LCILCI

Reading FictionReading Fiction

Writing domain: NarrativeWriting domain: Narrative

The Lady or the The Lady or the Tiger?Tiger?

ToneTone the author’s attitude the author’s attitude

towards a specific subjecttowards a specific subject

Example: Unlike the dramatic little princesses in the popular clique, Shania, apparently royal in her own perspective, kept her distance from the throng of cheerleaders.

Underline the word(s) which Underline the word(s) which indicate the author’s tone towards indicate the author’s tone towards

Shania?Shania?

Dramatic little princessDramatic little princess

ApparentlyApparently

In her own perspectiveIn her own perspective

Example: Unlike the dramatic little princesses in the popular clique, Shania, apparently royal in her own perspective, kept her distance from the throng of cheerleaders.

Author’s StyleAuthor’s Style is reflected through an author’s is reflected through an author’s choice of words, use of literary choice of words, use of literary

devices, structure and rhythm of devices, structure and rhythm of sentences sentences Example: Ray Bradbury is known for

using many simile, metaphors, and personification to make his science fiction novels come alive for his reader. Edgar Allan Poe is also known for using repetition to build suspense in his short story chillers.

Describe compare and contrast Describe compare and contrast two authors your class has read.two authors your class has read.

What characterizes Stockton’s What characterizes Stockton’s style?style?

- OxymoronOxymoron- Use of verbal/dramatic ironyUse of verbal/dramatic irony- JuxtapositionJuxtaposition- ParallelismParallelism- Elevated languageElevated language

Elevated languageElevated language often include more often include more

sophisticated synonyms to sophisticated synonyms to create a formal, grand, or create a formal, grand, or

sophisticated tone or sophisticated tone or mood. Often times, this mood. Often times, this

includes the use of similes, includes the use of similes, metaphors or more archaic metaphors or more archaic language (easily found in a language (easily found in a

thesaurus) thesaurus)

Elevated languageElevated language Examples: Examples: She smiled She smiled

blissfullyblissfully

can turn into can turn into Her countenance Her countenance

beamed with the moon-beamed with the moon-glow radianceglow radiance..

CharacterizationCharacterization

DirectDirect The narrator tells The narrator tells

you directly, you directly, explicitly.explicitly.

She is a princess.She is a princess. She is tall.She is tall. She was the She was the

apple of his eye.apple of his eye.

IndirectIndirect The author reveals The author reveals

the character the character indirectly through indirectly through his/her actions, his/her actions, speech, and what speech, and what other characters other characters see/say about them.see/say about them.

She was the apple She was the apple of his eye.of his eye.

OxymoronOxymoron

are often two-word phrases that seen are often two-word phrases that seen to contradict each other. to contradict each other.

OxymoronsOxymorons

Examples: Examples:

A blessed failure A blessed failure

A benevolent dictatorA benevolent dictator

A fun runA fun run

A “semi-barbaric princess”A “semi-barbaric princess”

IronyIrony is found in speech, an event, is found in speech, an event, a situation, or reaction that a situation, or reaction that

occurs completely opposite or occurs completely opposite or different that what is different that what is

expected. The “ironic twist” expected. The “ironic twist” can be sad or even cruel; its can be sad or even cruel; its

purpose is to reinforce a purpose is to reinforce a message that the author is message that the author is

trying to illustrate in a story. trying to illustrate in a story.

IronyIrony Examples: Examples: In the story, In the story,

“Unbalanced,” the principal “Unbalanced,” the principal dancer in a ballet company, Linda, dancer in a ballet company, Linda,

is being sabotaged by some is being sabotaged by some mysterious company member. mysterious company member. Linda eventually discovers that Linda eventually discovers that

the culprits are her “best friend,” the culprits are her “best friend,” Carla, and Jimmy, her dance Carla, and Jimmy, her dance

partner.partner.

As the it turns out, Carla, As the it turns out, Carla, apparently, not only was jealous of apparently, not only was jealous of

Linda’s position in the company, Linda’s position in the company, but also was dating Jimmy.but also was dating Jimmy.

IronyIrony How the ending is unexpected and How the ending is unexpected and

what message was the author what message was the author trying to make?trying to make?

One doesn’t expect a “best friend” One doesn’t expect a “best friend” to so fake, betray and stab you in to so fake, betray and stab you in the back. The author seems to the back. The author seems to point out that jealousy sure can point out that jealousy sure can make a person make some poor make a person make some poor

choices!choices!

Verbal IronyVerbal Irony

Saying the opposite of what you Saying the opposite of what you meanmean

““This was the king’s semi-barbaric This was the king’s semi-barbaric method of administering justice. Its method of administering justice. Its perfect fairness is obvious.”perfect fairness is obvious.”

Dramatic IronyDramatic Irony

The audience knows something the The audience knows something the characters do notcharacters do not

Dramatic IronyDramatic Irony

The audience knows something the The audience knows something the characters do notcharacters do not

JuxtapositionJuxtaposition

are created when one places two are created when one places two contrasting images, concepts right contrasting images, concepts right next to each other in a sentence. next to each other in a sentence. The contrast can create a clearer and The contrast can create a clearer and more vivid image for the reader, or, more vivid image for the reader, or, can contribute more to a sense of can contribute more to a sense of irony. irony.

JuxtapositionJuxtaposition Examples: “Examples: “Ain’t no mountain high Ain’t no mountain high

enough, ain’t no valley low enough…enough, ain’t no valley low enough…to keep me away from you” are to keep me away from you” are some song lyrics.some song lyrics.

What are the opposing ideas and what are the effect of the contrasting images. The two contrasting ideas are high and low; to describe a love that has such a range in altitude proves how this love is so vast and all-encompassing.

JuxtapositionJuxtaposition “ “The criminal…was to devoured or The criminal…was to devoured or

married” (2)married” (2) ““When the people gathered…they When the people gathered…they

never knew whether they were to never knew whether they were to witness a bloody slaughter or a witness a bloody slaughter or a hilarious wedding” (3). hilarious wedding” (3).

ParallelismParallelism Phrases/clauses within a sentence are Phrases/clauses within a sentence are

repeated orrepeated or ““The question The question was asked in a flashwas asked in a flash; it ; it must be must be

answered in another.answered in another.”” On some occasions the tiger came On some occasions the tiger came out of one out of one

doordoor, and on some , and on some out of the otherout of the other.”.” A string of successive sentences follow A string of successive sentences follow

the same phrase/clause pattern.the same phrase/clause pattern. ““Never before had Never before had such a case occurred; such a case occurred;

never before had never before had a subject dared to love the a subject dared to love the daughter of the king.”daughter of the king.”

ConflictConflict describes the problem a character describes the problem a character

faces; it is either an opposition faces; it is either an opposition between the character and an between the character and an external source – society, nature, external source – society, nature, another person – or between values another person – or between values or viewpoints within the character. or viewpoints within the character.

ConflictConflict ExamplesExamples: Johnny faced the school : Johnny faced the school

bully with courage. But inside, he bully with courage. But inside, he still hadn’t decided if he would still hadn’t decided if he would betray his friend, or engage in a fist betray his friend, or engage in a fist fight for his friendfight for his friend..Identify who and what are the “opponents”

in the example, and which is an example of external conflict and internal conflict. Johnny is challenged by another mean boy – his external conflict. At the same time, he faces internal conflict as he is torn between loyalty to a friend and fear.

SuspenseSuspense

Is created not just by the basic plot Is created not just by the basic plot line itself between two choices but line itself between two choices but also by Stockton’s use of these also by Stockton’s use of these devices that at once mix parallel yet devices that at once mix parallel yet contradictory elements.contradictory elements.