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Power From Shore:An introduction to HVDC Light® Offshore

Lead Competence Centerpresentation

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Presentation overview:

1. HVDC Light®

2. Offshore gen. Vs. power from shore3. Offshore transmission applications4. Cables5. Very High Voltage motors (Motorformers)6. Converter station optimized for platforms7. Troll-A HVDC Light8. References

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1. What is HVDC Light®?

! HVDC Light® is ABB’s Trademark for High Voltage Direct Current transmission system based on solid state Voltage Source Converter technology

! Utilizes most advanced power electronics and semiconductors! Power is transmitted via underground/undersea cables! More efficient way of transmitting power over distances above ~50

km (with respect to AC cable transmission)! The most versatile way of transmitting power in the range of 40-

500 MW

! ABB is the undisputed leader in the world-wide T&D market and in development of enabling technologies

! HVDC since 1954! HVDC Light since 1997

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1. Building blocks

Solid StatePower Electronics

Converters

DC cables

Synthesized AC power out at OffshoreAC power in from Onshore grid

From AC to DC

Onshorerectifier station

Offshoreinverter station

DC back to AC

Supp

ly g

ridO

ffshore receiving grid

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1. Attributes and Customer Value

! Simple and compact design with redundancies

! Operational versatility! Black start capability

! Power quality control

! Facilitates connections in remote areas without need for grid reinforcement

! Flexible modular systems that can be easily expanded to multi-terminal system

! Remotely controllable

! Robust, light-weight and oil-free cable system

" Significantly low OPEX with respect to GT:! High transmission efficiency: ~90-94%! Savings from reduction in gas emissions:

e.g. Troll A: 230’000 tons CO2

! Low O&M cost (by factor of 7-10)! Flexible planned maintenance! Remote controllability: less workers offshore! Quicker start-up time at commissioning! High uptime! Longer life time: 30 years

! Health Safety and Environmental impact! Removal of offshore gas turbines will significantly reduce risks and makes facilities inherently safer! Enclosed equipment gives efficient noise suppression

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2. Local Generation vs.. Power From ShoreLocal generation

! Pros! Single cycle turbines normally have lower CAPEX costs (investment costs)! Well proven concept

! Cons! Pollution: CO2, NOx and noise! Combine cycle weight > HVDC! Lower efficiency 30-40 % for new plants

Electric power from shore! Pros

! Have lower OPEX cost over years! No emissions generated on the platform; i.e. less pollution & no emission tax! HVDC platform space <= combined cycle system ! HVDC platform weight <= combined cycle system

! Cons ! Normally higher CAPEX then single cycle turbines

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2. Cost-benefit evaluation

OPEX Parameters to be considered:! Electrical/fuel energy price! Transmission/generating efficiency! Gas emission costs! O & M cost! Remote controllability (workers offshore)! Start-up time (commissioning)! Uptime (availability)! Life time! Interest rate

CAPEX Parameters to be considered:! Transmission power! Transmission distance! Platform integration! Water depth, sea-bed terrain! Cable hook-up to platform, j-tube or dynamic! Requirement of waste-heat recovery system

A FEED study is recommended for determination of accurate price

Power from shore versus offshore generation

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2. DC versus AC transmissionAC transmission! AC cables are not practical above short distances and 10s of MWs of

transmission power! Rapidly increasing loss & cable cost if distance increases

! Fault mitigation wrt problems in land network

! Power quality

! Large voltage variations on platform – if platform load is lost

! Static Var Compensators are needed to increase AC distances to 40 to 60 miles

DC transmission! Transmission distances from 10s to 100s of miles

! Transmission power from 10s to 100s MW

! “Black” receiving network

! Different frequency offshore / onshore

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2. Technology Selection: GT vs. AC vs. DC

Power(MW)

Distance(miles)

AC

Tra

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DC Transmission

Gas Turbines

An Example ofEconomical Window ofOpportunity for Power From Shore

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! 3a. Shore to platform! Serving single or cluster of platforms! Serving as variable speed drive to a single large motor load

! 3b. Platform to platform! Centralize generation capacity

! 3c. Offshore to shore! Connecting offshore power plant with shore grid

3. HVDC Light applications offshore

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3a. Serving single or cluster of platforms

30-700 MW

HVDC Light™

Offshore Onshore

HVDC Light™

Cluster

AC cables

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HVDC Light™

Offshore Onshore

HVDC Light™

Up to 45 MW

VHV Motor

Benefits of HV Motorformer:! Direct connection without transformer! Less switchgear needed

! HVDC Light™ + Motorformer™ = Adjustable Drive! Typical load: 20-50 MW compressors

3a. Serving as variable speed drive to a single large motor load

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3b. Platform to platform connections: Centralized generation

! Connection of platforms with different frequencies (50/60 Hz)

! Centralized generation capacity! Optimized operation: reduced

investment, Increased efficiency

30 - 700 MW

HVDC Light™ HVDC Light™Power transformerPower transformer

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3c. Connecting offshore power plant with shore grid

30 - 700 MW

HVDC Light™

Offshore Onshore

HVDC Light™Offshore generation

! Offshore power plant, power barges! Monetizing of stranded gas

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4. HVDC Light cables

! Strong and flexible cables! advantageous for laying at deep water! possible to use HVDC for dynamic floating platform applications

