LC Omega-3 Oils: Delivery Systems for Food and Supplement Applications

Ernesto Hernandez, Ph.D.Omega ProteinHouston, TX

www.omegapure.com

R&DA. Fall 2010 Meeting. “New Military Challenges” , Incline Village, NV, Oct. 25-27, 2010.

Background on healthy oils

Processing and Stabilizing Omega-3s

Delivery Systems for Omega-3. Foods and Supplements

Outlook for the future

Presentation Outline

• Lipids are a major source of storage energy

• Important precursors in the body's metabolic processes

• Essential components of cell membranes and other biological structures

• Play important roles in absorption of fat-soluble nutrients i.e., vitamins A, D, E, and K and carotenoids

• Fats and oils are important in processing, quality, and in the organoleptic and texture properties of food products

• Source of essential fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6)

Role of Fats in Nutrition

Fatty acid SOYBEAN CANOLA CORN COTTON OLIVE PALM

Palmitic, (C16: 0) 11 % 4% 12% 25% 13% 42%

Stearic, (C18: 0) 4% 2% 2% 2% 2% 5%

Oleic, (C18: 1) 23% 64% 27% 18% 71% 40%

Linoleic, (C18: 2) 53% 19% 57% 54% 10% 11%

Linolenic, (C18: 3) 8% 9% 1% --- --- ---

Composition of Vegetable Oils

Fatty Acid Menhaden Anchovy Cod Liver Microalgae Flax

Lauric (C12: 0) --- ---  ---   6% --- 

Myristic (C14: 0) 7% 8% 4% 19%

Palmitic (C16: 0) 19% 16% 9% 17% 6%

Palmitoleic (C16: 1) 12% 9% 10% 2%  ---

Stearic (C18: 0) 3% 3% 4% 1% 4%

Oleic (C18: 1) 13% 9% 20% 9% 21%

Linoleic (C18: 2) 2% 4% 1% 1% 16%

Linolenic (C18: 3) 2% 1% 2% 4% 56%

Eicosapentanoic (C20: 5) (EPA)

13% 18% 14% ---  --- 

Docosahexanoic (22: 6) (DHA)

12% 11% 12% 46% ---

Fatty Acid Composition of Omega-3 Oils

Why Omega-3?

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Clinical Studies with LC Omega 3s

High TriglyceridesHigh blood pressureInfant mental & visual developmentSecondary CVDPrimary CVDRheumatoid ArthritisAsthmaInflammation: GI tractNeurologic disordersaDepressionBipolar disorder

New lipid bioactives from EPA/DHA: Protectins and Resolvins

• Reduces inflammation

• Reduces occurrence of secondary heart attacks

• Supports immune system

• Promotes blood flow

• Allows for nutrient transport through cellular membranes

• Necessary for brain and eye development

• Promotes cell turnover

• Supports healthy development of blood cells and vessels

• Protects cells

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EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)

Types of Long-Chain Omega-3

• Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA)

• Flaxseed, soy, canola

• Many sources of ALA contain elevated amounts of n-6

• Although ALA has its own unique health benefits, conversion to EPA & DHA is inefficient (~1%)*

* Sheila M. Innis, PhD., Child and Family Research Institute, Nutrition Research Program, “Omega-3 Fatty Acids Maternal and Infant Nutrition” March 7, 2008

• Fish oils EPA & DHA

• Algal oils DHA

• Krill Oils EPA and DHA

• Excellent Bio-availability

Short-Chain Omega-3 Long-Chain Omega-3

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• EPA and DHA

• Fish oil

• Preformed EPA and DHA

• Readily incorporated into blood plasma

• Deficient in the Western diet

• Linoleic acid

• Soybean, corn, vegetable oils

• Impede short chain omega-3 elongation

• Compete for same enzymes

• Overly abundant in Western diets

Omega-6 Long-Chain Omega-3

Omega-6:Omega-3 Ratio

Fish Oil Refining, Purifying and Stabilization

Production of OmegaPure®

Free fatty acidsProtein residueHydratable matter

ColorPeroxidesMetalsSome contaminantsResidual soaps

Higher melting fractionChill proofs the oil

Contaminants:PesticidesHerbicidesPCBs,Dioxins, Furans, PBDEs,Ffa’s, carboxylics

Odor and flavor

Primary antioxidants:

Tocopherols Rosemary extracts

BHA, BHT, TBHQ

Secondary antioxidants:

Ascorbyl palmitate Citric acid EDTA

Antioxidant Systems for Fish Oil

Oxidative Stability of Edible Oils

146.75

110.73

6.33

28.2

65

79.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Safflower Oil Soybean Oil OmegaPure E OmegaPure TE OmegaPure HSNatural OmegaPure HSTE

OS

I ( h

ou

rs)

@ 8

0°C

Omega 3 from Supplements or from Fortified Foods?

•Dietary supplements 74.5%

•Functional foods and beverages a 13.8 %

•Animal feed 9.6 %

•Infant nutrition 1.7 %

•Pharma 0.4 %

(Frost & Sullivan )(2008)

Marine-based Omega- 3 oils in 2008

•World production is approx 1 million tons, approx 10% goes to omega 3 ingredients.

