Green algae, Blue green algae; RET= Rare, Endangered, Threatened; IMC= Indian major carps; CF= Cat fishes





Threats to Biodiversity of River Ganga

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat Shrinkage

Habitat Alterations

Habitat Pollution

Habitat Invasion by Alien Species

Habitat Encroachment

Habitat Disturbances

Habitat Malnutrition




Ecosystem Services: LossesDecline of Fish Catch per km at Allahabad between 1950 to 2010

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1343.64

1168.03

529.7

664.88

332.57

361.5

300

Decades

Catc

h/K

m (

Kg

)

Jan

(1-1

0)

Jan

(11-

20)

Jan

(21-

31)

Feb(

1-10

)

Feb(

11-2

0)

Feb

(21-

28)

Mar(1

-10)

Mar(1

1-20

)

Mar (2

1-31

)

Apr(1

-10)

Apr(1

1-20

)

Apr (2

1-30

)

May(1

-10)

May(1

1-20

)

May(2

1-30

)

Jun(

1-10

)

Jun(

11-2

0)

Jun(

21-3

0)

Jul(1

-10)

Jul(1

1-20

)

Jul(2

1-31

)

Aug(1

-10)

Aug(1

1-20

)

Aug(2

1-31

)

Sep(

1-10

)

Sep(

11-2

0)

Sep(

21-3

0)

Oct(1

-10)

Oct(1

1-20

)

Oct(2

1-31

)

Nov(1

-10)

Nov(1

1-20

)

Nov(2

1-30

)

Dec(1

-10)

Dec(1

1-20

)

Dec (2

1-30

)0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Average Virgin Flow90% Dependable FlowEnvironmental FlowsMinimum Ecological Requirement

Norm

alized D

ischarg

e(a

s %

of

Max 1

0-d

aily V

irgin

Flo

w)

Jan

(1-1

0)

Jan

(11-

20)

Jan

(21-

31)

Feb(

1-10

)

Feb(

11-2

0)

Feb

(21-

28)

Mar(1

-10)

Mar(1

1-20

)

Mar (2

1-31

)

Apr(1

-10)

Apr(1

1-20

)

Apr (2

1-30

)

May(1

-10)

May(1

1-20

)

Oct(1

1-20

)

Oct(2

1-31

)

Nov(1

-10)

Nov(1

1-20

)

Nov(2

1-30

)

Dec(1

-10)

Dec(1

1-20

)

Dec (2

1-30

)0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24Average Virgin Flow90% Dependable FlowEnvironmental FlowsMinimum Ecological Requirement

Norm

alized D

ischarg

e(a

s %

of

Max

10-d

aily V

irgin

Flo

w)

Typical 10 Daily HydrographBasis Minimum Ecological

Requirement as % of Virgin Flows

E-Flows as % of Average Virgin Flow

E-Flows as % of 90 % Dependable Flows

Wet Period 32.59 46.13 61.04Dry Period 32.96 53.12 67.23

Total 32.67 47.54 62.29

Marginal to Poor or DeadExcellent to Very GoodVery Good to Marginal

River Health




E-Flows and River Health

Scientific and Social Aspect or Only Scientific

E-Flows Only for Hydropower and not for domestic, industrial and agriculture

Highly Modified and Near Pristine

Perennial and Seasonal Rivers

Perennial to Seasonal Rivers

Seasonal to Perennial Rivers




Thank You !

le-meridian, new delhi february 5, 2015 dr vinod tare iit kanpur environmental flows for strategic...

Documents

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ganga basinthursday

ganga river basin values

cultural services

lower reachlemeridian

upper reach

gangetic plains