! Advantageous compared to AC-cables! higher transmission capacity! lower losses

ABB offers complete cable systems, including installation and engineering for offshore applications

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4. HVDC Light submarine cable

! Conductor of copper

! HVDC polymer insulation

! Lead alloy sheath

! Steel wire armor (when required)

! Complete cable- diameter 5-15 cm- weight 7.5 - 50 kg/m

! 6 - 550 MW per bi-pole

! Standard voltages: 84 and 150 kV

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4. HVDC Light submarine cable - dynamic section (next)

! Conductor of copper

! HVDC polymer insulation

! Copper wire screen

! Swelling tapes and PE sheath

! Counter helical steel wire armor

! Complete cable- diameter 5-15 cm- weight 7.5 - 50 kg/m

! 6 - 550 MW per bi-pole

! Standard voltages: 84 and 150 kV

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4. Typical dynamic cable interface

~450 ft ~10 ft ~450 ft

Typical riser based systems

Dynamic part

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5. Very High Voltage motors: An ABB Innovation

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5. Benefits of Very High Voltage motors

! Reduced investment

! Reduced operating costs

! More environmentally friendly

! No transformer needed

! The HVDC Light inverter controls the motor

! Improved overload capacity

! Improved availability

! Less space than a conventional installation

! Higher efficiency

! Less civil work

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6. Optimized converter station for platforms

1) Excluding transformer(s), HVAC and external cooling eq.2) Excluding external access and stairways3) HVDC Light® Converter equipment

Typical Land Station1)

Volume2): 9,000 m3

Equipment weight3): 130 tonesTotal weight: Irrelevant

Volume 2): 4,000 m3

Equipment weight 3): 130 tonesTotal weight: 750 tones

Typical Offshore Station1)

Comparison, 2x40 MW HVDC Light®

Drawings not to scale

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6. Optimized layout

Land Station Offshore Station

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Submarine cables

Troll A platform station Kollsnes

land station

Norway Sweden

UK

7. Troll-A Power From Shore: World’s 1st Offshore HVDC system

Statoil’s Troll A Pre-compression projectKey platform data:! Troll A delivers gas to Kollsnes

from all Troll field platforms

! Total weight: 678 500 tones

! Height: 472 m (approx. 120 m above sea level)

! Current gas processing capacity:

100 million m3 per day

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HVDC Light Transmission & Electric Drive System

7. Troll-A HVDC Light in operation since October 2005

Key system data:! Two HVDC Light® transmission

systems

! Two 56-kV, 40-MW, 1800-rpm VHV Motors

! ± 60 kV DC

! 4x70 km sea cable

! Avoided emission of 230,000 tones CO2 annually

! Significantly reduced OPEX

! Significantly reduced risks associated with offshore gas turbines

! Reduced manning offshore due to the system’s remote controllability and low maintenance

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7. Troll A Electric Drive Systems

40 MW56 kV

132 kV SwitchboardKollsnes stationHVDC Light Rectifier

Subsea CableHVDC Light

Cable

Troll A stationHVDC Light Inverter

VHV Motor Compressor

Gear

±60 kV

70 km

Single Line Diagram

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7. Troll A HVDC Light® project: Novelties

Troll A:! First HVDC Light® based power supply from shore to platform

! First project with HVDC Light® feeding & driving a VHV Motor

! First installation of a VHV Motor offshore

! Largest VHV Motor built so far

While HVDC Light® and VHV Motor are both proven technologies....

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7. Troll A HVDC Light® EDS module

! Contains HVDC Light® equipment for systems 1 and 2

! 2 x 40 MW inverters, ± 60 kV DC

! Module dimensions:! Level 1: 22,5 x 12,5 m! Levels 2 & 3: 18,5 x 19 m! Height:

! Approx 15 m (module, only)! Approx 20 m (with HVAC)

! Dry weight:! Approx 750 tones (module and

equipment)

Barge after Load Out

Being lifted to Troll A platform

EDS module in production

HVDC Equipment

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7. Troll A Motorformer

! Rated voltage: 56 kV

! Rated current: 422 A

! Rated power: 40 MW

! Rated speed: 1800 rpm! Operating speed: 1260-1890

! Weight: 110 tones

Motorformer Being Installed

High Voltage Cable Windings

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7. Troll A HVDC Light Cable

! Conductor: Cu

! Cross section: 300 mm2

! Rated DC current: 540 A in air

! Insulation: Triple extruded DC

! Rated DC voltage: 80 kV

! Armoring: Double counter helix

! Outer diameter: 7.5 cm

! Dry weight: 15 kg/m

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7. Valhall HVDC Light Power From ShoreOperator: BPPartners: Amerada Hess, Shell, TotalTechnical DataCommissioning year: 2009Power rating: 78 MWAC Voltage: 300 kV / 11 kVDC Voltage: 150 kVLength of DC cable: 292 km

3-phase transformer

DC side area

Phase reactors AC

filters

Valve area

LxWxH = 22x15x13 meter

Valhall

Lista

New PH platform Existing WIP

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ABB is a global leader in power and automation technologies that enable

utility and industry customers to improve performance while lowering

environmental impact.