• Global consumption of omega 3 ingredients, 71,452 MT

•North America consumption of omega 3s 26,948 MT (2008), projected at 50,388 MT (2013)

Supplements:

30%- EPA/DHA Fish Oil 77.3 %

(Frost & Sullivan )(2008) 20 kg of crude oil to make 1 kg of 90% EPA/DHA concentrate

40-55% EPA/DHA Concentrate 11.3 %

60-75% EPA/DHA Concentrate 1.4 %

85-95% EPA/DHA Concentrate 2.9 %

Others 7.1 %

Market Description

•Ethyl esters of EPA/DHA are approved as a pharmaceutical and supplements Used in food in the EU

•Ethyl esters have become a major player in the pharmaceuticals and supplements market (over 1 billion dollars for each segment)

Ethyl Ester Concentrates of EPA/DHA

Generic pharma EEs concentrates coming up fast

Key Lovaza patents will run out in 2012

•Ethyl ester concentrates (84%) of EPA/DHA are currently prescribed for hypertriglyceridemia

•Clinical trials for mixed dyslipidemia

Source: Source: “Omega Fatty Acids: Trends in the Worldwide Food and Beverage Markets, 2nd Edition.” Packaged Facts. www.packagedfacts.com. January 2009

Retail Sales of Omega-3 Enhanced Products

$100$400

$820

$1,400

$2,000

$2,716

$3,517

$4,168

$4,793$5,229

$5,673

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Mill

ion

U.S

. Do

llar

* These numbers include ALA, EPA, and DHA

• Defined Health Benefit• Sustainable Ingredient • Kosher• Vegetarian• Allergens• Convenience• Consumer acceptance• Omega-3 to Omega-6 Ratio• Economics• Shelf life

Considerations

• Oil

• Concentrates

• Powder

• Seed and Oil Blends

• Inclusions

Delivery Systems

• Pro:• Good choice for traditional shelf life/par baked products:

• Room Temperature- Weeks

• Refrigerated- Months

• Frozen- Years

• Most economical

• Clean label

• Con:• Many bakeries unable/unwilling to handle frozen oil

• Not appropriate for shelf stable products (years)

• Depending on product, dispersion of oil may be challenging

• High cost for concentrates

Straight Oil

Pros and Cons

• Pro:• Provides added protection from oxidation

• Depending on technology may be best option for extended shelf life products

• Handling/storage is less challenging (requires refrigeration)

• Con:• Additional processing/ingredients add significant cost

• Complex label

• Depending on encapsulating material may impart unwanted flavors or require allergen labeling

• Look for products with low free oil

Powder

Pros and Cons

• Pro:• Provides added protection from oxidation

• Oil contained in flour or fat matrix decreasing reactive surface area

• Customized for size, flavor and color

• Easy to measure

• Handling/storage is less challenging (requires refrigeration)

• Con:• Relatively complex label

• May not be desirable in homogeneous products

• Relatively low EPA & DHA load

Fortified Inclusion

Pros and Cons

• Pro:

• Provides added protection from oxidation

• Best Handling/storage characteristics (refrigeration not required)

• May be staged

• Provides EPA, DHA and ALA

• Clean label

• Cost offset by increased yields & additional functional attributes

• Con:

• Relatively low EPA and DHA load

• May not be desirable in fine crumb/light products

•

Milled Flax & Oil Blend

Pros and Cons

• Minimize time at temperature

• Add ingredient as close to end of process as possible

• Blend oil with other fats/oils to insure even distribution

• Minimize air incorporation

• Add chelators to help retard oxidation

• Encapsulate mineral premixes

Process Recommendations

• 1st with direct GRAS approval (21 CFR 184.1472)

• Vertically integrated (supply and traceability)

• Harvested in U.S. waters

• Clean label (single species)

• Certified Kosher by the Orthodox Union

• Sustainable

• Equal balance of EPA and DHA

EPA 12-15%

DHA 10-14%

EPA + DHA

DPA

25-27%

2-3%

Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 32-37%

OmegaPure Menhaden Oil®

MeadowPure® UltraGrad™

• Patent-pending combination of MeadowPure™ flaxseed and OmegaPure® fish oil - containing all three forms of Omega-3 – ALA, EPA, and DHA

• Superior stability in processed foods and beverages

• Excellent clean flavor

• Allowable Nutrient Content and Structure Function claims for ALA, EPA, and DHA Omega 3

• Free flowing powder; ambient storage

Situation Assessment Summary

Omega-3 concentrates are expected to swiftly move into the pharmaceutical market in the next couple of years.

Nutritional armor. Major application for omega-3 EPA and DHA fatty acids.

Government recommendations (RDA’s) not here yet

Food companies slow to fortify (cost, no RDI)

Global standards for human use (CODEX) coming soon

Pharmaceuticals and supplements are expected to be the largest applications for omega-3 concentrates in the next 5 to 10 years. Frost and Sullivan, 2009.

One the fastest growing areas for health and wellness promotion and disease prevention

Thank you!